Some code needs to maintain an output buffer that has an unpredictable size. Such as bz2/lzma/zlib modules, _PyBytesWriter/_PyUnicodeWriter. In current code, when the output buffer grows, resizing will cause unnecessary memcpy(). issue41486 uses memory blocks to represent output buffer in bz2/lzma/zlib modules, it could eliminate the overhead of resizing. There are benchmark charts in issue41486: https://bugs.python.org/issue41486 _PyBytesWriter/_PyUnicodeWriter could use the same way. If write a "general blocks output buffer", it could be used in _PyBytesWriter/bz2/lzma/zlib. (issue41486 is not very general, it uses a bytes object to represent a memory block.) If write a new _PyUnicodeWriter like this, it has a chance to eliminate the overhead of switching PyUnicode_Kind (record the switching position): 'a' * 100_000_000 + '\uABCD' If anyone has time and is willing to try, it's very welcome. Or I might do this at sometime in the future.