Hi, Phillip Eby asked me to forward this request to the distutils mailing list, so here it goes. In current setuptools, the file setuptools/extension.py checks for Pyrex being installed and otherwise renames all .pyx file entries to .c. This does not work when Cython is installed *instead of* Pyrex, as Cython will never be executed in this case. It just fails saying that the .c file doesn't exist. I'm currently shipping a fake Pyrex/Distutils/build_ext.py module with lxml to make it work with both, but I don't even see a major advantage in the extension.py module at all. It's plain easy to do that yourself in the setup.py script if (and only if) you want it to build without Pyrex/Cython, but currently, it is enforced in setuptools. This really only works if the distributor wants it and does something to make it work, so always enforcing this behaviour doesn't give you any real advantage. I'd like to see this module removed from setuptools or at least have Cython supported in the same way. Stefan