[pypy-svn] r65723 - in pypy/extradoc/talk/icooolps2009: . code
cfbolz at codespeak.net
cfbolz at codespeak.net
Wed Jun 10 15:19:03 CEST 2009
Author: cfbolz
Date: Wed Jun 10 15:19:03 2009
New Revision: 65723
Modified:
pypy/extradoc/talk/icooolps2009/code/no-green-folding.txt
pypy/extradoc/talk/icooolps2009/paper.bib
pypy/extradoc/talk/icooolps2009/paper.tex
Log:
Completely horrible hacks to squeeze everything on 8 pages again.
Modified: pypy/extradoc/talk/icooolps2009/code/no-green-folding.txt
==============================================================================
--- pypy/extradoc/talk/icooolps2009/code/no-green-folding.txt (original)
+++ pypy/extradoc/talk/icooolps2009/code/no-green-folding.txt Wed Jun 10 15:19:03 2009
@@ -21,12 +21,7 @@
pc5 = int_add(pc4, Const(1))
list_setitem(regs0, n2, a2)
# MOV_R_A 2
-opcode2 = strgetitem(bytecode0, pc5)
-pc6 = int_add(pc5, Const(1))
-guard_value(opcode2, Const(2))
-n3 = strgetitem(bytecode0, pc6)
-pc7 = int_add(pc6, Const(1))
-a3 = list_getitem(regs0, n3)
+...
# ADD_R_TO_A 1
opcode3 = strgetitem(bytecode0, pc7)
pc8 = int_add(pc7, Const(1))
@@ -36,19 +31,9 @@
i0 = list_getitem(regs0, n4)
a4 = int_add(a3, i0)
# MOV_A_R 2
-opcode4 = strgetitem(bytecode0, pc9)
-pc10 = int_add(pc9, Const(1))
-guard_value(opcode4, Const(1))
-n5 = strgetitem(bytecode0, pc10)
-pc11 = int_add(pc10, Const(1))
-list_setitem(regs0, n5, a4)
+...
# MOV_R_A 0
-opcode5 = strgetitem(bytecode0, pc11)
-pc12 = int_add(pc11, Const(1))
-guard_value(opcode5, Const(2))
-n6 = strgetitem(bytecode0, pc12)
-pc13 = int_add(pc12, Const(1))
-a5 = list_getitem(regs0, n6)
+...
# JUMP_IF_A 4
opcode6 = strgetitem(bytecode0, pc13)
pc14 = int_add(pc13, Const(1))
Modified: pypy/extradoc/talk/icooolps2009/paper.bib
==============================================================================
--- pypy/extradoc/talk/icooolps2009/paper.bib (original)
+++ pypy/extradoc/talk/icooolps2009/paper.bib Wed Jun 10 15:19:03 2009
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@
title = {Incremental Dynamic Code Generation with Trace Trees},
abstract = {The unit of compilation for traditional just-in-time compilers is the method. We have explored trace-based compilation, in which the unit of compilation is a loop, potentially spanning multiple methods and even library code. Using a new intermediate representation that is discovered and updated lazily on-demand while the program is being executed, our compiler generates code that is competitive with traditional dynamic compilers, but that uses only a fraction of the compile time and memory footprint.},
number = {{ICS-TR-06-16}},
- institution = {Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine},
+ institution = {University of California, Irvine},
author = {Andreas Gal and Michael Franz},
month = nov,
year = {2006},
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@
inserting features and low-level details automatically – including good just-in-time compilers tuned to the dynamic language at hand.
We believe this to be ultimately a better investment of efforts than the development of more and more advanced general-purpose object
oriented {VMs.} In this paper we compare these two approaches in detail.},
- booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Dynamic Languages and Applications {(DYLA} 2007)},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Dynamic Languages and Applications {(DYLA})},
author = {Carl Friedrich Bolz and Armin Rigo},
year = {2007}
},
Modified: pypy/extradoc/talk/icooolps2009/paper.tex
==============================================================================
--- pypy/extradoc/talk/icooolps2009/paper.tex (original)
+++ pypy/extradoc/talk/icooolps2009/paper.tex Wed Jun 10 15:19:03 2009
@@ -243,15 +243,9 @@
aggressive inlining.
Typically tracing VMs go through various phases when they execute a program:
-\begin{itemize}
-\item Interpretation/profiling
-\item Tracing
-\item Code generation
-\item Execution of the generated code
-\end{itemize}
-
-At first, when the program starts, everything is interpreted.
-The interpreter does a small amount of lightweight profiling to establish which loops
+Interpretation/profiling, tracing, code generation and execution of the
+generated code. When the program starts, everything is interpreted.
+The interpreter does lightweight profiling to establish which loops
are run most frequently. This lightweight profiling is usually done by having a counter on
each backward jump instruction that counts how often this particular backward jump
is executed. Since loops need a backward jump somewhere, this method looks for
@@ -261,10 +255,10 @@
\emph{tracing mode}. During tracing, the interpreter records a history of all
the operations it executes. It traces until it has recorded the execution of one
iteration of the hot loop. To decide when this is the case, the trace is
-repeatedly checked during tracing as to whether the interpreter is at a position
+repeatedly checked as to whether the interpreter is at a position
in the program where it had been earlier.
-The history recorded by the tracer is called a \emph{trace}: it is a sequential list of
+The history recorded by the tracer is called a \emph{trace}: it is a list of
operations, together with their actual operands and results. Such a trace can be
used to generate efficient machine code. This generated machine code is
immediately executable, and can be used in the next iteration of the loop.
@@ -326,7 +320,7 @@
\label{fig:simple-trace}
\end{figure}
-Let's look at a small example. Take the (slightly contrived) RPython code in
+As a small example, take the (slightly contrived) RPython code in
Figure \ref{fig:simple-trace}.
The tracer interprets these functions in a bytecode format that is an encoding of
the intermediate representation of PyPy's translation tool\-chain after type
@@ -367,18 +361,15 @@
following, we will assume that the language interpreter is bytecode-based. The
program that the language interpreter executes we will call the \emph{user
program} (from the point of view of a VM author, the ``user'' is a programmer
-using the VM).
-
-Similarly, we need to distinguish loops at two different levels:
+using the VM). Similarly, we need to distinguish loops at two different levels:
\emph{interpreter loops} are loops \emph{inside} the language interpreter. On
the other hand, \emph{user loops} are loops in the user program.
A tracing JIT compiler finds the hot loops of the program it is compiling. In
-our case, this program is the language interpreter. The most important hot interpreter loop
+our case, this is the language interpreter. The most important hot interpreter loop
is the bytecode dispatch loop (for many simple
-interpreters it is also the only hot loop). Tracing one iteration of this
-loop means that
-the recorded trace corresponds to execution of one opcode. This means that the
+interpreters it is also the only hot loop). One iteration of this loop
+corresponds to the execution of one opcode. This means that the
assumption made by the tracing JIT -- that several iterations of a hot loop
take the same or similar code paths -- is wrong in this case. It is very
unlikely that the same particular opcode is executed many times in a row.
@@ -468,8 +459,8 @@
loops}: the profiling is done at the backward branches of the user program,
using one counter per seen program counter of the language interpreter.
-The condition for reusing already existing machine code also needs to be adapted to
-this new situation. In a classical tracing JIT there is at most one piece of
+The condition for reusing existing machine code also needs to be adapted to
+this new situation. In a classical tracing JIT there is no or one piece of
assembler code per loop of the jitted program, which in our case is the language
interpreter. When applying the tracing JIT to the language interpreter as
described so far, \emph{all} pieces of assembler code correspond to the bytecode
@@ -497,9 +488,7 @@
example, the \texttt{pc} variable is obviously part of the program counter;
however, the \texttt{bytecode} variable is also counted as green, since the
\texttt{pc} variable is meaningless without the knowledge of which bytecode
-string is currently being interpreted. All other variables are red (the fact
-that red variables need to be listed explicitly too is an implementation
-detail).
+string is currently being interpreted. All other variables are red.
In addition to the classification of the variables, there are two methods of
\texttt{JitDriver} that need to be called. The
@@ -528,7 +517,7 @@
interpreter eight times. The resulting trace can be seen in Figure
\ref{fig:trace-no-green-folding}.
-\begin{figure}
+\begin{figure}[t]
\input{code/no-green-folding.txt}
\caption{Trace when executing the Square function of Figure \ref{fig:square},
with the corresponding bytecodes as comments.}
@@ -800,9 +789,10 @@
interpreter together for commonly occurring bytecode sequences to reduce
dispatch overhead. However, dispatching is still needed to jump between such
sequences and also when non-copyable bytecodes occur. Ertl and Gregg
-\cite{ertl_retargeting_2004} go further and stitch together the concatenated
-sequences by patching the copied machine code. Thus they get rid of all dispatch
-overhead. Both techniques can speed up interpreters which large dispatch
+\cite{ertl_retargeting_2004} go further and get rid of all dispatch overhead by
+stitching together the concatenated
+sequences by patching the copied machine code.
+Both techniques can speed up interpreters which large dispatch
overhead a lot. However they will help less if the bytecodes themselves do a
lot of work (as is the case with Python
\cite{stefan_brunthaler_virtual-machine_2009}) and the dispatch overhead is lower. On
@@ -877,9 +867,6 @@
update the frame object lazily only when it is actually accessed from outside of
the code generated by the JIT.
-Furthermore both tracing and leaving machine code are very slow due to a
-double interpretation overhead and we might need techniques for improving those.
-
Eventually we will need to apply the JIT to the various interpreters that are
written in RPython to evaluate how widely applicable the described techniques
are. Possible targets for such an evaluation would be the SPy-VM, a Smalltalk
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