[docs] [issue17546] Document the circumstances where the locals() dict gets updated

[anatoly techtonik]

anatoly techtonik added the comment:

> them as CPython implementation details and not part of the language definition

What is the formal language definition of locals() then? What behavior and functionality of locals() should be supported by all Python implementations? For a potential language developer, what should locals() calls return to be compatible with this Python definition?

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<http://bugs.python.org/issue17546>
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