I'm working on a project where I'm embedding Python and NumPy (on Win32). For various reasons, I need to have all of my source files as C++, even though I'm not using any C++ features (just using it as a "better C"). When Visual C++ goes to link, I get the following error: Linking... vtuav_sim_wrap.obj : error LNK2005: _PyArray_API already defined in vtuav_sim.obj vtuav_sim_wrap.obj : warning LNK4006: _PyArray_API already defined in vtuav_sim.obj; second definition ignored Creating library Release/vtuav_simc.lib and object Release/vtuav_simc.exp Release/vtuav_simc.dll : fatal error LNK1169: one or more multiply defined symbols found Error executing link.exe. The error is caused by the following lines in arrayobject.h: /* C API address pointer */ #if defined(NO_IMPORT) || defined(NO_IMPORT_ARRAY) extern void **PyArray_API; #else void **PyArray_API; #define NO_PYARRAY_API #endif Because I'm including the arrayobject.h header in two different source code modules, and neither NO_IMPORT or NO_IMPORT_ARRAY are defined, the "else" clause gets executed, which causes the "multiply defined symbol" error. This also appears to be the root cause of the problems currently being discussed on the list about MacOS X. So, how can this problem be fixed? I must confess that I don't understand the code in arrayobject.h that uses PyArray_API. Any ideas? Thanks in advance . . . -- Kevin Rodgers Northrop Grumman Ryan Aeronautical krodgers@ryanaero.com "This one goes up to eleven." -- Nigel Tufnel