It seems to be agreed that there are weaknesses in the existing Numpy Matrix Class. Some problems are illustrated below. I'll try to put some suggestions over the coming weeks and would appreciate comments. Colin W. Test Script: if __name__ == '__main__': a= mat([4, 5, 6]) # Good print('a: ', a) b= mat([4, '5', 6]) # Not the expected result print('b: ', b) c= mat([[4, 5, 6], [7, 8]]) # Wrongly accepted as rectangular print('c: ', c) d= mat([[1, 2, 3]]) try: d[0, 1]= 'b' # Correctly flagged, not numeric except ValueError: print("d[0, 1]= 'b' # Correctly flagged, not numeric", ' ValueError') print('d: ', d) Result: *** Python 2.7.9 (default, Dec 10 2014, 12:28:03) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32. ***
a: [[4 5 6]] b: [['4' '5' '6']] c: [[[4, 5, 6] [7, 8]]] d[0, 1]= 'b' # Correctly flagged, not numeric ValueError d: [[1 2 3]]
-- View this message in context: http://numpy-discussion.10968.n7.nabble.com/Matrix-Class-tp39719.html Sent from the Numpy-discussion mailing list archive at Nabble.com.
So:
In [2]: np.mat([4,'5',6])
Out[2]:
matrix([['4', '5', '6']], dtype='
It seems to be agreed that there are weaknesses in the existing Numpy Matrix Class.
Some problems are illustrated below.
I'll try to put some suggestions over the coming weeks and would appreciate comments.
Colin W.
Test Script:
if __name__ == '__main__': a= mat([4, 5, 6]) # Good print('a: ', a) b= mat([4, '5', 6]) # Not the expected result print('b: ', b) c= mat([[4, 5, 6], [7, 8]]) # Wrongly accepted as rectangular print('c: ', c) d= mat([[1, 2, 3]]) try: d[0, 1]= 'b' # Correctly flagged, not numeric except ValueError: print("d[0, 1]= 'b' # Correctly flagged, not numeric", ' ValueError') print('d: ', d)
Result:
*** Python 2.7.9 (default, Dec 10 2014, 12:28:03) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32. ***
a: [[4 5 6]] b: [['4' '5' '6']] c: [[[4, 5, 6] [7, 8]]] d[0, 1]= 'b' # Correctly flagged, not numeric ValueError d: [[1 2 3]]
-- View this message in context: http://numpy-discussion.10968.n7.nabble.com/Matrix-Class-tp39719.html Sent from the Numpy-discussion mailing list archive at Nabble.com. _______________________________________________ NumPy-Discussion mailing list NumPy-Discussion@scipy.org http://mail.scipy.org/mailman/listinfo/numpy-discussion
On Di, 2015-02-10 at 15:07 -0700, cjw wrote:
It seems to be agreed that there are weaknesses in the existing Numpy Matrix Class.
Some problems are illustrated below.
Not to delve deeply into a discussion, but unfortunately, there seem far more fundamental problems because of the always 2-D thing and the simple fact that matrix is more of a second class citizen in numpy (or in other words a lot of this is just the general fact that it is an ndarray subclass). I think some of these issues were summarized in the discussion about the @ operator. I am not saying that a matrix class separate from numpy cannot solve these, but within numpy it seems hard.
I'll try to put some suggestions over the coming weeks and would appreciate comments.
Colin W.
Test Script:
if __name__ == '__main__': a= mat([4, 5, 6]) # Good print('a: ', a) b= mat([4, '5', 6]) # Not the expected result print('b: ', b) c= mat([[4, 5, 6], [7, 8]]) # Wrongly accepted as rectangular print('c: ', c) d= mat([[1, 2, 3]]) try: d[0, 1]= 'b' # Correctly flagged, not numeric except ValueError: print("d[0, 1]= 'b' # Correctly flagged, not numeric", ' ValueError') print('d: ', d)
Result:
*** Python 2.7.9 (default, Dec 10 2014, 12:28:03) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32. ***
a: [[4 5 6]] b: [['4' '5' '6']] c: [[[4, 5, 6] [7, 8]]] d[0, 1]= 'b' # Correctly flagged, not numeric ValueError d: [[1 2 3]]
-- View this message in context: http://numpy-discussion.10968.n7.nabble.com/Matrix-Class-tp39719.html Sent from the Numpy-discussion mailing list archive at Nabble.com. _______________________________________________ NumPy-Discussion mailing list NumPy-Discussion@scipy.org http://mail.scipy.org/mailman/listinfo/numpy-discussion
Just recalling the one-year-ago discussion: http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.numeric.general/56494 Alan Isaac
On Mi, 2015-02-11 at 11:38 -0500, cjw wrote:
On 11-Feb-15 10:47 AM, Sebastian Berg wrote:
On Di, 2015-02-10 at 15:07 -0700, cjw wrote:
It seems to be agreed that there are weaknesses in the existing Numpy Matrix Class.
Some problems are illustrated below.
Not to delve deeply into a discussion, but unfortunately, there seem far more fundamental problems because of the always 2-D thing and the simple fact that matrix is more of a second class citizen in numpy (or in other words a lot of this is just the general fact that it is an ndarray subclass). Thanks Sebastian,
We'll have to see what comes out of the discussion.
I would be grateful if you could expand on the "always 2D thing". Is there a need for a collection of matrices, where a function is applied to each component of the collection?
No, I just mean the fact that a matrix is always 2D. This makes some things like some indexing operations awkward and some functions that expect a numpy array (but think they can handle subclasses fine) may just plain brake. And then ndarray subclasses are just a bit problematic.... In short, you cannot generally expect a function which works great with arrays to also work great with matrices, I believe. this is true for some things within numpy and certainly for third party libraries I am sure. - Sebastian
Colin W.
I think some of these issues were summarized in the discussion about the @ operator. I am not saying that a matrix class separate from numpy cannot solve these, but within numpy it seems hard.
I'll try to put some suggestions over the coming weeks and would appreciate comments.
Colin W.
Test Script:
if __name__ == '__main__': a= mat([4, 5, 6]) # Good print('a: ', a) b= mat([4, '5', 6]) # Not the expected result print('b: ', b) c= mat([[4, 5, 6], [7, 8]]) # Wrongly accepted as rectangular print('c: ', c) d= mat([[1, 2, 3]]) try: d[0, 1]= 'b' # Correctly flagged, not numeric except ValueError: print("d[0, 1]= 'b' # Correctly flagged, not numeric", ' ValueError') print('d: ', d)
Result:
*** Python 2.7.9 (default, Dec 10 2014, 12:28:03) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32. *** a: [[4 5 6]] b: [['4' '5' '6']] c: [[[4, 5, 6] [7, 8]]] d[0, 1]= 'b' # Correctly flagged, not numeric ValueError d: [[1 2 3]]
-- View this message in context: http://numpy-discussion.10968.n7.nabble.com/Matrix-Class-tp39719.html Sent from the Numpy-discussion mailing list archive at Nabble.com. _______________________________________________ NumPy-Discussion mailing list NumPy-Discussion@scipy.org http://mail.scipy.org/mailman/listinfo/numpy-discussion
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On Wed, Feb 11, 2015 at 9:19 AM, Sebastian Berg
On Mi, 2015-02-11 at 11:38 -0500, cjw wrote: No, I just mean the fact that a matrix is always 2D. This makes some things like some indexing operations awkward and some functions that expect a numpy array (but think they can handle subclasses fine) may just plain brake. And then ndarray subclasses are just a bit problematic....
Indeed. In my opinion, a "fixed" version of np.matrix should (1) not be a np.ndarray subclass and (2) exist in a third party library not numpy itself. I don't think it's really feasible to fix np.matrix in its current state as an ndarray subclass, but even a fixed matrix class doesn't really belong in numpy itself, which has too long release cycles and compatibility guarantees for experimentation -- not to mention that the mere existence of the matrix class in numpy leads new users astray. If you're really excited about using matrix objects, I really would recommend starting a new project to implement the functionality (or maybe such a project already exists -- I don't know). Numpy has some excellent hooks for non-ndarray ndarray-like objects, so it's pretty straightforward to integrate with numpy ufuncs, etc.
On 2/11/2015 2:25 PM, cjw wrote:
I think of the matrix as a numeric object. What would the case be for having a Boolean matrix?
It's one of my primary uses: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjacency_matrix Numpy alread provides SVD: http://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.linalg.svd.html A lot of core linear algebra is in `numpy.linalg`, and SciPy has much more. Remember for matrix `M` you can always apply any numpy function to `M.A`. I think gains could be in lazy evaluation structures (e.g., a KroneckerProduct object that never actually produces the product unless forced to.) Cheers, Alan
11.02.2015, 21:57, Alan G Isaac kirjoitti: [clip]
I think gains could be in lazy evaluation structures (e.g., a KroneckerProduct object that never actually produces the product unless forced to.)
This sounds like an abstract linear operator interface. Several attempts have been made to this direction in Python world, but I think none of them has really gained traction so far. One is even in Scipy. Unfortunately, that one's design has grown organically, and it's mostly suited just for specifying inputs to sparse solvers etc. rather than abstract manipulations. If there was a popular way to deal with these objects, it could become even more popular reasonably quickly.
Colin,
I currently use Py3.4 and Numpy 1.9.1. However, I built a quick test conda
environment with Python2.7 and Numpy 1.7.0, and I get the same:
############
Python 2.7.9 |Continuum Analytics, Inc.| (default, Dec 18 2014, 16:57:52)
[MSC v
.1500 64 bit (AMD64)]
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
IPython 2.3.1 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.
Anaconda is brought to you by Continuum Analytics.
Please check out: http://continuum.io/thanks and https://binstar.org
? -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features.
%quickref -> Quick reference.
help -> Python's own help system.
object? -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.
In [1]: import numpy as np
In [2]: np.__version__
Out[2]: '1.7.0'
In [3]: np.mat([4,'5',6])
Out[3]:
matrix([['4', '5', '6']],
dtype='|S1')
In [4]: np.mat([4,'5',6], dtype=int)
Out[4]: matrix([[4, 5, 6]])
###############
As to your comment about coordinating with Statsmodels, you should see the
links in the thread that Alan posted:
http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.numeric.general/56516
http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.numeric.general/56517
Josef's comments at the time seem to echo the issues the devs (and others)
have with the matrix class. Maybe things have changed with Statsmodels.
I know I mentioned Sage and SageMathCloud before. I'll just point out that
there are folks that use this for real research problems, not just as a
pedagogical tool. They have a Matrix/vector/column_matrix class that do
what you were expecting from your problems posted above. Indeed below is a
(truncated) cut and past from a Sage Worksheet. (See
http://www.sagemath.org/doc/tutorial/tour_linalg.html)
##########
In : Matrix([1,'2',3])
Error in lines 1-1
Traceback (most recent call last):
TypeError: unable to find a common ring for all elements
In : Matrix([[1,2,3],[4,5]])
ValueError: List of rows is not valid (rows are wrong types or lengths)
In : vector([1,2,3])
(1, 2, 3)
In : column_matrix([1,2,3])
[1]
[2]
[3]
##########
Large portions of the custom code and wrappers in Sage are written in
Python. I don't think their Matrix object is a subclass of ndarray, so
perhaps you could strip out the Matrix stuff from here to make a separate
project with just the Matrix stuff, if you don't want to go through the
Sage interface.
On Wed, Feb 11, 2015 at 11:54 AM, cjw
On 11-Feb-15 10:21 AM, Ryan Nelson wrote:
So:
In [2]: np.mat([4,'5',6]) Out[2]: matrix([['4', '5', '6']], dtype='
In [3]: np.mat([4,'5',6], dtype=int) Out[3]: matrix([[4, 5, 6]])
Thanks Ryan,
We are not singing from the same hymn book.
Using PyScripter, I get:
*** Python 2.7.9 (default, Dec 10 2014, 12:28:03) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32. ***
import numpy as np print('Numpy version: ', np.__version__) ('Numpy version: ', '1.9.0')
Could you say which version you are using please?
Colin W
On Tue, Feb 10, 2015 at 5:07 PM, cjw
wrote: It seems to be agreed that there are weaknesses in the existing Numpy Matrix Class.
Some problems are illustrated below.
I'll try to put some suggestions over the coming weeks and would appreciate comments.
Colin W.
Test Script:
if __name__ == '__main__': a= mat([4, 5, 6]) # Good print('a: ', a) b= mat([4, '5', 6]) # Not the expected result print('b: ', b) c= mat([[4, 5, 6], [7, 8]]) # Wrongly accepted as rectangular print('c: ', c) d= mat([[1, 2, 3]]) try: d[0, 1]= 'b' # Correctly flagged, not numeric except ValueError: print("d[0, 1]= 'b' # Correctly flagged, not numeric", ' ValueError') print('d: ', d)
Result:
*** Python 2.7.9 (default, Dec 10 2014, 12:28:03) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32. ***
a: [[4 5 6]] b: [['4' '5' '6']] c: [[[4, 5, 6] [7, 8]]] d[0, 1]= 'b' # Correctly flagged, not numeric ValueError d: [[1 2 3]]
-- View this message in context:http://numpy-discussion.10968.n7.nabble.com/Matrix-Class-tp39719.html Sent from the Numpy-discussion mailing list archive at Nabble.com. _______________________________________________ NumPy-Discussion mailing listNumPy-Discussion@scipy.orghttp://mail.scipy.org/mailman/listinfo/numpy-discussion
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Thanks Ryan.
There are a number of good thoughts in your message. I'll try to keep
track of them.
Another respondent reported different results than mine. I'm in the
process of re-installing to check.
Colin W.
On 11 February 2015 at 16:18, Ryan Nelson
Colin,
I currently use Py3.4 and Numpy 1.9.1. However, I built a quick test conda environment with Python2.7 and Numpy 1.7.0, and I get the same:
############ Python 2.7.9 |Continuum Analytics, Inc.| (default, Dec 18 2014, 16:57:52) [MSC v .1500 64 bit (AMD64)] Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
IPython 2.3.1 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Anaconda is brought to you by Continuum Analytics. Please check out: http://continuum.io/thanks and https://binstar.org ? -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features. %quickref -> Quick reference. help -> Python's own help system. object? -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.
In [1]: import numpy as np
In [2]: np.__version__ Out[2]: '1.7.0'
In [3]: np.mat([4,'5',6]) Out[3]: matrix([['4', '5', '6']], dtype='|S1')
In [4]: np.mat([4,'5',6], dtype=int) Out[4]: matrix([[4, 5, 6]]) ###############
As to your comment about coordinating with Statsmodels, you should see the links in the thread that Alan posted: http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.numeric.general/56516 http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.numeric.general/56517 Josef's comments at the time seem to echo the issues the devs (and others) have with the matrix class. Maybe things have changed with Statsmodels.
I know I mentioned Sage and SageMathCloud before. I'll just point out that there are folks that use this for real research problems, not just as a pedagogical tool. They have a Matrix/vector/column_matrix class that do what you were expecting from your problems posted above. Indeed below is a (truncated) cut and past from a Sage Worksheet. (See http://www.sagemath.org/doc/tutorial/tour_linalg.html) ########## In : Matrix([1,'2',3]) Error in lines 1-1 Traceback (most recent call last): TypeError: unable to find a common ring for all elements
In : Matrix([[1,2,3],[4,5]]) ValueError: List of rows is not valid (rows are wrong types or lengths)
In : vector([1,2,3]) (1, 2, 3)
In : column_matrix([1,2,3]) [1] [2] [3] ##########
Large portions of the custom code and wrappers in Sage are written in Python. I don't think their Matrix object is a subclass of ndarray, so perhaps you could strip out the Matrix stuff from here to make a separate project with just the Matrix stuff, if you don't want to go through the Sage interface.
On Wed, Feb 11, 2015 at 11:54 AM, cjw
wrote: On 11-Feb-15 10:21 AM, Ryan Nelson wrote:
So:
In [2]: np.mat([4,'5',6]) Out[2]: matrix([['4', '5', '6']], dtype='
In [3]: np.mat([4,'5',6], dtype=int) Out[3]: matrix([[4, 5, 6]])
Thanks Ryan,
We are not singing from the same hymn book.
Using PyScripter, I get:
*** Python 2.7.9 (default, Dec 10 2014, 12:28:03) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32. ***
import numpy as np print('Numpy version: ', np.__version__) ('Numpy version: ', '1.9.0')
Could you say which version you are using please?
Colin W
On Tue, Feb 10, 2015 at 5:07 PM, cjw
wrote: It seems to be agreed that there are weaknesses in the existing Numpy Matrix Class.
Some problems are illustrated below.
I'll try to put some suggestions over the coming weeks and would appreciate comments.
Colin W.
Test Script:
if __name__ == '__main__': a= mat([4, 5, 6]) # Good print('a: ', a) b= mat([4, '5', 6]) # Not the expected result print('b: ', b) c= mat([[4, 5, 6], [7, 8]]) # Wrongly accepted as rectangular print('c: ', c) d= mat([[1, 2, 3]]) try: d[0, 1]= 'b' # Correctly flagged, not numeric except ValueError: print("d[0, 1]= 'b' # Correctly flagged, not numeric", ' ValueError') print('d: ', d)
Result:
*** Python 2.7.9 (default, Dec 10 2014, 12:28:03) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32. ***
a: [[4 5 6]] b: [['4' '5' '6']] c: [[[4, 5, 6] [7, 8]]] d[0, 1]= 'b' # Correctly flagged, not numeric ValueError d: [[1 2 3]]
-- View this message in context:http://numpy-discussion.10968.n7.nabble.com/Matrix-Class-tp39719.html Sent from the Numpy-discussion mailing list archive at Nabble.com. _______________________________________________ NumPy-Discussion mailing listNumPy-Discussion@scipy.orghttp://mail.scipy.org/mailman/listinfo/numpy-discussion
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On Wed, Feb 11, 2015 at 4:18 PM, Ryan Nelson
Colin,
I currently use Py3.4 and Numpy 1.9.1. However, I built a quick test conda environment with Python2.7 and Numpy 1.7.0, and I get the same:
############ Python 2.7.9 |Continuum Analytics, Inc.| (default, Dec 18 2014, 16:57:52) [MSC v .1500 64 bit (AMD64)] Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
IPython 2.3.1 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Anaconda is brought to you by Continuum Analytics. Please check out: http://continuum.io/thanks and https://binstar.org ? -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features. %quickref -> Quick reference. help -> Python's own help system. object? -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.
In [1]: import numpy as np
In [2]: np.__version__ Out[2]: '1.7.0'
In [3]: np.mat([4,'5',6]) Out[3]: matrix([['4', '5', '6']], dtype='|S1')
In [4]: np.mat([4,'5',6], dtype=int) Out[4]: matrix([[4, 5, 6]]) ###############
As to your comment about coordinating with Statsmodels, you should see the links in the thread that Alan posted: http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.numeric.general/56516 http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.numeric.general/56517 Josef's comments at the time seem to echo the issues the devs (and others) have with the matrix class. Maybe things have changed with Statsmodels.
Not changed, we have a strict policy against using np.matrix. generic efficient versions for linear operators, kronecker or sparse block matrix styly operations would be useful, but I would use array semantics, similar to using dot or linalg functions on ndarrays. Josef (long reply canceled because I'm writing too much that might only be of tangential interest or has been in some of the matrix discussion before.)
I know I mentioned Sage and SageMathCloud before. I'll just point out that there are folks that use this for real research problems, not just as a pedagogical tool. They have a Matrix/vector/column_matrix class that do what you were expecting from your problems posted above. Indeed below is a (truncated) cut and past from a Sage Worksheet. (See http://www.sagemath.org/doc/tutorial/tour_linalg.html) ########## In : Matrix([1,'2',3]) Error in lines 1-1 Traceback (most recent call last): TypeError: unable to find a common ring for all elements
In : Matrix([[1,2,3],[4,5]]) ValueError: List of rows is not valid (rows are wrong types or lengths)
In : vector([1,2,3]) (1, 2, 3)
In : column_matrix([1,2,3]) [1] [2] [3] ##########
Large portions of the custom code and wrappers in Sage are written in Python. I don't think their Matrix object is a subclass of ndarray, so perhaps you could strip out the Matrix stuff from here to make a separate project with just the Matrix stuff, if you don't want to go through the Sage interface.
On Wed, Feb 11, 2015 at 11:54 AM, cjw
wrote: On 11-Feb-15 10:21 AM, Ryan Nelson wrote:
So:
In [2]: np.mat([4,'5',6]) Out[2]: matrix([['4', '5', '6']], dtype='
In [3]: np.mat([4,'5',6], dtype=int) Out[3]: matrix([[4, 5, 6]])
Thanks Ryan,
We are not singing from the same hymn book.
Using PyScripter, I get:
*** Python 2.7.9 (default, Dec 10 2014, 12:28:03) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32. ***
import numpy as np print('Numpy version: ', np.__version__) ('Numpy version: ', '1.9.0')
Could you say which version you are using please?
Colin W
On Tue, Feb 10, 2015 at 5:07 PM, cjw
wrote: It seems to be agreed that there are weaknesses in the existing Numpy Matrix Class.
Some problems are illustrated below.
I'll try to put some suggestions over the coming weeks and would appreciate comments.
Colin W.
Test Script:
if __name__ == '__main__': a= mat([4, 5, 6]) # Good print('a: ', a) b= mat([4, '5', 6]) # Not the expected result print('b: ', b) c= mat([[4, 5, 6], [7, 8]]) # Wrongly accepted as rectangular print('c: ', c) d= mat([[1, 2, 3]]) try: d[0, 1]= 'b' # Correctly flagged, not numeric except ValueError: print("d[0, 1]= 'b' # Correctly flagged, not numeric", ' ValueError') print('d: ', d)
Result:
*** Python 2.7.9 (default, Dec 10 2014, 12:28:03) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32. ***
a: [[4 5 6]] b: [['4' '5' '6']] c: [[[4, 5, 6] [7, 8]]] d[0, 1]= 'b' # Correctly flagged, not numeric ValueError d: [[1 2 3]]
-- View this message in context: http://numpy-discussion.10968.n7.nabble.com/Matrix-Class-tp39719.html Sent from the Numpy-discussion mailing list archive at Nabble.com. _______________________________________________ NumPy-Discussion mailing list NumPy-Discussion@scipy.org http://mail.scipy.org/mailman/listinfo/numpy-discussion
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On 14-Feb-15 11:35 AM, josef.pktd@gmail.com wrote:
On Wed, Feb 11, 2015 at 4:18 PM, Ryan Nelson
wrote: Colin,
I currently use Py3.4 and Numpy 1.9.1. However, I built a quick test conda environment with Python2.7 and Numpy 1.7.0, and I get the same:
############ Python 2.7.9 |Continuum Analytics, Inc.| (default, Dec 18 2014, 16:57:52) [MSC v .1500 64 bit (AMD64)] Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
IPython 2.3.1 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Anaconda is brought to you by Continuum Analytics. Please check out: http://continuum.io/thanks and https://binstar.org ? -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features. %quickref -> Quick reference. help -> Python's own help system. object? -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.
In [1]: import numpy as np
In [2]: np.__version__ Out[2]: '1.7.0'
In [3]: np.mat([4,'5',6]) Out[3]: matrix([['4', '5', '6']], dtype='|S1')
In [4]: np.mat([4,'5',6], dtype=int) Out[4]: matrix([[4, 5, 6]]) ###############
As to your comment about coordinating with Statsmodels, you should see the links in the thread that Alan posted: http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.numeric.general/56516 http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.numeric.general/56517 Josef's comments at the time seem to echo the issues the devs (and others) have with the matrix class. Maybe things have changed with Statsmodels. Not changed, we have a strict policy against using np.matrix.
generic efficient versions for linear operators, kronecker or sparse block matrix styly operations would be useful, but I would use array semantics, similar to using dot or linalg functions on ndarrays.
Josef (long reply canceled because I'm writing too much that might only be of tangential interest or has been in some of the matrix discussion before.) Josef,
Many thanks. I have gained the impression that there is some antipathy to np.matrix, perhaps this is because, as others have suggested, the array doesn't provide an appropriate framework. Where are such policy decisions documented? Numpy doesn't appear to have a BDFL. I had read Alan's links back in February and now have note of them. Colin W.
I know I mentioned Sage and SageMathCloud before. I'll just point out that there are folks that use this for real research problems, not just as a pedagogical tool. They have a Matrix/vector/column_matrix class that do what you were expecting from your problems posted above. Indeed below is a (truncated) cut and past from a Sage Worksheet. (See http://www.sagemath.org/doc/tutorial/tour_linalg.html) ########## In : Matrix([1,'2',3]) Error in lines 1-1 Traceback (most recent call last): TypeError: unable to find a common ring for all elements
In : Matrix([[1,2,3],[4,5]]) ValueError: List of rows is not valid (rows are wrong types or lengths)
In : vector([1,2,3]) (1, 2, 3)
In : column_matrix([1,2,3]) [1] [2] [3] ##########
Large portions of the custom code and wrappers in Sage are written in Python. I don't think their Matrix object is a subclass of ndarray, so perhaps you could strip out the Matrix stuff from here to make a separate project with just the Matrix stuff, if you don't want to go through the Sage interface.
On Wed, Feb 11, 2015 at 11:54 AM, cjw
wrote: On 11-Feb-15 10:21 AM, Ryan Nelson wrote:
So:
In [2]: np.mat([4,'5',6]) Out[2]: matrix([['4', '5', '6']], dtype='
In [3]: np.mat([4,'5',6], dtype=int) Out[3]: matrix([[4, 5, 6]])
Thanks Ryan,
We are not singing from the same hymn book.
Using PyScripter, I get:
*** Python 2.7.9 (default, Dec 10 2014, 12:28:03) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32. ***
import numpy as np print('Numpy version: ', np.__version__) ('Numpy version: ', '1.9.0') Could you say which version you are using please?
Colin W
On Tue, Feb 10, 2015 at 5:07 PM, cjw
wrote: It seems to be agreed that there are weaknesses in the existing Numpy Matrix Class.
Some problems are illustrated below.
I'll try to put some suggestions over the coming weeks and would appreciate comments.
Colin W.
Test Script:
if __name__ == '__main__': a= mat([4, 5, 6]) # Good print('a: ', a) b= mat([4, '5', 6]) # Not the expected result print('b: ', b) c= mat([[4, 5, 6], [7, 8]]) # Wrongly accepted as rectangular print('c: ', c) d= mat([[1, 2, 3]]) try: d[0, 1]= 'b' # Correctly flagged, not numeric except ValueError: print("d[0, 1]= 'b' # Correctly flagged, not numeric", ' ValueError') print('d: ', d)
Result:
*** Python 2.7.9 (default, Dec 10 2014, 12:28:03) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32. ***
a: [[4 5 6]] b: [['4' '5' '6']] c: [[[4, 5, 6] [7, 8]]] d[0, 1]= 'b' # Correctly flagged, not numeric ValueError d: [[1 2 3]]
-- View this message in context: http://numpy-discussion.10968.n7.nabble.com/Matrix-Class-tp39719.html Sent from the Numpy-discussion mailing list archive at Nabble.com. _______________________________________________ NumPy-Discussion mailing list NumPy-Discussion@scipy.org http://mail.scipy.org/mailman/listinfo/numpy-discussion
_______________________________________________ NumPy-Discussion mailing list NumPy-Discussion@scipy.org http://mail.scipy.org/mailman/listinfo/numpy-discussion
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On Sat, Feb 14, 2015 at 12:05 PM, cjw
On 14-Feb-15 11:35 AM, josef.pktd@gmail.com wrote:
On Wed, Feb 11, 2015 at 4:18 PM, Ryan Nelson
wrote: Colin,
I currently use Py3.4 and Numpy 1.9.1. However, I built a quick test conda environment with Python2.7 and Numpy 1.7.0, and I get the same:
############ Python 2.7.9 |Continuum Analytics, Inc.| (default, Dec 18 2014, 16:57:52) [MSC v .1500 64 bit (AMD64)] Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
IPython 2.3.1 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Anaconda is brought to you by Continuum Analytics. Please check out: http://continuum.io/thanks and https://binstar.org ? -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features. %quickref -> Quick reference. help -> Python's own help system. object? -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.
In [1]: import numpy as np
In [2]: np.__version__ Out[2]: '1.7.0'
In [3]: np.mat([4,'5',6]) Out[3]: matrix([['4', '5', '6']], dtype='|S1')
In [4]: np.mat([4,'5',6], dtype=int) Out[4]: matrix([[4, 5, 6]]) ###############
As to your comment about coordinating with Statsmodels, you should see the links in the thread that Alan posted: http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.numeric.general/56516 http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.numeric.general/56517 Josef's comments at the time seem to echo the issues the devs (and others) have with the matrix class. Maybe things have changed with Statsmodels.
Not changed, we have a strict policy against using np.matrix.
generic efficient versions for linear operators, kronecker or sparse block matrix styly operations would be useful, but I would use array semantics, similar to using dot or linalg functions on ndarrays.
Josef (long reply canceled because I'm writing too much that might only be of tangential interest or has been in some of the matrix discussion before.)
Josef,
Many thanks. I have gained the impression that there is some antipathy to np.matrix, perhaps this is because, as others have suggested, the array doesn't provide an appropriate framework.
It's not directly antipathy, it's cost-benefit analysis. np.matrix has few advantages, but makes reading and maintaining code much more difficult. Having to watch out for multiplication `*` is a lot of extra work. Checking shapes and fixing bugs with unexpected dtypes is also a lot of work, but we have large benefits. For a long time the policy in statsmodels was to keep pandas out of the core of functions (i.e. out of the actual calculations) and restrict it to inputs and returns. However, pandas is becoming more popular and can do some things much better than plain numpy, so it is slowly moving inside some of our core calculations. It's still an easy source of bugs, but we do gain something. Benefits like these don't exist for np.matrix.
Where are such policy decisions documented? Numpy doesn't appear to have a BDFL.
In general it's a mix of mailing list discussions and discussion in issues and PRs. I'm not directly involved in numpy and don't subscribe to the numpy's github notifications. For scipy (and partially for statsmodels): I think large parts of policies for code and workflow are not explicitly specified, but are more an understanding of maintainers and developers that can slowly change over time, build up through spread out discussion as temporary consensus (or without strong objections). scipy has a hacking text file to describe some of it, but I haven't read it in ages. (long term changes compared to 6 years ago: required code review and required test coverage.) Josef
I had read Alan's links back in February and now have note of them.
Colin W.
I know I mentioned Sage and SageMathCloud before. I'll just point out that there are folks that use this for real research problems, not just as a pedagogical tool. They have a Matrix/vector/column_matrix class that do what you were expecting from your problems posted above. Indeed below is a (truncated) cut and past from a Sage Worksheet. (See http://www.sagemath.org/doc/tutorial/tour_linalg.html) ########## In : Matrix([1,'2',3]) Error in lines 1-1 Traceback (most recent call last): TypeError: unable to find a common ring for all elements
In : Matrix([[1,2,3],[4,5]]) ValueError: List of rows is not valid (rows are wrong types or lengths)
In : vector([1,2,3]) (1, 2, 3)
In : column_matrix([1,2,3]) [1] [2] [3] ##########
Large portions of the custom code and wrappers in Sage are written in Python. I don't think their Matrix object is a subclass of ndarray, so perhaps you could strip out the Matrix stuff from here to make a separate project with just the Matrix stuff, if you don't want to go through the Sage interface.
On Wed, Feb 11, 2015 at 11:54 AM, cjw
wrote: On 11-Feb-15 10:21 AM, Ryan Nelson wrote:
So:
In [2]: np.mat([4,'5',6]) Out[2]: matrix([['4', '5', '6']], dtype='
In [3]: np.mat([4,'5',6], dtype=int) Out[3]: matrix([[4, 5, 6]])
Thanks Ryan,
We are not singing from the same hymn book.
Using PyScripter, I get:
*** Python 2.7.9 (default, Dec 10 2014, 12:28:03) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32. ***
> > import numpy as np > print('Numpy version: ', np.__version__)
('Numpy version: ', '1.9.0') Could you say which version you are using please?
Colin W
On Tue, Feb 10, 2015 at 5:07 PM, cjw
wrote: It seems to be agreed that there are weaknesses in the existing Numpy Matrix Class.
Some problems are illustrated below.
I'll try to put some suggestions over the coming weeks and would appreciate comments.
Colin W.
Test Script:
if __name__ == '__main__': a= mat([4, 5, 6]) # Good print('a: ', a) b= mat([4, '5', 6]) # Not the expected result print('b: ', b) c= mat([[4, 5, 6], [7, 8]]) # Wrongly accepted as rectangular print('c: ', c) d= mat([[1, 2, 3]]) try: d[0, 1]= 'b' # Correctly flagged, not numeric except ValueError: print("d[0, 1]= 'b' # Correctly flagged, not numeric", ' ValueError') print('d: ', d)
Result:
*** Python 2.7.9 (default, Dec 10 2014, 12:28:03) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32. ***
a: [[4 5 6]] b: [['4' '5' '6']] c: [[[4, 5, 6] [7, 8]]] d[0, 1]= 'b' # Correctly flagged, not numeric ValueError d: [[1 2 3]]
-- View this message in context: http://numpy-discussion.10968.n7.nabble.com/Matrix-Class-tp39719.html Sent from the Numpy-discussion mailing list archive at Nabble.com. _______________________________________________ NumPy-Discussion mailing list NumPy-Discussion@scipy.org http://mail.scipy.org/mailman/listinfo/numpy-discussion
_______________________________________________ NumPy-Discussion mailing list NumPy-Discussion@scipy.org http://mail.scipy.org/mailman/listinfo/numpy-discussion
_______________________________________________ NumPy-Discussion mailing list NumPy-Discussion@scipy.org http://mail.scipy.org/mailman/listinfo/numpy-discussion
_______________________________________________ NumPy-Discussion mailing list NumPy-Discussion@scipy.org http://mail.scipy.org/mailman/listinfo/numpy-discussion
_______________________________________________ NumPy-Discussion mailing list NumPy-Discussion@scipy.org http://mail.scipy.org/mailman/listinfo/numpy-discussion
On Sat, Feb 14, 2015 at 12:36 PM,
On Sat, Feb 14, 2015 at 12:05 PM, cjw
wrote: On 14-Feb-15 11:35 AM, josef.pktd@gmail.com wrote:
On Wed, Feb 11, 2015 at 4:18 PM, Ryan Nelson
wrote: Colin,
I currently use Py3.4 and Numpy 1.9.1. However, I built a quick test conda environment with Python2.7 and Numpy 1.7.0, and I get the same:
############ Python 2.7.9 |Continuum Analytics, Inc.| (default, Dec 18 2014,
16:57:52)
[MSC v .1500 64 bit (AMD64)] Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
IPython 2.3.1 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Anaconda is brought to you by Continuum Analytics. Please check out: http://continuum.io/thanks and https://binstar.org ? -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features. %quickref -> Quick reference. help -> Python's own help system. object? -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.
In [1]: import numpy as np
In [2]: np.__version__ Out[2]: '1.7.0'
In [3]: np.mat([4,'5',6]) Out[3]: matrix([['4', '5', '6']], dtype='|S1')
In [4]: np.mat([4,'5',6], dtype=int) Out[4]: matrix([[4, 5, 6]]) ###############
As to your comment about coordinating with Statsmodels, you should see the links in the thread that Alan posted: http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.numeric.general/56516 http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.numeric.general/56517 Josef's comments at the time seem to echo the issues the devs (and others) have with the matrix class. Maybe things have changed with Statsmodels.
Not changed, we have a strict policy against using np.matrix.
generic efficient versions for linear operators, kronecker or sparse block matrix styly operations would be useful, but I would use array semantics, similar to using dot or linalg functions on ndarrays.
Josef (long reply canceled because I'm writing too much that might only be of tangential interest or has been in some of the matrix discussion before.)
Josef,
Many thanks. I have gained the impression that there is some antipathy to np.matrix, perhaps this is because, as others have suggested, the array doesn't provide an appropriate framework.
It's not directly antipathy, it's cost-benefit analysis.
np.matrix has few advantages, but makes reading and maintaining code much more difficult. Having to watch out for multiplication `*` is a lot of extra work.
Checking shapes and fixing bugs with unexpected dtypes is also a lot of work, but we have large benefits. For a long time the policy in statsmodels was to keep pandas out of the core of functions (i.e. out of the actual calculations) and restrict it to inputs and returns. However, pandas is becoming more popular and can do some things much better than plain numpy, so it is slowly moving inside some of our core calculations. It's still an easy source of bugs, but we do gain something.
Any bits of Pandas that might be good for numpy/scipy to steal? <snip> Chuck
On Sat, Feb 14, 2015 at 4:27 PM, Charles R Harris
On Sat, Feb 14, 2015 at 12:36 PM,
wrote: On Sat, Feb 14, 2015 at 12:05 PM, cjw
wrote: On 14-Feb-15 11:35 AM, josef.pktd@gmail.com wrote:
On Wed, Feb 11, 2015 at 4:18 PM, Ryan Nelson
wrote: Colin,
I currently use Py3.4 and Numpy 1.9.1. However, I built a quick test conda environment with Python2.7 and Numpy 1.7.0, and I get the same:
############ Python 2.7.9 |Continuum Analytics, Inc.| (default, Dec 18 2014, 16:57:52) [MSC v .1500 64 bit (AMD64)] Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
IPython 2.3.1 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Anaconda is brought to you by Continuum Analytics. Please check out: http://continuum.io/thanks and https://binstar.org ? -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features. %quickref -> Quick reference. help -> Python's own help system. object? -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.
In [1]: import numpy as np
In [2]: np.__version__ Out[2]: '1.7.0'
In [3]: np.mat([4,'5',6]) Out[3]: matrix([['4', '5', '6']], dtype='|S1')
In [4]: np.mat([4,'5',6], dtype=int) Out[4]: matrix([[4, 5, 6]]) ###############
As to your comment about coordinating with Statsmodels, you should see the links in the thread that Alan posted: http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.numeric.general/56516 http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.numeric.general/56517 Josef's comments at the time seem to echo the issues the devs (and others) have with the matrix class. Maybe things have changed with Statsmodels.
Not changed, we have a strict policy against using np.matrix.
generic efficient versions for linear operators, kronecker or sparse block matrix styly operations would be useful, but I would use array semantics, similar to using dot or linalg functions on ndarrays.
Josef (long reply canceled because I'm writing too much that might only be of tangential interest or has been in some of the matrix discussion before.)
Josef,
Many thanks. I have gained the impression that there is some antipathy to np.matrix, perhaps this is because, as others have suggested, the array doesn't provide an appropriate framework.
It's not directly antipathy, it's cost-benefit analysis.
np.matrix has few advantages, but makes reading and maintaining code much more difficult. Having to watch out for multiplication `*` is a lot of extra work.
Checking shapes and fixing bugs with unexpected dtypes is also a lot of work, but we have large benefits. For a long time the policy in statsmodels was to keep pandas out of the core of functions (i.e. out of the actual calculations) and restrict it to inputs and returns. However, pandas is becoming more popular and can do some things much better than plain numpy, so it is slowly moving inside some of our core calculations. It's still an easy source of bugs, but we do gain something.
Any bits of Pandas that might be good for numpy/scipy to steal?
I'm not a Pandas expert. Some of it comes into statsmodels because we need the data handling also inside a function, e.g. keeping track of labels, indices, and so on. Another reason is that contributors are more familiar with pandas's way of solving a problems, even if I suspect numpy would be more efficient. However, a recent change, replaces where I would have used np.unique with pandas.factorize which is supposed to be faster. https://github.com/statsmodels/statsmodels/pull/2213 Two or three years ago my numpy way of group handling (using np.unique, bincount and similar) was still faster than the pandas `apply` version, I'm not sure that's still true. And to emphasize: all our heavy stuff especially the big models still only have numpy and scipy inside (with the exception of one model waiting in a PR). Josef
<snip>
Chuck
_______________________________________________ NumPy-Discussion mailing list NumPy-Discussion@scipy.org http://mail.scipy.org/mailman/listinfo/numpy-discussion
On Sat, Feb 14, 2015 at 5:21 PM,
On Sat, Feb 14, 2015 at 4:27 PM, Charles R Harris
wrote: On Sat, Feb 14, 2015 at 12:36 PM,
wrote: On Sat, Feb 14, 2015 at 12:05 PM, cjw
wrote: On 14-Feb-15 11:35 AM, josef.pktd@gmail.com wrote:
On Wed, Feb 11, 2015 at 4:18 PM, Ryan Nelson
wrote: Colin,
I currently use Py3.4 and Numpy 1.9.1. However, I built a quick test conda environment with Python2.7 and Numpy 1.7.0, and I get the same:
############ Python 2.7.9 |Continuum Analytics, Inc.| (default, Dec 18 2014, 16:57:52) [MSC v .1500 64 bit (AMD64)] Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
IPython 2.3.1 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Anaconda is brought to you by Continuum Analytics. Please check out: http://continuum.io/thanks and
? -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features. %quickref -> Quick reference. help -> Python's own help system. object? -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra
https://binstar.org details.
In [1]: import numpy as np
In [2]: np.__version__ Out[2]: '1.7.0'
In [3]: np.mat([4,'5',6]) Out[3]: matrix([['4', '5', '6']], dtype='|S1')
In [4]: np.mat([4,'5',6], dtype=int) Out[4]: matrix([[4, 5, 6]]) ###############
As to your comment about coordinating with Statsmodels, you should
see
the links in the thread that Alan posted: http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.numeric.general/56516 http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.numeric.general/56517 Josef's comments at the time seem to echo the issues the devs (and others) have with the matrix class. Maybe things have changed with Statsmodels.
Not changed, we have a strict policy against using np.matrix.
generic efficient versions for linear operators, kronecker or sparse block matrix styly operations would be useful, but I would use array semantics, similar to using dot or linalg functions on ndarrays.
Josef (long reply canceled because I'm writing too much that might only be of tangential interest or has been in some of the matrix discussion before.)
Josef,
Many thanks. I have gained the impression that there is some antipathy to np.matrix, perhaps this is because, as others have suggested, the array doesn't provide an appropriate framework.
It's not directly antipathy, it's cost-benefit analysis.
np.matrix has few advantages, but makes reading and maintaining code much more difficult. Having to watch out for multiplication `*` is a lot of extra work.
Checking shapes and fixing bugs with unexpected dtypes is also a lot of work, but we have large benefits. For a long time the policy in statsmodels was to keep pandas out of the core of functions (i.e. out of the actual calculations) and restrict it to inputs and returns. However, pandas is becoming more popular and can do some things much better than plain numpy, so it is slowly moving inside some of our core calculations. It's still an easy source of bugs, but we do gain something.
Any bits of Pandas that might be good for numpy/scipy to steal?
I'm not a Pandas expert. Some of it comes into statsmodels because we need the data handling also inside a function, e.g. keeping track of labels, indices, and so on. Another reason is that contributors are more familiar with pandas's way of solving a problems, even if I suspect numpy would be more efficient.
However, a recent change, replaces where I would have used np.unique with pandas.factorize which is supposed to be faster. https://github.com/statsmodels/statsmodels/pull/2213
Numpy could use some form of hash table for its arraysetops, which is where pandas is getting its advantage from. It is a tricky thing though, see e.g. these timings: a = np.ranomdom.randint(10, size=1000) srs = pd.Series(a) %timeit np.unique(a) 100000 loops, best of 3: 13.2 µs per loop %timeit srs.unique() 100000 loops, best of 3: 15.6 µs per loop %timeit pd.factorize(a) 10000 loops, best of 3: 25.6 µs per loop %timeit np.unique(a, return_inverse=True) 10000 loops, best of 3: 82.5 µs per loop This last timings are with 1.9.0 an 0.14.0, so numpy doesn't have https://github.com/numpy/numpy/pull/5012 yet, which makes the operation in which numpy is slower about 2x faster. And if you need your unique values sorted, then things are more even, especially if numpy runs 2x faster: %timeit pd.factorize(a, sort=True) 10000 loops, best of 3: 36.4 µs per loop The algorithms scale differently though, so for sufficiently large data Pandas is going to win almost certainly. Not sure if they support all dtypes, nor how efficient their use of memory is. I did a toy implementation of a hash table, mimicking Python's dictionary, for numpy some time ago, see here: https://github.com/jaimefrio/numpy/commit/50b951289dfe9e2c3ef8950184090742ff... and if I remember correctly for the basic unique operations it was generally faster, both than numpy and pandas, but only by a factor of about 2x, which didn't seem to justify the effort. More complicated operations can probably benefit more, as the pd.factorize example shows. It still seems like an awful lot of work for an operation that isn't obviously needed. If Numpy attempted to have some form of groupby functionality it could make more sense. As is, not really sure. Jaime
Two or three years ago my numpy way of group handling (using np.unique, bincount and similar) was still faster than the pandas `apply` version, I'm not sure that's still true.
And to emphasize: all our heavy stuff especially the big models still only have numpy and scipy inside (with the exception of one model waiting in a PR).
Josef
<snip>
Chuck
_______________________________________________ NumPy-Discussion mailing list NumPy-Discussion@scipy.org http://mail.scipy.org/mailman/listinfo/numpy-discussion
_______________________________________________ NumPy-Discussion mailing list NumPy-Discussion@scipy.org http://mail.scipy.org/mailman/listinfo/numpy-discussion
-- (\__/) ( O.o) ( > <) Este es Conejo. Copia a Conejo en tu firma y ayúdale en sus planes de dominación mundial.
participants (11)
-
Alan G Isaac
-
Charles R Harris
-
cjw
-
Colin J. Williams
-
Jaime Fernández del Río
-
josef.pktd@gmail.com
-
Pauli Virtanen
-
R Hattersley
-
Ryan Nelson
-
Sebastian Berg
-
Stephan Hoyer