Hi, Sorry but I'm lost in this long thread. Do you want to extend the Python language to declare constant in a function? Maybe I'm completly off-topic, sorry. 2016-01-21 1:10 GMT+01:00 Steven D'Aprano <steve@pearwood.info>:
(2) If we limit this to only capturing the same name, then we can only write (say) "static x", and that does look like a declaration. But maybe we want to allow the local name to differ from the global name:
static x = y
3 months ago, Serhiy Storchaka proposed a "const var = expr" syntax: https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-ideas/2015-October/037028.html With a shortcut "const len" which is like "const len = len". In the meanwhile, I implemented an optimization in my FAT Python project: "Copy builtins to constant". It's quite simple: replace the "LOAD_GLOBAL builtin" instruction with a "LOAD_CONST builtin" transation and "patch" co_consts constants of a code object at runtime: def hello(): print("hello world") is replaced with: def hello(): "LOAD_GLOBAL print"("hello world") hello.__code__ = fat.replace_consts(hello.__code__, {'LOAD_GLOBAL print': print}) Where fat.replace_consts() is an helper to create a new code object replacing constants with the specified mapping: http://fatoptimizer.readthedocs.org/en/latest/fat.html#replace_consts Replacing print(...) with "LOAD_GLOBAL"(...) is done in the fatoptimizer (an AST optimpizer): http://fatoptimizer.readthedocs.org/en/latest/optimizations.html#copy-builti... We have to inject the builtin function at runtime. It cannot be done when the code object is created by "def ..." because a code object can only contain objects serializable by marshal (to be able to compile a .py file to a .pyc file).
I acknowledge that this goes beyond what the OP asked for, and I think that YAGNI is a reasonable response to the static block idea. I'm not going to champion it any further unless there's a bunch of interest from others. (I'm saving my energy for Eiffel-like require/ensure blocks *wink*).
The difference between "def hello(print=print): ..." and Serhiy's const idea (or my optimization) is that "def hello(print=print): ..." changes the signature of the function which can be a serious issue in an API. Note: The other optimization "local_print = print" in the function is only useful for loops (when the builtin is loaded multiple times) and it still loads the builtin once per function call, whereas my optimization uses a constant and so no lookup is required anymore. Then guards are used to disable the optimization if builtins are modified. See the PEP 510 for an explanation on that part. Victor