On 20/03/2010 12:00, Pascal Chambon wrote:
Michael Foord a écrit :
On 19/03/2010 18:58, Pascal Chambon wrote:
Hello
I've already crossed a bunch of articles detailing python's attribute lookup semantic (__dict__, descriptors, order of base class traversing...), but I have never seen, so far, an explanation of WHICH method did waht, exactly.
I assumed that getattr(a, b) was the same as a.__getattribute__(b), and that this __getattribute__ method (or the hidden routine replacing it when we don't override it in our class) was in charge of doing the whole job of traversing the object tree, checking descriptors, binding methods, calling __getattr__ on failure etc.
However, the test case below shows that __getattribute__ does NOT call __getattr__ on failure. So it seems it's an upper levl machinery, in getattr(), which is in chrge of that last action.
Python 3 has the behavior you are asking for. It would be a backwards incompatible change to do it in Python 2 as __getattribute__ *not* calling __getattr__ is the documented behaviour.
Python 3.2a0 (py3k:78770, Mar 7 2010, 20:32:50) [GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5646) (dot 1)] on darwin
class x: ... def __getattribute__(s, name): ... print ('__getattribute__', name) ... raise AttributeError ... def __getattr__(s, name): ... print ('__getattr__', name) ... a = x() a.b __getattribute__ b __getattr__ b
I'm confused there, because the script you gave behaves the same in python 2.6. And according to the doc, it's normal, getattr() reacts to an AttributeError from __getattribute__, by calling __getattr__ :
""" Python 2.6.5 documentation
object.__getattribute__(/self/, /name/)
Called unconditionally to implement attribute accesses for instances of the class. If the class also defines __getattr__() <http://docs.python.org/reference/datamodel.html#object.__getattr__>, the latter will not be called unless __getattribute__() <http://docs.python.org/reference/datamodel.html#object.__getattribute__> either calls it explicitly or raises an AttributeError <http://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#exceptions.AttributeError>. This method should return the (computed) attribute value or raise an AttributeError <http://docs.python.org/library/exceptions.html#exceptions.AttributeError> exception. In order to avoid infinite recursion in this method, its implementation should always call the base class method with the same name to access any attributes it needs, for example, object.__getattribute__(self, name).
"""
But the point which for me is still unclear, is : does the default implementation of __getattribute__ (the one of "object") call __getattr__ by himself, or does it rely on its caller for that, by raising an AttributeError ? For Python2, it's blatantly the latter case which is favoured, but since it looks like an implementation detail at the moment, I propose we settle it (and document it) once for all.
Ah right, my apologies. So it is still documented behaviour - __getattr__ is obviously called by the Python runtime and not by __getattribute__. (It isn't just by getattr as the same behaviour is shown when doing a normal attribute lookup and not via the getattr function.)
This list is not really an appropriate place to ask questions like this though, comp.lang.python would be better.
All the best,
Michael Fooord
Sorry if I misposted, I just (wrongly ?) assumed that it was more an undecided, implementation-specific point (since the doc gave possible behaviours for __getattribute__, without precising which one was the default one), and thus targetted the hands-in-core-code audience only.
Well, the documentation you pointed to specifies that __getattr__ will be called if __getattribute__ raises an AttributeError, it just doesn't specify that it is done by object.__getattribute__ (which it isn't). Michael Foord
Regards, Pascal
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