Proposal: change timestamps of files installed from a wheel to the time of installation, except for .py files. **Existing situation** Let's consider two ways of installing a Python package: installation from a source tarball and installation from a wheel, in both cases using "pip install". The installation roughly works as follows: (A) Create a temporary directory for pip to work in, with a filename like /tmp/pip-6N_2Kx-build (B) Extract the archive (sources or wheel) somewhere in the temporary directory (C) Build the package in the temporary directory (in both cases, this involves creating .pyc files for the .py files) (D) Copy the installation from the temporary directory to the final installation directory (typically somewhere in site-packages) (E) Delete the temporary directory Both (B) and (D) involve a copy operation of some sort, so the question is: what to do with timestamps? In both cases, (D) currently preserves the timestamp of the files. For (B), timestamps are preserved when extracting a tarball but not when extracting a wheel. **Proposal** Change step (D) for wheel installs to NOT preserve timestamps. It might be safer to make sure that all installed files have the same timestamp, so this would mean: give all installed files the timestamp of a fixed time, namely the time when step (D) was started in the installation process. Important exception: for .py files, do preserve the timestamp. I think that (B) should preserve timestamps. However, that is a different issue which should be fixed independently. **The problem** For a source installation, the timestamps are preserved in both (B) and (D), so the timestamp of the installed files can be much older than the time of installation. This is a problem for dependency checking: suppose that I am the developer of a package MYPKG which has a dependency on the C API of a package OTHERPKG. The C API of OTHERPKG is defined by .h files which are installed by OTHERPKG. The package MYPKG correctly declares this dependency using the "depends" keyword of the Extension objects. Now, when I install a different version of OTHERPKG, I want that distutils notices that the dependency has been changed and automatically rebuilds the Extensions with that dependency. This requires that the timestamp of the installed .h files is more recent than the timestamp of the compiled extension. In other words, the timestamp of installed files should be the time of installation. A similar situation happens for a Cython API exposed by installed .pxd (and possibly also .h) files. **Comparison with automake** Automake (which is probably the most widely used build system for open source/free software) installs files with timestamp the time of installation. So, my proposal is doing what automake already does. **The strange case of .pyc files** As noted in https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/5648 it is important that the timestamp of .py files are preserved after the .pyc file is created. This is because Python checks the exact timestamp of the .py file to determine whether it is up to date. This explains the exception for .py files in the proposal. **Backwards compatibility** In other words: won't this break packages which rely on timestamps to be preserved? When installing a wheel, timestamps from the wheel are already not preserved in step (B). So any package which would rely on preserving timestamps would already be broken when installed as wheel. So this proposal can only break stuff which depends on timestamps from step (C), which happens to be the case for .py files. In my proposal, I'm only suggesting to make changes for wheel installs. I do think that the change makes sense for installs from source, but that will be irrelevant after PEP 517 is implemented anyway. Jeroen.