New function `count_unique` to generate contingency tables.
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I created a pull request (https://github.com/numpy/numpy/pull/4958) that defines the function `count_unique`. `count_unique` generates a contingency table from a collection of sequences. For example, In [7]: x = [1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2] In [8]: y = [3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5] In [9]: (xvals, yvals), counts = count_unique(x, y) In [10]: xvals Out[10]: array([1, 2]) In [11]: yvals Out[11]: array([3, 4, 5]) In [12]: counts Out[12]: array([[3, 1, 0], [1, 1, 3]]) It can be interpreted as a multi-argument generalization of `np.unique(x, return_counts=True)`. It overlaps with Pandas' `crosstab`, but I think this is a pretty fundamental counting operation that fits in numpy. Matlab's `crosstab` (http://www.mathworks.com/help/stats/crosstab.html) and R's `table` perform the same calculation (with a few more bells and whistles). For comparison, here's Pandas' `crosstab` (same `x` and `y` as above): In [28]: import pandas as pd In [29]: xs = pd.Series(x) In [30]: ys = pd.Series(y) In [31]: pd.crosstab(xs, ys) Out[31]: col_0 3 4 5 row_0 1 3 1 0 2 1 1 3 And here is R's `table`:
Is there any interest in adding this (or some variation of it) to numpy? Warren
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On Tue, Aug 12, 2014 at 11:35 AM, Warren Weckesser < warren.weckesser@gmail.com> wrote:
While searching StackOverflow in the numpy tag for "count unique", I just discovered that I basically reinvented Eelco Hoogendoorn's code in his answer to http://stackoverflow.com/questions/10741346/numpy-frequency-counts-for-uniqu.... Nice one, Eelco! Warren
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Thanks. Prompted by that stackoverflow question, and similar problems I had to deal with myself, I started working on a much more general extension to numpy's functionality in this space. Like you noted, things get a little panda-y, but I think there is a lot of panda's functionality that could or should be part of the numpy core, a robust set of grouping operations in particular. see pastebin here: http://pastebin.com/c5WLWPbp Ive posted about it on this list before, but without apparent interest; and I havnt gotten around to getting this up to professional standards yet either. But there is a lot more that could be done in this direction. Note that the count functionality in the stackoverflow answer is relatively indirect and inefficient, using the inverse_index and such. A much more efficient method is obtained by the code used here. On Tue, Aug 12, 2014 at 5:57 PM, Warren Weckesser < warren.weckesser@gmail.com> wrote:
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On Tue, Aug 12, 2014 at 11:17 AM, Eelco Hoogendoorn < hoogendoorn.eelco@gmail.com> wrote:
On a side note, this is related to a pull request of mine from awhile back: https://github.com/numpy/numpy/pull/3584 There was a lot of disagreement on the mailing list about what to call a "unique slices along a given axis" function, so I wound up closing the pull request pending more discussion. At any rate, I think it's a useful thing to have in "base" numpy.
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ah yes, that's also an issue I was trying to deal with. the semantics I prefer in these type of operators, is (as a default), to have every array be treated as a sequence of keys, so if calling unique(arr_2d), youd get unique rows, unless you pass axis=None, in which case the array is flattened. I also agree that the extension you propose here is useful; but ideally, with a little more discussion on these subjects we can converge on an even more comprehensive overhaul On Tue, Aug 12, 2014 at 6:33 PM, Joe Kington <joferkington@gmail.com> wrote:
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On Tue, Aug 12, 2014 at 12:51 PM, Eelco Hoogendoorn < hoogendoorn.eelco@gmail.com> wrote:
Update: I renamed the function to `table` in the pull request: https://github.com/numpy/numpy/pull/4958 Warren
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The ever-wonderful pylab mode in matplotlib has a table function for plotting a table of text in a plot. If I remember correctly, what would happen is that matplotlib's table() function will simply obliterate the numpy's table function. This isn't a show-stopper, I just wanted to point that out. Personally, while I wasn't a particular fan of "count_unique" because I wouldn't necessarially think of it when needing a contingency table, I do like that it is verb-ish. "table()", in this sense, is not a verb. That said, I am perfectly fine with it if you are fine with the name collision in pylab mode. On Wed, Aug 13, 2014 at 4:57 PM, Warren Weckesser < warren.weckesser@gmail.com> wrote:
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On Wed, Aug 13, 2014 at 5:15 PM, Benjamin Root <ben.root@ou.edu> wrote:
Thanks for pointing that out. I only changed it to have something that sounded more table-ish, like the Pandas, R and Matlab functions. I won't update it right now, but if there is interest in putting it into numpy, I'll rename it to avoid the pylab conflict. Anything along the lines of `crosstab`, `xtable`, etc., would be fine with me. Warren
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Its pretty easy to implement this table functionality and more on top of the code I linked above. I still think such a comprehensive overhaul of arraysetops is worth discussing. import numpy as np import grouping x = [1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2] y = [3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5] z = np.random.randint(0,2,(9,2)) def table(*keys): """ desired table implementation, building on the index object cleaner, and more functionality performance should be the same """ indices = [grouping.as_index(k, axis=0) for k in keys] uniques = [i.unique for i in indices] inverses = [i.inverse for i in indices] shape = [i.groups for i in indices] t = np.zeros(shape, np.int) np.add.at(t, inverses, 1) return tuple(uniques), t #here is how to use print table(x,y) #but we can use fancy keys as well; here a composite key and a row-key print table((x,y), z) #this effectively creates a sparse matrix equivalent of your desired table print grouping.count((x,y)) On Wed, Aug 13, 2014 at 11:25 PM, Warren Weckesser < warren.weckesser@gmail.com> wrote:
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On Wed, Aug 13, 2014 at 6:17 PM, Eelco Hoogendoorn < hoogendoorn.eelco@gmail.com> wrote:
Hey all, I'm reviving this thread about the proposed `table` enhancement in https://github.com/numpy/numpy/pull/4958, because Chuck has poked me (via the pull request ) about it, so I'm poking the mailing list. Ignoring the issue of the name for the moment, is there any opposition to adding the proposed `table` function to numpy? I don't think it would preclude adding more powerful tools later, but that's not something I have time to work on at the moment. If the only issue is the name, I'm open to any suggestions. I started with `count_unique`, and changed it to `table`, but Benjamin pointed out the potential conflict of `table` with a matplotlib function. Warren _______________________________________________
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On Sun, Jan 25, 2015 at 1:48 PM, Warren Weckesser < warren.weckesser@gmail.com> wrote:
Looks like the original email in the thread is not part of the quoted (and somewhat disordered) emails. Here's my original email from last August: http://mail.scipy.org/pipermail/numpy-discussion/2014-August/070941.html Warren
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On Tue, Aug 12, 2014 at 12:17 PM, Eelco Hoogendoorn < hoogendoorn.eelco@gmail.com> wrote:
FYI I wrote some table grouping operations (join, hstack, vstack) for numpy some time ago, available here: https://github.com/astropy/astropy/blob/v0.4.x/astropy/table/np_utils.py These are part of the astropy project but this module has no actual astropy dependencies apart from a local backport of OrderedDict for Python < 2.7. Cheers, Tom
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On Tue, Aug 12, 2014 at 11:35 AM, Warren Weckesser < warren.weckesser@gmail.com> wrote:
While searching StackOverflow in the numpy tag for "count unique", I just discovered that I basically reinvented Eelco Hoogendoorn's code in his answer to http://stackoverflow.com/questions/10741346/numpy-frequency-counts-for-uniqu.... Nice one, Eelco! Warren
![](https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/09cd8fb3ecae7d982c5bb0e1081dcf69.jpg?s=120&d=mm&r=g)
Thanks. Prompted by that stackoverflow question, and similar problems I had to deal with myself, I started working on a much more general extension to numpy's functionality in this space. Like you noted, things get a little panda-y, but I think there is a lot of panda's functionality that could or should be part of the numpy core, a robust set of grouping operations in particular. see pastebin here: http://pastebin.com/c5WLWPbp Ive posted about it on this list before, but without apparent interest; and I havnt gotten around to getting this up to professional standards yet either. But there is a lot more that could be done in this direction. Note that the count functionality in the stackoverflow answer is relatively indirect and inefficient, using the inverse_index and such. A much more efficient method is obtained by the code used here. On Tue, Aug 12, 2014 at 5:57 PM, Warren Weckesser < warren.weckesser@gmail.com> wrote:
![](https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/342bd0a61c7081db529c856d3bcd9545.jpg?s=120&d=mm&r=g)
On Tue, Aug 12, 2014 at 11:17 AM, Eelco Hoogendoorn < hoogendoorn.eelco@gmail.com> wrote:
On a side note, this is related to a pull request of mine from awhile back: https://github.com/numpy/numpy/pull/3584 There was a lot of disagreement on the mailing list about what to call a "unique slices along a given axis" function, so I wound up closing the pull request pending more discussion. At any rate, I think it's a useful thing to have in "base" numpy.
![](https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/09cd8fb3ecae7d982c5bb0e1081dcf69.jpg?s=120&d=mm&r=g)
ah yes, that's also an issue I was trying to deal with. the semantics I prefer in these type of operators, is (as a default), to have every array be treated as a sequence of keys, so if calling unique(arr_2d), youd get unique rows, unless you pass axis=None, in which case the array is flattened. I also agree that the extension you propose here is useful; but ideally, with a little more discussion on these subjects we can converge on an even more comprehensive overhaul On Tue, Aug 12, 2014 at 6:33 PM, Joe Kington <joferkington@gmail.com> wrote:
![](https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d2aafb97833979e3668c61d36e697bfc.jpg?s=120&d=mm&r=g)
On Tue, Aug 12, 2014 at 12:51 PM, Eelco Hoogendoorn < hoogendoorn.eelco@gmail.com> wrote:
Update: I renamed the function to `table` in the pull request: https://github.com/numpy/numpy/pull/4958 Warren
![](https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/09939f25b639512a537ce2c90f77f958.jpg?s=120&d=mm&r=g)
The ever-wonderful pylab mode in matplotlib has a table function for plotting a table of text in a plot. If I remember correctly, what would happen is that matplotlib's table() function will simply obliterate the numpy's table function. This isn't a show-stopper, I just wanted to point that out. Personally, while I wasn't a particular fan of "count_unique" because I wouldn't necessarially think of it when needing a contingency table, I do like that it is verb-ish. "table()", in this sense, is not a verb. That said, I am perfectly fine with it if you are fine with the name collision in pylab mode. On Wed, Aug 13, 2014 at 4:57 PM, Warren Weckesser < warren.weckesser@gmail.com> wrote:
![](https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d2aafb97833979e3668c61d36e697bfc.jpg?s=120&d=mm&r=g)
On Wed, Aug 13, 2014 at 5:15 PM, Benjamin Root <ben.root@ou.edu> wrote:
Thanks for pointing that out. I only changed it to have something that sounded more table-ish, like the Pandas, R and Matlab functions. I won't update it right now, but if there is interest in putting it into numpy, I'll rename it to avoid the pylab conflict. Anything along the lines of `crosstab`, `xtable`, etc., would be fine with me. Warren
![](https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/09cd8fb3ecae7d982c5bb0e1081dcf69.jpg?s=120&d=mm&r=g)
Its pretty easy to implement this table functionality and more on top of the code I linked above. I still think such a comprehensive overhaul of arraysetops is worth discussing. import numpy as np import grouping x = [1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2] y = [3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5] z = np.random.randint(0,2,(9,2)) def table(*keys): """ desired table implementation, building on the index object cleaner, and more functionality performance should be the same """ indices = [grouping.as_index(k, axis=0) for k in keys] uniques = [i.unique for i in indices] inverses = [i.inverse for i in indices] shape = [i.groups for i in indices] t = np.zeros(shape, np.int) np.add.at(t, inverses, 1) return tuple(uniques), t #here is how to use print table(x,y) #but we can use fancy keys as well; here a composite key and a row-key print table((x,y), z) #this effectively creates a sparse matrix equivalent of your desired table print grouping.count((x,y)) On Wed, Aug 13, 2014 at 11:25 PM, Warren Weckesser < warren.weckesser@gmail.com> wrote:
![](https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d2aafb97833979e3668c61d36e697bfc.jpg?s=120&d=mm&r=g)
On Wed, Aug 13, 2014 at 6:17 PM, Eelco Hoogendoorn < hoogendoorn.eelco@gmail.com> wrote:
Hey all, I'm reviving this thread about the proposed `table` enhancement in https://github.com/numpy/numpy/pull/4958, because Chuck has poked me (via the pull request ) about it, so I'm poking the mailing list. Ignoring the issue of the name for the moment, is there any opposition to adding the proposed `table` function to numpy? I don't think it would preclude adding more powerful tools later, but that's not something I have time to work on at the moment. If the only issue is the name, I'm open to any suggestions. I started with `count_unique`, and changed it to `table`, but Benjamin pointed out the potential conflict of `table` with a matplotlib function. Warren _______________________________________________
![](https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d2aafb97833979e3668c61d36e697bfc.jpg?s=120&d=mm&r=g)
On Sun, Jan 25, 2015 at 1:48 PM, Warren Weckesser < warren.weckesser@gmail.com> wrote:
Looks like the original email in the thread is not part of the quoted (and somewhat disordered) emails. Here's my original email from last August: http://mail.scipy.org/pipermail/numpy-discussion/2014-August/070941.html Warren
![](https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8afd7ccf4695c01962ab71521a4ae323.jpg?s=120&d=mm&r=g)
On Tue, Aug 12, 2014 at 12:17 PM, Eelco Hoogendoorn < hoogendoorn.eelco@gmail.com> wrote:
FYI I wrote some table grouping operations (join, hstack, vstack) for numpy some time ago, available here: https://github.com/astropy/astropy/blob/v0.4.x/astropy/table/np_utils.py These are part of the astropy project but this module has no actual astropy dependencies apart from a local backport of OrderedDict for Python < 2.7. Cheers, Tom
participants (5)
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Aldcroft, Thomas
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Benjamin Root
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Eelco Hoogendoorn
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Joe Kington
-
Warren Weckesser