On Tue, Feb 28, 2017 at 03:35:31PM -0800, Jelle Zijlstra wrote:
2017-02-28 15:12 GMT-08:00 Steven D'Aprano <steve@pearwood.info>:
On Wed, Mar 01, 2017 at 07:02:23AM +0800, 语言破碎处 wrote:
where we use types? almost: isinstance(obj, T); # issubclass(S, T);
Note that TYPE is SET;
What does that mean? I don't understand.
if we add __contains__ and __le__ into "type", then things become: obj in T;
But obj is **not** in T, since T is a type, not a container.
But in type theory, types are sets in some sense. For example, the bool type is the set {True, False}, and the int type is the infinite set {..., -1, 0, 1, ...}. Similarly, typing.py has a Union type: Union[A, B] is the union of the types A and B. Subclasses are subsets of their parent classes, because their set of possible values is a subset of the possible values of their parent class.
The OP seems to be proposing that we reflect this identity between types and sets in Python by spelling "isinstance(obj, T)" as "obj in T" and "issubclass(S, T)" as "S <= T". This proposal has some solid theory behind it and I don't think it would be hard to implement, but it doesn't seem like a particularly useful change to me. It wouldn't really enable anything we can't do now, and it may be confusing to people reading code that "obj in list" does something completely different from "obj in list()".
So? Compare to "fn" vs "fn()" now. Yes, some people are confused. So what. You *do* have to learn things. And "enable anything we can't do now". That argument was used any number of times on this list, and even before this very list even existed. Still, we got decorators (they don't enable anything we couldn't do without them, and we actually can still do what they do without using them). "isinstane" and "issubclass" are explicit! Yay!... and decorators are "implicit", and wouldn't you know it, they *do* confuse people. I'm +.05 (and no, that's not because I finally see an idea of <sorry can't type that name> that I actually think has some merit). Maybe even +1, given that isinstance(obj, class) is rather bulky. Okay, make that a +1. Bye, J