Mailman 3 May 2000 - Mailman-Developers

Re: [Mailman-Developers] suggestion for heldmsg placement
by Harald Meland May 9, 2000

May 9, 2000

[Ricardo Kustner] > Hi, > > I think it could be better to place the heldmsg-* files > that are created for messages held for approval in > a directory like ~mailman/listname/lists/mailinglist/pending > instead of all messages for all lists in ~mailman/data... > does anybody agree with me? :) I disagree -- the way it's done now, you can easily have $(prefix)/data/ (and e.g. archives/) on a big/slow disk, while $(prefix)/lists/ (and e.g. locks/) can live happily on a smaller/quicker disk. Putting stuff in subdirs of the list config dir would require me to create an awful lot of symlinks in order to do the same. If you're concerned with the number of files in a single directory, I guess some scheme for splitting the data/ directory could be implemented -- but I'm not really sure that's needed. So, what is you motivation for asking for this change? -- Harald

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Re: [Mailman-Developers] race condition in locking ?
by Harald Meland May 9, 2000

May 9, 2000

[bwarsaw(a)python.org] > I've done a bit of testing using Apache and both NS and MSIE. What > I did was add a big sleep in admin.py, in main(), just before the > finally at the bottom of the function. Immediately after the 'print doc.Format()' statement? Then you shouldn't get any SIGPIPEs, right? > I added some debug prints so I could see what was going on. > > As near as I can tell, if I hit the browser's stop button after > entering that big sleep, the CGI process gets kill stone cold. It > never reach the finally clause, doesn't get a SIGPIPE, nothing. Ouch. Does that imply a SIGKILL, or are there other signals which could produce such behaviour? > Since I can't reproduce this, I'm not sure what the right thing to > do is. I can't reproduce it either -- although I suspect at least part of the problem might be ugly TCP/IP stacks and/or browsers (if hitting the "stop" button doesn't actually close down the TCP connection properly, I guess there could be problems once the CGI script tries sending data down the partially closed socket). > Harald, what webserver are you running? The problems my users reported was from a Mailman installation using Apache 1.3.2 on Solaris 2.6. I don't know what web browsers were being used (and it's been a while since anyone reported a problem like this). -- Harald

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Re: [Mailman-Developers] wrong list info in header (b1)
by Harald Meland May 9, 2000

May 9, 2000

[Thomas Wouters] > The script responsible for sending the password reminders, > cron/mailpasswds, specifically uses the first public list it finds > to send all password reminders. I'm not entirely sure why this is > done, except for some marginal performance issue. I think the reasoning went like this: As any reminder message can contain info about more than one list membership, it's impossible to use the "correct" list for delivery. Thus, as Mailman can't get this completely right, it rather chooses the easiest solution available; use the same list for all deliveries. Of course, as non-public lists shouldn't be advertised, Mailman shouldn't "implicitly advertise" a non-public list by using its message delivery mechanisms (which currently implies putting the list's name in the message headers) for sending out passwords. > mailpasswds should probably be rewritten to either use a list the > user is on, or use a fake list... I'm not really sure which is best, > considering people with mailfilters based on Sender and such. I think the last option would be best, because it's the least complicated thing to implement, and thus less error-prone. Besides, there also are other reasons for wanting a non-list-specific Mailman entry point address. -- Harald

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Re: [Mailman-Developers] using real user names for list members
by Harald Meland May 9, 2000

May 9, 2000

[Matthias Klose] > Is it currently possible/or planned to use names like > > Real Name <email address> > email address (Real name) > > as the name of a subscriber? Others have made the very same request, but I don't think anyone has done any work in this area. Maybe we should think about having something like this when we spec what the user database should contain? -- Harald

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Re: [Mailman-Developers] change the envelope sender with Sendmail.py?
by Harald Meland May 9, 2000

May 9, 2000

[Harald Meland] > [Brian Edmonds] > > > The change is on line 91 of Handlers/Sendmail.py[1], where msg.GetSender > > needs to become mlist.GetAdminEmail. > > As I mentioned some weeks ago on this same issue, I think it would be > better to override the GetSender() method appropriately for the > various subclasses of Message. > > If you hardcode in GetAdminEmail as envelope sender, you can get > "interesting" results when combined with MTA sender verification and > e.g. newly created lists. It will also cause e.g. password reminder > bounces to go to some unsuspecting (public) list's admin and not to > mailman-owner. Some might consider that a feature, of course ;) I finally got round to backporting these changes to CVS mailman: As usual, I haven't tested the patch with CVS Mailman -- it's just a backporting of the code we've been running here during the last months. -- Harald

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Re: [Mailman-Developers] Bugs in Utils.py and pythonlib/smtplib.py (Mailman 1.1)
by Harald Meland May 9, 2000

May 9, 2000

[Dan A. Dickey] > Here are a couple of patches Thanks! > to fix file descriptor leaks in Utils.py, The message delivery stuff has changed a lot since 1.1, so there's no longer any TrySMTPDelivery() function in Utils.py. > and pythonlib/smtplib.py. The modules under Mailman/pythonlib in the distribution are merely copies of the current version of various modules that accompany python itself. Thus, if there are bugs in these modules, they should be reported to the python maintainers. In this case, though, I don't think there is a bug per se in the smtplib library -- rather, it's Mailman that doesn't take enough care in closing up file descriptors. Below is a quick patch against current CVS Mailman for those cron scripts I have seen run out of available file descriptors (when there's a lot of lists to iterate over). I don't actually run CVS Mailman at the moment, so the patch has not been tested. -- Harald

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Bugs in Utils.py and pythonlib/smtplib.py (Mailman 1.1)
by Dan A. Dickey May 9, 2000

May 9, 2000

Here are a couple of patches to fix file descriptor leaks in Utils.py, and pythonlib/smtplib.py. I looked at the new beta of Mailman, and it didn't seem as if these bugs had been fixed - so probably nobody has hit these but me. The bugs are seen when sending too much to sendmail and sendmail decides to close up shop for about 15 seconds. Then, fds are leaked, and eventually run_queue crashes and leaves a lock file around (locking problem again). I'd suggest someone work these patches into the new Mailman code; sorry I can't do it myself. -Dan -- Dan A. Dickey ddickey(a)wamnet.com *** Utils.py.orig Thu Dec 9 08:48:41 1999 --- Utils.py Mon Apr 24 10:31:46 2000 *************** *** 25,30 **** --- 25,31 ---- import sys import os + import time import string import re from UserDict import UserDict *************** *** 333,338 **** --- 334,341 ---- if log_hint: l.write(' %s\n' % log_hint) l.flush() + l.close() + time.sleep(1.0) *** pythonlib/smtplib.py.orig Thu Dec 9 08:48:44 1999 --- pythonlib/smtplib.py Mon Apr 24 10:09:28 2000 *************** *** 213,219 **** if not port: port = SMTP_PORT self.sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) if self.debuglevel > 0: print 'connect:', (host, port) ! self.sock.connect(host, port) (code,msg)=self.getreply() if self.debuglevel >0 : print "connect:", msg return (code,msg) --- 213,224 ---- if not port: port = SMTP_PORT self.sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) if self.debuglevel > 0: print 'connect:', (host, port) ! try: ! self.sock.connect(host, port) ! except: ! if self.debuglevel > 0: print 'connect failed, raising sock.error' ! self.close() ! raise socket.error, "connect failed" (code,msg)=self.getreply() if self.debuglevel >0 : print "connect:", msg return (code,msg)

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New LockFile.py
by bwarsaw＠python.org May 9, 2000

May 9, 2000

Folks, Based on much input from Thomas and Harald, I've got a new version of LockFile.py which should work much better for high volume sites. This has the fixed linking direction, the implementation has been cleaned up considerably, and I think I've eliminated race conditions as much as possible. One casualty is steal(). The current Mailman CVS source doesn't use it, and I didn't like the semantics anyway, so I simply got rid of the method. I don't know if any of the "unofficial" patches out there still use it though. The one questionable aspect of the new LockFile.py is that it uses the mtime of the file as the lock's lifetime. This works great for avoiding race conditions but means that Mailman is setting mtime's of the files to some time in the future. Is anybody aware of OSes where this will be a problem? Linux and Solaris both seem to stay happy. I've added some unit testing which gives me confidence in this module, but I haven't tried it yet on python.org. And I'm still waiting for Thomas to give it his usual bulletproofing test. Still, I think it's time for other eyes to take a look. I'd appreciate any feedback you folks can provide. -Barry -------------------- snip snip -------------------- # Copyright (C) 1998,1999,2000 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. # # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or # modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License # as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 # of the License, or (at your option) any later version. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. """Portable, NFS-safe file locking with timeouts. This code implements an NFS-safe file-based locking algorithm influenced by the GNU/Linux open(2) manpage, under the description of the O_EXCL option. >From RH6.1: [...] O_EXCL is broken on NFS file systems, programs which rely on it for performing locking tasks will contain a race condition. The solution for performing atomic file locking using a lockfile is to create a unique file on the same fs (e.g., incorporating hostname and pid), use link(2) to make a link to the lockfile. If link() returns 0, the lock is successful. Otherwise, use stat(2) on the unique file to check if its link count has increased to 2, in which case the lock is also successful. The assumption made here is that there will be no `outside interference', e.g. no agent external to this code will have access to link() to the affected lock files. LockFile objects support lock-breaking so that you can't wedge a process forever. This is especially helpful in a web environment, but may not be appropriate for all applications. Locks have a `lifetime', which is the maximum length of time the process expects to retain the lock. It is important to pick a good number here because other processes will not break an existing lock until the expected lifetime has expired. Too long and other processes will hang; too short and you'll end up trampling on existing process locks -- and possibly corrupting data. In a distributed (NFS) environment, you also need to make sure that your clocks are properly synchronized. Locks can also log their state to a log file. When running under Mailman, the log file is placed in a Mailman-specific location, otherwise, the log file is called `LockFile.log' and placed in the temp directory (calculated from tempfile.mktemp()). """ # This code has undergone several revisions, with contributions from Barry # Warsaw, Thomas Wouters, Harald Meland, and John Viega. It should also work # well outside of Mailman so it could be used for other Python projects # requiring file locking. See the __main__ section at the bottom of the file # for unit testing. import os import socket import time import errno import random from stat import ST_NLINK, ST_MTIME # Units are floating-point seconds. DEFAULT_LOCK_LIFETIME = 15 # Allowable a bit of clock skew CLOCK_SLOP = 10 # Figure out what logfile to use. This is different depending on whether # we're running in a Mailman context or not. _logfile = None def _create_logfile(): try: from Mailman.Logging.StampedLogger import StampedLogger return StampedLogger('locks') except ImportError: # not running inside Mailman import tempfile dir = os.path.split(tempfile.mktemp())[0] path = os.path.join(dir, 'LockFile.log') # open in line-buffered mode class SimpleUserFile: def __init__(self, path): self.__fp = open(path, 'a', 1) self.__prefix = '(%d) ' % os.getpid() def write(self, msg): now = '%.3f' % time.time() self.__fp.write(self.__prefix + now + ' ' + msg) return SimpleUserFile(path) # Exceptions that can be raised by this module class LockError(Exception): """Base class for all exceptions in this module.""" class AlreadyLockedError(LockError): """An attempt is made to lock an already locked object.""" class NotLockedError(LockError): """An attempt is made to unlock an object that isn't locked.""" class TimeOutError(LockError): """The timeout interval elapsed before the lock succeeded.""" class LockFile: """A portable way to lock resources by way of the file system. This class supports the following methods: __init__(lockfile[, lifetime[, withlogging]]): Create the resource lock using lockfile as the global lock file. Each process laying claim to this resource lock will create their own temporary lock files based on the path specified by lockfile. Optional lifetime is the number of seconds the process expects to hold the lock. Optional withlogging, when true, turns on lockfile logging (see the module docstring for details). set_lifetime(lifetime): Set a new lock lifetime. This takes affect the next time the file is locked, but does not refresh a locked file. get_lifetime(): Return the lock's lifetime. refresh([newlifetime[, unconditionally]]): Refreshes the lifetime of a locked file. Use this if you realize that you need to keep a resource locked longer than you thought. With optional newlifetime, set the lock's lifetime. Raises NotLockedError if the lock is not set, unless optional unconditionally flag is set to true. lock([timeout]): Acquire the lock. This blocks until the lock is acquired unless optional timeout is greater than 0, in which case, a TimeOutError is raised when timeout number of seconds (or possibly more) expires without lock acquisition. Raises AlreadyLockedError if the lock is already set. unlock([unconditionally]): Relinquishes the lock. Raises a NotLockedError if the lock is not set, unless optional unconditionally is true. locked(): Return 1 if the lock is set, otherwise 0. To avoid race conditions, this refreshes the lock (on set locks). """ def __init__(self, lockfile, lifetime=DEFAULT_LOCK_LIFETIME, withlogging=0): """Create the resource lock using lockfile as the global lock file. Each process laying claim to this resource lock will create their own temporary lock files based on the path specified by lockfile. Optional lifetime is the number of seconds the process expects to hold the lock. Optional withlogging, when true, turns on lockfile logging (see the module docstring for details). """ self.__lockfile = lockfile self.__lifetime = lifetime self.__tmpfname = '%s.%s.%d' % ( lockfile, socket.gethostname(), os.getpid()) self.__withlogging = withlogging self.__logprefix = os.path.split(self.__lockfile)[1] def set_lifetime(self, lifetime): """Set a new lock lifetime. This takes affect the next time the file is locked, but does not refresh a locked file. """ self.__lifetime = lifetime def get_lifetime(self): """Return the lock's lifetime.""" return self.__lifetime def refresh(self, newlifetime=None, unconditionally=0): """Refreshes the lifetime of a locked file. Use this if you realize that you need to keep a resource locked longer than you thought. With optional newlifetime, set the lock's lifetime. Raises NotLockedError if the lock is not set, unless optional unconditionally flag is set to true. """ if newlifetime is not None: self.set_lifetime(newlifetime) # Do we have the lock? As a side effect, this refreshes the lock! if not self.locked() and not unconditionally: raise NotLockedError def lock(self, timeout=0): """Acquire the lock. This blocks until the lock is acquired unless optional timeout is greater than 0, in which case, a TimeOutError is raised when timeout number of seconds (or possibly more) expires without lock acquisition. Raises AlreadyLockedError if the lock is already set. """ if timeout: timeout_time = time.time() + timeout # Make sure my temp lockfile exists, and that its contents are # up-to-date (e.g. the temp file name, and the lock lifetime). self.__write() self.__touch() self.__writelog('laying claim') # for quieting the logging output loopcount = -1 while 1: loopcount = loopcount + 1 # Create the hard link and test for exactly 2 links to the file try: os.link(self.__tmpfname, self.__lockfile) # If we got here, we know we know we got the lock, and never # had it before, so we're done. Just touch it again for the # fun of it. self.__writelog('got the lock') self.__touch() break except OSError, e: # The link failed for some reason, possibly because someone # else already has the lock (i.e. we got an EEXIST), or for # some other bizarre reason. if e.errno == errno.ENOENT: # TBD: in some Linux environments, it is possible to get # an ENOENT, which is truly strange, because this means # that self.__tmpfname doesn't exist at the time of the # os.link(), but self.__write() is supposed to guarantee # that this happens! I don't honestly know why this # happens, but for now we just say we didn't acquire the # lock, and try again next time. pass elif e.errno <> errno.EEXIST: # Something very bizarre happened. Clean up our state and # pass the error on up. self.__writelog('unexpected link error: %s' % e) os.unlink(self.__tmpfname) raise elif self.__linkcount() <> 2: # Somebody's messin' with us! Log this, and try again # later. TBD: should we raise an exception? self.__writelog('unexpected linkcount <> 2: %d' % self.__linkcount()) elif self.__read() == self.__tmpfname: # It was us that already had the link. self.__writelog('already locked') os.unlink(self.__tmpfname) raise AlreadyLockedError # otherwise, someone else has the lock pass # We did not acquire the lock, because someone else already has # it. Have we timed out in our quest for the lock? if timeout and timeout_time < time.time(): os.unlink(self.__tmpfname) self.__writelog('timed out') raise TimeOutError # Okay, we haven't timed out, but we didn't get the lock. Let's # find if the lock lifetime has expired. if time.time() > self.__releasetime() + CLOCK_SLOP: # Yes, so break the lock. self.__break() self.__writelog('lifetime has expired, breaking') # Okay, someone else has the lock, our claim hasn't timed out yet, # and the expected lock lifetime hasn't expired yet. So let's # wait a while for the owner of the lock to give it up. elif not loopcount % 100: self.__writelog('waiting for claim') self.__sleep() def unlock(self, unconditionally=0): """Unlock the lock. If we don't already own the lock (either because of unbalanced unlock calls, or because the lock was stolen out from under us), raise a NotLockedError, unless optional `unconditional' is true. """ islocked = 0 try: islocked = self.locked() except OSError, e: if e.errno <> errno.ENOENT: raise if not islocked and not unconditionally: raise NotLockedError # Remove our tempfile try: os.unlink(self.__tmpfname) except OSError, e: if e.errno <> errno.ENOENT: raise # If we owned the lock, remove the global file, relinquishing it. if islocked: try: os.unlink(self.__lockfile) except OSError, e: if e.errno <> errno.ENOENT: raise self.__writelog('unlocked') def locked(self): """Returns 1 if we own the lock, 0 if we do not. Checking the status of the lockfile resets the lock's lifetime, which helps avoid race conditions during the lock status test. """ # Discourage breaking the lock for a while. self.__touch() # TBD: can the link count ever be > 2? if self.__linkcount() <> 2: return 0 return self.__read() == self.__tmpfname def finalize(self): self.unlock(unconditionally=1) def __del__(self): self.finalize() # # Private interface # def __writelog(self, msg): global _logfile if self.__withlogging: if not _logfile: _logfile = _create_logfile() _logfile.write('%s %s\n' % (self.__logprefix, msg)) def __write(self): # Make sure it's group writable oldmask = os.umask(002) try: fp = open(self.__tmpfname, 'w') fp.write(self.__tmpfname) fp.close() finally: os.umask(oldmask) def __read(self): try: fp = open(self.__lockfile) filename = fp.read() fp.close() return filename except (OSError, IOError), e: if e.errno <> errno.ENOENT: raise return None def __touch(self, filename=None): t = time.time() + self.__lifetime try: # TBD: We probably don't need to modify atime, but this is easier. os.utime(filename or self.__tmpfname, (t, t)) except OSError, e: if e.errno <> errno.ENOENT: raise def __releasetime(self): try: return os.stat(self.__lockfile)[ST_MTIME] except OSError, e: if e.errno <> errno.ENOENT: raise return -1 def __linkcount(self): try: return os.stat(self.__lockfile)[ST_NLINK] except OSError, e: if e.errno <> errno.ENOENT: raise return -1 def __break(self): # First, touch the global lock file so no other process will try to # break the lock while we're doing it. Specifically, this avoids the # race condition where we've decided to break the lock at the same # time someone else has, but between the time we made this decision # and the time we read the winner out of the global lock file, they've # gone ahead and claimed the lock. self.__touch(self.__lockfile) # Try to remove the old winner's temp file, since we're assuming the # winner process has hung or died. Don't worry too much if we can't # unlink their temp file -- this doesn't break the locking algorithm, # but will leave temp file turds laying around, a minor inconvenience. try: winner = self.__read() if winner: os.unlink(winner) except OSError, e: if e.errno <> errno.ENOENT: raise # Now remove the global lockfile, which actually breaks the lock. try: os.unlink(self.__lockfile) except OSError, e: if e.errno <> errno.ENOENT: raise def __sleep(self): interval = random.random() * 2.0 + 0.01 time.sleep(interval) # Unit test framework def _dochild(): prefix = '[%d]' % os.getpid() # Create somewhere between 1 and 1000 locks lockfile = LockFile('/tmp/LockTest', withlogging=1, lifetime=120) # Use a lock lifetime of between 1 and 15 seconds. Under normal # situations, Mailman's usage patterns (untested) shouldn't be much longer # than this. workinterval = 5 * random.random() hitwait = 20 * random.random() print prefix, 'workinterval:', workinterval islocked = 0 t0 = 0 t1 = 0 t2 = 0 try: try: t0 = time.time() print prefix, 'acquiring...' lockfile.lock() print prefix, 'acquired...' islocked = 1 except TimeOutError: print prefix, 'timed out' else: t1 = time.time() print prefix, 'acquisition time:', t1-t0, 'seconds' time.sleep(workinterval) finally: if islocked: try: lockfile.unlock() t2 = time.time() print prefix, 'lock hold time:', t2-t1, 'seconds' except NotLockedError: print prefix, 'lock was broken' # wait for next web hit print prefix, 'webhit sleep:', hitwait time.sleep(hitwait) def _onetest(): loopcount = random.randint(1, 100) for i in range(loopcount): pid = os.fork() if pid: # parent, wait for child to exit pid, status = os.waitpid(pid, 0) else: # child try: _dochild() except KeyboardInterrupt: pass os._exit(0) def _reap(kids): if not kids: return pid, status = os.waitpid(-1, os.WNOHANG) if pid <> 0: del kids[pid] def _test(numtests): kids = {} for i in range(numtests): pid = os.fork() if pid: # parent kids[pid] = pid else: # child try: import sha random.seed(sha.new(`os.getpid()`+`time.time()`).hexdigest()) _onetest() except KeyboardInterrupt: pass os._exit(0) # slightly randomize each kid's seed while kids: _reap(kids) if __name__ == '__main__': import sys import random _test(int(sys.argv[1]))

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Re: [Mailman-Developers] change the envelope sender with Sendmail.py?
by Harald Meland May 8, 2000

May 8, 2000

[Brian Edmonds] > The change is on line 91 of Handlers/Sendmail.py[1], where msg.GetSender > needs to become mlist.GetAdminEmail. As I mentioned some weeks ago on this same issue, I think it would be better to override the GetSender() method appropriately for the various subclasses of Message. If you hardcode in GetAdminEmail as envelope sender, you can get "interesting" results when combined with MTA sender verification and e.g. newly created lists. It will also cause e.g. password reminder bounces to go to some unsuspecting (public) list's admin and not to mailman-owner. -- Harald

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wrong list info in header (b1)
by Christopher Kolar May 8, 2000

May 8, 2000

Hello everyone. I am running 2.0 b1 on a server that has been through all of the upgrades since 1b6. I was looking at my mail queue this morning and I noticed something odd about some of the notes sent out with the monthly reminder. I have actually noticed this in other months previous, but never got around to reporting it. It appears that the header info on the monthly reminder reflects that the traffic is originating from a single list on the server that the person is not subscribed to. Actually, the list chi-ptech is a small defunct list, but even my large mail lists have this information in their monthly header. Here is a sample that I snagged from my queue >$snorthfield.aocn.aurora.edu >$_IDENT:mailman@northfield.aocn.aurora.edu [192.203.224.101] >S<chi-ptech-admin(a)aocn.aurora.edu> >RPFD:<ceo(a)blackberrycomputers.com> >H?P?Return-Path: <chi-ptech-admin(a)aocn.aurora.edu> >HReceived: from northfield.aocn.aurora.edu >(IDENT:mailman@northfield.aocn.aurora. >edu [192.203.224.101]) > by northfield.aocn.aurora.edu (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id FAA06641 > for <ceo(a)blackberrycomputers.com>; Mon, 1 May 2000 05:02:39 -0500 >H?D?Date: Mon, 1 May 2000 05:02:39 -0500 >H?M?Message-Id: <200005011002.FAA06641(a)northfield.aocn.aurora.edu> >HSubject: aocn.aurora.edu mailing list memberships reminder >HFrom: mailman-owner(a)aocn.aurora.edu >HTo: ceo(a)blackberrycomputers.com >HX-No-Archive: yes >HSender: chi-ptech-admin(a)aocn.aurora.edu >HErrors-To: chi-ptech-admin(a)aocn.aurora.edu >HX-BeenThere: chi-ptech(a)aocn.aurora.edu >HX-Mailman-Version: 2.0beta1 >HPrecedence: bulk >HList-Id: List for discussion of technology in Chicago-area parochial >schools. <c >hi-ptech.aocn.aurora.edu> >. This person is not a member of chi-ptech, but is a member of a list called gacc-tech. The body of the message reflects the actual list membership, but I am confused as to why the header and errors-to info is set to the other list. As I said, this is true for all users for all of my lists. Is the point that the monthly reminder all originates from a legitimate admin address that is picked in some arbitrary way? Thanks in advance, and sorry if this has been covered before. --chris

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