Python-Dev October 2009

python-dev@python.org

146 participants
93 discussions

SIGCHECK() in longobject.c
by Antoine Pitrou 21 Oct '09

21 Oct '09

Hello, In Objects/longobject.c, there's the SIGCHECK() macro which periodically checks for signals when doing long integer computations (divisions, multiplications). It does so by messing with the _Py_Ticker variable. It was added in 1991 under the title "Many small changes", and I suppose it was useful back then. However, nowadays long objects are ridiculously fast, witness for example: $ ./py3k/python -m timeit -s "a=eval('3'*10000+'5');b=eval('8'*6000+'7')" "str(a//b)" 1000 loops, best of 3: 1.47 msec per loop Can we remove this check, or are there people doing million-digits calculations they want to interrupt using Control-C ? Regards Antoine.

7 15

Distutils and Distribute roadmap (and some words on Virtualenv, Pip)
by Tarek Ziadé 21 Oct '09

21 Oct '09

Here's a quick summary of the main things that are going to happen in Distutils, and Distribute, and a few words on virtualenv and pip. (there is much much more work going on, but I don't want to drown people with details) = Distutils = Distutils is a package manager and competes with OS package managers. This is a good thing because, unless you are developing a library or an application that will only run one specific system that has its own packaging system like Debian, you will be able to reach much more people. Of course the goal is to avoid making the work of a Debian packager (or any other OS that has a package manager) too hard. In other words, re-packaging a Distutils-based project should be easy and Distutils should not get in their way (or as less as possible). But right now Distutils is incomplete in many ways and we are trying to fix'em. == What's installed ? what's the installation format ? how to uninstall ? == First, it's an incomplete package manager : you can install a distribution using it, but there's no way to list installed distributions. Worst, you can't uninstall a distribution. PEP 376 resolves this, and once it's finished, the goal is to include the APIs described there into Distutils itself and into the pkgutil module in stdlib. Notice that there's an implementation at http://bitbucket.org/tarek/pep376 that is kept up to date with PEP 376 so people can see what we are talking about. Another problem that popped during the last years is the fact that, in the same site-packages, depending on the tool that was used to install a Distribution, and depending if this distribution uses Distutils or Setuptools, you can have different installation formats. End-users end up with zipped eggs (one file), unzipped eggs (one self-contained format in a directory) and regular Distutils (packages and modules in site-packages). And the Metadata are also located in many different places depending on the installation format used. That can't be. there's no point to keep various installation format in the *same* site-packages directory. PEP 376 also resolves this by describing a *unique* format that works for all. Once this is finished, Distutils will implement it by changing the install command accordingly. - Work left to do in PEP 376 : restrict its scope to a disk-based, file-based site-packages. - Goal: 2.7 / 3.2 == Dependencies == The other feature that makes a packaging system nice is dependencies. e.g. a way to list in a distribution, the distributions it requires to run. As a matter of fact, PEP 314 has introduced in the Metadata new fields for this purpose ("Requires", "Provides and "Obsoletes"). So, you can write things like "Requires: lxml >= 2.2.1", meaning that your distribution requires lxml 2.2.1 or a newer version to run. But this was just description fields and Distutils was not providing any feature based on these new fields. In fact, no third-party tool either provided a feature based on those fields. Setuptools provided "easy_install" a script that looks for the dependencies and install them, by querying the Python Package Index (PyPI). But this feature was implemented with its own metadata: you can add an "install_requires" option in the setup() call in setup.py, and it will end up in a "requires.txt" file at installation time that is located alongside the Metadata for you distribution. So the goal is to review PEP 314 and update the Metadata w.r.t. the setuptools feedback and community usage. Once it's done, Distutils will implement this new metadata version and promote its usage. Promoting its usage means that Distutils will provide some APIs to work with these APIs, like a version comparison algorithm. And while we're at it, we need to work out some inconsistency with the "Author" and "Maintainer" fields. (The latter doesn't exists in the Metadata but exists on setup.py side). - Work left to do in PEP 314 : finish PEP 386, finish the discussion on the "maintainer" field. - Goal: 2.7 / 3.2 == Version comparison == Once you provide dependency fields in the metadata, you need to provide a version scheme: a way to compare two versions. Distutils has two version comparison algorithms that are not used in its code and in only one place in the stdlib where it could be removed with no pain. One version scheme is "strict" and one is "loose". And Setuptools has another one, which is more heuristic (it will deal with any version string and compare it, wether it's wrong or not). PEP 386 goal is to describe a version scheme that can be used by all and if we can meet a consensus there, we can move on and add it as a reference in the update done in PEP 314, besides the dependencies fields. Then, in Distutils we can deprecate the existing version comparison algorithms and provide a new one based on PEP 386 and promote its usage. One very important point: we will not force the community to use the scheme described in PEP 386, but *there is* already a de-facto convention on version schemes at PyPI if you use Pip or easy_install, so let's have a documented standard for this, and a reference implementation in Distutils. There's an implementation at http://bitbucket.org/tarek/distutilsversion that is kept up-to-date with PEP 386. - Work left to do in PEP 386 : another round with the community - Goal: 2.7 / 3.2 == The fate of setup.py, and static metadata == Setup.py is a CLI to create distribution, install them etc. You can also use it to retrieve the metadata of a distribution. For example you can call "python setup.py --name" and the name will be displayed. That's fine. That's great for developers. But there's a major flaw: it's Python code. It's a problem because, depending on the complexity of this file, an OS packager that just wants to get the metadata for the platform he's working on, will run arbitrary code that mught do unwanted things (or even that light not work) So we are going to separate the metadata description from setup.py, in a static configuration file, that can be open and read by anyone without running any code. The only problem with this is the fact that some metadata fields might depend on the execution environment. For instance, once "Requires" is re-defined and re-introduced via PEP 314, we will have cases where "pywin32" will be a dependency to have only on win32 systems. So we've worked on that lately in Distutils-SIG and came up with a micro-language, based on a ConfigParser file, that allows writing metadata fields that depends on sys.platform etc. I won't detail the syntax here but the idea is that the interpretation of this file can be done with a vanilla Python without running arbitrary code. In other words : we will be able to get the metadata for a distribution without having to install it or to run any setup.py command. One use case is the ability to list all dependencies a distribution requires for a given platform, just by querying PyPI. So I am adding this in Distutils for 2.7. Of course setup.py stays, and this is backward compatible. - Work left to do : publish the final syntax, and do the implementation - Goal: 2.7 / 3.2 == The fate of bdist_* commands == During last Pycon summit we said that we would remove commands like bdist_rpm because Python is unable, due to its release cycle, to do a good work there. Here's an example: I have from time to time cryptic issues in the issue tracker from people from Fedora (or any rpm-based system), and I have all the pain in the world for these very specific problems to do the proper fix unless some RPM expert helps around. And by the time it's detected then fixed, it can be year(s) before it's available on their side. That's why, depending on the communities, commands like bdist_rpm are just totally ignored, and OS packager have their own tools. So the best way to handle this is to ask these communities to build their own tool and to encourage them to use Distutils as a basis for that. This does not concern bdist_* commands for win32 because those are very stable and don't change too much: Windows doesn't have a package manager that would require these commands to evolve with it. Anyways, when we said that we would remove bdist_rpm, this was very controversial because some people use it and love it. So what is going to happen is a status-quo: no bdist_* command will be removed but no new bdist_* command wil be added. That's why I've encouraged Andrew and Garry, that are working on a bdist_deb command, to keep it in the "stdeb" project, and eventually we will refer to it in the Distutils documentation if this bdist_deb comply with Distutils standard. It doesn't right now because it uses a custom version of the Distribution class (through Setuptools) that doesn't behave like Distutils' one anymore. For Distutils, I'll add some documentation explaining this, and a section that will list community-driven commands. - Work left to do : write the documentation - Goal: 2.7 / 3.2 = Distribute = I won't explain here again why we have forked, I think it's obvious to anyone here now. I'll rather explain what we are planning in Distribute and how it will interact with Distutils. Distribute has two branches: - 0.6.x : provides a Setuptools-0.6c9 compatible version - 0.7.x : will provide a refactoring == 0.6.x == Not "much" is going to happen here, we want this branch to be helpful to the community *today* by addressing the 40-or-so bugs that were found in Setuptools and never fixed. This is eventually happen soon because its development is fast : there are up to 5 commiters that are working on it very often (and the number grows weekly.) The biggest issue with this branch is that it is providing the same packages and modules setuptools does, and this requires some bootstrapping work where we make sure once Distribute is installed, all Distribution that requires Setuptools will continue to work. This is done by faking the metadata of Setuptools 0.6c9. That's the only way we found to do this. There's one major thing though: thanks to the work of Lennart, Alex, Martin, this branch supports Python 3, which is great to have to speed up Py3 adoption. The goal of the 0.6.x is to remove as much bugs as we can, and try if possible to remove the patches done on Distutils. We will support 0.6.x maintenance for years and we will promote its usage everywhere instead of Setuptools. Some new commands are added there, when they are helpful and don't interact with the rest. I am thinking about "upload_docs" that let you upload documentation to PyPI. The goal is to move it to Distutils at some point, if the documentation feature of PyPI stays and starts to be used. == 0.7.x == We've started to refactor Distribute with this roadmap in mind (and no, as someone said, it's not vaporware, we've done a lot already) - 0.7.x can be installed and used with 0.6.x - easy_install is going to be deprecated ! use Pip ! - the version system will be deprecated, in favor of the one in Distutils - no more Distutils monkey-patch that happens once you use the code (things like 'from distutils import cmd; cmd.Command = CustomCommand') - no more custom site.py (that is: if something misses in Python's site.py we'll add it there instead of patching it) - no more namespaced packages system, if PEP 381 (namespaces package support) makes it to 2.7 - The code is splitted in many packages and might be distributed under several distributions. - distribute.resources: that's the old pkg_resources, but reorganized in clean, pep-8 modules. This package will only contain the query APIs and will focus on being PEP 376 compatible. We will promote its usage and see if Pip wants to use it as a basis. And maybe PyPM once it's open source ? (<hint> <hint>). It will probably shrink a lot though, once the stdlib provides PEP 376 support. - distribute.entrypoints: that's the old pkg_resources entry points system, but on its own. it uses distribute.resources - distribute.index: that's package_index and a few other things. everything required to interact with PyPI. We will promote its usage and see if Pip wants to use it as a basis. - distribute.core (might be renamed to main): that's everything else, and uses the other packages. Goal: A first release before (or when) Python 2.7 / 3.2 is out. = Virtualenv and the multiple version support in Distribute = (I am not saying "We" here because this part was not discussed yet with everyone) Virtualenv allows you to create an isolated environment to install some distribution without polluting the main site-packages, a bit like a user site-packages. My opinion is that this tool exists only because Python doesn't support the installation of multiple versions for the same distributions. But if PEP 376 and PEP 386 support are added in Python, we're not far from being able to provide multiple version support with the help of importlib. Setuptools provided a multiple version support but I don't like its implementation and the way its works. I would like to create a new site-packages format that can contains several versions of the same distribution, and : - a special import system using importlib that would automatically pick the latest version, thanks to PEP 376. - an API to force at runtime a specific version (that would be located at the beginning of all imports, like __future__) - a layout that is compatible with the way OS packagers works with python packages Goal: a prototype asap (one was started under the "VSP" name (virtual site-packages) but not finished yet) Regards Tarek -- Tarek Ziadé | http://ziade.org | オープンソースはすごい! | 开源传万世，因有你参与

17 66

Proposal : Python Trusted Computing API
by Abhiram Kasina 19 Oct '09

19 Oct '09

Hi Trusted Computing (TC) is a technology developed and promoted by the Trusted Computing Group (TCG)[3]. So, basically the group came up with these chips called TPM chips which are present on most motherboards nowadays. The main purpose of it is to enhance security so that infected executables don't run. It also provides memory curtaining such that cryptographic keys won't be accessible and many other features. There was a criticism on this from the FOSS community as well that it enables DRM. No wonder, it is being pushed by Intel, Microsoft, AMD, etc.. But personally I think its a good idea from security point of view. So, currently there is an TSS (TCG Software Stack)[1] API written in C. And TrustedJava[2] is a project which ported it to Java and is going to be included in the standard API of Java soon. They have 2 versions of it. One is a simple wrapper on top of the API and the other is a whole implementation of the stack in Java. My proposal is we create an API for it in python. *Reason*: I am a developer in Umit and I think Python is a very good platform for developing applications. So, why not create an API which helps in developing secure applications? I would love to learn more and provide you with any more information. Please let me know what you guys think of it? Thanks in advance Cheers Abhiram [1] http://www.trustedcomputinggroup.org/resources/tcg_software_stack_tss_speci… [2] http://trustedjava.sourceforge.net/index.php?item=jtss/about [3] http://www.trustedcomputinggroup.org/

3 2

nonstandard behavior of reflected functions
by Darren Dale 19 Oct '09

19 Oct '09

According to http://docs.python.org/reference/datamodel.html , the reflected operands functions like __radd__ "are only called if the left operand does not support the corresponding operation and the operands are of different types. [3] For instance, to evaluate the expression x - y, where y is an instance of a class that has an __rsub__() method, y.__rsub__(x) is called if x.__sub__(y) returns NotImplemented." Consider the following simple example: ========================== class Quantity(object): def __add__(self, other): return '__add__ called' def __radd__(self, other): return '__radd__ called' class UnitQuantity(Quantity): def __add__(self, other): return '__add__ called' def __radd__(self, other): return '__radd__ called' print 'Quantity()+Quantity()', Quantity()+Quantity() print 'UnitQuantity()+UnitQuantity()', UnitQuantity()+UnitQuantity() print 'UnitQuantity()+Quantity()', UnitQuantity()+Quantity() print 'Quantity()+UnitQuantity()', Quantity()+UnitQuantity() ========================== The output should indicate that __add__ was called in all four trials, but the last trial calls __radd__. Interestingly, if I comment out the definition of __radd__ in UnitQuantity, then the fourth trial calls __add__ like it should. I think this may be an important bug. I'm running Python 2.6.4rc1 (r264rc1:75270, Oct 13 2009, 17:02:06) an ubuntu Karmic. Is it a known issue, or am I misreading the documentation? Thanks, Darren

3 3

A proposal: configuring logging using dictionaries
by Vinay Sajip 18 Oct '09

18 Oct '09

A little while ago, I posted here a suggestion about a new way to configure logging, using dictionaries. This received some positive and no negative feedback, so I have thought some more about the details of how it might work. I present below the results of that thinking, in a PEP-style format. I don't know if an actual PEP is required for a change of this type, but I felt that it's still worth going through the exercise to try and achieve a reasonable level of rigour. (I hope I've succeeded.) I would welcome all your feedback on this proposal. If I hear no negative feedback, I propose to implement this feature as suggested. I thought about posting this on comp.lang.python as well, but possibly it's a little too much information for most of the folks there. I think it would be useful to get feedback from the wider community, though, and welcome any suggestions on how best to achieve this. Thanks and regards, Vinay Sajip ----------- PEP: XXX Title: Dictionary-Based Configuration For Logging Version: $Revision$ Last-Modified: $Date$ Author: Vinay Sajip <vinay_sajip at red-dove.com> Status: Draft Type: Standards Track Content-Type: text/x-rst Created: 15-Oct-2009 Python-Version: 2.7 and 3.2 Post-History: Abstract ======== This PEP describes a new way of configuring logging using a dictionary to hold configuration information. Rationale ========= The present means for configuring Python's logging package is either by using the logging API to configure logging programmatically, or else by means of ConfigParser-based configuration files. Programmatic configuration, while offering maximal control, fixes the configuration in Python code. This does not facilitate changing it easily at runtime, and, as a result, the ability to flexibly turn the verbosity of logging up and down for different parts of a using application is lost. This limits the usability of logging as an aid to diagnosing problems - and sometimes, logging is the only diagnostic aid available in production environments. The ConfigParser-based configuration system is usable, but does not allow its users to configure all aspects of the logging package. For example, Filters cannot be configured using this system. Furthermore, the ConfigParser format appears to engender dislike (sometimes strong dislike) in some quarters. Though it was chosen because it was the only configuration format supported in the Python standard at that time, many people regard it (or perhaps just the particular schema chosen for logging's configuration) as 'crufty' or 'ugly', in some cases apparently on purely aesthetic grounds. Recent versions of Python inlude JSON support in the standard library, and this is also usable as a configuration format. In other environments, such as Google App Engine, YAML is used to configure applications, and usually the configuration of logging would be considered an integral part of the application configuration. Although the standard library does not contain YAML support at present, support for both JSON and YAML can be provided in a common way because both of these serialization formats allow deserialization of Python dictionaries. By providing a way to configure logging by passing the configuration in a dictionary, logging will be easier to configure not only for users of JSON and/or YAML, but also for users of bespoke configuration methods, by providing a common format in which to describe the desired configuration. Another drawback of the current ConfigParser-based configuration system is that it does not support incremental configuration: a new configuration completely replaces the existing configuration. Although full flexibility for incremental configuration is difficult to provide in a multi-threaded environment, the new configuration mechanism will allow the provision of limited support for incremental configuration. Specification ============= The specification consists of two parts: the API and the format of the dictionary used to convey configuration information (i.e. the schema to which it must conform). Naming ------ Historically, the logging package has not been PEP-8 conformant. At some future time, this will be corrected by changing method and function names in the package in order to conform with PEP-8. However, in the interests of uniformity, the proposed additions to the API use a naming scheme which is consistent with the present scheme used by logging. API --- The logging.config module will have the following additions: * A class, called ``DictConfigurator``, whose constructor is passed the dictionary used for configuration, and which has a ``configure()`` method. * A callable, called ``dictConfigClass``, which will (by default) be set to ``DictConfigurator``. This is provided so that if desired, ``DictConfigurator`` can be replaced with a suitable user-defined implementation. * A function, called ``dictConfig()``, which takes a single argument - the dictionary holding the configuration. This function will call ``dictConfigClass`` passing the specified dictionary, and then call the ``configure()`` method on the returned object to actually put the configuration into effect:: def dictConfig(config): dictConfigClass(config).configure() Dictionary Schema - Overview ---------------------------- Before describing the schema in detail, it is worth saying a few words about object connections, support for user-defined objects and access to external objects. Object connections '''''''''''''''''' The schema is intended to describe a set of logging objects - loggers, handlers, formatters, filters - which are connected to each other in an object graph. Thus, the schema needs to represent connections between the objects. For example, say that, once configured, a particular logger has an attached to it a particular handler. For the purposes of this discussion, we can say that the logger represents the source, and the handler the destination, of a connection between the two. Of course in the configured objects this is represented by the logger holding a reference to the handler. In the configuration dict, this is done by giving each destination object an id which identifies it unambiguously, and then using the id in the source object's configuration to indicate that a connection exists between the source and the destination object with that id. So, for example, consider the following YAML snippet:: handers: h1: #This is an id # configuration of handler with id h1 goes here h2: #This is another id # configuration of handler with id h2 goes here loggers: foo.bar.baz: # other configuration for logger "foo.bar.baz" handlers: [h1, h2] (Note: YAML will be used in this document as it is more readable than the equivalent Python source form for the dictionary.) The ids for loggers are the logger names which would be used programmatically to obtain a reference to those loggers, e.g. ``foo.bar.baz``. The ids for other objects can be any string value (such as ``h1``, ``h2`` above) and they are transient, in that they are only meaningful for processing the configuration dictionary and used to determine connections between objects, and are not persisted anywhere when the configuration call is complete. The above snippet indicates that logger named ``foo.bar.baz`` should have two handlers attached to it, which are described by the handler ids ``h1`` and ``h2``. User-defined objects '''''''''''''''''''' The schema should support user-defined objects for handlers, filters and formatters. (Loggers do not need to have different types for different instances, so there is no support - in the configuration - for user-defined logger classes.) Objects to be configured will typically be described by dictionaries which detail their configuration. In some places, the logging system will be able to infer from the context how an object is to be instantiated, but when a user-defined object is to be instantiated, the system will not know how to do this. In order to provide complete flexibility for user-defined object instantiation, the user will need to provide a 'factory' - a callable which is called with a configuration dictionary and which returns the instantiated object. This will be signalled by the factory being made available under the special key ``'()'``. Here's a concrete example:: formatters: brief: format: '%(message)s' default: format: '%(asctime)s %(levelname)-8s %(name)-15s %(message)s' datefmt: '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S' custom: (): my.package.customFormatterFactory bar: baz spam: 99.9 answer: 42 The above YAML snippet defines three formatters. The first, with id ``brief``, is a standard ``logging.Formatter`` instance with the specified format string. The second, with id ``default``, has a longer format and also defines the time format explicitly, and will result in a ``logging.Formatter`` initialized with those two format strings. Shown in Python source form, the ``brief`` and ``default`` formatters have have configuration sub-dictionaries:: { 'format' : '%(message)s' } and:: { 'format' : '%(asctime)s %(levelname)-8s %(name)-15s %(message)s', 'datefmt' : '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S' } respectively, and as these dictionaries do not contain the special key ``'()'``, the instantiation is inferred from the context: as a result, standard ``logging.Formatter`` instances are created. The configuration sub-dictionary for the third formatter, with id ``custom``, is:: { '()' : 'my.package.customFormatterFactory', 'bar' : 'baz', 'spam' : 99.9, 'answer' : 42 } and this contains the special key ``'()'``, which means that user-defined instantiation is wanted. In this case, the specified factory callable will be located using normal import mechanisms and called with the *remaining* items in the configuration sub-dictionary as keyword arguments. In the above example, the formatter with id ``custom`` will be assumed to be returned by the call:: my.package.customFormatterFactory(bar="baz", spam=99.9, answer=42) The key ``'()'`` has been used as the special key because it is not a valid keyword parameter name, and so will not clash with the names of the keyword arguments used in the call. The ``'()'`` also serves as a mnemonic that the corresponding value is a callable. Access to external objects '''''''''''''''''''''''''' There are times where a configuration will need to refer to objects external to the configuration, for example ``sys.stderr``. If the configuration dict is constructed using Python code then this is straightforward, but a problem arises when the configuration is provided via a text file (e.g. JSON, YAML). In a text file, there is no standard way to distinguish ``sys.stderr`` from the literal string ``'sys.stderr'``. To facilitate this distinction, the configuration system will look for certain special prefixes in string values and treat them specially. For example, if the literal string ``'ext://sys.stderr'`` is provided as a value in the configuration, then the ``ext://`` will be stripped off and the remainder of the value processed using normal import mechanisms. The handling of such prefixes will be done in a way analogous to protocol handling: there will be a generic mechanism to look for prefixes which match the regular expression ``^(?P<prefix>[a-z]+)://(?P<suffix>.*)$`` whereby, if the ``prefix`` is recognised, the ``suffix`` is processed in a prefix- dependent manner and the result of the processing replaces the string value. If the prefix is not recognised, then the string value will be left as-is. The implementation will provide for a set of standard prefixes such as ``ext://`` but it will be possible to disable the mechanism completely or provide additional or different prefixes for special handling. Dictionary Schema - Detail -------------------------- The dictionary passed to ``dictConfig()`` must contain the following keys: * `version` - to be set to an integer value representing the schema version. The only valid value at present is 1, but having this key allows the schema to evolve while still preserving backwards compatibility. All other keys are optional, but if present they will be interpreted as described below. In all cases below where a 'configuring dict' is mentioned, it will be checked for the special ``'()'`` key to see if a custom instantiation is required. If so, the mechanism described above is used to instantiate; otherwise, the context is used to determine how to instantiate. * `formatters` - the corresponding value will be a dict in which each key is a formatter id and each value is a dict describing how to configure the corresponding Formatter instance. The configuring dict is searched for keys ``format`` and ``datefmt`` (with defaults of ``None``) and these are used to construct a ``logging.Formatter`` instance. * `filters` - the corresponding value will be a dict in which each key is a filter id and each value is a dict describing how to configure the corresponding Filter instance. The configuring dict is searched for key ``name`` (defaulting to the empty string) and this is used to construct a ``logging.Filter`` instance. * `handlers` - the corresponding value will be a dict in which each key is a handler id and each value is a dict describing how to configure the corresponding Handler instance. The configuring dict is searched for the following keys: * ``class`` (mandatory). This is the fully qualified name of the handler class. * ``level`` (optional). The level of the handler. * ``formatter`` (optional). The id of the formatter for this handler. * ``filters`` (optional). A list of ids of the filters for this handler. All *other* keys are passed through as keyword arguments to the handler's constructor. For example, given the snippet:: handlers: console: class : logging.StreamHandler formatter: brief level : INFO filters: [allow_foo] stream : ext://sys.stdout file: class : logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler formatter: precise filename: logconfig.log maxBytes: 1024 backupCount: 3 the handler with id ``console`` is instantiated as a ``logging.StreamHandler``, using ``sys.stdout`` as the underlying stream. The handler with id ``file`` is instantiated as a ``logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler`` with the keyword arguments ``filename="logconfig.log", maxBytes=1024, backupCount=3``. * `loggers` - the corresponding value will be a dict in which each key is a logger name and each value is a dict describing how to configure the corresponding Logger instance. The configuring dict is searched for the following keys: * ``level`` (optional). The level of the logger. * ``propagate`` (optional). The propagation setting of the logger. * ``filters`` (optional). A list of ids of the filters for this logger. * ``handlers`` (optional). A list of ids of the handlers for this logger. The specified loggers will be configured according to the level, propagation, filters and handlers specified. * `root` - this will be the configuration for the root logger. Processing of the configuration will be as for any logger, except that the ``propagate`` setting will not be applicable. * `incremental` - whether the configuration is to be interpreted as incremental to the existing configuration. This value defaults to False, which means that the specified configuration replaces the existing configuration with the same semantics as used by the existing ``fileConfig()`` API. If the specified value is True, the configuration is processed as described in the section on "Incremental Configuration", below. A Working Example ----------------- The following is an actual working configuration in YAML format (except that the email addresses are bogus):: formatters: brief: format: '%(levelname)-8s: %(name)-15s: %(message)s' precise: format: '%(asctime)s %(name)-15s %(levelname)-8s %(message)s' filters: allow_foo: name: foo handlers: console: class : logging.StreamHandler formatter: brief level : INFO stream : ext://sys.stdout filters: [allow_foo] file: class : logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler formatter: precise filename: logconfig.log maxBytes: 1024 backupCount: 3 debugfile: class : logging.FileHandler formatter: precise filename: logconfig-detail.log mode: a email: class: logging.handlers.SMTPHandler mailhost: localhost fromaddr: my_app(a)domain.tld toaddrs: - support_team(a)domain.tld - dev_team(a)domain.tld subject: Houston, we have a problem. loggers: foo: level : ERROR handlers: [debugfile] spam: level : CRITICAL handlers: [debugfile] propagate: no bar.baz: level: WARNING root: level : DEBUG handlers : [console, file] Incremental Configuration ========================= It is difficult to provide complete flexibility for incremental configuration. For example, because objects such as handlers, filters and formatters are anonymous, once a configuration is set up, it is not possible to refer to such anonymous objects when augmenting a configuration. For example, if an initial call is made to configure the system where logger ``foo`` has a handler with id ``console`` attached, then a subsequent call to configure a logger ``bar`` with id ``console`` would create a new handler instance, as the id ``console`` from the first call isn't kept. Furthermore, there is not a compelling case for arbitrarily altering the object graph of loggers, handlers, filters, formatters at run-time, once a configuration is set up; the verbosity of loggers can be controlled just by setting levels (and perhaps propagation flags). Thus, when the ``incremental`` key of a configuration dict is present and is ``True``, the system will ignore the ``formatters``, ``filters``, ``handlers`` entries completely, and process only the ``level`` and ``propagate`` settings in the ``loggers`` and ``root`` entries. Configuration Errors ==================== If an error is encountered during configuration, the system will raise a ``ValueError`` or a ``TypeError`` with a suitably descriptive message. The following is a (possibly incomplete) list of conditions which will raise an error: * A ``level`` which is not a string or which is a string not corresponding to an actual logging level * A ``propagate`` value which is not a Boolean * An id which does not have a corresponding destination * An invalid logger name Copyright ========= This document has been placed in the public domain. .. Local Variables: mode: indented-text indent-tabs-mode: nil sentence-end-double-space: t fill-column: 70 coding: utf-8 End:

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Re: [Python-Dev] transitioning from % to {} formatting
by Bugbee, Larry 18 Oct '09

18 Oct '09

> > Do the users get any say in this? > > I'm a user! :-) > > I hate calling methods on string literals, I think it looks very odd > to have code like this: > > "Displaying {0} of {1} revisions".format(x, y) Ugh! Good point. Is Python to be an easy-to-learn-and-remember language? I submit we are losing that one. To a user, this will be confusing. To a C programmer coming over to Python, especially so. Some of what makes %-formatting easy to remember is its parallel in C. I'm conflicted. Philosophically I like the idea of mnemonic names over positional variables and allowing variable values determined elsewhere to be inserted in print strings. It is appealing. Unless the benefit is at least 2x, a change should not be made, and I don't think this benefit rises to where it is worth the confusion and problems. ...and converting the legacy base. And forget pretty, not that %-formatting is pretty either. Besides, according to the bench, it is slower too. And it will take editors a while before the new syntax is supported and colorized, thus some errors for a while. ...and if one wants a "{" or a "}" in the printed output, one has to escape it? That is -2x over wanting a "%" in the output. So until I see a *significant* benefit, my vote is *not* remove %-formatting. Make both available and if {} is to win, it will.

7 7

PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN in py3k
by Antoine Pitrou 17 Oct '09

17 Oct '09

Hello, It turns out (*) that even in py3k, not all modules are PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN. Should we try to remedy that, and make PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN the default in future 3.x versions? As far I know, there's no reason not to be PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN, except for having to convert old code. (*) http://bugs.python.org/issue7080 Regards Antoine. PS : no, I'm not volunteering to do it all myself :)

1 0

Tkinter script crashes Python 3.1
by Gregor Lingl 16 Oct '09

16 Oct '09

I've written a small Tkinter-Script, that crashes Python 3.1 (but not Python 2.6) without any specific rrror message. When started from within IDLE, the failing of the script also closes IDLE. (This is the case under Windows, Mac OS X and Linux (teted with Ubuntu 9.04)) Bug-Tracker Issue 6717 The script is attached to this issue I think, errors like this should definitely not occur. Instead a message like "recusion depth exceeded" should be displayed (and IDLE should remain functional, if used) Since I do not have the means availble to track down this bug, I'd like to draw your attention to it and to ask if someone else has the means and time to do so. I'd also suggest to increase the priority of this bug in the bugtracker. Regards, Gregor

1 0

Summary of Python tracker Issues
by Python tracker 16 Oct '09

16 Oct '09

ACTIVITY SUMMARY (10/09/09 - 10/16/09) Python tracker at http://bugs.python.org/ To view or respond to any of the issues listed below, click on the issue number. Do NOT respond to this message. 2468 open (+37) / 16504 closed (+20) / 18972 total (+57) Open issues with patches: 982 Average duration of open issues: 669 days. Median duration of open issues: 423 days. Open Issues Breakdown open 2432 (+37) pending 35 ( +0) Issues Created Or Reopened (58) _______________________________ Python 2.6.3 / setuptools 0.6c9: extension module builds fail wi 10/12/09 CLOSED http://bugs.python.org/issue7064 reopened barry Add alternate float formatting styles to new-style formatting. 10/09/09 http://bugs.python.org/issue7094 created mark.dickinson Multiprocessing.Array(lock=False) fails 10/09/09 CLOSED http://bugs.python.org/issue7095 created schlesin test_curses fails on 3.1 when run under regrtest 10/10/09 http://bugs.python.org/issue7096 created r.david.murray urlparse.urljoin of simple "http://" and "somedomain.com" produc 10/10/09 CLOSED http://bugs.python.org/issue7097 created ssteiner g formatting for decimal types should always strip trailing zero 10/10/09 http://bugs.python.org/issue7098 created mark.dickinson patch Decimal.is_normal should return True even for numbers with expon 10/10/09 http://bugs.python.org/issue7099 created mark.dickinson test_xmlrpc: global name 'stop_serving' is not defined 10/10/09 http://bugs.python.org/issue7100 created pitrou tarfile: OSError with TarFile.add(..., recursive=True) about non 10/10/09 http://bugs.python.org/issue7101 created denis Problems building pyhton from source on Snow Leopard (Mac OS X 10/11/09 http://bugs.python.org/issue7102 created FredrikHedman Error in config parser example (w/ Patch) 10/11/09 CLOSED http://bugs.python.org/issue7103 created tcourbon patch test_descr uses __cmp__ which will never be called 10/11/09 CLOSED http://bugs.python.org/issue7104 created stutzbach weak dict iterators are fragile because of unpredictable GC runs 10/11/09 http://bugs.python.org/issue7105 created pitrou patch Python crashed in the middle of an argument between wx and boa_c 10/11/09 CLOSED http://bugs.python.org/issue7106 created bvn Missing uninstallation instructions for mac 10/11/09 http://bugs.python.org/issue7107 created gradha test_commands.py failing on OS X 10.5.7 due to '@' in ls output 10/11/09 http://bugs.python.org/issue7108 created minge patch broken link on news page 10/12/09 CLOSED http://bugs.python.org/issue7109 created mkiever Output test failures on stderr in regrtest.py 10/12/09 http://bugs.python.org/issue7110 created ezio.melotti core dump when stderr is moved 10/12/09 http://bugs.python.org/issue7111 created petere unicodetype_db.h warning: integer constant is too large for 'lon 10/12/09 CLOSED http://bugs.python.org/issue7112 created ocean-city ConfigParser load speedup 10/12/09 http://bugs.python.org/issue7113 created aioryi patch HTMLParser doesn't handle <![CDATA[ ... ]]> 10/12/09 http://bugs.python.org/issue7114 created ggbaker extension module builds fail when using paths in the extension n 10/12/09 CLOSED http://bugs.python.org/issue7115 created tarek str.join() should be documented as taking an iterable 10/12/09 CLOSED http://bugs.python.org/issue7116 created jess.austin patch Backport py3k float repr to trunk 10/13/09 http://bugs.python.org/issue7117 created mark.dickinson urllib2.urlopen() timeout argument ignored after redirect 10/13/09 http://bugs.python.org/issue7118 created gthaler email: msg.items() returns different values before and after ms 10/13/09 http://bugs.python.org/issue7119 created jnelson logging depends on multiprocessing 10/14/09 CLOSED http://bugs.python.org/issue7120 created gvanrossum ImportError of urllib.request & http.client under PYTHONHOME/Lib 10/14/09 CLOSED http://bugs.python.org/issue7121 created mikezp59 multiprocessing.Pool() problem in windows 10/14/09 CLOSED http://bugs.python.org/issue7122 created SirLalala Multiprocess Process does not always exit when run from a thread 10/14/09 http://bugs.python.org/issue7123 created pajs(a)fodder.org.uk idle.py -n : help() doesn't work in a reopened shell window 10/14/09 http://bugs.python.org/issue7124 created gregorlingl typo (English) in threading.py 10/14/09 CLOSED http://bugs.python.org/issue7125 created Yinon Contradictory documentation for os.putenv and os.system 10/14/09 CLOSED http://bugs.python.org/issue7126 created stutzbach regrtest -j fails when tests write to stderr 10/14/09 http://bugs.python.org/issue7127 created r.david.murray easy cPickle looking for non-existent package copyreg 10/14/09 http://bugs.python.org/issue7128 created joequant patch, easy 'filling' missing in __all__ ot turtle.py 10/14/09 CLOSED http://bugs.python.org/issue7129 created gregorlingl patch json uses sre_* modules which may not work on alternate implemen 10/14/09 CLOSED http://bugs.python.org/issue7130 created DinoV Extension module build fails for MinGW: missing vcvarsall.bat 10/14/09 http://bugs.python.org/issue7131 created dieterv Regexp: capturing groups in repetitions 10/14/09 http://bugs.python.org/issue7132 created verdy_p test_ssl failure 10/14/09 http://bugs.python.org/issue7133 created pitrou patch Add looping capability to regrtest 10/14/09 http://bugs.python.org/issue7134 created jnoller AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'HTTPSConnectio 10/14/09 CLOSED http://bugs.python.org/issue7135 created awelch Idle File Menu Option Improvement 10/15/09 http://bugs.python.org/issue7136 created tjd Socket documentation not updated 10/15/09 http://bugs.python.org/issue7137 created yang elementtree segfaults on invalid xml declaration 10/15/09 http://bugs.python.org/issue7138 created whichlinden ElementTree: Incorrect serialization of end-of-line characters i 10/15/09 http://bugs.python.org/issue7139 created moriyoshi imp.new_module does not function correctly if the module is retu 10/15/09 CLOSED http://bugs.python.org/issue7140 created jkp 2to3 should add from __future__ import print_statement 10/15/09 http://bugs.python.org/issue7141 created stutzbach __repr__ of memoryview object has type unicode; should be str. 10/15/09 CLOSED http://bugs.python.org/issue7142 created mark.dickinson patch get_payload(decode=True) eats last newline 10/15/09 http://bugs.python.org/issue7143 created athomas imp.load_module in thread causes core dump on OSX 10.6 10/15/09 http://bugs.python.org/issue7144 created peterhunt UTF-16 BOM is not written by socket.makefile (but is expected by 10/15/09 http://bugs.python.org/issue7145 created yang [PATCH] platform.uname()[4] returns 'amd64' on Windows and 'x86- 10/15/09 http://bugs.python.org/issue7146 created zooko Remove WITHOUT_COMPLEX from 3.x trunk 10/15/09 http://bugs.python.org/issue7147 created skip.montanaro patch, patch, easy, needs review socket.py: r75412 broke build 10/16/09 CLOSED http://bugs.python.org/issue7148 created kbk 2.6.4rc1 regression: test_urllib2 fails on OS X with UnboundLoca 10/16/09 http://bugs.python.org/issue7149 created ned.deily datetime operations spanning MINYEAR give bad results 10/16/09 http://bugs.python.org/issue7150 created mark.leander Issues Now Closed (37) ______________________ sys.exit() called from optparse - bad, bad, bad 491 days http://bugs.python.org/issue3079 pfeldman(a)verizon.net easy distutils.util.get_platform() is wrong for universal builds on m 369 days http://bugs.python.org/issue4064 ned.deily patch, needs review ihooks module cannot handle absolute imports 359 days http://bugs.python.org/issue4152 nascheme PEP 383 implementation 163 days http://bugs.python.org/issue5915 loewis patch distutils builds extension modules to root package directory 103 days http://bugs.python.org/issue6403 srid ihooks support for relative imports 38 days http://bugs.python.org/issue6855 brett.cannon urllib2 doesn't respect "no_proxy" environment (python2.6.2) 29 days http://bugs.python.org/issue6894 orsenthil patch test_urllib: constructLocalFileUrl returns invalid URLs on Windo 11 days http://bugs.python.org/issue7043 orsenthil Automatic test___all__ 6 days http://bugs.python.org/issue7055 pitrou patch Python 2.6.3 / setuptools 0.6c9: extension module builds fail wi 1 days http://bugs.python.org/issue7064 tarek bytes.maketrans segfaults 9 days http://bugs.python.org/issue7065 pitrou patch inspect.isabstract to return boolean values only 9 days http://bugs.python.org/issue7069 benjamin.peterson patch logging.handlers.SysLogHandler with TCP support 2 days http://bugs.python.org/issue7086 vinay.sajip patch Distutils build ignores the --compiler command line option 5 days http://bugs.python.org/issue7091 tarek Multiprocessing.Array(lock=False) fails 0 days http://bugs.python.org/issue7095 jnoller urlparse.urljoin of simple "http://" and "somedomain.com" produc 0 days http://bugs.python.org/issue7097 brett.cannon Error in config parser example (w/ Patch) 0 days http://bugs.python.org/issue7103 r.david.murray patch test_descr uses __cmp__ which will never be called 0 days http://bugs.python.org/issue7104 benjamin.peterson Python crashed in the middle of an argument between wx and boa_c 0 days http://bugs.python.org/issue7106 bvn broken link on news page 0 days http://bugs.python.org/issue7109 mkiever unicodetype_db.h warning: integer constant is too large for 'lon 2 days http://bugs.python.org/issue7112 amaury.forgeotdarc extension module builds fail when using paths in the extension n 1 days http://bugs.python.org/issue7115 tarek str.join() should be documented as taking an iterable 2 days http://bugs.python.org/issue7116 georg.brandl patch logging depends on multiprocessing 3 days http://bugs.python.org/issue7120 vinay.sajip ImportError of urllib.request & http.client under PYTHONHOME/Lib 0 days http://bugs.python.org/issue7121 ezio.melotti multiprocessing.Pool() problem in windows 0 days http://bugs.python.org/issue7122 amaury.forgeotdarc typo (English) in threading.py 0 days http://bugs.python.org/issue7125 georg.brandl Contradictory documentation for os.putenv and os.system 0 days http://bugs.python.org/issue7126 georg.brandl 'filling' missing in __all__ ot turtle.py 0 days http://bugs.python.org/issue7129 georg.brandl patch json uses sre_* modules which may not work on alternate implemen 0 days http://bugs.python.org/issue7130 pitrou AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'HTTPSConnectio 0 days http://bugs.python.org/issue7135 r.david.murray imp.new_module does not function correctly if the module is retu 0 days http://bugs.python.org/issue7140 benjamin.peterson __repr__ of memoryview object has type unicode; should be str. 0 days http://bugs.python.org/issue7142 mark.dickinson patch socket.py: r75412 broke build 0 days http://bugs.python.org/issue7148 kbk dict subclass breaks cPickle noload() 1736 days http://bugs.python.org/issue1101399 nascheme Digest Authentication not working in all cases 1499 days http://bugs.python.org/issue1285440 orsenthil patch, easy Tighter co_stacksize computation in stackdepth_walk 823 days http://bugs.python.org/issue1754094 nascheme patch Top Issues Most Discussed (10) ______________________________ 23 Regexp: capturing groups in repetitions 2 days open http://bugs.python.org/issue7132 19 logging depends on multiprocessing 3 days closed http://bugs.python.org/issue7120 13 Compilation error if configuref --with-computed-gotos 78 days open http://bugs.python.org/issue6603 11 Multiprocess Process does not always exit when run from a threa 2 days open http://bugs.python.org/issue7123 9 elementtree segfaults on invalid xml declaration 1 days open http://bugs.python.org/issue7138 7 Python 2.6.3 / setuptools 0.6c9: extension module builds fail w 1 days closed http://bugs.python.org/issue7064 7 test_multiprocessing dictionary changed size errors and hang 12 days open http://bugs.python.org/issue7060 7 Unicode case mappings are incorrect 311 days open http://bugs.python.org/issue4610 6 core dump when stderr is moved 4 days open http://bugs.python.org/issue7111 6 Test suite emits many DeprecationWarnings when -3 is enabled 7 days open http://bugs.python.org/issue7092

1 0

Better module shutdown procedure
by Neil Schemenauer 16 Oct '09

16 Oct '09

The current shutdown code in pythonrun.c zaps module globals by setting them to None (an attempt to break reference cycles). That causes problems since __del__ methods can try to use the globals after they have been set to None. The procedure implemented by http://bugs.python.org/issue812369 seems to be a better idea. References to modules are replaced by weak references and the GC is allowed to cleanup reference cycles. I would like to commit this change but I'm not sure if it is a good time in the development cycle or if anyone has objections to the idea. Please speak up if you have input. Neil

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Python-Dev October 2009