On Wed, Apr 8, 2015 at 7:32 PM, Chris Angelico <rosuav@gmail.com> wrote:
On Thu, Apr 9, 2015 at 8:32 AM, Alexander Belopolsky
<alexander.belopolsky@gmail.com> wrote:
> A "named offset" is an abbreviation such as UTC, EST, MSK, MSD which (at any
> given time)
> corresponds to a fixed offset from UTC.

That assumes the abbreviations are unique. They're not. Just this
morning I had to explain to a new student of mine that no, my time
zone is not "EST" = New York time, it's actually "EST" = Melbourne
time. Granted, most of the time New York and Melbourne are opposite on
DST, so one will be EST and one EDT, but that trick won't always help
you.

I should have been more precise in my definitions.  A "named offset" is a pair
(tm_gmtoff, tm_zone).  Given a location and a UTC time (UNIX timestamp), you
should be able to produce a "named offset". 

$ TZ=Australia/Melbourne date -d @1428536256 +"%z %Z"
+1000 EST

The "name" part is usually redundant, but convenient for human readers.

The opposite is not true: you cannot derive location from either or both parts.