In Marianne's case, there is a 3D volumetric image
in addition to a time axis.
Furthermore, if the time resolution in t is sufficient, many nD algorithms can be used, along t as well (with suitable parameters e.g. sigma for gaussian gradient magnitude). For an example, see:
Andres, B., Kroeger, T., Briggman, K. L., Denk, W., Korogod, N., Knott, G., Koethe, U., and Hamprecht, F. A. (2012). Globally optimal closed-surface segmentation for connectomics. ECCV, 778–791.
where they use a 3D segmentation method to do tracking in 2D+t video.