Hello, all. I am finishing a C module which computes a kernel-based probability density function estimation using a kernel-based approach for unidimensional and multidimensional PDFs. The idea is: Given a Numpy array expdata, with the experimental data in a d-dimensional space (d=1,2,3), we want to make an estimation of the PDF at grid points 'xpoints' in the same d-dimensional space using a bandwidth h: Python code: import KPDF pdf=KPDF.MPDFEpanechnikov(expdata,xpoints,h) The module is written in C, and it needs to return a Numpy array shaped (xpoints.shape[0],). So, internally, the function which creates the array reads: int dims[1]; PyArrayObject *rarray; /* returned array */ PyArrayObject *xpoints; dims[0]=xpoints->dimensions[0]; rarray=(PyArrayObject*)PyArray_FromDims(1,dims,PyArray_DOUBLE); if (rarray==NULL) return NULL; /* More code follows */ return PyArray_Return(rarray); I am assuming that I DO NOT have to call Py_INCREF() explicitly in my function before returning the array to Python, because it is actually called by PyArray_FromDims(). I would like to know whether it is actually that way. I am also assuming that, in case malloc() is unable to allocate memory inside PyArray_FromDims(), it sets the corresponding exception and my only TO-DO in my function is returning NULL to the caller. I would appreciate replies these questions by gurus. I have Read The Funny Manuals on extending (regular and numerical) Python, but I think these points are not specially clear, at least, I am doubtful after reading them. Thanks in advance. Jon Saenz. | Tfno: +34 946012470 Depto. Fisica Aplicada II | Fax: +34 944648500 Facultad de Ciencias. \\ Universidad del Pais Vasco \\ Apdo. 644 \\ 48080 - Bilbao \\ SPAIN