Mailman 3 July 2020 - Python-Dev

PEP 1, PEP Purpose and Guidelines
by barry＠zope.com 18 May '21

18 May '21

It has been a while since I posted a copy of PEP 1 to the mailing lists and newsgroups. I've recently done some updating of a few sections, so in the interest of gaining wider community participation in the Python development process, I'm posting the latest revision of PEP 1 here. A version of the PEP is always available on-line at http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0001.html Enjoy, -Barry -------------------- snip snip -------------------- PEP: 1 Title: PEP Purpose and Guidelines Version: $Revision: 1.36 $ Last-Modified: $Date: 2002/07/29 18:34:59 $ Author: Barry A. Warsaw, Jeremy Hylton Status: Active Type: Informational Created: 13-Jun-2000 Post-History: 21-Mar-2001, 29-Jul-2002 What is a PEP? PEP stands for Python Enhancement Proposal. A PEP is a design document providing information to the Python community, or describing a new feature for Python. The PEP should provide a concise technical specification of the feature and a rationale for the feature. We intend PEPs to be the primary mechanisms for proposing new features, for collecting community input on an issue, and for documenting the design decisions that have gone into Python. The PEP author is responsible for building consensus within the community and documenting dissenting opinions. Because the PEPs are maintained as plain text files under CVS control, their revision history is the historical record of the feature proposal[1]. Kinds of PEPs There are two kinds of PEPs. A standards track PEP describes a new feature or implementation for Python. An informational PEP describes a Python design issue, or provides general guidelines or information to the Python community, but does not propose a new feature. Informational PEPs do not necessarily represent a Python community consensus or recommendation, so users and implementors are free to ignore informational PEPs or follow their advice. PEP Work Flow The PEP editor, Barry Warsaw <peps(a)python.org>, assigns numbers for each PEP and changes its status. The PEP process begins with a new idea for Python. It is highly recommended that a single PEP contain a single key proposal or new idea. The more focussed the PEP, the more successfully it tends to be. The PEP editor reserves the right to reject PEP proposals if they appear too unfocussed or too broad. If in doubt, split your PEP into several well-focussed ones. Each PEP must have a champion -- someone who writes the PEP using the style and format described below, shepherds the discussions in the appropriate forums, and attempts to build community consensus around the idea. The PEP champion (a.k.a. Author) should first attempt to ascertain whether the idea is PEP-able. Small enhancements or patches often don't need a PEP and can be injected into the Python development work flow with a patch submission to the SourceForge patch manager[2] or feature request tracker[3]. The PEP champion then emails the PEP editor <peps(a)python.org> with a proposed title and a rough, but fleshed out, draft of the PEP. This draft must be written in PEP style as described below. If the PEP editor approves, he will assign the PEP a number, label it as standards track or informational, give it status 'draft', and create and check-in the initial draft of the PEP. The PEP editor will not unreasonably deny a PEP. Reasons for denying PEP status include duplication of effort, being technically unsound, not providing proper motivation or addressing backwards compatibility, or not in keeping with the Python philosophy. The BDFL (Benevolent Dictator for Life, Guido van Rossum) can be consulted during the approval phase, and is the final arbitrator of the draft's PEP-ability. If a pre-PEP is rejected, the author may elect to take the pre-PEP to the comp.lang.python newsgroup (a.k.a. python-list(a)python.org mailing list) to help flesh it out, gain feedback and consensus from the community at large, and improve the PEP for re-submission. The author of the PEP is then responsible for posting the PEP to the community forums, and marshaling community support for it. As updates are necessary, the PEP author can check in new versions if they have CVS commit permissions, or can email new PEP versions to the PEP editor for committing. Standards track PEPs consists of two parts, a design document and a reference implementation. The PEP should be reviewed and accepted before a reference implementation is begun, unless a reference implementation will aid people in studying the PEP. Standards Track PEPs must include an implementation - in the form of code, patch, or URL to same - before it can be considered Final. PEP authors are responsible for collecting community feedback on a PEP before submitting it for review. A PEP that has not been discussed on python-list(a)python.org and/or python-dev(a)python.org will not be accepted. However, wherever possible, long open-ended discussions on public mailing lists should be avoided. Strategies to keep the discussions efficient include, setting up a separate SIG mailing list for the topic, having the PEP author accept private comments in the early design phases, etc. PEP authors should use their discretion here. Once the authors have completed a PEP, they must inform the PEP editor that it is ready for review. PEPs are reviewed by the BDFL and his chosen consultants, who may accept or reject a PEP or send it back to the author(s) for revision. Once a PEP has been accepted, the reference implementation must be completed. When the reference implementation is complete and accepted by the BDFL, the status will be changed to `Final.' A PEP can also be assigned status `Deferred.' The PEP author or editor can assign the PEP this status when no progress is being made on the PEP. Once a PEP is deferred, the PEP editor can re-assign it to draft status. A PEP can also be `Rejected'. Perhaps after all is said and done it was not a good idea. It is still important to have a record of this fact. PEPs can also be replaced by a different PEP, rendering the original obsolete. This is intended for Informational PEPs, where version 2 of an API can replace version 1. PEP work flow is as follows: Draft -> Accepted -> Final -> Replaced ^ +----> Rejected v Deferred Some informational PEPs may also have a status of `Active' if they are never meant to be completed. E.g. PEP 1. What belongs in a successful PEP? Each PEP should have the following parts: 1. Preamble -- RFC822 style headers containing meta-data about the PEP, including the PEP number, a short descriptive title (limited to a maximum of 44 characters), the names, and optionally the contact info for each author, etc. 2. Abstract -- a short (~200 word) description of the technical issue being addressed. 3. Copyright/public domain -- Each PEP must either be explicitly labelled as placed in the public domain (see this PEP as an example) or licensed under the Open Publication License[4]. 4. Specification -- The technical specification should describe the syntax and semantics of any new language feature. The specification should be detailed enough to allow competing, interoperable implementations for any of the current Python platforms (CPython, JPython, Python .NET). 5. Motivation -- The motivation is critical for PEPs that want to change the Python language. It should clearly explain why the existing language specification is inadequate to address the problem that the PEP solves. PEP submissions without sufficient motivation may be rejected outright. 6. Rationale -- The rationale fleshes out the specification by describing what motivated the design and why particular design decisions were made. It should describe alternate designs that were considered and related work, e.g. how the feature is supported in other languages. The rationale should provide evidence of consensus within the community and discuss important objections or concerns raised during discussion. 7. Backwards Compatibility -- All PEPs that introduce backwards incompatibilities must include a section describing these incompatibilities and their severity. The PEP must explain how the author proposes to deal with these incompatibilities. PEP submissions without a sufficient backwards compatibility treatise may be rejected outright. 8. Reference Implementation -- The reference implementation must be completed before any PEP is given status 'Final,' but it need not be completed before the PEP is accepted. It is better to finish the specification and rationale first and reach consensus on it before writing code. The final implementation must include test code and documentation appropriate for either the Python language reference or the standard library reference. PEP Template PEPs are written in plain ASCII text, and should adhere to a rigid style. There is a Python script that parses this style and converts the plain text PEP to HTML for viewing on the web[5]. PEP 9 contains a boilerplate[7] template you can use to get started writing your PEP. Each PEP must begin with an RFC822 style header preamble. The headers must appear in the following order. Headers marked with `*' are optional and are described below. All other headers are required. PEP: <pep number> Title: <pep title> Version: <cvs version string> Last-Modified: <cvs date string> Author: <list of authors' real names and optionally, email addrs> * Discussions-To: <email address> Status: <Draft | Active | Accepted | Deferred | Final | Replaced> Type: <Informational | Standards Track> * Requires: <pep numbers> Created: <date created on, in dd-mmm-yyyy format> * Python-Version: <version number> Post-History: <dates of postings to python-list and python-dev> * Replaces: <pep number> * Replaced-By: <pep number> The Author: header lists the names and optionally, the email addresses of all the authors/owners of the PEP. The format of the author entry should be address(a)dom.ain (Random J. User) if the email address is included, and just Random J. User if the address is not given. If there are multiple authors, each should be on a separate line following RFC 822 continuation line conventions. Note that personal email addresses in PEPs will be obscured as a defense against spam harvesters. Standards track PEPs must have a Python-Version: header which indicates the version of Python that the feature will be released with. Informational PEPs do not need a Python-Version: header. While a PEP is in private discussions (usually during the initial Draft phase), a Discussions-To: header will indicate the mailing list or URL where the PEP is being discussed. No Discussions-To: header is necessary if the PEP is being discussed privately with the author, or on the python-list or python-dev email mailing lists. Note that email addresses in the Discussions-To: header will not be obscured. Created: records the date that the PEP was assigned a number, while Post-History: is used to record the dates of when new versions of the PEP are posted to python-list and/or python-dev. Both headers should be in dd-mmm-yyyy format, e.g. 14-Aug-2001. PEPs may have a Requires: header, indicating the PEP numbers that this PEP depends on. PEPs may also have a Replaced-By: header indicating that a PEP has been rendered obsolete by a later document; the value is the number of the PEP that replaces the current document. The newer PEP must have a Replaces: header containing the number of the PEP that it rendered obsolete. PEP Formatting Requirements PEP headings must begin in column zero and the initial letter of each word must be capitalized as in book titles. Acronyms should be in all capitals. The body of each section must be indented 4 spaces. Code samples inside body sections should be indented a further 4 spaces, and other indentation can be used as required to make the text readable. You must use two blank lines between the last line of a section's body and the next section heading. You must adhere to the Emacs convention of adding two spaces at the end of every sentence. You should fill your paragraphs to column 70, but under no circumstances should your lines extend past column 79. If your code samples spill over column 79, you should rewrite them. Tab characters must never appear in the document at all. A PEP should include the standard Emacs stanza included by example at the bottom of this PEP. A PEP must contain a Copyright section, and it is strongly recommended to put the PEP in the public domain. When referencing an external web page in the body of a PEP, you should include the title of the page in the text, with a footnote reference to the URL. Do not include the URL in the body text of the PEP. E.g. Refer to the Python Language web site [1] for more details. ... [1] http://www.python.org When referring to another PEP, include the PEP number in the body text, such as "PEP 1". The title may optionally appear. Add a footnote reference that includes the PEP's title and author. It may optionally include the explicit URL on a separate line, but only in the References section. Note that the pep2html.py script will calculate URLs automatically, e.g.: ... Refer to PEP 1 [7] for more information about PEP style ... References [7] PEP 1, PEP Purpose and Guidelines, Warsaw, Hylton http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0001.html If you decide to provide an explicit URL for a PEP, please use this as the URL template: http://www.python.org/peps/pep-xxxx.html PEP numbers in URLs must be padded with zeros from the left, so as to be exactly 4 characters wide, however PEP numbers in text are never padded. Reporting PEP Bugs, or Submitting PEP Updates How you report a bug, or submit a PEP update depends on several factors, such as the maturity of the PEP, the preferences of the PEP author, and the nature of your comments. For the early draft stages of the PEP, it's probably best to send your comments and changes directly to the PEP author. For more mature, or finished PEPs you may want to submit corrections to the SourceForge bug manager[6] or better yet, the SourceForge patch manager[2] so that your changes don't get lost. If the PEP author is a SF developer, assign the bug/patch to him, otherwise assign it to the PEP editor. When in doubt about where to send your changes, please check first with the PEP author and/or PEP editor. PEP authors who are also SF committers, can update the PEPs themselves by using "cvs commit" to commit their changes. Remember to also push the formatted PEP text out to the web by doing the following: % python pep2html.py -i NUM where NUM is the number of the PEP you want to push out. See % python pep2html.py --help for details. Transferring PEP Ownership It occasionally becomes necessary to transfer ownership of PEPs to a new champion. In general, we'd like to retain the original author as a co-author of the transferred PEP, but that's really up to the original author. A good reason to transfer ownership is because the original author no longer has the time or interest in updating it or following through with the PEP process, or has fallen off the face of the 'net (i.e. is unreachable or not responding to email). A bad reason to transfer ownership is because you don't agree with the direction of the PEP. We try to build consensus around a PEP, but if that's not possible, you can always submit a competing PEP. If you are interested assuming ownership of a PEP, send a message asking to take over, addressed to both the original author and the PEP editor <peps(a)python.org>. If the original author doesn't respond to email in a timely manner, the PEP editor will make a unilateral decision (it's not like such decisions can be reversed. :). References and Footnotes [1] This historical record is available by the normal CVS commands for retrieving older revisions. For those without direct access to the CVS tree, you can browse the current and past PEP revisions via the SourceForge web site at http://cvs.sourceforge.net/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/python/nondist/peps/?cvsroot=… [2] http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=5470&atid=305470 [3] http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?atid=355470&group_id=5470&func=browse [4] http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/ [5] The script referred to here is pep2html.py, which lives in the same directory in the CVS tree as the PEPs themselves. Try "pep2html.py --help" for details. The URL for viewing PEPs on the web is http://www.python.org/peps/ [6] http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=5470&atid=305470 [7] PEP 9, Sample PEP Template http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0009.html Copyright This document has been placed in the public domain. Local Variables: mode: indented-text indent-tabs-mode: nil sentence-end-double-space: t fill-column: 70 End:

8 14

Boundaries between numbers and identifiers
by Serhiy Storchaka 15 Apr '21

15 Apr '21

In Python 2.5 `0or[]` was accepted by the Python parser. It became an error in 2.6 because "0o" became recognizing as an incomplete octal number. `1or[]` still is accepted. On other hand, `1if 2else 3` is accepted despites the fact that "2e" can be recognized as an incomplete floating point number. In this case the tokenizer pushes "e" back and returns "2". Shouldn't it do the same with "0o"? It is possible to make `0or[]` be parseable again. Python implementation is able to tokenize this example: $ echo '0or[]' | ./python -m tokenize 1,0-1,1: NUMBER '0' 1,1-1,3: NAME 'or' 1,3-1,4: OP '[' 1,4-1,5: OP ']' 1,5-1,6: NEWLINE '\n' 2,0-2,0: ENDMARKER '' On other hand, all these examples look weird. There is an assymmetry: `1or 2` is a valid syntax, but `1 or2` is not. It is hard to recognize visually the boundary between a number and the following identifier or keyword, especially if numbers can contain letters ("b", "e", "j", "o", "x") and underscores, and identifiers can contain digits. On both sides of the boundary can be letters, digits, and underscores. I propose to change the Python syntax by adding a requirement that there should be a whitespace or delimiter between a numeric literal and the following keyword.

8 10

PEP 624: Remove Py_UNICODE encoder APIs
by Inada Naoki 04 Feb '21

04 Feb '21

Hi, folks. Since the previous discussion was suspended without consensus, I wrote a new PEP for it. (Thank you Victor for reviewing it!) This PEP looks very similar to PEP 623 "Remove wstr from Unicode", but for encoder APIs, not for Unicode object APIs. URL (not available yet): https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0624/ --- PEP: 624 Title: Remove Py_UNICODE encoder APIs Author: Inada Naoki <songofacandy(a)gmail.com> Status: Draft Type: Standards Track Content-Type: text/x-rst Created: 06-Jul-2020 Python-Version: 3.11 Abstract ======== This PEP proposes to remove deprecated ``Py_UNICODE`` encoder APIs in Python 3.11: * ``PyUnicode_Encode()`` * ``PyUnicode_EncodeASCII()`` * ``PyUnicode_EncodeLatin1()`` * ``PyUnicode_EncodeUTF7()`` * ``PyUnicode_EncodeUTF8()`` * ``PyUnicode_EncodeUTF16()`` * ``PyUnicode_EncodeUTF32()`` * ``PyUnicode_EncodeUnicodeEscape()`` * ``PyUnicode_EncodeRawUnicodeEscape()`` * ``PyUnicode_EncodeCharmap()`` * ``PyUnicode_TranslateCharmap()`` * ``PyUnicode_EncodeDecimal()`` * ``PyUnicode_TransformDecimalToASCII()`` .. note:: `PEP 623 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0623/>`_ propose to remove Unicode object APIs relating to ``Py_UNICODE``. On the other hand, this PEP is not relating to Unicode object. These PEPs are split because they have different motivation and need different discussion. Motivation ========== In general, reducing the number of APIs that have been deprecated for a long time and have few users is a good idea for not only it improves the maintainability of CPython, but it also helps API users and other Python implementations. Rationale ========= Deprecated since Python 3.3 --------------------------- ``Py_UNICODE`` and APIs using it are deprecated since Python 3.3. Inefficient ----------- All of these APIs are implemented using ``PyUnicode_FromWideChar``. So these APIs are inefficient when user want to encode Unicode object. Not used widely --------------- When searching from top 4000 PyPI packages [1]_, only pyodbc use these APIs. * ``PyUnicode_EncodeUTF8()`` * ``PyUnicode_EncodeUTF16()`` pyodbc uses these APIs to encode Unicode object into bytes object. So it is easy to fix it. [2]_ Alternative APIs ================ There are alternative APIs to accept ``PyObject *unicode`` instead of ``Py_UNICODE *``. Users can migrate to them. ========================================= ========================================== Deprecated API Alternative APIs ========================================= ========================================== ``PyUnicode_Encode()`` ``PyUnicode_AsEncodedString()`` ``PyUnicode_EncodeASCII()`` ``PyUnicode_AsASCIIString()`` \(1) ``PyUnicode_EncodeLatin1()`` ``PyUnicode_AsLatin1String()`` \(1) ``PyUnicode_EncodeUTF7()`` \(2) ``PyUnicode_EncodeUTF8()`` ``PyUnicode_AsUTF8String()`` \(1) ``PyUnicode_EncodeUTF16()`` ``PyUnicode_AsUTF16String()`` \(3) ``PyUnicode_EncodeUTF32()`` ``PyUnicode_AsUTF32String()`` \(3) ``PyUnicode_EncodeUnicodeEscape()`` ``PyUnicode_AsUnicodeEscapeString()`` ``PyUnicode_EncodeRawUnicodeEscape()`` ``PyUnicode_AsRawUnicodeEscapeString()`` ``PyUnicode_EncodeCharmap()`` ``PyUnicode_AsCharmapString()`` \(1) ``PyUnicode_TranslateCharmap()`` ``PyUnicode_Translate()`` ``PyUnicode_EncodeDecimal()`` \(4) ``PyUnicode_TransformDecimalToASCII()`` \(4) ========================================= ========================================== Notes: (1) ``const char *errors`` parameter is missing. (2) There is no public alternative API. But user can use generic ``PyUnicode_AsEncodedString()`` instead. (3) ``const char *errors, int byteorder`` parameters are missing. (4) There is no direct replacement. But ``Py_UNICODE_TODECIMAL`` can be used instead. CPython uses ``_PyUnicode_TransformDecimalAndSpaceToASCII`` for converting from Unicode to numbers instead. Plan ==== Python 3.9 ---------- Add ``Py_DEPRECATED(3.3)`` to following APIs. This change is committed already [3]_. All other APIs have been marked ``Py_DEPRECATED(3.3)`` already. * ``PyUnicode_EncodeDecimal()`` * ``PyUnicode_TransformDecimalToASCII()``. Document all APIs as "will be removed in version 3.11". Python 3.11 ----------- These APIs are removed. * ``PyUnicode_Encode()`` * ``PyUnicode_EncodeASCII()`` * ``PyUnicode_EncodeLatin1()`` * ``PyUnicode_EncodeUTF7()`` * ``PyUnicode_EncodeUTF8()`` * ``PyUnicode_EncodeUTF16()`` * ``PyUnicode_EncodeUTF32()`` * ``PyUnicode_EncodeUnicodeEscape()`` * ``PyUnicode_EncodeRawUnicodeEscape()`` * ``PyUnicode_EncodeCharmap()`` * ``PyUnicode_TranslateCharmap()`` * ``PyUnicode_EncodeDecimal()`` * ``PyUnicode_TransformDecimalToASCII()`` Alternative ideas ================= Instead of just removing deprecated APIs, we may be able to use thier names with different signature. Make some private APIs public ------------------------------ ``PyUnicode_EncodeUTF7()`` doesn't have public alternative APIs. Some APIs have alternative public APIs. But they are missing ``const char *errors`` or ``int byteorder`` parameters. We can rename some private APIs and make them public to cover missing APIs and parameters. ============================= ================================ Rename to Rename from ============================= ================================ ``PyUnicode_EncodeASCII()`` ``_PyUnicode_AsASCIIString()`` ``PyUnicode_EncodeLatin1()`` ``_PyUnicode_AsLatin1String()`` ``PyUnicode_EncodeUTF7()`` ``_PyUnicode_EncodeUTF7()`` ``PyUnicode_EncodeUTF8()`` ``_PyUnicode_AsUTF8String()`` ``PyUnicode_EncodeUTF16()`` ``_PyUnicode_EncodeUTF16()`` ``PyUnicode_EncodeUTF32()`` ``_PyUnicode_EncodeUTF32()`` ============================= ================================ Pros: * We have more consistent API set. Cons: * We have more public APIs to maintain. * Existing public APIs are enough for most use cases, and ``PyUnicode_AsEncodedString()`` can be used in other cases. Replace ``Py_UNICODE*`` with ``Py_UCS4*`` ----------------------------------------- We can replace ``Py_UNICODE`` (typedef of ``wchar_t``) with ``Py_UCS4``. Since builtin codecs support UCS-4, we don't need to convert ``Py_UCS4*`` string to Unicode object. Pros: * We have more consistent API set. * User can encode UCS-4 string in C without creating Unicode object. Cons: * We have more public APIs to maintain. * Applications which uses UTF-8 or UTF-32 can not use these APIs anyway. * Other Python implementations may not have builtin codec for UCS-4. * If we change the Unicode internal representation to UTF-8, we need to keep UCS-4 support only for these APIs. Replace ``Py_UNICODE*`` with ``wchar_t*`` ----------------------------------------- We can replace ``Py_UNICODE`` to ``wchar_t``. Pros: * We have more consistent API set. * Backward compatible. Cons: * We have more public APIs to maintain. * They are inefficient on platforms ``wchar_t*`` is UTF-16. It is because built-in codecs supports only UCS-1, UCS-2, and UCS-4 input. Rejected ideas ============== Using runtime warning --------------------- These APIs doesn't release GIL for now. Emitting a warning from such APIs is not safe. See this example. .. code-block:: PyObject *u = PyList_GET_ITEM(list, i); // u is borrowed reference. PyObject *b = PyUnicode_EncodeUTF8(PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(u), PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(u), NULL); // Assumes u is still living reference. PyObject *t = PyTuple_Pack(2, u, b); Py_DECREF(b); return t; If we emit Python warning from ``PyUnicode_EncodeUTF8()``, warning filters and other threads may change the ``list`` and ``u`` can be a dangling reference after ``PyUnicode_EncodeUTF8()`` returned. Additionally, since we are not changing behavior but removing C APIs, runtime ``DeprecationWarning`` might not helpful for Python developers. We should warn to extension developers instead. Discussions =========== * `Plan to remove Py_UNICODE APis except PEP 623 <https://mail.python.org/archives/list/python-dev@python.org/thread/S7KW2U6I…>`_ * `bpo-41123: Remove Py_UNICODE APIs except PEP 623: <https://bugs.python.org/issue41123>`_ References ========== .. [1] Source package list chosen from top 4000 PyPI packages. (https://github.com/methane/notes/blob/master/2020/wchar-cache/package_list.…) .. [2] pyodbc -- Don't use PyUnicode_Encode API #792 (https://github.com/mkleehammer/pyodbc/pull/792) .. [3] Uncomment Py_DEPRECATED for Py_UNICODE APIs (GH-21318) (https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/9c3840870814493fed62e140cfa43c2883…) Copyright ========= This document has been placed in the public domain. -- Inada Naoki <songofacandy(a)gmail.com>

9 27

pathlib.Path: inconsistent symlink_to() and link_to()
by Barney Gale 22 Jan '21

22 Jan '21

Hi, Pathlib's symlink_to() and link_to() methods have different argument orders, so: a.symlink_to(b) # Creates a symlink from A to B a.link_to(b) # Creates a hard link from B to A I don't think link_to() was intended to be implemented this way, as the docs say "Create a hard link pointing to a path named target.". It's also inconsistent with everything else in pathlib, most obviously symlink_to(). Bug report here: https://bugs.python.org/issue39291 This /really/ irks me. Apparently it's too late to fix link_to(), so I'd like to suggest we add a new hardlink_to() method that matches the symlink_to() argument order. link_to() then becomes deprecated/undocumented. Any thoughts? Barney

4 5

Python Documentation, Python language improvement, and productive discussion
by Carol Willing 09 Oct '20

09 Oct '20

Hi folks, Earlier this year at the Python Language Summit, Ned Batchelder and I presented the concept of a Documentation Workgroup and a vision for the next few years: - Slidedeck https://speakerdeck.com/willingc/cpython-documentation-the-next-5-years - Blog post https://pyfound.blogspot.com/2020/04/cpython-documentation-next-5-years.html Due to some health issues that I have had the past few months, I haven't yet set up the workgroup. It's a priority of mine for July. We will have an open call for workgroup participants. There's a lot going on in the world with COVID19 that is impacting our lives directly and indirectly. I encourage the core development community to consider how what they share about their feelings on PEP8 may impact others. Clearly, this is an issue where it's unlikely that there will be universal agreement. As you consider additional posts about PEP8, I encourage you to think about whether your post improves the Python language before hitting Send. Stay safe as we all live together in a world facing unusual constraints due to COVID19. Warmly, Carol

8 7

PEP 622 version 2 (Structural Pattern Matching)
by Guido van Rossum 04 Sep '20

04 Sep '20

Today I’m happy (and a little trepidatious) to announce the next version of PEP 622, Pattern Matching. As authors we welcome Daniel F Moisset in our midst. Daniel wrote a lot of the new text in this version, which introduces the subject matter much more gently than the first version did. He also convinced us to drop the `__match__` protocol for now: the proposal stands quite well without that kind of extensibility, and postponing it will allow us to design it at a later time when we have more experience with how `match` is being used. That said, the new version does not differ dramatically in what we propose. Apart from dropping `__match__` we’re dropping the leading dot to mark named constants, without a replacement, and everything else looks like we’re digging in our heels. Why is that? Given the firestorm of feedback we received and the numerous proposals (still coming) for alternative syntax, it seems a bad tactic not to give up something more substantial in order to get this proposal passed. Let me explain. Language design is not like politics. It’s not like mathematics either, but I don’t think this situation is at all similar to negotiating a higher minimum wage in exchange for a lower pension, where you can definitely argue about exactly how much lower/higher you’re willing to go. So I don’t think it’s right to propose making the feature a little bit uglier just to get it accepted. Frankly, 90% of the issue is about what among the authors we’ve dubbed the “load/store” problem (although Tobias never tires to explain that the “load” part is really “load-and-compare”). There’s a considerable section devoted to this topic in the PEP, but I’d like to give it another try here. In case you’ve been avoiding python-dev lately, the problem is this. Pattern matching lets you capture values from the subject, similar to sequence unpacking, so that you can write for example ``` x = range(4) match x: case (a, b, *rest): print(f"first={a}, second={b}, rest={rest}") # 0, 1, [2, 3] ``` Here the `case` line captures the contents of the subject `x` in three variables named `a`, `b` and `rest`. This is easy to understand by pretending that a pattern (i.e., what follows `case`) is like the LHS of an assignment. However, in order to make pattern matching more useful and versatile, the pattern matching syntax also allows using literals instead of capture variables. This is really handy when you want to distinguish different cases based on some value, for example ``` match t: case ("rect", real, imag): return complex(real, imag) case ("polar", r, phi): return complex(r * cos(phi), r * sin(phi)) ``` You might not even notice anything funny here if I didn’t point out that `"rect"` and `"polar"` are literals -- it’s really quite natural for patterns to support this once you think about it. The problem that everybody’s been concerned about is that Python programmers, like C programmers before them, aren’t too keen to have literals like this all over their code, and would rather give names to the literals, for example ``` USE_POLAR = "polar" USE_RECT = "rect" ``` Now we would like to be able to replace those literals with the corresponding names throughout our code and have everything work like before: ``` match t: case (USE_RECT, real, imag): return complex(real, imag) case (USE_POLAR, r, phi): return complex(r * cos(phi), r * sin(phi)) ``` Alas, the compiler doesn’t know that we want `USE_RECT` to be a constant value to be matched while we intend `real` and `imag` to be variables to be given the corresponding values captured from the subject. So various clever ways have been proposed to distinguish the two cases. This discussion is not new to the authors: before we ever published the first version of the PEP we vigorously debated this (it is Issue 1 in our tracker!), and other languages before us have also had to come to grips with it. Even many statically compiled languages! The reason is that for reasons of usability it’s usually deemed important that their equivalent of `case` auto-declare the captured variables, and variable declarations may hide (override) like-named variables in outer scopes. Scala, for example, uses several different rules: first, capture variable names must start with a lowercase letter (so it would handle the above example as intended); next, capture variables cannot be dotted names (like `mod.var`); finally, you can enclose any variable in backticks to force the compiler to see it as a load instead of a store. Elixir uses another form of markup for loads: `x` is a capture variable, but `^x` loads and compares the value of `x`. There are a number of dead ends when looking for a solution that works for Python. Checking at runtime whether a name is defined or not is one of these: there are numerous reasons why this could be confusing, not the least of which being that the `match` may be executed in a loop and the variable may already be bound by a previous iteration. (True, this has to do with the scope we’ve adopted for capture variables. But believe me, giving each case clause its own scope is quite horrible by itself, and there are other action-at-a-distance effects that are equally bad.) It’s been proposed to explicitly state the names of the variables bound in a header of the `match` statement; but this doesn’t scale when the number of cases becomes larger, and requires users to do bookkeeping the compiler should be able to do. We’re really looking for a solution that tells you when you’re looking at an individual `case` which variables are captured and which are used for load-and-compare. Marking up the capture variables with some sigil (e.g. `$x` or `x?`) or other markup (e.g. backticks or `<x>`) makes this common case ugly and inconsistent: it’s unpleasant to see for example ``` case %x, %y: print(x, y) ``` No other language we’ve surveyed uses special markup for capture variables; some use special markup for load-and-compare, so we’ve explored this. In fact, in version 1 of the PEP our long-debated solution was to use a leading dot. This was however boohed off the field, so for version 2 we reconsidered. In the end nothing struck our fancy (if `.x` is unacceptable, it’s unclear why `^x` would be any better), and we chose a simpler rule: named constants are only recognized when referenced via some namespace, such as `mod.var` or `Color.RED`. We believe it’s acceptable that things looking like `mod.var` are never considered capture variables -- the common use cases for `match` are such that one would almost never want to capture into a different namespace. (Just like you very rarely see `for self.i in …` and never `except E as scope.var` -- the latter is illegal syntax and sets a precedent.) One author would dearly have seen Scala’s uppercase rule adopted, but in the end was convinced by the others that this was a bad idea, both because there’s no precedent in Python’s syntax, and because many human languages simply don’t make the distinction between lowercase and uppercase in their writing systems. So what should you do if you have a local variable (say, a function argument) that you want to use as a value in a pattern? One solution is to capture the value in another variable and use a guard to compare that variable to the argument: ``` def foo(x, spam): match x: case Point(p, q, context=c) if c == spam: # Match ``` If this really is a deal-breaker after all other issues have been settled, we could go back to considering some special markup for load-and-compare of simple names (even though we expect this case to be very rare). But there’s no pressing need to decide to do this now -- we can always add new markup for this purpose in a future version, as long as we continue to support dotted names without markup, since that *is* a commonly needed case. There’s one other issue where in the end we could be convinced to compromise: whether to add an `else` clause in addition to `case _`. In fact, we probably would already have added it, except for one detail: it’s unclear whether the `else` should be aligned with `case` or `match`. If we are to add this we would have to ask the Steering Council to decide for us, as the authors deadlocked on this question. Regarding the syntax for wildcards and OR patterns, the PEP explains why `_` and `|` are the best choices here: no other language surveyed uses anything but `_` for wildcards, and the vast majority uses `|` for OR patterns. A similar argument applies to class patterns. If you've made it so far, here are the links to check out, with an open mind. As a reminder, the introductory sections (Abstract, Overview, and Rationale and Goals) have been entirely rewritten and also serve as introduction and tutorial. - PEP 622: https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0622/ - Playground: https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/gvanrossum/patma/master?urlpath=lab/tree/playgro… -- --Guido van Rossum (python.org/~guido) *Pronouns: he/him **(why is my pronoun here?)* <http://feministing.com/2015/02/03/how-using-they-as-a-singular-pronoun-can-…>

49 141

PEP 622 and variadic positional-only args
by Oscar Benjamin 13 Aug '20

13 Aug '20

I've taken a look through PEP 622 and I've been thinking about how it could be used with sympy. In principle case/match and destructuring should be useful for sympy because sympy has a class Basic which defines a common structure for ~1000 subclasses. There are a lot of places where it is necessary to dispatch on the type of some object including in places that are performance sensitive so those would seem like good candidates for case/match. However the PEP doesn't quite seem as I hoped because it only handles positional arguments indirectly and it does not seem to directly handle types with variadic positional args. The objects I refer to in sympy represent mathematical expressions e.g.: >>> from sympy import * >>> x, y = symbols('x, y') >>> expr = x**2 + 2*x*y >>> expr x**2 + 2*x*y You can see the structure of the object explicitly using sympy's srepr function: >>> print(srepr(expr)) Add(Pow(Symbol('x'), Integer(2)), Mul(Integer(2), Symbol('x'), Symbol('y'))) There are a bunch of classes there (Add, Pow, Symbol, Mul, Integer) but these are a tiny subset of the possibilities. The key feature of Basic instances is that they have an .args attribute which can be used to rebuild the object like: >>> expr.args (x**2, 2*x*y) >>> type(expr) <class 'sympy.core.add.Add'> >>> type(expr)(*expr.args) x**2 + 2*x*y >>> type(expr)(*expr.args) == expr True This is known as the func-args invariant in sympy and is used to destructure and rebuild the expression tree in different ways e.g. for performing a substitution: >>> expr.subs(x, 5) 10*y + 25 All Basic classes are strictly constructed using positional only arguments and not keyword arguments. In the PEP it seems that we can handle positional arguments when their number is fixed by the type. For example a simplified version of Pow could be: class Pow: def __init__(self, base, exp): self.args = (base, exp) __match_args__ == ("base", "exp") @property def base(self): return self.args[0] @property def exp(self): return self.args[1] Then I could match Pow in case/match with obj = Pow(Symbol('x'), Integer(4)) match obj: case Pow(base, exp): # do stuff with base, exp It seems awkward and inefficient though to go through __match_args__ and the base and exp property-methods to match the positional arguments when they are already available as a tuple in obj.args. Note that performance is a concern: just dispatching on isinstance() has a measurable overhead in sympy code which is almost always CPU-bound. The main problem though is with variadic positional arguments. For example sympy has a symbolic Tuple class which is much like a regular python tuple except that it takes multiple positional args rather than a single iterable arg: class Tuple: def __init__(self, *args): self.args = args So now how do I match a 2-Tuple of two integers? I can't use __match_args__ because that's a class attribute and different instances have different numbers of args. It seems I can do this: obj = Tuple(2, 4) match obj: case Tuple(args=(2, 4)): That's awkward though because it doesn't match the constructor syntax which strictly uses positional-only args. It also doesn't scale well with nesting: obj = Tuple(Tuple(1, 2), Tuple(3, 4)) match obj: case Tuple(args=(Tuple(args=(1, 2)), Tuple(args=(3, 4))): # handle ((1, 2), (3, 4)) case Another option would be to fake a single positional argument for matching purposes: class Tuple: __match_args__ == ("args",) def __init__(self, *args): self.args = args match obj: case Tuple((Tuple((1, 2)), Tuple((3, 4)))): This requires an extra level of brackets for each node and also doesn't match the actual constructor syntax: evaluating that pattern in sympy turns each Tuple into a 1-Tuple containing another Tuple of the args: >>> t = Tuple((Tuple((1, 2)), Tuple((3, 4)))) >>> print(srepr(t)) Tuple(Tuple(Tuple(Tuple(Integer(1), Integer(2))), Tuple(Tuple(Integer(3), Integer(4))))) I've used Tuple in the examples above but the same applies to all variadic Basic classes: Add, Mul, And, Or, FiniteSet, Union, Intersection, ProductSet, ... From a first glimpse of the proposal I thought I could do matches like this: match obj: case Add(Mul(x, y), Mul(z, t)) if y == t: case Add(*terms): case Mul(coeff, *factors): case And(Or(A, B), Or(C, D)) if B == D: case Union(Interval(x1, y1), Interval(x2, y2)) if y1 == x2: case Union(Interval(x, y), FiniteSet(*p)) | Union(FiniteSet(*p), Interval(x, y)): case Union(*sets): Knowing the sympy codebase each of those patterns would look quite natural because they resemble the constructors for the corresponding objects (as intended in the PEP). It seems instead that many of these constructors would need to have args= so it becomes: match obj: case Add(args=(Mul(args=(x, y)), Mul(args=(z, t)))) if y == t: case Add(args=terms): case Mul(args=(coeff, *factors)): case And(args=(Or(args=(A, B)), Or(args=(C, D)))) if C == D: case Union(args=(Interval(x1, y1), Interval(x2, y2))) if y1 == x2: case Union(args=(Interval(x, y), FiniteSet(args=p))) | Union(args=(FiniteSet(args=p), Interval(x, y))): case Union(args=sets): Each of these looks less natural as they don't match the constructors and the syntax gets messier with nesting. Oscar

4 4

Fwd: [pypi-announce] upgrade to pip 20.2 -- plus changes coming in 20.3
by Sumana Harihareswara 03 Aug '20

03 Aug '20

A new pip is out. Please see below, upgrade, and let us know if you/your users start to have trouble. In particular, we need your feedback on the beta of the new dependency resolver, because we want to make it the default in the October release. best, Sumana Harihareswara, pip project manager -------- Forwarded Message -------- Subject: [pypi-announce] upgrade to pip 20.2 -- plus changes coming in 20.3 Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2020 11:24:58 -0400 From: Sumana Harihareswara <sh(a)changeset.nyc> Reply-To: distutils-sig(a)python.org Organization: Changeset Consulting To: pypi-announce(a)python.org On behalf of the Python Packaging Authority, I am pleased to announce the release of pip 20.2. Please upgrade for speed improvements, bug fixes, and better logging. You can install it by running python -m pip install --upgrade pip. We make major releases each quarter, so this is the first new release since 20.1 in April. NOTICE: This release includes the beta of the next-generation dependency resolver. It is significantly stricter and more consistent when it receives incompatible instructions, and reduces support for certain kinds of constraints files, so some workarounds and workflows may break. Please test it with the `--use-feature=2020-resolver` flag. Please see our guide on how to test and migrate, and how to report issues <https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/user_guide/#changes-to-the-pip-dependency-res…>. The new dependency resolver is *off by default* because it is *not yet ready for everyday use*. For release highlights and thank-yous, please see <https://blog.python.org/2020/07/upgrade-pip-20-2-changes-20-3.html> . The full changelog is at <https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/news/>. Future: We plan to make pip's next quarterly release, 20.3, in October 2020. We are preparing to change the default dependency resolution behavior and make the new resolver the default in pip 20.3. -- Sumana Harihareswara project manager for pip, on contract with Python Software Foundation Changeset Consulting, https://changeset.nyc _______________________________________________ pypi-announce mailing list -- pypi-announce(a)python.org To unsubscribe send an email to pypi-announce-leave(a)python.org https://mail.python.org/mailman3/lists/pypi-announce.python.org/

2 4

Summary of Python tracker Issues
by Python tracker 31 Jul '20

31 Jul '20

ACTIVITY SUMMARY (2020-07-24 - 2020-07-31) Python tracker at https://bugs.python.org/ To view or respond to any of the issues listed below, click on the issue. Do NOT respond to this message. Issues counts and deltas: open 7584 (+15) closed 45608 (+48) total 53192 (+63) Open issues with patches: 3084 Issues opened (48) ================== #41388: IDLE fails to detect corresponding opening parenthesis https://bugs.python.org/issue41388 opened by Alexey Burdin #41390: Errors and warnings on generate bytecode files https://bugs.python.org/issue41390 opened by kloczek #41391: Make test_unicodedata pass when running without network https://bugs.python.org/issue41391 opened by yan12125 #41394: Document '_' in interpreter tutorial https://bugs.python.org/issue41394 opened by wyz23x2 #41395: pickle and pickletools cli interface doesn't close input and o https://bugs.python.org/issue41395 opened by xtreak #41396: pystate.c:_PyCrossInterpreterData_Release() does not clear py https://bugs.python.org/issue41396 opened by Tomasz Pytel #41397: Restore default implementation of __ne__ in Counter https://bugs.python.org/issue41397 opened by serhiy.storchaka #41398: cgi module, parse_multipart fails https://bugs.python.org/issue41398 opened by Magnus Johnsson #41399: Add stacklevel support for exceptions https://bugs.python.org/issue41399 opened by wyz23x2 #41400: Remove references to nonexisting __ne__ methods https://bugs.python.org/issue41400 opened by serhiy.storchaka #41401: Using non-ascii that require UTF-8 breaks AIX testing https://bugs.python.org/issue41401 opened by Michael.Felt #41402: email: ContentManager.set_content calls nonexistent method enc https://bugs.python.org/issue41402 opened by joreiff #41403: Uncaught AttributeError in unittest.mock._get_target https://bugs.python.org/issue41403 opened by webisteme #41404: IDLE: test iomenu https://bugs.python.org/issue41404 opened by terry.reedy #41406: BufferedReader causes Popen.communicate losing the remaining o https://bugs.python.org/issue41406 opened by Frost Ming #41410: Opening a file in binary mode makes a difference on all platfo https://bugs.python.org/issue41410 opened by bkline #41411: Improve and consolidate f-strings docs https://bugs.python.org/issue41411 opened by ezio.melotti #41412: After installation on Windows7, 64bit Python 3.9.0b5 reports " https://bugs.python.org/issue41412 opened by Martin Borus #41413: IDLE: exit at input() prompt is not complete https://bugs.python.org/issue41413 opened by IrvKalb #41415: duplicated signature of dataclass in help() https://bugs.python.org/issue41415 opened by sir-sigurd #41416: Restore default implementation of __ne__ in mixins Set and Map https://bugs.python.org/issue41416 opened by serhiy.storchaka #41419: Path.mkdir and os.mkdir don't respect setgid if its parent is https://bugs.python.org/issue41419 opened by Xophmeister #41420: Academic Free License v. 2.1 link is not found and is obsolete https://bugs.python.org/issue41420 opened by DmytroLitvinov #41421: Random.paretovariate sometimes raises ZeroDivisionError for sm https://bugs.python.org/issue41421 opened by David MacIver #41422: C Unpickler memory leak via memo https://bugs.python.org/issue41422 opened by kale-smoothie #41423: `multiprocessing.Array` and `multiprocessing.managers.SyncMana https://bugs.python.org/issue41423 opened by jthistle #41424: [tkinter] Grammatical error in "Packer" docs https://bugs.python.org/issue41424 opened by brett.cannon #41425: [tkinter] "Coupling Widget Variables" example missing code https://bugs.python.org/issue41425 opened by brett.cannon #41428: PEP 604 -- Allow writing union types as X | Y https://bugs.python.org/issue41428 opened by maggiemoss #41429: Let fnmatch.filter accept a tuple of patterns https://bugs.python.org/issue41429 opened by adelfino #41430: Document C docstring behavior https://bugs.python.org/issue41430 opened by jameshcorbett #41431: Optimize dict_merge for copy https://bugs.python.org/issue41431 opened by inada.naoki #41432: IDLE: Handle bad highlight tab color config https://bugs.python.org/issue41432 opened by terry.reedy #41433: Logging libraries BufferingHandler flushed twice at shutdown https://bugs.python.org/issue41433 opened by adamist521 #41434: IDLE: Option to warn user on "Run Module" if file is not Pytho https://bugs.python.org/issue41434 opened by wyz23x2 #41435: Allow to retrieve ongoing exception handled by every threads https://bugs.python.org/issue41435 opened by jd #41437: SIGINT blocked by socket operations like recv on Windows https://bugs.python.org/issue41437 opened by zmwangx #41438: TimeoutError behavior changes on async.wait_for from python3.7 https://bugs.python.org/issue41438 opened by Yerken Tussupbekov #41439: some test cases in test_uuid.py and test_ssl.py fail on some o https://bugs.python.org/issue41439 opened by pxinwr #41440: os.cpu_count doesn't work on VxWorks RTOS https://bugs.python.org/issue41440 opened by pxinwr #41442: test_posix.PosixTester.test_getgroups fail on operating system https://bugs.python.org/issue41442 opened by pxinwr #41443: some test cases in test_posix.py fail if some os attributes ar https://bugs.python.org/issue41443 opened by pxinwr #41444: CPython 3.8.5 fails to build on Windows with -E option https://bugs.python.org/issue41444 opened by Vladislav Mikhalin #41445: Adding configure temporary files to gitignore https://bugs.python.org/issue41445 opened by fj92f3jj923f923 #41446: New demo, using a web api https://bugs.python.org/issue41446 opened by flybd5 #41447: Resource Tracker in Multiprocessing Shared Memory not working https://bugs.python.org/issue41447 opened by damian.barabonkov #41449: An article on Python 3 stdout and stderr output buffering https://bugs.python.org/issue41449 opened by Anatoli Babenia #41450: OSError is not documented in ssl library, but still can be thr https://bugs.python.org/issue41450 opened by sibiryakov Most recent 15 issues with no replies (15) ========================================== #41450: OSError is not documented in ssl library, but still can be thr https://bugs.python.org/issue41450 #41449: An article on Python 3 stdout and stderr output buffering https://bugs.python.org/issue41449 #41447: Resource Tracker in Multiprocessing Shared Memory not working https://bugs.python.org/issue41447 #41446: New demo, using a web api https://bugs.python.org/issue41446 #41443: some test cases in test_posix.py fail if some os attributes ar https://bugs.python.org/issue41443 #41442: test_posix.PosixTester.test_getgroups fail on operating system https://bugs.python.org/issue41442 #41440: os.cpu_count doesn't work on VxWorks RTOS https://bugs.python.org/issue41440 #41439: some test cases in test_uuid.py and test_ssl.py fail on some o https://bugs.python.org/issue41439 #41435: Allow to retrieve ongoing exception handled by every threads https://bugs.python.org/issue41435 #41432: IDLE: Handle bad highlight tab color config https://bugs.python.org/issue41432 #41430: Document C docstring behavior https://bugs.python.org/issue41430 #41429: Let fnmatch.filter accept a tuple of patterns https://bugs.python.org/issue41429 #41428: PEP 604 -- Allow writing union types as X | Y https://bugs.python.org/issue41428 #41425: [tkinter] "Coupling Widget Variables" example missing code https://bugs.python.org/issue41425 #41424: [tkinter] Grammatical error in "Packer" docs https://bugs.python.org/issue41424 Most recent 15 issues waiting for review (15) ============================================= #41446: New demo, using a web api https://bugs.python.org/issue41446 #41445: Adding configure temporary files to gitignore https://bugs.python.org/issue41445 #41443: some test cases in test_posix.py fail if some os attributes ar https://bugs.python.org/issue41443 #41442: test_posix.PosixTester.test_getgroups fail on operating system https://bugs.python.org/issue41442 #41440: os.cpu_count doesn't work on VxWorks RTOS https://bugs.python.org/issue41440 #41439: some test cases in test_uuid.py and test_ssl.py fail on some o https://bugs.python.org/issue41439 #41435: Allow to retrieve ongoing exception handled by every threads https://bugs.python.org/issue41435 #41431: Optimize dict_merge for copy https://bugs.python.org/issue41431 #41430: Document C docstring behavior https://bugs.python.org/issue41430 #41429: Let fnmatch.filter accept a tuple of patterns https://bugs.python.org/issue41429 #41422: C Unpickler memory leak via memo https://bugs.python.org/issue41422 #41421: Random.paretovariate sometimes raises ZeroDivisionError for sm https://bugs.python.org/issue41421 #41416: Restore default implementation of __ne__ in mixins Set and Map https://bugs.python.org/issue41416 #41415: duplicated signature of dataclass in help() https://bugs.python.org/issue41415 #41412: After installation on Windows7, 64bit Python 3.9.0b5 reports " https://bugs.python.org/issue41412 Top 10 most discussed issues (10) ================================= #41394: Document '_' in interpreter tutorial https://bugs.python.org/issue41394 14 msgs #40360: Deprecate lib2to3 (and 2to3) for future removal https://bugs.python.org/issue40360 9 msgs #40841: Provide mimetypes.sniff API as stdlib https://bugs.python.org/issue40841 9 msgs #41388: IDLE fails to detect corresponding opening parenthesis https://bugs.python.org/issue41388 8 msgs #41380: Add snake example to turtledemo https://bugs.python.org/issue41380 7 msgs #41401: Using non-ascii that require UTF-8 breaks AIX testing https://bugs.python.org/issue41401 7 msgs #41411: Improve and consolidate f-strings docs https://bugs.python.org/issue41411 7 msgs #41421: Random.paretovariate sometimes raises ZeroDivisionError for sm https://bugs.python.org/issue41421 7 msgs #41355: os.link(..., follow_symlinks=False) without linkat(3) https://bugs.python.org/issue41355 6 msgs #41412: After installation on Windows7, 64bit Python 3.9.0b5 reports " https://bugs.python.org/issue41412 6 msgs Issues closed (46) ================== #24599: urllib URLopener().open https url returns 501 Not Implemented https://bugs.python.org/issue24599 closed by stefano-m #36630: failure of test_colors_funcs in test_curses with ncurses 6.1 https://bugs.python.org/issue36630 closed by ned.deily #36661: Missing dataclass decorator import in dataclasses module docs https://bugs.python.org/issue36661 closed by brett.cannon #38156: input fucntion raises SystemError after specific input. https://bugs.python.org/issue38156 closed by benjamin.peterson #38731: bad input crashes py_compile library https://bugs.python.org/issue38731 closed by berker.peksag #39481: Implement PEP 585 (Type Hinting Generics In Standard Collectio https://bugs.python.org/issue39481 closed by gvanrossum #39830: zipfile.Path is not included in __all__ https://bugs.python.org/issue39830 closed by xtreak #39868: Stale Python Language Reference docs (no walrus). https://bugs.python.org/issue39868 closed by gvanrossum #39959: Bug on multiprocessing.shared_memory https://bugs.python.org/issue39959 closed by gvanrossum #40045: Make "dunder" method documentation easier to locate https://bugs.python.org/issue40045 closed by xtreak #40456: Complete adding silent mode for py_compile https://bugs.python.org/issue40456 closed by berker.peksag #40939: Remove the old parser https://bugs.python.org/issue40939 closed by gvanrossum #40948: Better identify Windows installer as installer only, not runne https://bugs.python.org/issue40948 closed by steve.dower #41000: IDLE: only allow single instance https://bugs.python.org/issue41000 closed by terry.reedy #41045: f-string's "debug" feature is undocumented https://bugs.python.org/issue41045 closed by gvanrossum #41090: Support for "Universal 2" binary builds https://bugs.python.org/issue41090 closed by ronaldoussoren #41131: Augment random.choices() with the alias method https://bugs.python.org/issue41131 closed by rhettinger #41182: DefaultSelector fails to detect selector on VMware ESXi https://bugs.python.org/issue41182 closed by gvanrossum #41323: Perform "peephole" optimization directly on control-flow graph https://bugs.python.org/issue41323 closed by Mark.Shannon #41328: In unittest doc, replace Hudson CI with Travis and Appveyor https://bugs.python.org/issue41328 closed by gvanrossum #41336: Sporadic segfaults during zoneinfo object creation stopped usi https://bugs.python.org/issue41336 closed by xtreak #41340: Not very good strcpy implementation in cpython/Python/strdup.c https://bugs.python.org/issue41340 closed by inada.naoki #41341: Recursive evaluation of ForwardRef (and PEP 563) https://bugs.python.org/issue41341 closed by gvanrossum #41345: Remote end closed connection without response https://bugs.python.org/issue41345 closed by gvanrossum #41362: Regenerating parser table fails (windows) https://bugs.python.org/issue41362 closed by gvanrossum #41373: IDLE: edit/save files created by Windows Explorer https://bugs.python.org/issue41373 closed by serhiy.storchaka #41377: memoryview of str (unicode) https://bugs.python.org/issue41377 closed by gvanrossum #41381: Google chat handler in Logging module https://bugs.python.org/issue41381 closed by eric.araujo #41384: tkinter raises TypeError when it's supposed to raise TclError https://bugs.python.org/issue41384 closed by terry.reedy #41386: Popen.wait does not account for negative return codes https://bugs.python.org/issue41386 closed by MrTroble #41387: Escape needed in the email documentation example https://bugs.python.org/issue41387 closed by r.david.murray #41389: Garbage Collector Ignoring Some (Not All) Circular References https://bugs.python.org/issue41389 closed by tim.peters #41392: SyntaxError rather than NameError https://bugs.python.org/issue41392 closed by ronaldoussoren #41393: Fix FAQ example to use __import__('functools').reduce https://bugs.python.org/issue41393 closed by serhiy.storchaka #41405: python 3.9.0b5 test https://bugs.python.org/issue41405 closed by ned.deily #41407: Tricky behavior of builtin-function map https://bugs.python.org/issue41407 closed by Jim.Jewett #41408: Add a `clamp` function to the `math` module https://bugs.python.org/issue41408 closed by SFM61319 #41409: deque.pop(index) is not supported https://bugs.python.org/issue41409 closed by rhettinger #41414: AST for arguments shows extra element https://bugs.python.org/issue41414 closed by pablogsal #41417: SyntaxError: assignment expression within assert https://bugs.python.org/issue41417 closed by serhiy.storchaka #41418: GH-21658: Add snake game to tools/demo! https://bugs.python.org/issue41418 closed by terry.reedy #41426: [curses] Grammar mistake in curses.getmouse() docs https://bugs.python.org/issue41426 closed by brett.cannon #41427: howto/descriptor.rst incorrectly mentions method.__class__ https://bugs.python.org/issue41427 closed by rhettinger #41436: BUG a simple "and" and "or" https://bugs.python.org/issue41436 closed by xtreak #41441: io reading ＆ updating fix https://bugs.python.org/issue41441 closed by ke265379ke #41448: pathlib behave differ between OS https://bugs.python.org/issue41448 closed by eryksun

1 0

Python code coverage for integration Tests
by Magesh Sundar 31 Jul '20

31 Jul '20

Hi There, Which is the best tool to run the code coverage for python integration tests? I tried running with Code Coverage but no data is getting collected when I run my test using pytest command. Thanks, sm

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Python-Dev July 2020