Mark Dickinson added the comment:

Yes, PyLong_FromString is directly used by the implementation of int, and is also used in parsing of numeric integer literals in source:

https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/cb41b2766de646435743b6af7dd152751b54e...

So I agree that this is a documentation bug. There's also no mention of the support for underscores in the documentation.

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