Kirby,
Looking way far in the back of my head,
the closest thing (to the inspirational drawings of
your notebook) I could recover
is what is called fundamental lattice structures of
solid state physics. Not sure, but in there
they might use your coordinate system to better describe
structures of crystals.
The book by Kittel, pg 27 of the 8th Edition, has some stuff on it.
Other object in that sense is the Quaternion thing
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternion
Better stop here, I am getting hurt ...
Sergio