I don't think c++ has any significant advantage over c for high performance libraries. I am not convinced by the number of people argument either: it is not my experience that c++ is easier to maintain in a open source context, where the level of people is far from consistent. I doubt many people did not contribute to numoy because it is in c instead if c++. While this is somehow subjective, there are reasons that c is much more common than c++ in that context. I would much rather move most part to cython to solve subtle ref counting issues, typically. The only way that i know of to have a stable and usable abi is to wrap the c++ code in c. Wrapping c++ libraries in python has always been a pain in my experience. How are template or exceptions handled across languages ? it will also be a significant issue on windows with open source compilers. Interestingly, the api from clang exported to other languages is in c... David Le 17 févr. 2012 18:21, "Mark Wiebe" <mwwiebe@gmail.com> a écrit :
On Fri, Feb 17, 2012 at 11:52 AM, Eric Firing <efiring@hawaii.edu> wrote:
On 02/17/2012 05:39 AM, Charles R Harris wrote:
On Fri, Feb 17, 2012 at 8:01 AM, David Cournapeau <cournape@gmail.com <mailto:cournape@gmail.com>> wrote:
Hi Travis,
On Thu, Feb 16, 2012 at 10:39 PM, Travis Oliphant <travis@continuum.io <mailto:travis@continuum.io>> wrote: > Mark Wiebe and I have been discussing off and on (as well as talking with Charles) a good way forward to balance two competing desires: > > * addition of new features that are needed in NumPy > * improving the code-base generally and moving towards a more maintainable NumPy > > I know there are load voices for just focusing on the second of these and avoiding the first until we have finished that. I recognize the need to improve the code base, but I will also be pushing for improvements to the feature-set and user experience in the process. > > As a result, I am proposing a rough outline for releases over
next year: > > * NumPy 1.7 to come out as soon as the serious bugs can
be
eliminated. Bryan, Francesc, Mark, and I are able to help triage some of those. > > * NumPy 1.8 to come out in July which will have as many ABI-compatible feature enhancements as we can add while improving test coverage and code cleanup. I will post to this list more details of what we plan to address with it later. Included for possible inclusion are: > * resolving the NA/missing-data issues > * finishing group-by > * incorporating the start of label arrays > * incorporating a meta-object > * a few new dtypes (variable-length string, varialbe-length unicode and an enum type) > * adding ufunc support for flexible dtypes and possibly structured arrays > * allowing generalized ufuncs to work on more kinds of arrays besides just contiguous > * improving the ability for NumPy to receive
JIT-generated
function pointers for ufuncs and other calculation opportunities > * adding "filters" to Input and Output > * simple computed fields for dtypes > * accepting a Data-Type specification as a class or JSON
file
> * work towards improving the dtype-addition mechanism > * re-factoring of code so that it can compile with a C++ compiler and be minimally dependent on Python data-structures.
This is a pretty exciting list of features. What is the rationale
for
code being compiled as C++ ? IMO, it will be difficult to do so without preventing useful C constructs, and without removing some
of
the existing features (like our use of C99 complex). The subset
is both C and C++ compatible is quite constraining.
I'm in favor of this myself, C++ would allow a lot code cleanup and
make
it easier to provide an extensible base, I think it would be a natural fit with numpy. Of course, some C++ projects become tangled messes of inheritance, but I'd be very interested in seeing what a good C++ designer like Mark, intimately familiar with the numpy code base, could do. This opportunity might not come by again anytime soon and I think we should grab onto it. The initial step would be a release whose code
would compile in both C/C++, which mostly comes down to removing C++ keywords like 'new'.
I did suggest running it by you for build issues, so please raise any you can think of. Note that MatPlotLib is in C++, so I don't think the problems are insurmountable. And choosing a set of compilers to support is something that will need to be done.
It's true that matplotlib relies heavily on C++, both via the Agg library and in its own extension code. Personally, I don't like this; I think it raises the barrier to contributing. C++ is an order of magnitude more complicated than C--harder to read, and much harder to write, unless one is a true expert. In mpl it brings reliance on the CXX library, which Mike D. has had to help maintain. And if it does increase compiler specificity, that's bad.
This gets to the recruitment issue, which is one of the most important
the that that problems I see numpy facing. I personally have contributed a lot of code to NumPy *in spite of* the fact it's in C. NumPy being in C instead of C++ was the biggest negative point when I considered whether it was worth contributing to the project. I suspect there are many programmers out there who are skilled in low-level, high-performance C++, who would be willing to contribute, but don't want to code in C.
I believe NumPy should be trying to find people who want to make high
performance, close to the metal, libraries. This is a very different type of programmer than one who wants to program in Python, but is willing to dabble in a lower level language to make something run faster. High performance library development is one of the things the C++ developer community does very well, and that community is where we have a good chance of finding the programmers NumPy needs.
I would much rather see development in the direction of sticking with C where direct low-level control and speed are needed, and using cython to gain higher level language benefits where appropriate. Of course, that brings in the danger of reliance on another complex tool, cython. If that danger is considered excessive, then just stick with C.
There are many small benefits C++ can offer, even if numpy chooses only
to use a tiny subset of the C++ language. For example, RAII can be used to reliably eliminate PyObject reference leaks.
Consider a regression like this: http://mail.scipy.org/pipermail/numpy-discussion/2011-July/057831.html
Fixing this in C would require switching all the relevant usages of
NPY_MAXARGS to use a dynamic memory allocation. This brings with it the potential of easily introducing a memory leak, and is a lot of work to do. In C++, this functionality could be placed inside a class, where the deterministic construction/destruction semantics eliminate the risk of memory leaks and make the code easier to read at the same time. There are other examples like this where the C language has forced a suboptimal design choice because of how hard it would be to do it better.
Cheers, Mark
Eric
Chuck
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