[pypy-commit] pypy nedbat-sandbox-2: Merge tip to nedbat-sandbox-2

ned noreply at buildbot.pypy.org
Tue Dec 27 14:09:29 CET 2011


Author: Ned Batchelder <ned at nedbatchelder.com>
Branch: nedbat-sandbox-2
Changeset: r50901:808b12f6b195
Date: 2011-12-27 08:08 -0500
http://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/changeset/808b12f6b195/

Log:	Merge tip to nedbat-sandbox-2

diff too long, truncating to 10000 out of 16104 lines

diff --git a/lib_pypy/_sqlite3.py b/lib_pypy/_sqlite3.py
--- a/lib_pypy/_sqlite3.py
+++ b/lib_pypy/_sqlite3.py
@@ -231,8 +231,10 @@
 sqlite.sqlite3_result_text.argtypes = [c_void_p, c_char_p, c_int, c_void_p]
 sqlite.sqlite3_result_text.restype = None
 
-sqlite.sqlite3_enable_load_extension.argtypes = [c_void_p, c_int]
-sqlite.sqlite3_enable_load_extension.restype = c_int
+HAS_LOAD_EXTENSION = hasattr(sqlite, "sqlite3_enable_load_extension")
+if HAS_LOAD_EXTENSION:
+    sqlite.sqlite3_enable_load_extension.argtypes = [c_void_p, c_int]
+    sqlite.sqlite3_enable_load_extension.restype = c_int
 
 ##########################################
 # END Wrapped SQLite C API and constants
@@ -708,13 +710,14 @@
         from sqlite3.dump import _iterdump
         return _iterdump(self)
 
-    def enable_load_extension(self, enabled):
-        self._check_thread()
-        self._check_closed()
+    if HAS_LOAD_EXTENSION:
+        def enable_load_extension(self, enabled):
+            self._check_thread()
+            self._check_closed()
 
-        rc = sqlite.sqlite3_enable_load_extension(self.db, int(enabled))
-        if rc != SQLITE_OK:
-            raise OperationalError("Error enabling load extension")
+            rc = sqlite.sqlite3_enable_load_extension(self.db, int(enabled))
+            if rc != SQLITE_OK:
+                raise OperationalError("Error enabling load extension")
 
 DML, DQL, DDL = range(3)
 
diff --git a/pypy/annotation/description.py b/pypy/annotation/description.py
--- a/pypy/annotation/description.py
+++ b/pypy/annotation/description.py
@@ -180,7 +180,12 @@
         if name is None:
             name = pyobj.func_name
         if signature is None:
-            signature = cpython_code_signature(pyobj.func_code)
+            if hasattr(pyobj, '_generator_next_method_of_'):
+                from pypy.interpreter.argument import Signature
+                signature = Signature(['entry'])     # haaaaaack
+                defaults = ()
+            else:
+                signature = cpython_code_signature(pyobj.func_code)
         if defaults is None:
             defaults = pyobj.func_defaults
         self.name = name
diff --git a/pypy/interpreter/astcompiler/ast.py b/pypy/interpreter/astcompiler/ast.py
--- a/pypy/interpreter/astcompiler/ast.py
+++ b/pypy/interpreter/astcompiler/ast.py
@@ -51,6 +51,24 @@
             space.setattr(self, w_name,
                           space.getitem(w_state, w_name))
 
+    def missing_field(self, space, required, host):
+        "Find which required field is missing."
+        state = self.initialization_state
+        for i in range(len(required)):
+            if (state >> i) & 1:
+                continue  # field is present
+            missing = required[i]
+            if missing is None:
+                continue  # field is optional
+            w_obj = self.getdictvalue(space, missing)
+            if w_obj is None:
+                err = "required field \"%s\" missing from %s"
+                raise operationerrfmt(space.w_TypeError, err, missing, host)
+            else:
+                err = "incorrect type for field \"%s\" in %s"
+                raise operationerrfmt(space.w_TypeError, err, missing, host)
+        raise AssertionError("should not reach here")
+
 
 class NodeVisitorNotImplemented(Exception):
     pass
@@ -94,17 +112,6 @@
 )
 
 
-def missing_field(space, state, required, host):
-    "Find which required field is missing."
-    for i in range(len(required)):
-        if not (state >> i) & 1:
-            missing = required[i]
-            if missing is not None:
-                 err = "required field \"%s\" missing from %s"
-                 err = err % (missing, host)
-                 w_err = space.wrap(err)
-                 raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, w_err)
-    raise AssertionError("should not reach here")
 
 
 class mod(AST):
@@ -112,7 +119,6 @@
 
 class Module(mod):
 
-
     def __init__(self, body):
         self.body = body
         self.w_body = None
@@ -128,7 +134,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 1:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['body'], 'Module')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['body'], 'Module')
         else:
             pass
         w_list = self.w_body
@@ -145,7 +151,6 @@
 
 class Interactive(mod):
 
-
     def __init__(self, body):
         self.body = body
         self.w_body = None
@@ -161,7 +166,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 1:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['body'], 'Interactive')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['body'], 'Interactive')
         else:
             pass
         w_list = self.w_body
@@ -178,7 +183,6 @@
 
 class Expression(mod):
 
-
     def __init__(self, body):
         self.body = body
         self.initialization_state = 1
@@ -192,7 +196,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 1:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['body'], 'Expression')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['body'], 'Expression')
         else:
             pass
         self.body.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -200,7 +204,6 @@
 
 class Suite(mod):
 
-
     def __init__(self, body):
         self.body = body
         self.w_body = None
@@ -216,7 +219,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 1:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['body'], 'Suite')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['body'], 'Suite')
         else:
             pass
         w_list = self.w_body
@@ -232,15 +235,13 @@
 
 
 class stmt(AST):
+
     def __init__(self, lineno, col_offset):
         self.lineno = lineno
         self.col_offset = col_offset
 
 class FunctionDef(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 16
-    _col_offset_mask = 32
-
     def __init__(self, name, args, body, decorator_list, lineno, col_offset):
         self.name = name
         self.args = args
@@ -264,7 +265,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 63:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['name', 'args', 'body', 'decorator_list', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'FunctionDef')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'name', 'args', 'body', 'decorator_list'], 'FunctionDef')
         else:
             pass
         self.args.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -292,9 +293,6 @@
 
 class ClassDef(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 16
-    _col_offset_mask = 32
-
     def __init__(self, name, bases, body, decorator_list, lineno, col_offset):
         self.name = name
         self.bases = bases
@@ -320,7 +318,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 63:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['name', 'bases', 'body', 'decorator_list', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'ClassDef')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'name', 'bases', 'body', 'decorator_list'], 'ClassDef')
         else:
             pass
         w_list = self.w_bases
@@ -357,9 +355,6 @@
 
 class Return(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 2
-    _col_offset_mask = 4
-
     def __init__(self, value, lineno, col_offset):
         self.value = value
         stmt.__init__(self, lineno, col_offset)
@@ -374,10 +369,10 @@
         return visitor.visit_Return(self)
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
-        if (self.initialization_state & ~1) ^ 6:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, [None, 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Return')
+        if (self.initialization_state & ~4) ^ 3:
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', None], 'Return')
         else:
-            if not self.initialization_state & 1:
+            if not self.initialization_state & 4:
                 self.value = None
         if self.value:
             self.value.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -385,9 +380,6 @@
 
 class Delete(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 2
-    _col_offset_mask = 4
-
     def __init__(self, targets, lineno, col_offset):
         self.targets = targets
         self.w_targets = None
@@ -404,7 +396,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 7:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['targets', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Delete')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'targets'], 'Delete')
         else:
             pass
         w_list = self.w_targets
@@ -421,9 +413,6 @@
 
 class Assign(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 4
-    _col_offset_mask = 8
-
     def __init__(self, targets, value, lineno, col_offset):
         self.targets = targets
         self.w_targets = None
@@ -442,7 +431,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 15:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['targets', 'value', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Assign')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'targets', 'value'], 'Assign')
         else:
             pass
         w_list = self.w_targets
@@ -460,9 +449,6 @@
 
 class AugAssign(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 8
-    _col_offset_mask = 16
-
     def __init__(self, target, op, value, lineno, col_offset):
         self.target = target
         self.op = op
@@ -480,7 +466,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 31:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['target', 'op', 'value', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'AugAssign')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'target', 'op', 'value'], 'AugAssign')
         else:
             pass
         self.target.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -489,9 +475,6 @@
 
 class Print(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 8
-    _col_offset_mask = 16
-
     def __init__(self, dest, values, nl, lineno, col_offset):
         self.dest = dest
         self.values = values
@@ -511,10 +494,10 @@
         return visitor.visit_Print(self)
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
-        if (self.initialization_state & ~1) ^ 30:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, [None, 'values', 'nl', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Print')
+        if (self.initialization_state & ~4) ^ 27:
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', None, 'values', 'nl'], 'Print')
         else:
-            if not self.initialization_state & 1:
+            if not self.initialization_state & 4:
                 self.dest = None
         if self.dest:
             self.dest.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -532,9 +515,6 @@
 
 class For(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 16
-    _col_offset_mask = 32
-
     def __init__(self, target, iter, body, orelse, lineno, col_offset):
         self.target = target
         self.iter = iter
@@ -559,7 +539,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 63:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['target', 'iter', 'body', 'orelse', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'For')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'target', 'iter', 'body', 'orelse'], 'For')
         else:
             pass
         self.target.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -588,9 +568,6 @@
 
 class While(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 8
-    _col_offset_mask = 16
-
     def __init__(self, test, body, orelse, lineno, col_offset):
         self.test = test
         self.body = body
@@ -613,7 +590,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 31:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['test', 'body', 'orelse', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'While')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'test', 'body', 'orelse'], 'While')
         else:
             pass
         self.test.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -641,9 +618,6 @@
 
 class If(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 8
-    _col_offset_mask = 16
-
     def __init__(self, test, body, orelse, lineno, col_offset):
         self.test = test
         self.body = body
@@ -666,7 +640,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 31:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['test', 'body', 'orelse', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'If')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'test', 'body', 'orelse'], 'If')
         else:
             pass
         self.test.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -694,9 +668,6 @@
 
 class With(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 8
-    _col_offset_mask = 16
-
     def __init__(self, context_expr, optional_vars, body, lineno, col_offset):
         self.context_expr = context_expr
         self.optional_vars = optional_vars
@@ -717,10 +688,10 @@
         return visitor.visit_With(self)
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
-        if (self.initialization_state & ~2) ^ 29:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['context_expr', None, 'body', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'With')
+        if (self.initialization_state & ~8) ^ 23:
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'context_expr', None, 'body'], 'With')
         else:
-            if not self.initialization_state & 2:
+            if not self.initialization_state & 8:
                 self.optional_vars = None
         self.context_expr.sync_app_attrs(space)
         if self.optional_vars:
@@ -739,9 +710,6 @@
 
 class Raise(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 8
-    _col_offset_mask = 16
-
     def __init__(self, type, inst, tback, lineno, col_offset):
         self.type = type
         self.inst = inst
@@ -762,14 +730,14 @@
         return visitor.visit_Raise(self)
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
-        if (self.initialization_state & ~7) ^ 24:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, [None, None, None, 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Raise')
+        if (self.initialization_state & ~28) ^ 3:
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', None, None, None], 'Raise')
         else:
-            if not self.initialization_state & 1:
+            if not self.initialization_state & 4:
                 self.type = None
-            if not self.initialization_state & 2:
+            if not self.initialization_state & 8:
                 self.inst = None
-            if not self.initialization_state & 4:
+            if not self.initialization_state & 16:
                 self.tback = None
         if self.type:
             self.type.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -781,9 +749,6 @@
 
 class TryExcept(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 8
-    _col_offset_mask = 16
-
     def __init__(self, body, handlers, orelse, lineno, col_offset):
         self.body = body
         self.w_body = None
@@ -808,7 +773,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 31:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['body', 'handlers', 'orelse', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'TryExcept')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'body', 'handlers', 'orelse'], 'TryExcept')
         else:
             pass
         w_list = self.w_body
@@ -845,9 +810,6 @@
 
 class TryFinally(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 4
-    _col_offset_mask = 8
-
     def __init__(self, body, finalbody, lineno, col_offset):
         self.body = body
         self.w_body = None
@@ -868,7 +830,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 15:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['body', 'finalbody', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'TryFinally')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'body', 'finalbody'], 'TryFinally')
         else:
             pass
         w_list = self.w_body
@@ -895,9 +857,6 @@
 
 class Assert(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 4
-    _col_offset_mask = 8
-
     def __init__(self, test, msg, lineno, col_offset):
         self.test = test
         self.msg = msg
@@ -914,10 +873,10 @@
         return visitor.visit_Assert(self)
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
-        if (self.initialization_state & ~2) ^ 13:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['test', None, 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Assert')
+        if (self.initialization_state & ~8) ^ 7:
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'test', None], 'Assert')
         else:
-            if not self.initialization_state & 2:
+            if not self.initialization_state & 8:
                 self.msg = None
         self.test.sync_app_attrs(space)
         if self.msg:
@@ -926,9 +885,6 @@
 
 class Import(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 2
-    _col_offset_mask = 4
-
     def __init__(self, names, lineno, col_offset):
         self.names = names
         self.w_names = None
@@ -945,7 +901,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 7:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['names', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Import')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'names'], 'Import')
         else:
             pass
         w_list = self.w_names
@@ -962,9 +918,6 @@
 
 class ImportFrom(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 8
-    _col_offset_mask = 16
-
     def __init__(self, module, names, level, lineno, col_offset):
         self.module = module
         self.names = names
@@ -982,12 +935,12 @@
         return visitor.visit_ImportFrom(self)
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
-        if (self.initialization_state & ~5) ^ 26:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, [None, 'names', None, 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'ImportFrom')
+        if (self.initialization_state & ~20) ^ 11:
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', None, 'names', None], 'ImportFrom')
         else:
-            if not self.initialization_state & 1:
+            if not self.initialization_state & 4:
                 self.module = None
-            if not self.initialization_state & 4:
+            if not self.initialization_state & 16:
                 self.level = 0
         w_list = self.w_names
         if w_list is not None:
@@ -1003,9 +956,6 @@
 
 class Exec(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 8
-    _col_offset_mask = 16
-
     def __init__(self, body, globals, locals, lineno, col_offset):
         self.body = body
         self.globals = globals
@@ -1025,12 +975,12 @@
         return visitor.visit_Exec(self)
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
-        if (self.initialization_state & ~6) ^ 25:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['body', None, None, 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Exec')
+        if (self.initialization_state & ~24) ^ 7:
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'body', None, None], 'Exec')
         else:
-            if not self.initialization_state & 2:
+            if not self.initialization_state & 8:
                 self.globals = None
-            if not self.initialization_state & 4:
+            if not self.initialization_state & 16:
                 self.locals = None
         self.body.sync_app_attrs(space)
         if self.globals:
@@ -1041,9 +991,6 @@
 
 class Global(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 2
-    _col_offset_mask = 4
-
     def __init__(self, names, lineno, col_offset):
         self.names = names
         self.w_names = None
@@ -1058,7 +1005,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 7:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['names', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Global')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'names'], 'Global')
         else:
             pass
         w_list = self.w_names
@@ -1072,9 +1019,6 @@
 
 class Expr(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 2
-    _col_offset_mask = 4
-
     def __init__(self, value, lineno, col_offset):
         self.value = value
         stmt.__init__(self, lineno, col_offset)
@@ -1089,7 +1033,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 7:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['value', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Expr')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'value'], 'Expr')
         else:
             pass
         self.value.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -1097,9 +1041,6 @@
 
 class Pass(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 1
-    _col_offset_mask = 2
-
     def __init__(self, lineno, col_offset):
         stmt.__init__(self, lineno, col_offset)
         self.initialization_state = 3
@@ -1112,16 +1053,13 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 3:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Pass')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Pass')
         else:
             pass
 
 
 class Break(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 1
-    _col_offset_mask = 2
-
     def __init__(self, lineno, col_offset):
         stmt.__init__(self, lineno, col_offset)
         self.initialization_state = 3
@@ -1134,16 +1072,13 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 3:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Break')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Break')
         else:
             pass
 
 
 class Continue(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 1
-    _col_offset_mask = 2
-
     def __init__(self, lineno, col_offset):
         stmt.__init__(self, lineno, col_offset)
         self.initialization_state = 3
@@ -1156,21 +1091,19 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 3:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Continue')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Continue')
         else:
             pass
 
 
 class expr(AST):
+
     def __init__(self, lineno, col_offset):
         self.lineno = lineno
         self.col_offset = col_offset
 
 class BoolOp(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 4
-    _col_offset_mask = 8
-
     def __init__(self, op, values, lineno, col_offset):
         self.op = op
         self.values = values
@@ -1188,7 +1121,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 15:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['op', 'values', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'BoolOp')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'op', 'values'], 'BoolOp')
         else:
             pass
         w_list = self.w_values
@@ -1205,9 +1138,6 @@
 
 class BinOp(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 8
-    _col_offset_mask = 16
-
     def __init__(self, left, op, right, lineno, col_offset):
         self.left = left
         self.op = op
@@ -1225,7 +1155,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 31:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['left', 'op', 'right', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'BinOp')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'left', 'op', 'right'], 'BinOp')
         else:
             pass
         self.left.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -1234,9 +1164,6 @@
 
 class UnaryOp(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 4
-    _col_offset_mask = 8
-
     def __init__(self, op, operand, lineno, col_offset):
         self.op = op
         self.operand = operand
@@ -1252,7 +1179,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 15:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['op', 'operand', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'UnaryOp')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'op', 'operand'], 'UnaryOp')
         else:
             pass
         self.operand.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -1260,9 +1187,6 @@
 
 class Lambda(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 4
-    _col_offset_mask = 8
-
     def __init__(self, args, body, lineno, col_offset):
         self.args = args
         self.body = body
@@ -1279,7 +1203,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 15:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['args', 'body', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Lambda')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'args', 'body'], 'Lambda')
         else:
             pass
         self.args.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -1288,9 +1212,6 @@
 
 class IfExp(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 8
-    _col_offset_mask = 16
-
     def __init__(self, test, body, orelse, lineno, col_offset):
         self.test = test
         self.body = body
@@ -1309,7 +1230,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 31:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['test', 'body', 'orelse', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'IfExp')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'test', 'body', 'orelse'], 'IfExp')
         else:
             pass
         self.test.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -1319,9 +1240,6 @@
 
 class Dict(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 4
-    _col_offset_mask = 8
-
     def __init__(self, keys, values, lineno, col_offset):
         self.keys = keys
         self.w_keys = None
@@ -1342,7 +1260,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 15:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['keys', 'values', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Dict')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'keys', 'values'], 'Dict')
         else:
             pass
         w_list = self.w_keys
@@ -1369,9 +1287,6 @@
 
 class Set(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 2
-    _col_offset_mask = 4
-
     def __init__(self, elts, lineno, col_offset):
         self.elts = elts
         self.w_elts = None
@@ -1388,7 +1303,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 7:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['elts', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Set')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'elts'], 'Set')
         else:
             pass
         w_list = self.w_elts
@@ -1405,9 +1320,6 @@
 
 class ListComp(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 4
-    _col_offset_mask = 8
-
     def __init__(self, elt, generators, lineno, col_offset):
         self.elt = elt
         self.generators = generators
@@ -1426,7 +1338,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 15:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['elt', 'generators', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'ListComp')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'elt', 'generators'], 'ListComp')
         else:
             pass
         self.elt.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -1444,9 +1356,6 @@
 
 class SetComp(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 4
-    _col_offset_mask = 8
-
     def __init__(self, elt, generators, lineno, col_offset):
         self.elt = elt
         self.generators = generators
@@ -1465,7 +1374,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 15:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['elt', 'generators', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'SetComp')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'elt', 'generators'], 'SetComp')
         else:
             pass
         self.elt.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -1483,9 +1392,6 @@
 
 class DictComp(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 8
-    _col_offset_mask = 16
-
     def __init__(self, key, value, generators, lineno, col_offset):
         self.key = key
         self.value = value
@@ -1506,7 +1412,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 31:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['key', 'value', 'generators', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'DictComp')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'key', 'value', 'generators'], 'DictComp')
         else:
             pass
         self.key.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -1525,9 +1431,6 @@
 
 class GeneratorExp(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 4
-    _col_offset_mask = 8
-
     def __init__(self, elt, generators, lineno, col_offset):
         self.elt = elt
         self.generators = generators
@@ -1546,7 +1449,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 15:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['elt', 'generators', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'GeneratorExp')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'elt', 'generators'], 'GeneratorExp')
         else:
             pass
         self.elt.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -1564,9 +1467,6 @@
 
 class Yield(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 2
-    _col_offset_mask = 4
-
     def __init__(self, value, lineno, col_offset):
         self.value = value
         expr.__init__(self, lineno, col_offset)
@@ -1581,10 +1481,10 @@
         return visitor.visit_Yield(self)
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
-        if (self.initialization_state & ~1) ^ 6:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, [None, 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Yield')
+        if (self.initialization_state & ~4) ^ 3:
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', None], 'Yield')
         else:
-            if not self.initialization_state & 1:
+            if not self.initialization_state & 4:
                 self.value = None
         if self.value:
             self.value.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -1592,9 +1492,6 @@
 
 class Compare(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 8
-    _col_offset_mask = 16
-
     def __init__(self, left, ops, comparators, lineno, col_offset):
         self.left = left
         self.ops = ops
@@ -1615,7 +1512,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 31:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['left', 'ops', 'comparators', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Compare')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'left', 'ops', 'comparators'], 'Compare')
         else:
             pass
         self.left.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -1640,9 +1537,6 @@
 
 class Call(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 32
-    _col_offset_mask = 64
-
     def __init__(self, func, args, keywords, starargs, kwargs, lineno, col_offset):
         self.func = func
         self.args = args
@@ -1670,12 +1564,12 @@
         return visitor.visit_Call(self)
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
-        if (self.initialization_state & ~24) ^ 103:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['func', 'args', 'keywords', None, None, 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Call')
+        if (self.initialization_state & ~96) ^ 31:
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'func', 'args', 'keywords', None, None], 'Call')
         else:
-            if not self.initialization_state & 8:
+            if not self.initialization_state & 32:
                 self.starargs = None
-            if not self.initialization_state & 16:
+            if not self.initialization_state & 64:
                 self.kwargs = None
         self.func.sync_app_attrs(space)
         w_list = self.w_args
@@ -1706,9 +1600,6 @@
 
 class Repr(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 2
-    _col_offset_mask = 4
-
     def __init__(self, value, lineno, col_offset):
         self.value = value
         expr.__init__(self, lineno, col_offset)
@@ -1723,7 +1614,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 7:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['value', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Repr')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'value'], 'Repr')
         else:
             pass
         self.value.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -1731,9 +1622,6 @@
 
 class Num(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 2
-    _col_offset_mask = 4
-
     def __init__(self, n, lineno, col_offset):
         self.n = n
         expr.__init__(self, lineno, col_offset)
@@ -1747,16 +1635,13 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 7:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['n', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Num')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'n'], 'Num')
         else:
             pass
 
 
 class Str(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 2
-    _col_offset_mask = 4
-
     def __init__(self, s, lineno, col_offset):
         self.s = s
         expr.__init__(self, lineno, col_offset)
@@ -1770,16 +1655,13 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 7:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['s', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Str')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 's'], 'Str')
         else:
             pass
 
 
 class Attribute(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 8
-    _col_offset_mask = 16
-
     def __init__(self, value, attr, ctx, lineno, col_offset):
         self.value = value
         self.attr = attr
@@ -1796,7 +1678,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 31:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['value', 'attr', 'ctx', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Attribute')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'value', 'attr', 'ctx'], 'Attribute')
         else:
             pass
         self.value.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -1804,9 +1686,6 @@
 
 class Subscript(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 8
-    _col_offset_mask = 16
-
     def __init__(self, value, slice, ctx, lineno, col_offset):
         self.value = value
         self.slice = slice
@@ -1824,7 +1703,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 31:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['value', 'slice', 'ctx', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Subscript')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'value', 'slice', 'ctx'], 'Subscript')
         else:
             pass
         self.value.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -1833,9 +1712,6 @@
 
 class Name(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 4
-    _col_offset_mask = 8
-
     def __init__(self, id, ctx, lineno, col_offset):
         self.id = id
         self.ctx = ctx
@@ -1850,16 +1726,13 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 15:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['id', 'ctx', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Name')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'id', 'ctx'], 'Name')
         else:
             pass
 
 
 class List(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 4
-    _col_offset_mask = 8
-
     def __init__(self, elts, ctx, lineno, col_offset):
         self.elts = elts
         self.w_elts = None
@@ -1877,7 +1750,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 15:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['elts', 'ctx', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'List')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'elts', 'ctx'], 'List')
         else:
             pass
         w_list = self.w_elts
@@ -1894,9 +1767,6 @@
 
 class Tuple(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 4
-    _col_offset_mask = 8
-
     def __init__(self, elts, ctx, lineno, col_offset):
         self.elts = elts
         self.w_elts = None
@@ -1914,7 +1784,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 15:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['elts', 'ctx', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Tuple')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'elts', 'ctx'], 'Tuple')
         else:
             pass
         w_list = self.w_elts
@@ -1931,9 +1801,6 @@
 
 class Const(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 2
-    _col_offset_mask = 4
-
     def __init__(self, value, lineno, col_offset):
         self.value = value
         expr.__init__(self, lineno, col_offset)
@@ -1947,7 +1814,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 7:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['value', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Const')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'value'], 'Const')
         else:
             pass
 
@@ -2009,7 +1876,6 @@
 
 class Ellipsis(slice):
 
-
     def __init__(self):
         self.initialization_state = 0
 
@@ -2021,14 +1887,13 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 0:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, [], 'Ellipsis')
+            self.missing_field(space, [], 'Ellipsis')
         else:
             pass
 
 
 class Slice(slice):
 
-
     def __init__(self, lower, upper, step):
         self.lower = lower
         self.upper = upper
@@ -2049,7 +1914,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~7) ^ 0:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, [None, None, None], 'Slice')
+            self.missing_field(space, [None, None, None], 'Slice')
         else:
             if not self.initialization_state & 1:
                 self.lower = None
@@ -2067,7 +1932,6 @@
 
 class ExtSlice(slice):
 
-
     def __init__(self, dims):
         self.dims = dims
         self.w_dims = None
@@ -2083,7 +1947,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 1:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['dims'], 'ExtSlice')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['dims'], 'ExtSlice')
         else:
             pass
         w_list = self.w_dims
@@ -2100,7 +1964,6 @@
 
 class Index(slice):
 
-
     def __init__(self, value):
         self.value = value
         self.initialization_state = 1
@@ -2114,7 +1977,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 1:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['value'], 'Index')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['value'], 'Index')
         else:
             pass
         self.value.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -2377,7 +2240,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 7:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['target', 'iter', 'ifs'], 'comprehension')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['target', 'iter', 'ifs'], 'comprehension')
         else:
             pass
         self.target.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -2394,15 +2257,13 @@
                 node.sync_app_attrs(space)
 
 class excepthandler(AST):
+
     def __init__(self, lineno, col_offset):
         self.lineno = lineno
         self.col_offset = col_offset
 
 class ExceptHandler(excepthandler):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 8
-    _col_offset_mask = 16
-
     def __init__(self, type, name, body, lineno, col_offset):
         self.type = type
         self.name = name
@@ -2424,12 +2285,12 @@
         return visitor.visit_ExceptHandler(self)
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
-        if (self.initialization_state & ~3) ^ 28:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, [None, None, 'body', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'ExceptHandler')
+        if (self.initialization_state & ~12) ^ 19:
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', None, None, 'body'], 'ExceptHandler')
         else:
-            if not self.initialization_state & 1:
+            if not self.initialization_state & 4:
                 self.type = None
-            if not self.initialization_state & 2:
+            if not self.initialization_state & 8:
                 self.name = None
         if self.type:
             self.type.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -2470,7 +2331,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~6) ^ 9:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['args', None, None, 'defaults'], 'arguments')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['args', None, None, 'defaults'], 'arguments')
         else:
             if not self.initialization_state & 2:
                 self.vararg = None
@@ -2513,7 +2374,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 3:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['arg', 'value'], 'keyword')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['arg', 'value'], 'keyword')
         else:
             pass
         self.value.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -2533,7 +2394,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~2) ^ 1:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['name', None], 'alias')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['name', None], 'alias')
         else:
             if not self.initialization_state & 2:
                 self.asname = None
@@ -3019,6 +2880,8 @@
 def Expression_set_body(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.body = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.body) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
@@ -3098,7 +2961,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'lineno')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & w_self._lineno_mask:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'lineno')
     return space.wrap(w_self.lineno)
@@ -3112,14 +2975,14 @@
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'lineno', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'lineno')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= w_self._lineno_mask
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
 
 def stmt_get_col_offset(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'col_offset')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & w_self._col_offset_mask:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'col_offset')
     return space.wrap(w_self.col_offset)
@@ -3133,7 +2996,7 @@
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'col_offset', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'col_offset')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= w_self._col_offset_mask
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
 
 stmt.typedef = typedef.TypeDef("stmt",
     AST.typedef,
@@ -3149,7 +3012,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'name')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'name')
     return space.wrap(w_self.name)
@@ -3163,14 +3026,14 @@
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'name', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'name')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def FunctionDef_get_args(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'args')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'args')
     return space.wrap(w_self.args)
@@ -3184,10 +3047,10 @@
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'args', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'args')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def FunctionDef_get_body(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     if w_self.w_body is None:
@@ -3201,10 +3064,10 @@
 
 def FunctionDef_set_body(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_body = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 def FunctionDef_get_decorator_list(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 32:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'decorator_list')
     if w_self.w_decorator_list is None:
@@ -3218,7 +3081,7 @@
 
 def FunctionDef_set_decorator_list(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_decorator_list = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 32
 
 _FunctionDef_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['name', 'args', 'body', 'decorator_list'])
 def FunctionDef_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -3254,7 +3117,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'name')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'name')
     return space.wrap(w_self.name)
@@ -3268,10 +3131,10 @@
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'name', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'name')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def ClassDef_get_bases(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'bases')
     if w_self.w_bases is None:
@@ -3285,10 +3148,10 @@
 
 def ClassDef_set_bases(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_bases = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def ClassDef_get_body(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     if w_self.w_body is None:
@@ -3302,10 +3165,10 @@
 
 def ClassDef_set_body(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_body = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 def ClassDef_get_decorator_list(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 32:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'decorator_list')
     if w_self.w_decorator_list is None:
@@ -3319,7 +3182,7 @@
 
 def ClassDef_set_decorator_list(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_decorator_list = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 32
 
 _ClassDef_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['name', 'bases', 'body', 'decorator_list'])
 def ClassDef_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -3356,7 +3219,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'value')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'value')
     return space.wrap(w_self.value)
@@ -3364,13 +3227,15 @@
 def Return_set_value(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.value = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, True)
+        if type(w_self.value) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'value', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'value')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 _Return_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['value'])
 def Return_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -3397,7 +3262,7 @@
 )
 
 def Delete_get_targets(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'targets')
     if w_self.w_targets is None:
@@ -3411,7 +3276,7 @@
 
 def Delete_set_targets(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_targets = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 _Delete_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['targets'])
 def Delete_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -3439,7 +3304,7 @@
 )
 
 def Assign_get_targets(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'targets')
     if w_self.w_targets is None:
@@ -3453,14 +3318,14 @@
 
 def Assign_set_targets(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_targets = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def Assign_get_value(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'value')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'value')
     return space.wrap(w_self.value)
@@ -3468,13 +3333,15 @@
 def Assign_set_value(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.value = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.value) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'value', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'value')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 _Assign_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['targets', 'value'])
 def Assign_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -3507,7 +3374,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'target')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'target')
     return space.wrap(w_self.target)
@@ -3515,20 +3382,22 @@
 def AugAssign_set_target(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.target = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.target) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'target', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'target')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def AugAssign_get_op(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'op')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'op')
     return operator_to_class[w_self.op - 1]()
@@ -3544,14 +3413,14 @@
         return
     # need to save the original object too
     w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'op', w_new_value)
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def AugAssign_get_value(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'value')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'value')
     return space.wrap(w_self.value)
@@ -3559,13 +3428,15 @@
 def AugAssign_set_value(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.value = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.value) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'value', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'value')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 _AugAssign_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['target', 'op', 'value'])
 def AugAssign_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -3598,7 +3469,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'dest')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'dest')
     return space.wrap(w_self.dest)
@@ -3606,16 +3477,18 @@
 def Print_set_dest(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.dest = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, True)
+        if type(w_self.dest) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'dest', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'dest')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def Print_get_values(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'values')
     if w_self.w_values is None:
@@ -3629,14 +3502,14 @@
 
 def Print_set_values(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_values = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def Print_get_nl(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'nl')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'nl')
     return space.wrap(w_self.nl)
@@ -3650,7 +3523,7 @@
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'nl', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'nl')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 _Print_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['dest', 'values', 'nl'])
 def Print_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -3684,7 +3557,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'target')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'target')
     return space.wrap(w_self.target)
@@ -3692,20 +3565,22 @@
 def For_set_target(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.target = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.target) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'target', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'target')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def For_get_iter(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'iter')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'iter')
     return space.wrap(w_self.iter)
@@ -3713,16 +3588,18 @@
 def For_set_iter(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.iter = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.iter) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'iter', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'iter')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def For_get_body(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     if w_self.w_body is None:
@@ -3736,10 +3613,10 @@
 
 def For_set_body(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_body = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 def For_get_orelse(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 32:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'orelse')
     if w_self.w_orelse is None:
@@ -3753,7 +3630,7 @@
 
 def For_set_orelse(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_orelse = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 32
 
 _For_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['target', 'iter', 'body', 'orelse'])
 def For_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -3789,7 +3666,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'test')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'test')
     return space.wrap(w_self.test)
@@ -3797,16 +3674,18 @@
 def While_set_test(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.test = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.test) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'test', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'test')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def While_get_body(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     if w_self.w_body is None:
@@ -3820,10 +3699,10 @@
 
 def While_set_body(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_body = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def While_get_orelse(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'orelse')
     if w_self.w_orelse is None:
@@ -3837,7 +3716,7 @@
 
 def While_set_orelse(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_orelse = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 _While_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['test', 'body', 'orelse'])
 def While_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -3872,7 +3751,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'test')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'test')
     return space.wrap(w_self.test)
@@ -3880,16 +3759,18 @@
 def If_set_test(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.test = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.test) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'test', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'test')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def If_get_body(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     if w_self.w_body is None:
@@ -3903,10 +3784,10 @@
 
 def If_set_body(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_body = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def If_get_orelse(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'orelse')
     if w_self.w_orelse is None:
@@ -3920,7 +3801,7 @@
 
 def If_set_orelse(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_orelse = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 _If_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['test', 'body', 'orelse'])
 def If_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -3955,7 +3836,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'context_expr')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'context_expr')
     return space.wrap(w_self.context_expr)
@@ -3963,20 +3844,22 @@
 def With_set_context_expr(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.context_expr = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.context_expr) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'context_expr', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'context_expr')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def With_get_optional_vars(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'optional_vars')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'optional_vars')
     return space.wrap(w_self.optional_vars)
@@ -3984,16 +3867,18 @@
 def With_set_optional_vars(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.optional_vars = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, True)
+        if type(w_self.optional_vars) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'optional_vars', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'optional_vars')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def With_get_body(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     if w_self.w_body is None:
@@ -4007,7 +3892,7 @@
 
 def With_set_body(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_body = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 _With_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['context_expr', 'optional_vars', 'body'])
 def With_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -4041,7 +3926,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'type')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'type')
     return space.wrap(w_self.type)
@@ -4049,20 +3934,22 @@
 def Raise_set_type(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.type = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, True)
+        if type(w_self.type) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'type', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'type')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def Raise_get_inst(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'inst')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'inst')
     return space.wrap(w_self.inst)
@@ -4070,20 +3957,22 @@
 def Raise_set_inst(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.inst = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, True)
+        if type(w_self.inst) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'inst', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'inst')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def Raise_get_tback(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'tback')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'tback')
     return space.wrap(w_self.tback)
@@ -4091,13 +3980,15 @@
 def Raise_set_tback(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.tback = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, True)
+        if type(w_self.tback) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'tback', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'tback')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 _Raise_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['type', 'inst', 'tback'])
 def Raise_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -4126,7 +4017,7 @@
 )
 
 def TryExcept_get_body(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     if w_self.w_body is None:
@@ -4140,10 +4031,10 @@
 
 def TryExcept_set_body(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_body = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def TryExcept_get_handlers(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'handlers')
     if w_self.w_handlers is None:
@@ -4157,10 +4048,10 @@
 
 def TryExcept_set_handlers(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_handlers = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def TryExcept_get_orelse(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'orelse')
     if w_self.w_orelse is None:
@@ -4174,7 +4065,7 @@
 
 def TryExcept_set_orelse(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_orelse = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 _TryExcept_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['body', 'handlers', 'orelse'])
 def TryExcept_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -4206,7 +4097,7 @@
 )
 
 def TryFinally_get_body(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     if w_self.w_body is None:
@@ -4220,10 +4111,10 @@
 
 def TryFinally_set_body(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_body = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def TryFinally_get_finalbody(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'finalbody')
     if w_self.w_finalbody is None:
@@ -4237,7 +4128,7 @@
 
 def TryFinally_set_finalbody(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_finalbody = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 _TryFinally_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['body', 'finalbody'])
 def TryFinally_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -4271,7 +4162,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'test')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'test')
     return space.wrap(w_self.test)
@@ -4279,20 +4170,22 @@
 def Assert_set_test(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.test = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.test) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'test', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'test')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def Assert_get_msg(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'msg')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'msg')
     return space.wrap(w_self.msg)
@@ -4300,13 +4193,15 @@
 def Assert_set_msg(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.msg = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, True)
+        if type(w_self.msg) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'msg', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'msg')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 _Assert_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['test', 'msg'])
 def Assert_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -4334,7 +4229,7 @@
 )
 
 def Import_get_names(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'names')
     if w_self.w_names is None:
@@ -4348,7 +4243,7 @@
 
 def Import_set_names(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_names = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 _Import_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['names'])
 def Import_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -4380,7 +4275,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'module')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'module')
     return space.wrap(w_self.module)
@@ -4397,10 +4292,10 @@
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'module', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'module')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def ImportFrom_get_names(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'names')
     if w_self.w_names is None:
@@ -4414,14 +4309,14 @@
 
 def ImportFrom_set_names(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_names = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def ImportFrom_get_level(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'level')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'level')
     return space.wrap(w_self.level)
@@ -4435,7 +4330,7 @@
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'level', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'level')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 _ImportFrom_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['module', 'names', 'level'])
 def ImportFrom_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -4469,7 +4364,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'body')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     return space.wrap(w_self.body)
@@ -4477,20 +4372,22 @@
 def Exec_set_body(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.body = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.body) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'body', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'body')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def Exec_get_globals(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'globals')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'globals')
     return space.wrap(w_self.globals)
@@ -4498,20 +4395,22 @@
 def Exec_set_globals(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.globals = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, True)
+        if type(w_self.globals) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'globals', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'globals')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def Exec_get_locals(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'locals')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'locals')
     return space.wrap(w_self.locals)
@@ -4519,13 +4418,15 @@
 def Exec_set_locals(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.locals = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, True)
+        if type(w_self.locals) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'locals', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'locals')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 _Exec_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['body', 'globals', 'locals'])
 def Exec_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -4554,7 +4455,7 @@
 )
 
 def Global_get_names(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'names')
     if w_self.w_names is None:
@@ -4568,7 +4469,7 @@
 
 def Global_set_names(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_names = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 _Global_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['names'])
 def Global_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -4600,7 +4501,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'value')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'value')
     return space.wrap(w_self.value)
@@ -4608,13 +4509,15 @@
 def Expr_set_value(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.value = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.value) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'value', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'value')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 _Expr_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['value'])
 def Expr_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -4696,7 +4599,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'lineno')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & w_self._lineno_mask:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'lineno')
     return space.wrap(w_self.lineno)
@@ -4710,14 +4613,14 @@
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'lineno', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'lineno')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= w_self._lineno_mask
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
 
 def expr_get_col_offset(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'col_offset')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & w_self._col_offset_mask:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'col_offset')
     return space.wrap(w_self.col_offset)
@@ -4731,7 +4634,7 @@
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'col_offset', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'col_offset')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= w_self._col_offset_mask
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
 
 expr.typedef = typedef.TypeDef("expr",
     AST.typedef,
@@ -4747,7 +4650,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'op')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'op')
     return boolop_to_class[w_self.op - 1]()
@@ -4763,10 +4666,10 @@
         return
     # need to save the original object too
     w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'op', w_new_value)
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def BoolOp_get_values(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'values')
     if w_self.w_values is None:
@@ -4780,7 +4683,7 @@
 
 def BoolOp_set_values(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_values = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 _BoolOp_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['op', 'values'])
 def BoolOp_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -4813,7 +4716,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'left')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'left')
     return space.wrap(w_self.left)
@@ -4821,20 +4724,22 @@
 def BinOp_set_left(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.left = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.left) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'left', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'left')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def BinOp_get_op(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'op')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'op')
     return operator_to_class[w_self.op - 1]()
@@ -4850,14 +4755,14 @@
         return
     # need to save the original object too
     w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'op', w_new_value)
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def BinOp_get_right(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'right')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'right')
     return space.wrap(w_self.right)
@@ -4865,13 +4770,15 @@
 def BinOp_set_right(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.right = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.right) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'right', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'right')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 _BinOp_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['left', 'op', 'right'])
 def BinOp_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -4904,7 +4811,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'op')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'op')
     return unaryop_to_class[w_self.op - 1]()
@@ -4920,14 +4827,14 @@
         return
     # need to save the original object too
     w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'op', w_new_value)
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def UnaryOp_get_operand(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'operand')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'operand')
     return space.wrap(w_self.operand)
@@ -4935,13 +4842,15 @@
 def UnaryOp_set_operand(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.operand = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.operand) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'operand', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'operand')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 _UnaryOp_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['op', 'operand'])
 def UnaryOp_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -4973,7 +4882,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'args')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'args')
     return space.wrap(w_self.args)
@@ -4987,14 +4896,14 @@
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'args', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'args')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def Lambda_get_body(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'body')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     return space.wrap(w_self.body)
@@ -5002,13 +4911,15 @@
 def Lambda_set_body(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.body = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.body) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'body', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'body')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 _Lambda_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['args', 'body'])
 def Lambda_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -5040,7 +4951,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'test')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'test')
     return space.wrap(w_self.test)
@@ -5048,20 +4959,22 @@
 def IfExp_set_test(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.test = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.test) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'test', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'test')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def IfExp_get_body(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'body')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     return space.wrap(w_self.body)
@@ -5069,20 +4982,22 @@
 def IfExp_set_body(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.body = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.body) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'body', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'body')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def IfExp_get_orelse(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'orelse')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'orelse')
     return space.wrap(w_self.orelse)
@@ -5090,13 +5005,15 @@
 def IfExp_set_orelse(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.orelse = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.orelse) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'orelse', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'orelse')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 _IfExp_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['test', 'body', 'orelse'])
 def IfExp_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -5125,7 +5042,7 @@
 )
 
 def Dict_get_keys(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'keys')
     if w_self.w_keys is None:
@@ -5139,10 +5056,10 @@
 
 def Dict_set_keys(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_keys = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def Dict_get_values(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'values')
     if w_self.w_values is None:
@@ -5156,7 +5073,7 @@
 
 def Dict_set_values(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_values = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 _Dict_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['keys', 'values'])
 def Dict_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -5186,7 +5103,7 @@
 )
 
 def Set_get_elts(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'elts')
     if w_self.w_elts is None:
@@ -5200,7 +5117,7 @@
 
 def Set_set_elts(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_elts = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 _Set_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['elts'])
 def Set_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -5232,7 +5149,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'elt')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'elt')
     return space.wrap(w_self.elt)
@@ -5240,16 +5157,18 @@
 def ListComp_set_elt(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.elt = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.elt) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'elt', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'elt')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def ListComp_get_generators(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'generators')
     if w_self.w_generators is None:
@@ -5263,7 +5182,7 @@
 
 def ListComp_set_generators(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_generators = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 _ListComp_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['elt', 'generators'])
 def ListComp_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -5296,7 +5215,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'elt')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'elt')
     return space.wrap(w_self.elt)
@@ -5304,16 +5223,18 @@
 def SetComp_set_elt(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.elt = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.elt) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'elt', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'elt')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def SetComp_get_generators(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'generators')
     if w_self.w_generators is None:
@@ -5327,7 +5248,7 @@
 
 def SetComp_set_generators(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_generators = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 _SetComp_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['elt', 'generators'])
 def SetComp_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -5360,7 +5281,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'key')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'key')
     return space.wrap(w_self.key)
@@ -5368,20 +5289,22 @@
 def DictComp_set_key(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.key = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.key) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'key', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'key')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def DictComp_get_value(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'value')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'value')
     return space.wrap(w_self.value)
@@ -5389,16 +5312,18 @@
 def DictComp_set_value(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.value = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.value) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'value', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'value')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def DictComp_get_generators(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'generators')
     if w_self.w_generators is None:
@@ -5412,7 +5337,7 @@
 
 def DictComp_set_generators(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_generators = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 _DictComp_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['key', 'value', 'generators'])
 def DictComp_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -5446,7 +5371,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'elt')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'elt')
     return space.wrap(w_self.elt)
@@ -5454,16 +5379,18 @@
 def GeneratorExp_set_elt(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.elt = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.elt) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'elt', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'elt')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def GeneratorExp_get_generators(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'generators')
     if w_self.w_generators is None:
@@ -5477,7 +5404,7 @@
 
 def GeneratorExp_set_generators(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_generators = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 _GeneratorExp_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['elt', 'generators'])
 def GeneratorExp_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -5510,7 +5437,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'value')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'value')
     return space.wrap(w_self.value)
@@ -5518,13 +5445,15 @@
 def Yield_set_value(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.value = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, True)
+        if type(w_self.value) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'value', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'value')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 _Yield_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['value'])
 def Yield_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -5555,7 +5484,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'left')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'left')
     return space.wrap(w_self.left)
@@ -5563,16 +5492,18 @@
 def Compare_set_left(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.left = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.left) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'left', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'left')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def Compare_get_ops(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'ops')
     if w_self.w_ops is None:
@@ -5586,10 +5517,10 @@
 
 def Compare_set_ops(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_ops = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def Compare_get_comparators(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'comparators')
     if w_self.w_comparators is None:
@@ -5603,7 +5534,7 @@
 
 def Compare_set_comparators(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_comparators = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 _Compare_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['left', 'ops', 'comparators'])
 def Compare_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -5638,7 +5569,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'func')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'func')
     return space.wrap(w_self.func)
@@ -5646,16 +5577,18 @@
 def Call_set_func(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.func = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.func) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'func', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'func')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def Call_get_args(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'args')
     if w_self.w_args is None:
@@ -5669,10 +5602,10 @@
 
 def Call_set_args(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_args = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def Call_get_keywords(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'keywords')
     if w_self.w_keywords is None:
@@ -5686,14 +5619,14 @@
 
 def Call_set_keywords(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_keywords = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 def Call_get_starargs(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'starargs')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 32:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'starargs')
     return space.wrap(w_self.starargs)
@@ -5701,20 +5634,22 @@
 def Call_set_starargs(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.starargs = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, True)
+        if type(w_self.starargs) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'starargs', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'starargs')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 32
 
 def Call_get_kwargs(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'kwargs')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 64:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'kwargs')
     return space.wrap(w_self.kwargs)
@@ -5722,13 +5657,15 @@
 def Call_set_kwargs(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.kwargs = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, True)
+        if type(w_self.kwargs) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'kwargs', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'kwargs')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 64
 
 _Call_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['func', 'args', 'keywords', 'starargs', 'kwargs'])
 def Call_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -5765,7 +5702,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'value')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'value')
     return space.wrap(w_self.value)
@@ -5773,13 +5710,15 @@
 def Repr_set_value(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.value = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.value) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'value', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'value')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 _Repr_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['value'])
 def Repr_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -5810,7 +5749,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'n')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'n')
     return w_self.n
@@ -5824,7 +5763,7 @@
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'n', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'n')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 _Num_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['n'])
 def Num_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -5855,7 +5794,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 's')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 's')
     return w_self.s
@@ -5869,7 +5808,7 @@
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 's', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 's')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 _Str_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['s'])
 def Str_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -5900,7 +5839,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'value')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'value')
     return space.wrap(w_self.value)
@@ -5908,20 +5847,22 @@
 def Attribute_set_value(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.value = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.value) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'value', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'value')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def Attribute_get_attr(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'attr')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'attr')
     return space.wrap(w_self.attr)
@@ -5935,14 +5876,14 @@
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'attr', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'attr')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def Attribute_get_ctx(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'ctx')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'ctx')
     return expr_context_to_class[w_self.ctx - 1]()
@@ -5958,7 +5899,7 @@
         return
     # need to save the original object too
     w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'ctx', w_new_value)
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 _Attribute_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['value', 'attr', 'ctx'])
 def Attribute_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -5991,7 +5932,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'value')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'value')
     return space.wrap(w_self.value)
@@ -5999,20 +5940,22 @@
 def Subscript_set_value(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.value = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.value) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'value', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'value')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def Subscript_get_slice(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'slice')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'slice')
     return space.wrap(w_self.slice)
@@ -6020,20 +5963,22 @@
 def Subscript_set_slice(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.slice = space.interp_w(slice, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.slice) is slice:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'slice', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'slice')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def Subscript_get_ctx(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'ctx')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'ctx')
     return expr_context_to_class[w_self.ctx - 1]()
@@ -6049,7 +5994,7 @@
         return
     # need to save the original object too
     w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'ctx', w_new_value)
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 _Subscript_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['value', 'slice', 'ctx'])
 def Subscript_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -6082,7 +6027,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'id')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'id')
     return space.wrap(w_self.id)
@@ -6096,14 +6041,14 @@
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'id', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'id')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def Name_get_ctx(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'ctx')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'ctx')
     return expr_context_to_class[w_self.ctx - 1]()
@@ -6119,7 +6064,7 @@
         return
     # need to save the original object too
     w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'ctx', w_new_value)
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 _Name_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['id', 'ctx'])
 def Name_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -6147,7 +6092,7 @@
 )
 
 def List_get_elts(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'elts')
     if w_self.w_elts is None:
@@ -6161,14 +6106,14 @@
 
 def List_set_elts(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_elts = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def List_get_ctx(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'ctx')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'ctx')
     return expr_context_to_class[w_self.ctx - 1]()
@@ -6184,7 +6129,7 @@
         return
     # need to save the original object too
     w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'ctx', w_new_value)
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 _List_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['elts', 'ctx'])
 def List_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -6213,7 +6158,7 @@
 )
 
 def Tuple_get_elts(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'elts')
     if w_self.w_elts is None:
@@ -6227,14 +6172,14 @@
 
 def Tuple_set_elts(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_elts = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def Tuple_get_ctx(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'ctx')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'ctx')
     return expr_context_to_class[w_self.ctx - 1]()
@@ -6250,7 +6195,7 @@
         return
     # need to save the original object too
     w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'ctx', w_new_value)
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 _Tuple_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['elts', 'ctx'])
 def Tuple_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -6283,7 +6228,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'value')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'value')
     return w_self.value
@@ -6297,7 +6242,7 @@
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'value', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'value')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 _Const_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['value'])
 def Const_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -6409,6 +6354,8 @@
 def Slice_set_lower(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.lower = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, True)
+        if type(w_self.lower) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
@@ -6430,6 +6377,8 @@
 def Slice_set_upper(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.upper = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, True)
+        if type(w_self.upper) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
@@ -6451,6 +6400,8 @@
 def Slice_set_step(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.step = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, True)
+        if type(w_self.step) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
@@ -6540,6 +6491,8 @@
 def Index_set_value(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.value = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.value) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
@@ -6809,6 +6762,8 @@
 def comprehension_set_target(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.target = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.target) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
@@ -6830,6 +6785,8 @@
 def comprehension_set_iter(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.iter = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.iter) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
@@ -6887,7 +6844,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'lineno')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & w_self._lineno_mask:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'lineno')
     return space.wrap(w_self.lineno)
@@ -6901,14 +6858,14 @@
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'lineno', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'lineno')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= w_self._lineno_mask
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
 
 def excepthandler_get_col_offset(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'col_offset')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & w_self._col_offset_mask:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'col_offset')
     return space.wrap(w_self.col_offset)
@@ -6922,7 +6879,7 @@
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'col_offset', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'col_offset')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= w_self._col_offset_mask
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
 
 excepthandler.typedef = typedef.TypeDef("excepthandler",
     AST.typedef,
@@ -6938,7 +6895,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'type')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'type')
     return space.wrap(w_self.type)
@@ -6946,20 +6903,22 @@
 def ExceptHandler_set_type(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.type = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, True)
+        if type(w_self.type) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'type', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'type')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def ExceptHandler_get_name(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'name')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'name')
     return space.wrap(w_self.name)
@@ -6967,16 +6926,18 @@
 def ExceptHandler_set_name(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.name = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, True)
+        if type(w_self.name) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'name', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'name')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def ExceptHandler_get_body(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     if w_self.w_body is None:
@@ -6990,7 +6951,7 @@
 
 def ExceptHandler_set_body(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_body = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 _ExceptHandler_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['type', 'name', 'body'])
 def ExceptHandler_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -7164,6 +7125,8 @@
 def keyword_set_value(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.value = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.value) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
diff --git a/pypy/interpreter/astcompiler/tools/asdl_py.py b/pypy/interpreter/astcompiler/tools/asdl_py.py
--- a/pypy/interpreter/astcompiler/tools/asdl_py.py
+++ b/pypy/interpreter/astcompiler/tools/asdl_py.py
@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@
         else:
             self.emit("class %s(AST):" % (base,))
             if sum.attributes:
+                self.emit("")
                 args = ", ".join(attr.name.value for attr in sum.attributes)
                 self.emit("def __init__(self, %s):" % (args,), 1)
                 for attr in sum.attributes:
@@ -114,7 +115,7 @@
             else:
                 names.append(repr(field.name.value))
         sub = (", ".join(names), name.value)
-        self.emit("missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, [%s], %r)"
+        self.emit("self.missing_field(space, [%s], %r)"
                   % sub, 3)
         self.emit("else:", 2)
         # Fill in all the default fields.
@@ -195,17 +196,13 @@
     def visitConstructor(self, cons, base, extra_attributes):
         self.emit("class %s(%s):" % (cons.name, base))
         self.emit("")
-        for field in self.data.cons_attributes[cons]:
-            subst = (field.name, self.data.field_masks[field])
-            self.emit("_%s_mask = %i" % subst, 1)
-        self.emit("")
         self.make_constructor(cons.fields, cons, extra_attributes, base)
         self.emit("")
         self.emit("def walkabout(self, visitor):", 1)
         self.emit("visitor.visit_%s(self)" % (cons.name,), 2)
         self.emit("")
         self.make_mutate_over(cons, cons.name)
-        self.make_var_syncer(cons.fields + self.data.cons_attributes[cons],
+        self.make_var_syncer(self.data.cons_attributes[cons] + cons.fields,
                              cons, cons.name)
 
     def visitField(self, field):
@@ -324,7 +321,7 @@
 
     def visitSum(self, sum, name):
         for field in sum.attributes:
-            self.make_property(field, name, True)
+            self.make_property(field, name)
         self.make_typedef(name, "AST", sum.attributes,
                           fields_name="_attributes")
         if not is_simple_sum(sum):
@@ -400,13 +397,10 @@
     def visitField(self, field, name):
         self.make_property(field, name)
 
-    def make_property(self, field, name, different_masks=False):
+    def make_property(self, field, name):
         func = "def %s_get_%s(space, w_self):" % (name, field.name)
         self.emit(func)
-        if different_masks:
-            flag = "w_self._%s_mask" % (field.name,)
-        else:
-            flag = self.data.field_masks[field]
+        flag = self.data.field_masks[field]
         if not field.seq:
             self.emit("if w_self.w_dict is not None:", 1)
             self.emit("    w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, '%s')" % (field.name,), 1)
@@ -458,6 +452,11 @@
                     config = (field.name, field.type, repr(field.opt))
                     self.emit("w_self.%s = space.interp_w(%s, w_new_value, %s)" %
                               config, 2)
+                    if field.type.value not in self.data.prod_simple:
+                        self.emit("if type(w_self.%s) is %s:" % (
+                                field.name, field.type), 2)
+                        self.emit("raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, "
+                                  "space.w_None)", 3)
             else:
                 level = 2
                 if field.opt and field.type.value != "int":
@@ -505,7 +504,10 @@
             optional_mask = 0
             for i, field in enumerate(fields):
                 flag = 1 << i
-                field_masks[field] = flag
+                if field not in field_masks:
+                    field_masks[field] = flag
+                else:
+                    assert field_masks[field] == flag
                 if field.opt:
                     optional_mask |= flag
                 else:
@@ -518,9 +520,9 @@
                 if is_simple_sum(sum):
                     simple_types.add(tp.name.value)
                 else:
+                    attrs = [field for field in sum.attributes]
                     for cons in sum.types:
-                        attrs = [copy_field(field) for field in sum.attributes]
-                        add_masks(cons.fields + attrs, cons)
+                        add_masks(attrs + cons.fields, cons)
                         cons_attributes[cons] = attrs
             else:
                 prod = tp.value
@@ -588,6 +590,24 @@
             space.setattr(self, w_name,
                           space.getitem(w_state, w_name))
 
+    def missing_field(self, space, required, host):
+        "Find which required field is missing."
+        state = self.initialization_state
+        for i in range(len(required)):
+            if (state >> i) & 1:
+                continue  # field is present
+            missing = required[i]
+            if missing is None:
+                continue  # field is optional
+            w_obj = self.getdictvalue(space, missing)
+            if w_obj is None:
+                err = "required field \\"%s\\" missing from %s"
+                raise operationerrfmt(space.w_TypeError, err, missing, host)
+            else:
+                err = "incorrect type for field \\"%s\\" in %s"
+                raise operationerrfmt(space.w_TypeError, err, missing, host)
+        raise AssertionError("should not reach here")
+
 
 class NodeVisitorNotImplemented(Exception):
     pass
@@ -631,15 +651,6 @@
 )
 
 
-def missing_field(space, state, required, host):
-    "Find which required field is missing."
-    for i in range(len(required)):
-        if not (state >> i) & 1:
-            missing = required[i]
-            if missing is not None:
-                 err = "required field \\"%s\\" missing from %s"
-                 raise operationerrfmt(space.w_TypeError, err, missing, host)
-    raise AssertionError("should not reach here")
 
 
 """
diff --git a/pypy/interpreter/eval.py b/pypy/interpreter/eval.py
--- a/pypy/interpreter/eval.py
+++ b/pypy/interpreter/eval.py
@@ -98,7 +98,6 @@
         "Abstract. Get the expected number of locals."
         raise TypeError, "abstract"
 
-    @jit.dont_look_inside
     def fast2locals(self):
         # Copy values from the fastlocals to self.w_locals
         if self.w_locals is None:
@@ -112,7 +111,6 @@
                 w_name = self.space.wrap(name)
                 self.space.setitem(self.w_locals, w_name, w_value)
 
-    @jit.dont_look_inside
     def locals2fast(self):
         # Copy values from self.w_locals to the fastlocals
         assert self.w_locals is not None
diff --git a/pypy/interpreter/gateway.py b/pypy/interpreter/gateway.py
--- a/pypy/interpreter/gateway.py
+++ b/pypy/interpreter/gateway.py
@@ -619,7 +619,8 @@
                                                   self.descr_reqcls,
                                                   args)
         except Exception, e:
-            raise self.handle_exception(space, e)
+            self.handle_exception(space, e)
+            w_result = None
         if w_result is None:
             w_result = space.w_None
         return w_result
@@ -655,7 +656,8 @@
                                                   self.descr_reqcls,
                                                   args)
         except Exception, e:
-            raise self.handle_exception(space, e)
+            self.handle_exception(space, e)
+            w_result = None
         if w_result is None:
             w_result = space.w_None
         return w_result
@@ -674,7 +676,8 @@
                                                   self.descr_reqcls,
                                                   args.prepend(w_obj))
         except Exception, e:
-            raise self.handle_exception(space, e)
+            self.handle_exception(space, e)
+            w_result = None
         if w_result is None:
             w_result = space.w_None
         return w_result
@@ -690,7 +693,8 @@
             raise OperationError(space.w_SystemError,
                                  space.wrap("unexpected DescrMismatch error"))
         except Exception, e:
-            raise self.handle_exception(space, e)
+            self.handle_exception(space, e)
+            w_result = None
         if w_result is None:
             w_result = space.w_None
         return w_result
@@ -708,7 +712,8 @@
                                            self.descr_reqcls,
                                            Arguments(space, [w1]))
         except Exception, e:
-            raise self.handle_exception(space, e)
+            self.handle_exception(space, e)
+            w_result = None
         if w_result is None:
             w_result = space.w_None
         return w_result
@@ -726,7 +731,8 @@
                                            self.descr_reqcls,
                                            Arguments(space, [w1, w2]))
         except Exception, e:
-            raise self.handle_exception(space, e)
+            self.handle_exception(space, e)
+            w_result = None
         if w_result is None:
             w_result = space.w_None
         return w_result
@@ -744,7 +750,8 @@
                                            self.descr_reqcls,
                                            Arguments(space, [w1, w2, w3]))
         except Exception, e:
-            raise self.handle_exception(space, e)
+            self.handle_exception(space, e)
+            w_result = None
         if w_result is None:
             w_result = space.w_None
         return w_result
@@ -763,7 +770,8 @@
                                            Arguments(space,
                                                      [w1, w2, w3, w4]))
         except Exception, e:
-            raise self.handle_exception(space, e)
+            self.handle_exception(space, e)
+            w_result = None
         if w_result is None:
             w_result = space.w_None
         return w_result
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/llgraph/runner.py b/pypy/jit/backend/llgraph/runner.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/llgraph/runner.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/llgraph/runner.py
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
     def get_arg_types(self):
         return self.arg_types
 
-    def get_return_type(self):
+    def get_result_type(self):
         return self.typeinfo
 
     def get_extra_info(self):
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/descr.py b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/descr.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/descr.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/descr.py
@@ -5,11 +5,7 @@
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import AbstractDescr, getkind
 from pypy.jit.metainterp import history
 from pypy.jit.codewriter import heaptracker, longlong
-
-# The point of the class organization in this file is to make instances
-# as compact as possible.  This is done by not storing the field size or
-# the 'is_pointer_field' flag in the instance itself but in the class
-# (in methods actually) using a few classes instead of just one.
+from pypy.jit.codewriter.longlong import is_longlong
 
 
 class GcCache(object):
@@ -19,6 +15,7 @@
         self._cache_size = {}
         self._cache_field = {}
         self._cache_array = {}
+        self._cache_arraylen = {}
         self._cache_call = {}
         self._cache_interiorfield = {}
 
@@ -26,24 +23,15 @@
         assert isinstance(STRUCT, lltype.GcStruct)
 
     def init_array_descr(self, ARRAY, arraydescr):
-        assert isinstance(ARRAY, lltype.GcArray)
+        assert (isinstance(ARRAY, lltype.GcArray) or
+                isinstance(ARRAY, lltype.GcStruct) and ARRAY._arrayfld)
 
 
-if lltype.SignedLongLong is lltype.Signed:
-    def is_longlong(TYPE):
-        return False
-else:
-    assert rffi.sizeof(lltype.SignedLongLong) == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Float)
-    def is_longlong(TYPE):
-        return TYPE in (lltype.SignedLongLong, lltype.UnsignedLongLong)
-
 # ____________________________________________________________
 # SizeDescrs
 
 class SizeDescr(AbstractDescr):
     size = 0      # help translation
-    is_immutable = False
-
     tid = llop.combine_ushort(lltype.Signed, 0, 0)
 
     def __init__(self, size, count_fields_if_immut=-1):
@@ -77,265 +65,247 @@
         cache[STRUCT] = sizedescr
         return sizedescr
 
+
 # ____________________________________________________________
 # FieldDescrs
 
-class BaseFieldDescr(AbstractDescr):
+FLAG_POINTER  = 'P'
+FLAG_FLOAT    = 'F'
+FLAG_UNSIGNED = 'U'
+FLAG_SIGNED   = 'S'
+FLAG_STRUCT   = 'X'
+FLAG_VOID     = 'V'
+
+class FieldDescr(AbstractDescr):
+    name = ''
     offset = 0      # help translation
-    name = ''
-    _clsname = ''
+    field_size = 0
+    flag = '\x00'
 
-    def __init__(self, name, offset):
+    def __init__(self, name, offset, field_size, flag):
         self.name = name
         self.offset = offset
+        self.field_size = field_size
+        self.flag = flag
+
+    def is_pointer_field(self):
+        return self.flag == FLAG_POINTER
+
+    def is_float_field(self):
+        return self.flag == FLAG_FLOAT
+
+    def is_field_signed(self):
+        return self.flag == FLAG_SIGNED
 
     def sort_key(self):
         return self.offset
 
-    def get_field_size(self, translate_support_code):
-        raise NotImplementedError
+    def repr_of_descr(self):
+        return '<Field%s %s %s>' % (self.flag, self.name, self.offset)
 
-    _is_pointer_field = False   # unless overridden by GcPtrFieldDescr
-    _is_float_field = False     # unless overridden by FloatFieldDescr
-    _is_field_signed = False    # unless overridden by XxxFieldDescr
-
-    def is_pointer_field(self):
-        return self._is_pointer_field
-
-    def is_float_field(self):
-        return self._is_float_field
-
-    def is_field_signed(self):
-        return self._is_field_signed
-
-    def repr_of_descr(self):
-        return '<%s %s %s>' % (self._clsname, self.name, self.offset)
-
-class DynamicFieldDescr(BaseFieldDescr):
-    def __init__(self, offset, fieldsize, is_pointer, is_float, is_signed):
-        self.offset = offset
-        self._fieldsize = fieldsize
-        self._is_pointer_field = is_pointer
-        self._is_float_field = is_float
-        self._is_field_signed = is_signed
-
-    def get_field_size(self, translate_support_code):
-        return self._fieldsize
-
-class NonGcPtrFieldDescr(BaseFieldDescr):
-    _clsname = 'NonGcPtrFieldDescr'
-    def get_field_size(self, translate_support_code):
-        return symbolic.get_size_of_ptr(translate_support_code)
-
-class GcPtrFieldDescr(NonGcPtrFieldDescr):
-    _clsname = 'GcPtrFieldDescr'
-    _is_pointer_field = True
-
-def getFieldDescrClass(TYPE):
-    return getDescrClass(TYPE, BaseFieldDescr, GcPtrFieldDescr,
-                         NonGcPtrFieldDescr, 'Field', 'get_field_size',
-                         '_is_float_field', '_is_field_signed')
 
 def get_field_descr(gccache, STRUCT, fieldname):
     cache = gccache._cache_field
     try:
         return cache[STRUCT][fieldname]
     except KeyError:
-        offset, _ = symbolic.get_field_token(STRUCT, fieldname,
-                                             gccache.translate_support_code)
+        offset, size = symbolic.get_field_token(STRUCT, fieldname,
+                                                gccache.translate_support_code)
         FIELDTYPE = getattr(STRUCT, fieldname)
+        flag = get_type_flag(FIELDTYPE)
         name = '%s.%s' % (STRUCT._name, fieldname)
-        fielddescr = getFieldDescrClass(FIELDTYPE)(name, offset)
+        fielddescr = FieldDescr(name, offset, size, flag)
         cachedict = cache.setdefault(STRUCT, {})
         cachedict[fieldname] = fielddescr
         return fielddescr
 
+def get_type_flag(TYPE):
+    if isinstance(TYPE, lltype.Ptr):
+        if TYPE.TO._gckind == 'gc':
+            return FLAG_POINTER
+        else:
+            return FLAG_UNSIGNED
+    if isinstance(TYPE, lltype.Struct):
+        return FLAG_STRUCT
+    if TYPE is lltype.Float or is_longlong(TYPE):
+        return FLAG_FLOAT
+    if (TYPE is not lltype.Bool and isinstance(TYPE, lltype.Number) and
+           rffi.cast(TYPE, -1) == -1):
+        return FLAG_SIGNED
+    return FLAG_UNSIGNED
+
+def get_field_arraylen_descr(gccache, ARRAY_OR_STRUCT):
+    cache = gccache._cache_arraylen
+    try:
+        return cache[ARRAY_OR_STRUCT]
+    except KeyError:
+        tsc = gccache.translate_support_code
+        (_, _, ofs) = symbolic.get_array_token(ARRAY_OR_STRUCT, tsc)
+        size = symbolic.get_size(lltype.Signed, tsc)
+        result = FieldDescr("len", ofs, size, get_type_flag(lltype.Signed))
+        cache[ARRAY_OR_STRUCT] = result
+        return result
+
+
 # ____________________________________________________________
 # ArrayDescrs
 
-_A = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Signed)     # a random gcarray
-_AF = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Float)     # an array of C doubles
+class ArrayDescr(AbstractDescr):
+    tid = 0
+    basesize = 0       # workaround for the annotator
+    itemsize = 0
+    lendescr = None
+    flag = '\x00'
 
-
-class BaseArrayDescr(AbstractDescr):
-    _clsname = ''
-    tid = llop.combine_ushort(lltype.Signed, 0, 0)
-
-    def get_base_size(self, translate_support_code):
-        basesize, _, _ = symbolic.get_array_token(_A, translate_support_code)
-        return basesize
-
-    def get_ofs_length(self, translate_support_code):
-        _, _, ofslength = symbolic.get_array_token(_A, translate_support_code)
-        return ofslength
-
-    def get_item_size(self, translate_support_code):
-        raise NotImplementedError
-
-    _is_array_of_pointers = False      # unless overridden by GcPtrArrayDescr
-    _is_array_of_floats   = False      # unless overridden by FloatArrayDescr
-    _is_array_of_structs  = False      # unless overridden by StructArrayDescr
-    _is_item_signed       = False      # unless overridden by XxxArrayDescr
+    def __init__(self, basesize, itemsize, lendescr, flag):
+        self.basesize = basesize
+        self.itemsize = itemsize
+        self.lendescr = lendescr    # or None, if no length
+        self.flag = flag
 
     def is_array_of_pointers(self):
-        return self._is_array_of_pointers
+        return self.flag == FLAG_POINTER
 
     def is_array_of_floats(self):
-        return self._is_array_of_floats
+        return self.flag == FLAG_FLOAT
+
+    def is_item_signed(self):
+        return self.flag == FLAG_SIGNED
 
     def is_array_of_structs(self):
-        return self._is_array_of_structs
-
-    def is_item_signed(self):
-        return self._is_item_signed
+        return self.flag == FLAG_STRUCT
 
     def repr_of_descr(self):
-        return '<%s>' % self._clsname
+        return '<Array%s %s>' % (self.flag, self.itemsize)
 
 
-class NonGcPtrArrayDescr(BaseArrayDescr):
-    _clsname = 'NonGcPtrArrayDescr'
-    def get_item_size(self, translate_support_code):
-        return symbolic.get_size_of_ptr(translate_support_code)
-
-class GcPtrArrayDescr(NonGcPtrArrayDescr):
-    _clsname = 'GcPtrArrayDescr'
-    _is_array_of_pointers = True
-
-class FloatArrayDescr(BaseArrayDescr):
-    _clsname = 'FloatArrayDescr'
-    _is_array_of_floats = True
-    def get_base_size(self, translate_support_code):
-        basesize, _, _ = symbolic.get_array_token(_AF, translate_support_code)
-        return basesize
-    def get_item_size(self, translate_support_code):
-        return symbolic.get_size(lltype.Float, translate_support_code)
-
-class StructArrayDescr(BaseArrayDescr):
-    _clsname = 'StructArrayDescr'
-    _is_array_of_structs = True
-
-class BaseArrayNoLengthDescr(BaseArrayDescr):
-    def get_base_size(self, translate_support_code):
-        return 0
-
-    def get_ofs_length(self, translate_support_code):
-        return -1
-
-class DynamicArrayNoLengthDescr(BaseArrayNoLengthDescr):
-    def __init__(self, itemsize):
-        self.itemsize = itemsize
-
-    def get_item_size(self, translate_support_code):
-        return self.itemsize
-
-class NonGcPtrArrayNoLengthDescr(BaseArrayNoLengthDescr):
-    _clsname = 'NonGcPtrArrayNoLengthDescr'
-    def get_item_size(self, translate_support_code):
-        return symbolic.get_size_of_ptr(translate_support_code)
-
-class GcPtrArrayNoLengthDescr(NonGcPtrArrayNoLengthDescr):
-    _clsname = 'GcPtrArrayNoLengthDescr'
-    _is_array_of_pointers = True
-
-def getArrayDescrClass(ARRAY):
-    if ARRAY.OF is lltype.Float:
-        return FloatArrayDescr
-    elif isinstance(ARRAY.OF, lltype.Struct):
-        class Descr(StructArrayDescr):
-            _clsname = '%sArrayDescr' % ARRAY.OF._name
-            def get_item_size(self, translate_support_code):
-                return symbolic.get_size(ARRAY.OF, translate_support_code)
-        Descr.__name__ = Descr._clsname
-        return Descr
-    return getDescrClass(ARRAY.OF, BaseArrayDescr, GcPtrArrayDescr,
-                         NonGcPtrArrayDescr, 'Array', 'get_item_size',
-                         '_is_array_of_floats', '_is_item_signed')
-
-def getArrayNoLengthDescrClass(ARRAY):
-    return getDescrClass(ARRAY.OF, BaseArrayNoLengthDescr, GcPtrArrayNoLengthDescr,
-                         NonGcPtrArrayNoLengthDescr, 'ArrayNoLength', 'get_item_size',
-                         '_is_array_of_floats', '_is_item_signed')
-
-def get_array_descr(gccache, ARRAY):
+def get_array_descr(gccache, ARRAY_OR_STRUCT):
     cache = gccache._cache_array
     try:
-        return cache[ARRAY]
+        return cache[ARRAY_OR_STRUCT]
     except KeyError:
-        # we only support Arrays that are either GcArrays, or raw no-length
-        # non-gc Arrays.
-        if ARRAY._hints.get('nolength', False):
-            assert not isinstance(ARRAY, lltype.GcArray)
-            arraydescr = getArrayNoLengthDescrClass(ARRAY)()
+        tsc = gccache.translate_support_code
+        basesize, itemsize, _ = symbolic.get_array_token(ARRAY_OR_STRUCT, tsc)
+        if isinstance(ARRAY_OR_STRUCT, lltype.Array):
+            ARRAY_INSIDE = ARRAY_OR_STRUCT
         else:
-            assert isinstance(ARRAY, lltype.GcArray)
-            arraydescr = getArrayDescrClass(ARRAY)()
-        # verify basic assumption that all arrays' basesize and ofslength
-        # are equal
-        basesize, itemsize, ofslength = symbolic.get_array_token(ARRAY, False)
-        assert basesize == arraydescr.get_base_size(False)
-        assert itemsize == arraydescr.get_item_size(False)
-        if not ARRAY._hints.get('nolength', False):
-            assert ofslength == arraydescr.get_ofs_length(False)
-        if isinstance(ARRAY, lltype.GcArray):
-            gccache.init_array_descr(ARRAY, arraydescr)
-        cache[ARRAY] = arraydescr
+            ARRAY_INSIDE = ARRAY_OR_STRUCT._flds[ARRAY_OR_STRUCT._arrayfld]
+        if ARRAY_INSIDE._hints.get('nolength', False):
+            lendescr = None
+        else:
+            lendescr = get_field_arraylen_descr(gccache, ARRAY_OR_STRUCT)
+        flag = get_type_flag(ARRAY_INSIDE.OF)
+        arraydescr = ArrayDescr(basesize, itemsize, lendescr, flag)
+        if ARRAY_OR_STRUCT._gckind == 'gc':
+            gccache.init_array_descr(ARRAY_OR_STRUCT, arraydescr)
+        cache[ARRAY_OR_STRUCT] = arraydescr
         return arraydescr
 
+
 # ____________________________________________________________
 # InteriorFieldDescr
 
 class InteriorFieldDescr(AbstractDescr):
-    arraydescr = BaseArrayDescr()     # workaround for the annotator
-    fielddescr = BaseFieldDescr('', 0)
+    arraydescr = ArrayDescr(0, 0, None, '\x00')  # workaround for the annotator
+    fielddescr = FieldDescr('', 0, 0, '\x00')
 
     def __init__(self, arraydescr, fielddescr):
+        assert arraydescr.flag == FLAG_STRUCT
         self.arraydescr = arraydescr
         self.fielddescr = fielddescr
 
+    def sort_key(self):
+        return self.fielddescr.sort_key()
+
     def is_pointer_field(self):
         return self.fielddescr.is_pointer_field()
 
     def is_float_field(self):
         return self.fielddescr.is_float_field()
 
-    def sort_key(self):
-        return self.fielddescr.sort_key()
-
     def repr_of_descr(self):
         return '<InteriorFieldDescr %s>' % self.fielddescr.repr_of_descr()
 
-def get_interiorfield_descr(gc_ll_descr, ARRAY, FIELDTP, name):
+def get_interiorfield_descr(gc_ll_descr, ARRAY, name):
     cache = gc_ll_descr._cache_interiorfield
     try:
-        return cache[(ARRAY, FIELDTP, name)]
+        return cache[(ARRAY, name)]
     except KeyError:
         arraydescr = get_array_descr(gc_ll_descr, ARRAY)
-        fielddescr = get_field_descr(gc_ll_descr, FIELDTP, name)
+        fielddescr = get_field_descr(gc_ll_descr, ARRAY.OF, name)
         descr = InteriorFieldDescr(arraydescr, fielddescr)
-        cache[(ARRAY, FIELDTP, name)] = descr
+        cache[(ARRAY, name)] = descr
         return descr
 
+def get_dynamic_interiorfield_descr(gc_ll_descr, offset, width, fieldsize,
+                                    is_pointer, is_float, is_signed):
+    arraydescr = ArrayDescr(0, width, None, FLAG_STRUCT)
+    if is_pointer:
+        assert not is_float
+        flag = FLAG_POINTER
+    elif is_float:
+        flag = FLAG_FLOAT
+    elif is_signed:
+        flag = FLAG_SIGNED
+    else:
+        flag = FLAG_UNSIGNED
+    fielddescr = FieldDescr('dynamic', offset, fieldsize, flag)
+    return InteriorFieldDescr(arraydescr, fielddescr)
+
+
 # ____________________________________________________________
 # CallDescrs
 
-class BaseCallDescr(AbstractDescr):
-    _clsname = ''
-    loop_token = None
+class CallDescr(AbstractDescr):
     arg_classes = ''     # <-- annotation hack
+    result_type = '\x00'
+    result_flag = '\x00'
     ffi_flags = 1
+    call_stub_i = staticmethod(lambda func, args_i, args_r, args_f:
+                               0)
+    call_stub_r = staticmethod(lambda func, args_i, args_r, args_f:
+                               lltype.nullptr(llmemory.GCREF.TO))
+    call_stub_f = staticmethod(lambda func,args_i,args_r,args_f:
+                               longlong.ZEROF)
 
-    def __init__(self, arg_classes, extrainfo=None, ffi_flags=1):
-        self.arg_classes = arg_classes    # string of "r" and "i" (ref/int)
+    def __init__(self, arg_classes, result_type, result_signed, result_size,
+                 extrainfo=None, ffi_flags=1):
+        """
+            'arg_classes' is a string of characters, one per argument:
+                'i', 'r', 'f', 'L', 'S'
+
+            'result_type' is one character from the same list or 'v'
+
+            'result_signed' is a boolean True/False
+        """
+        self.arg_classes = arg_classes
+        self.result_type = result_type
+        self.result_size = result_size
         self.extrainfo = extrainfo
         self.ffi_flags = ffi_flags
         # NB. the default ffi_flags is 1, meaning FUNCFLAG_CDECL, which
         # makes sense on Windows as it's the one for all the C functions
         # we are compiling together with the JIT.  On non-Windows platforms
         # it is just ignored anyway.
+        if result_type == 'v':
+            result_flag = FLAG_VOID
+        elif result_type == 'i':
+            if result_signed:
+                result_flag = FLAG_SIGNED
+            else:
+                result_flag = FLAG_UNSIGNED
+        elif result_type == history.REF:
+            result_flag = FLAG_POINTER
+        elif result_type == history.FLOAT or result_type == 'L':
+            result_flag = FLAG_FLOAT
+        elif result_type == 'S':
+            result_flag = FLAG_UNSIGNED
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError("result_type = '%s'" % (result_type,))
+        self.result_flag = result_flag
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        res = '%s(%s)' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.arg_classes)
+        res = 'CallDescr(%s)' % (self.arg_classes,)
         extraeffect = getattr(self.extrainfo, 'extraeffect', None)
         if extraeffect is not None:
             res += ' EF=%r' % extraeffect
@@ -363,14 +333,14 @@
     def get_arg_types(self):
         return self.arg_classes
 
-    def get_return_type(self):
-        return self._return_type
+    def get_result_type(self):
+        return self.result_type
 
-    def get_result_size(self, translate_support_code):
-        raise NotImplementedError
+    def get_result_size(self):
+        return self.result_size
 
     def is_result_signed(self):
-        return False    # unless overridden
+        return self.result_flag == FLAG_SIGNED
 
     def create_call_stub(self, rtyper, RESULT):
         from pypy.rlib.clibffi import FFI_DEFAULT_ABI
@@ -408,18 +378,26 @@
         seen = {'i': 0, 'r': 0, 'f': 0}
         args = ", ".join([process(c) for c in self.arg_classes])
 
-        if self.get_return_type() == history.INT:
+        result_type = self.get_result_type()
+        if result_type == history.INT:
             result = 'rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, res)'
-        elif self.get_return_type() == history.REF:
+            category = 'i'
+        elif result_type == history.REF:
+            assert RESULT == llmemory.GCREF   # should be ensured by the caller
             result = 'lltype.cast_opaque_ptr(llmemory.GCREF, res)'
-        elif self.get_return_type() == history.FLOAT:
+            category = 'r'
+        elif result_type == history.FLOAT:
             result = 'longlong.getfloatstorage(res)'
-        elif self.get_return_type() == 'L':
+            category = 'f'
+        elif result_type == 'L':
             result = 'rffi.cast(lltype.SignedLongLong, res)'
-        elif self.get_return_type() == history.VOID:
-            result = 'None'
-        elif self.get_return_type() == 'S':
+            category = 'f'
+        elif result_type == history.VOID:
+            result = '0'
+            category = 'i'
+        elif result_type == 'S':
             result = 'longlong.singlefloat2int(res)'
+            category = 'i'
         else:
             assert 0
         source = py.code.Source("""
@@ -433,10 +411,13 @@
         d = globals().copy()
         d.update(locals())
         exec source.compile() in d
-        self.call_stub = d['call_stub']
+        call_stub = d['call_stub']
+        # store the function into one of three attributes, to preserve
+        # type-correctness of the return value
+        setattr(self, 'call_stub_%s' % category, call_stub)
 
     def verify_types(self, args_i, args_r, args_f, return_type):
-        assert self._return_type in return_type
+        assert self.result_type in return_type
         assert (self.arg_classes.count('i') +
                 self.arg_classes.count('S')) == len(args_i or ())
         assert self.arg_classes.count('r') == len(args_r or ())
@@ -444,161 +425,56 @@
                 self.arg_classes.count('L')) == len(args_f or ())
 
     def repr_of_descr(self):
-        return '<%s>' % self._clsname
+        res = 'Call%s %d' % (self.result_type, self.result_size)
+        if self.arg_classes:
+            res += ' ' + self.arg_classes
+        if self.extrainfo:
+            res += ' EF=%d' % self.extrainfo.extraeffect
+            oopspecindex = self.extrainfo.oopspecindex
+            if oopspecindex:
+                res += ' OS=%d' % oopspecindex
+        return '<%s>' % res
 
 
-class BaseIntCallDescr(BaseCallDescr):
-    # Base class of the various subclasses of descrs corresponding to
-    # calls having a return kind of 'int' (including non-gc pointers).
-    # The inheritance hierarchy is a bit different than with other Descr
-    # classes because of the 'call_stub' attribute, which is of type
-    #
-    #     lambda func, args_i, args_r, args_f --> int/ref/float/void
-    #
-    # The purpose of BaseIntCallDescr is to be the parent of all classes
-    # in which 'call_stub' has a return kind of 'int'.
-    _return_type = history.INT
-    call_stub = staticmethod(lambda func, args_i, args_r, args_f: 0)
-
-    _is_result_signed = False      # can be overridden in XxxCallDescr
-    def is_result_signed(self):
-        return self._is_result_signed
-
-class DynamicIntCallDescr(BaseIntCallDescr):
-    """
-    calldescr that works for every integer type, by explicitly passing it the
-    size of the result. Used only by get_call_descr_dynamic
-    """
-    _clsname = 'DynamicIntCallDescr'
-
-    def __init__(self, arg_classes, result_size, result_sign, extrainfo, ffi_flags):
-        BaseIntCallDescr.__init__(self, arg_classes, extrainfo, ffi_flags)
-        assert isinstance(result_sign, bool)
-        self._result_size = chr(result_size)
-        self._result_sign = result_sign
-
-    def get_result_size(self, translate_support_code):
-        return ord(self._result_size)
-
-    def is_result_signed(self):
-        return self._result_sign
-
-
-class NonGcPtrCallDescr(BaseIntCallDescr):
-    _clsname = 'NonGcPtrCallDescr'
-    def get_result_size(self, translate_support_code):
-        return symbolic.get_size_of_ptr(translate_support_code)
-
-class GcPtrCallDescr(BaseCallDescr):
-    _clsname = 'GcPtrCallDescr'
-    _return_type = history.REF
-    call_stub = staticmethod(lambda func, args_i, args_r, args_f:
-                             lltype.nullptr(llmemory.GCREF.TO))
-    def get_result_size(self, translate_support_code):
-        return symbolic.get_size_of_ptr(translate_support_code)
-
-class FloatCallDescr(BaseCallDescr):
-    _clsname = 'FloatCallDescr'
-    _return_type = history.FLOAT
-    call_stub = staticmethod(lambda func,args_i,args_r,args_f: longlong.ZEROF)
-    def get_result_size(self, translate_support_code):
-        return symbolic.get_size(lltype.Float, translate_support_code)
-
-class LongLongCallDescr(FloatCallDescr):
-    _clsname = 'LongLongCallDescr'
-    _return_type = 'L'
-
-class VoidCallDescr(BaseCallDescr):
-    _clsname = 'VoidCallDescr'
-    _return_type = history.VOID
-    call_stub = staticmethod(lambda func, args_i, args_r, args_f: None)
-    def get_result_size(self, translate_support_code):
-        return 0
-
-_SingleFloatCallDescr = None   # built lazily
-
-def getCallDescrClass(RESULT):
-    if RESULT is lltype.Void:
-        return VoidCallDescr
-    if RESULT is lltype.Float:
-        return FloatCallDescr
-    if RESULT is lltype.SingleFloat:
-        global _SingleFloatCallDescr
-        if _SingleFloatCallDescr is None:
-            assert rffi.sizeof(rffi.UINT) == rffi.sizeof(RESULT)
-            class SingleFloatCallDescr(getCallDescrClass(rffi.UINT)):
-                _clsname = 'SingleFloatCallDescr'
-                _return_type = 'S'
-            _SingleFloatCallDescr = SingleFloatCallDescr
-        return _SingleFloatCallDescr
-    if is_longlong(RESULT):
-        return LongLongCallDescr
-    return getDescrClass(RESULT, BaseIntCallDescr, GcPtrCallDescr,
-                         NonGcPtrCallDescr, 'Call', 'get_result_size',
-                         Ellipsis,  # <= floatattrname should not be used here
-                         '_is_result_signed')
-getCallDescrClass._annspecialcase_ = 'specialize:memo'
+def map_type_to_argclass(ARG, accept_void=False):
+    kind = getkind(ARG)
+    if   kind == 'int':
+        if ARG is lltype.SingleFloat: return 'S'
+        else:                         return 'i'
+    elif kind == 'ref':               return 'r'
+    elif kind == 'float':
+        if is_longlong(ARG):          return 'L'
+        else:                         return 'f'
+    elif kind == 'void':
+        if accept_void:               return 'v'
+    raise NotImplementedError('ARG = %r' % (ARG,))
 
 def get_call_descr(gccache, ARGS, RESULT, extrainfo=None):
-    arg_classes = []
-    for ARG in ARGS:
-        kind = getkind(ARG)
-        if   kind == 'int':
-            if ARG is lltype.SingleFloat:
-                arg_classes.append('S')
+    arg_classes = map(map_type_to_argclass, ARGS)
+    arg_classes = ''.join(arg_classes)
+    result_type = map_type_to_argclass(RESULT, accept_void=True)
+    RESULT_ERASED = RESULT
+    if RESULT is lltype.Void:
+        result_size = 0
+        result_signed = False
+    else:
+        if isinstance(RESULT, lltype.Ptr):
+            # avoid too many CallDescrs
+            if result_type == 'r':
+                RESULT_ERASED = llmemory.GCREF
             else:
-                arg_classes.append('i')
-        elif kind == 'ref': arg_classes.append('r')
-        elif kind == 'float':
-            if is_longlong(ARG):
-                arg_classes.append('L')
-            else:
-                arg_classes.append('f')
-        else:
-            raise NotImplementedError('ARG = %r' % (ARG,))
-    arg_classes = ''.join(arg_classes)
-    cls = getCallDescrClass(RESULT)
-    key = (cls, arg_classes, extrainfo)
+                RESULT_ERASED = llmemory.Address
+        result_size = symbolic.get_size(RESULT_ERASED,
+                                        gccache.translate_support_code)
+        result_signed = get_type_flag(RESULT) == FLAG_SIGNED
+    key = (arg_classes, result_type, result_signed, RESULT_ERASED, extrainfo)
     cache = gccache._cache_call
     try:
-        return cache[key]
+        calldescr = cache[key]
     except KeyError:
-        calldescr = cls(arg_classes, extrainfo)
-        calldescr.create_call_stub(gccache.rtyper, RESULT)
+        calldescr = CallDescr(arg_classes, result_type, result_signed,
+                              result_size, extrainfo)
+        calldescr.create_call_stub(gccache.rtyper, RESULT_ERASED)
         cache[key] = calldescr
-        return calldescr
-
-
-# ____________________________________________________________
-
-def getDescrClass(TYPE, BaseDescr, GcPtrDescr, NonGcPtrDescr,
-                  nameprefix, methodname, floatattrname, signedattrname,
-                  _cache={}):
-    if isinstance(TYPE, lltype.Ptr):
-        if TYPE.TO._gckind == 'gc':
-            return GcPtrDescr
-        else:
-            return NonGcPtrDescr
-    if TYPE is lltype.SingleFloat:
-        assert rffi.sizeof(rffi.UINT) == rffi.sizeof(TYPE)
-        TYPE = rffi.UINT
-    try:
-        return _cache[nameprefix, TYPE]
-    except KeyError:
-        #
-        class Descr(BaseDescr):
-            _clsname = '%s%sDescr' % (TYPE._name, nameprefix)
-        Descr.__name__ = Descr._clsname
-        #
-        def method(self, translate_support_code):
-            return symbolic.get_size(TYPE, translate_support_code)
-        setattr(Descr, methodname, method)
-        #
-        if TYPE is lltype.Float or is_longlong(TYPE):
-            setattr(Descr, floatattrname, True)
-        elif (TYPE is not lltype.Bool and isinstance(TYPE, lltype.Number) and
-              rffi.cast(TYPE, -1) == -1):
-            setattr(Descr, signedattrname, True)
-        #
-        _cache[nameprefix, TYPE] = Descr
-        return Descr
+    assert repr(calldescr.result_size) == repr(result_size)
+    return calldescr
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/ffisupport.py b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/ffisupport.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/ffisupport.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/ffisupport.py
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import intmask
 from pypy.jit.metainterp import history
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import rffi
-from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import (
-    DynamicIntCallDescr, NonGcPtrCallDescr, FloatCallDescr, VoidCallDescr,
-    LongLongCallDescr, getCallDescrClass)
+from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import CallDescr
 
 class UnsupportedKind(Exception):
     pass
@@ -16,29 +14,13 @@
         argkinds = [get_ffi_type_kind(cpu, arg) for arg in ffi_args]
     except UnsupportedKind:
         return None
-    arg_classes = ''.join(argkinds)
-    if reskind == history.INT:
-        size = intmask(ffi_result.c_size)
-        signed = is_ffi_type_signed(ffi_result)
-        return DynamicIntCallDescr(arg_classes, size, signed, extrainfo,
-                                   ffi_flags=ffi_flags)
-    elif reskind == history.REF:
-        return  NonGcPtrCallDescr(arg_classes, extrainfo,
-                                  ffi_flags=ffi_flags)
-    elif reskind == history.FLOAT:
-        return FloatCallDescr(arg_classes, extrainfo,
-                              ffi_flags=ffi_flags)
-    elif reskind == history.VOID:
-        return VoidCallDescr(arg_classes, extrainfo,
-                             ffi_flags=ffi_flags)
-    elif reskind == 'L':
-        return LongLongCallDescr(arg_classes, extrainfo,
-                                 ffi_flags=ffi_flags)
-    elif reskind == 'S':
-        SingleFloatCallDescr = getCallDescrClass(rffi.FLOAT)
-        return SingleFloatCallDescr(arg_classes, extrainfo,
-                                    ffi_flags=ffi_flags)
-    assert False
+    if reskind == history.VOID:
+        result_size = 0
+    else:
+        result_size = intmask(ffi_result.c_size)
+    argkinds = ''.join(argkinds)
+    return CallDescr(argkinds, reskind, is_ffi_type_signed(ffi_result),
+                     result_size, extrainfo, ffi_flags=ffi_flags)
 
 def get_ffi_type_kind(cpu, ffi_type):
     from pypy.rlib.libffi import types
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/gc.py b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/gc.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/gc.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/gc.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import os
 from pypy.rlib import rgc
-from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import we_are_translated
+from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import we_are_translated, specialize
 from pypy.rlib.debug import fatalerror
 from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import ovfcheck
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, llmemory, rffi, rclass, rstr
@@ -8,52 +8,93 @@
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem.lloperation import llop
 from pypy.rpython.annlowlevel import llhelper
 from pypy.translator.tool.cbuild import ExternalCompilationInfo
-from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import BoxInt, BoxPtr, ConstInt, ConstPtr
-from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import AbstractDescr
+from pypy.jit.codewriter import heaptracker
+from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import ConstPtr, AbstractDescr
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.resoperation import ResOperation, rop
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport import symbolic
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.symbolic import WORD
-from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import BaseSizeDescr, BaseArrayDescr
+from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import SizeDescr, ArrayDescr
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import GcCache, get_field_descr
-from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import GcPtrFieldDescr
+from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import get_array_descr
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import get_call_descr
+from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.rewrite import GcRewriterAssembler
 from pypy.rpython.memory.gctransform import asmgcroot
 
 # ____________________________________________________________
 
 class GcLLDescription(GcCache):
-    minimal_size_in_nursery = 0
-    get_malloc_slowpath_addr = None
 
     def __init__(self, gcdescr, translator=None, rtyper=None):
         GcCache.__init__(self, translator is not None, rtyper)
         self.gcdescr = gcdescr
+        if translator and translator.config.translation.gcremovetypeptr:
+            self.fielddescr_vtable = None
+        else:
+            self.fielddescr_vtable = get_field_descr(self, rclass.OBJECT,
+                                                     'typeptr')
+        self._generated_functions = []
+
+    def _setup_str(self):
+        self.str_descr     = get_array_descr(self, rstr.STR)
+        self.unicode_descr = get_array_descr(self, rstr.UNICODE)
+
+    def generate_function(self, funcname, func, ARGS, RESULT=llmemory.GCREF):
+        """Generates a variant of malloc with the given name and the given
+        arguments.  It should return NULL if out of memory.  If it raises
+        anything, it must be an optional MemoryError.
+        """
+        FUNCPTR = lltype.Ptr(lltype.FuncType(ARGS, RESULT))
+        descr = get_call_descr(self, ARGS, RESULT)
+        setattr(self, funcname, func)
+        setattr(self, funcname + '_FUNCPTR', FUNCPTR)
+        setattr(self, funcname + '_descr', descr)
+        self._generated_functions.append(funcname)
+
+    @specialize.arg(1)
+    def get_malloc_fn(self, funcname):
+        func = getattr(self, funcname)
+        FUNC = getattr(self, funcname + '_FUNCPTR')
+        return llhelper(FUNC, func)
+
+    @specialize.arg(1)
+    def get_malloc_fn_addr(self, funcname):
+        ll_func = self.get_malloc_fn(funcname)
+        return heaptracker.adr2int(llmemory.cast_ptr_to_adr(ll_func))
+
     def _freeze_(self):
         return True
     def initialize(self):
         pass
     def do_write_barrier(self, gcref_struct, gcref_newptr):
         pass
-    def rewrite_assembler(self, cpu, operations, gcrefs_output_list):
-        return operations
-    def can_inline_malloc(self, descr):
-        return False
-    def can_inline_malloc_varsize(self, descr, num_elem):
+    def can_use_nursery_malloc(self, size):
         return False
     def has_write_barrier_class(self):
         return None
     def freeing_block(self, start, stop):
         pass
+    def get_nursery_free_addr(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+    def get_nursery_top_addr(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
 
-    def get_funcptr_for_newarray(self):
-        return llhelper(self.GC_MALLOC_ARRAY, self.malloc_array)
-    def get_funcptr_for_newstr(self):
-        return llhelper(self.GC_MALLOC_STR_UNICODE, self.malloc_str)
-    def get_funcptr_for_newunicode(self):
-        return llhelper(self.GC_MALLOC_STR_UNICODE, self.malloc_unicode)
+    def gc_malloc(self, sizedescr):
+        """Blackhole: do a 'bh_new'.  Also used for 'bh_new_with_vtable',
+        with the vtable pointer set manually afterwards."""
+        assert isinstance(sizedescr, SizeDescr)
+        return self._bh_malloc(sizedescr)
 
+    def gc_malloc_array(self, arraydescr, num_elem):
+        assert isinstance(arraydescr, ArrayDescr)
+        return self._bh_malloc_array(arraydescr, num_elem)
 
-    def record_constptrs(self, op, gcrefs_output_list):
+    def gc_malloc_str(self, num_elem):
+        return self._bh_malloc_array(self.str_descr, num_elem)
+
+    def gc_malloc_unicode(self, num_elem):
+        return self._bh_malloc_array(self.unicode_descr, num_elem)
+
+    def _record_constptrs(self, op, gcrefs_output_list):
         for i in range(op.numargs()):
             v = op.getarg(i)
             if isinstance(v, ConstPtr) and bool(v.value):
@@ -61,11 +102,27 @@
                 rgc._make_sure_does_not_move(p)
                 gcrefs_output_list.append(p)
 
+    def rewrite_assembler(self, cpu, operations, gcrefs_output_list):
+        rewriter = GcRewriterAssembler(self, cpu)
+        newops = rewriter.rewrite(operations)
+        # record all GCREFs, because the GC (or Boehm) cannot see them and
+        # keep them alive if they end up as constants in the assembler
+        for op in newops:
+            self._record_constptrs(op, gcrefs_output_list)
+        return newops
+
 # ____________________________________________________________
 
 class GcLLDescr_boehm(GcLLDescription):
-    moving_gc = False
-    gcrootmap = None
+    kind                  = 'boehm'
+    moving_gc             = False
+    round_up              = False
+    gcrootmap             = None
+    write_barrier_descr   = None
+    fielddescr_tid        = None
+    str_type_id           = 0
+    unicode_type_id       = 0
+    get_malloc_slowpath_addr = None
 
     @classmethod
     def configure_boehm_once(cls):
@@ -76,6 +133,16 @@
         from pypy.rpython.tool import rffi_platform
         compilation_info = rffi_platform.configure_boehm()
 
+        # on some platform GC_init is required before any other
+        # GC_* functions, call it here for the benefit of tests
+        # XXX move this to tests
+        init_fn_ptr = rffi.llexternal("GC_init",
+                                      [], lltype.Void,
+                                      compilation_info=compilation_info,
+                                      sandboxsafe=True,
+                                      _nowrapper=True)
+        init_fn_ptr()
+
         # Versions 6.x of libgc needs to use GC_local_malloc().
         # Versions 7.x of libgc removed this function; GC_malloc() has
         # the same behavior if libgc was compiled with
@@ -95,96 +162,42 @@
                                         sandboxsafe=True,
                                         _nowrapper=True)
         cls.malloc_fn_ptr = malloc_fn_ptr
-        cls.compilation_info = compilation_info
         return malloc_fn_ptr
 
     def __init__(self, gcdescr, translator, rtyper):
         GcLLDescription.__init__(self, gcdescr, translator, rtyper)
         # grab a pointer to the Boehm 'malloc' function
-        malloc_fn_ptr = self.configure_boehm_once()
-        self.funcptr_for_new = malloc_fn_ptr
+        self.malloc_fn_ptr = self.configure_boehm_once()
+        self._setup_str()
+        self._make_functions()
 
-        def malloc_array(basesize, itemsize, ofs_length, num_elem):
+    def _make_functions(self):
+
+        def malloc_fixedsize(size):
+            return self.malloc_fn_ptr(size)
+        self.generate_function('malloc_fixedsize', malloc_fixedsize,
+                               [lltype.Signed])
+
+        def malloc_array(basesize, num_elem, itemsize, ofs_length):
             try:
-                size = ovfcheck(basesize + ovfcheck(itemsize * num_elem))
+                totalsize = ovfcheck(basesize + ovfcheck(itemsize * num_elem))
             except OverflowError:
                 return lltype.nullptr(llmemory.GCREF.TO)
-            res = self.funcptr_for_new(size)
-            if not res:
-                return res
-            rffi.cast(rffi.CArrayPtr(lltype.Signed), res)[ofs_length/WORD] = num_elem
+            res = self.malloc_fn_ptr(totalsize)
+            if res:
+                arrayptr = rffi.cast(rffi.CArrayPtr(lltype.Signed), res)
+                arrayptr[ofs_length/WORD] = num_elem
             return res
-        self.malloc_array = malloc_array
-        self.GC_MALLOC_ARRAY = lltype.Ptr(lltype.FuncType(
-            [lltype.Signed] * 4, llmemory.GCREF))
+        self.generate_function('malloc_array', malloc_array,
+                               [lltype.Signed] * 4)
 
+    def _bh_malloc(self, sizedescr):
+        return self.malloc_fixedsize(sizedescr.size)
 
-        (str_basesize, str_itemsize, str_ofs_length
-         ) = symbolic.get_array_token(rstr.STR, self.translate_support_code)
-        (unicode_basesize, unicode_itemsize, unicode_ofs_length
-         ) = symbolic.get_array_token(rstr.UNICODE, self.translate_support_code)
-        def malloc_str(length):
-            return self.malloc_array(
-                str_basesize, str_itemsize, str_ofs_length, length
-            )
-        def malloc_unicode(length):
-            return self.malloc_array(
-                unicode_basesize, unicode_itemsize, unicode_ofs_length, length
-            )
-        self.malloc_str = malloc_str
-        self.malloc_unicode = malloc_unicode
-        self.GC_MALLOC_STR_UNICODE = lltype.Ptr(lltype.FuncType(
-            [lltype.Signed], llmemory.GCREF))
-
-
-        # on some platform GC_init is required before any other
-        # GC_* functions, call it here for the benefit of tests
-        # XXX move this to tests
-        init_fn_ptr = rffi.llexternal("GC_init",
-                                      [], lltype.Void,
-                                      compilation_info=self.compilation_info,
-                                      sandboxsafe=True,
-                                      _nowrapper=True)
-
-        init_fn_ptr()
-
-    def gc_malloc(self, sizedescr):
-        assert isinstance(sizedescr, BaseSizeDescr)
-        return self.funcptr_for_new(sizedescr.size)
-
-    def gc_malloc_array(self, arraydescr, num_elem):
-        assert isinstance(arraydescr, BaseArrayDescr)
-        ofs_length = arraydescr.get_ofs_length(self.translate_support_code)
-        basesize = arraydescr.get_base_size(self.translate_support_code)
-        itemsize = arraydescr.get_item_size(self.translate_support_code)
-        return self.malloc_array(basesize, itemsize, ofs_length, num_elem)
-
-    def gc_malloc_str(self, num_elem):
-        return self.malloc_str(num_elem)
-
-    def gc_malloc_unicode(self, num_elem):
-        return self.malloc_unicode(num_elem)
-
-    def args_for_new(self, sizedescr):
-        assert isinstance(sizedescr, BaseSizeDescr)
-        return [sizedescr.size]
-
-    def args_for_new_array(self, arraydescr):
-        ofs_length = arraydescr.get_ofs_length(self.translate_support_code)
-        basesize = arraydescr.get_base_size(self.translate_support_code)
-        itemsize = arraydescr.get_item_size(self.translate_support_code)
-        return [basesize, itemsize, ofs_length]
-
-    def get_funcptr_for_new(self):
-        return self.funcptr_for_new
-
-    def rewrite_assembler(self, cpu, operations, gcrefs_output_list):
-        # record all GCREFs too, because Boehm cannot see them and keep them
-        # alive if they end up as constants in the assembler
-        for op in operations:
-            self.record_constptrs(op, gcrefs_output_list)
-        return GcLLDescription.rewrite_assembler(self, cpu, operations,
-                                                 gcrefs_output_list)
+    def _bh_malloc_array(self, arraydescr, num_elem):
+        return self.malloc_array(arraydescr.basesize, num_elem,
+                                 arraydescr.itemsize,
+                                 arraydescr.lendescr.offset)
 
 
 # ____________________________________________________________
@@ -554,12 +567,14 @@
 
 class WriteBarrierDescr(AbstractDescr):
     def __init__(self, gc_ll_descr):
-        GCClass = gc_ll_descr.GCClass
         self.llop1 = gc_ll_descr.llop1
         self.WB_FUNCPTR = gc_ll_descr.WB_FUNCPTR
         self.WB_ARRAY_FUNCPTR = gc_ll_descr.WB_ARRAY_FUNCPTR
-        self.fielddescr_tid = get_field_descr(gc_ll_descr, GCClass.HDR, 'tid')
+        self.fielddescr_tid = gc_ll_descr.fielddescr_tid
         #
+        GCClass = gc_ll_descr.GCClass
+        if GCClass is None:     # for tests
+            return
         self.jit_wb_if_flag = GCClass.JIT_WB_IF_FLAG
         self.jit_wb_if_flag_byteofs, self.jit_wb_if_flag_singlebyte = (
             self.extract_flag_byte(self.jit_wb_if_flag))
@@ -596,48 +611,74 @@
         funcaddr = llmemory.cast_ptr_to_adr(funcptr)
         return cpu.cast_adr_to_int(funcaddr)    # this may return 0
 
+    def has_write_barrier_from_array(self, cpu):
+        return self.get_write_barrier_from_array_fn(cpu) != 0
+
 
 class GcLLDescr_framework(GcLLDescription):
     DEBUG = False    # forced to True by x86/test/test_zrpy_gc.py
+    kind = 'framework'
+    round_up = True
 
-    def __init__(self, gcdescr, translator, rtyper, llop1=llop):
-        from pypy.rpython.memory.gctypelayout import check_typeid
-        from pypy.rpython.memory.gcheader import GCHeaderBuilder
-        from pypy.rpython.memory.gctransform import framework
+    def __init__(self, gcdescr, translator, rtyper, llop1=llop,
+                 really_not_translated=False):
         GcLLDescription.__init__(self, gcdescr, translator, rtyper)
-        assert self.translate_support_code, "required with the framework GC"
         self.translator = translator
         self.llop1 = llop1
+        if really_not_translated:
+            assert not self.translate_support_code  # but half does not work
+            self._initialize_for_tests()
+        else:
+            assert self.translate_support_code,"required with the framework GC"
+            self._check_valid_gc()
+            self._make_gcrootmap()
+            self._make_layoutbuilder()
+            self._setup_gcclass()
+            self._setup_tid()
+        self._setup_write_barrier()
+        self._setup_str()
+        self._make_functions(really_not_translated)
 
+    def _initialize_for_tests(self):
+        self.layoutbuilder = None
+        self.fielddescr_tid = AbstractDescr()
+        self.max_size_of_young_obj = 1000
+        self.GCClass = None
+
+    def _check_valid_gc(self):
         # we need the hybrid or minimark GC for rgc._make_sure_does_not_move()
         # to work
-        if gcdescr.config.translation.gc not in ('hybrid', 'minimark'):
+        if self.gcdescr.config.translation.gc not in ('hybrid', 'minimark'):
             raise NotImplementedError("--gc=%s not implemented with the JIT" %
                                       (gcdescr.config.translation.gc,))
 
+    def _make_gcrootmap(self):
         # to find roots in the assembler, make a GcRootMap
-        name = gcdescr.config.translation.gcrootfinder
+        name = self.gcdescr.config.translation.gcrootfinder
         try:
             cls = globals()['GcRootMap_' + name]
         except KeyError:
             raise NotImplementedError("--gcrootfinder=%s not implemented"
                                       " with the JIT" % (name,))
-        gcrootmap = cls(gcdescr)
+        gcrootmap = cls(self.gcdescr)
         self.gcrootmap = gcrootmap
 
+    def _make_layoutbuilder(self):
         # make a TransformerLayoutBuilder and save it on the translator
         # where it can be fished and reused by the FrameworkGCTransformer
+        from pypy.rpython.memory.gctransform import framework
+        translator = self.translator
         self.layoutbuilder = framework.TransformerLayoutBuilder(translator)
         self.layoutbuilder.delay_encoding()
-        self.translator._jit2gc = {'layoutbuilder': self.layoutbuilder}
-        gcrootmap.add_jit2gc_hooks(self.translator._jit2gc)
+        translator._jit2gc = {'layoutbuilder': self.layoutbuilder}
+        self.gcrootmap.add_jit2gc_hooks(translator._jit2gc)
 
+    def _setup_gcclass(self):
+        from pypy.rpython.memory.gcheader import GCHeaderBuilder
         self.GCClass = self.layoutbuilder.GCClass
         self.moving_gc = self.GCClass.moving_gc
         self.HDRPTR = lltype.Ptr(self.GCClass.HDR)
         self.gcheaderbuilder = GCHeaderBuilder(self.HDRPTR.TO)
-        (self.array_basesize, _, self.array_length_ofs) = \
-             symbolic.get_array_token(lltype.GcArray(lltype.Signed), True)
         self.max_size_of_young_obj = self.GCClass.JIT_max_size_of_young_obj()
         self.minimal_size_in_nursery=self.GCClass.JIT_minimal_size_in_nursery()
 
@@ -645,87 +686,124 @@
         assert self.GCClass.inline_simple_malloc
         assert self.GCClass.inline_simple_malloc_varsize
 
-        # make a malloc function, with two arguments
-        def malloc_basic(size, tid):
-            type_id = llop.extract_ushort(llgroup.HALFWORD, tid)
-            check_typeid(type_id)
-            res = llop1.do_malloc_fixedsize_clear(llmemory.GCREF,
-                                                  type_id, size,
-                                                  False, False, False)
-            # In case the operation above failed, we are returning NULL
-            # from this function to assembler.  There is also an RPython
-            # exception set, typically MemoryError; but it's easier and
-            # faster to check for the NULL return value, as done by
-            # translator/exceptiontransform.py.
-            #llop.debug_print(lltype.Void, "\tmalloc_basic", size, type_id,
-            #                 "-->", res)
-            return res
-        self.malloc_basic = malloc_basic
-        self.GC_MALLOC_BASIC = lltype.Ptr(lltype.FuncType(
-            [lltype.Signed, lltype.Signed], llmemory.GCREF))
+    def _setup_tid(self):
+        self.fielddescr_tid = get_field_descr(self, self.GCClass.HDR, 'tid')
+
+    def _setup_write_barrier(self):
         self.WB_FUNCPTR = lltype.Ptr(lltype.FuncType(
             [llmemory.Address, llmemory.Address], lltype.Void))
         self.WB_ARRAY_FUNCPTR = lltype.Ptr(lltype.FuncType(
             [llmemory.Address, lltype.Signed, llmemory.Address], lltype.Void))
         self.write_barrier_descr = WriteBarrierDescr(self)
-        #
+
+    def _make_functions(self, really_not_translated):
+        from pypy.rpython.memory.gctypelayout import check_typeid
+        llop1 = self.llop1
+        (self.standard_array_basesize, _, self.standard_array_length_ofs) = \
+             symbolic.get_array_token(lltype.GcArray(lltype.Signed),
+                                      not really_not_translated)
+
+        def malloc_nursery_slowpath(size):
+            """Allocate 'size' null bytes out of the nursery.
+            Note that the fast path is typically inlined by the backend."""
+            if self.DEBUG:
+                self._random_usage_of_xmm_registers()
+            type_id = rffi.cast(llgroup.HALFWORD, 0)    # missing here
+            return llop1.do_malloc_fixedsize_clear(llmemory.GCREF,
+                                                   type_id, size,
+                                                   False, False, False)
+        self.generate_function('malloc_nursery', malloc_nursery_slowpath,
+                               [lltype.Signed])
+
         def malloc_array(itemsize, tid, num_elem):
+            """Allocate an array with a variable-size num_elem.
+            Only works for standard arrays."""
             type_id = llop.extract_ushort(llgroup.HALFWORD, tid)
             check_typeid(type_id)
             return llop1.do_malloc_varsize_clear(
                 llmemory.GCREF,
-                type_id, num_elem, self.array_basesize, itemsize,
-                self.array_length_ofs)
-        self.malloc_array = malloc_array
-        self.GC_MALLOC_ARRAY = lltype.Ptr(lltype.FuncType(
-            [lltype.Signed] * 3, llmemory.GCREF))
-        #
-        (str_basesize, str_itemsize, str_ofs_length
-         ) = symbolic.get_array_token(rstr.STR, True)
-        (unicode_basesize, unicode_itemsize, unicode_ofs_length
-         ) = symbolic.get_array_token(rstr.UNICODE, True)
-        str_type_id = self.layoutbuilder.get_type_id(rstr.STR)
-        unicode_type_id = self.layoutbuilder.get_type_id(rstr.UNICODE)
-        #
+                type_id, num_elem, self.standard_array_basesize, itemsize,
+                self.standard_array_length_ofs)
+        self.generate_function('malloc_array', malloc_array,
+                               [lltype.Signed] * 3)
+
+        def malloc_array_nonstandard(basesize, itemsize, lengthofs, tid,
+                                     num_elem):
+            """For the rare case of non-standard arrays, i.e. arrays where
+            self.standard_array_{basesize,length_ofs} is wrong.  It can
+            occur e.g. with arrays of floats on Win32."""
+            type_id = llop.extract_ushort(llgroup.HALFWORD, tid)
+            check_typeid(type_id)
+            return llop1.do_malloc_varsize_clear(
+                llmemory.GCREF,
+                type_id, num_elem, basesize, itemsize, lengthofs)
+        self.generate_function('malloc_array_nonstandard',
+                               malloc_array_nonstandard,
+                               [lltype.Signed] * 5)
+
+        str_type_id    = self.str_descr.tid
+        str_basesize   = self.str_descr.basesize
+        str_itemsize   = self.str_descr.itemsize
+        str_ofs_length = self.str_descr.lendescr.offset
+        unicode_type_id    = self.unicode_descr.tid
+        unicode_basesize   = self.unicode_descr.basesize
+        unicode_itemsize   = self.unicode_descr.itemsize
+        unicode_ofs_length = self.unicode_descr.lendescr.offset
+
         def malloc_str(length):
             return llop1.do_malloc_varsize_clear(
                 llmemory.GCREF,
                 str_type_id, length, str_basesize, str_itemsize,
                 str_ofs_length)
+        self.generate_function('malloc_str', malloc_str,
+                               [lltype.Signed])
+
         def malloc_unicode(length):
             return llop1.do_malloc_varsize_clear(
                 llmemory.GCREF,
-                unicode_type_id, length, unicode_basesize,unicode_itemsize,
+                unicode_type_id, length, unicode_basesize, unicode_itemsize,
                 unicode_ofs_length)
-        self.malloc_str = malloc_str
-        self.malloc_unicode = malloc_unicode
-        self.GC_MALLOC_STR_UNICODE = lltype.Ptr(lltype.FuncType(
-            [lltype.Signed], llmemory.GCREF))
-        #
-        class ForTestOnly:
-            pass
-        for_test_only = ForTestOnly()
-        for_test_only.x = 1.23
-        def random_usage_of_xmm_registers():
-            x0 = for_test_only.x
-            x1 = x0 * 0.1
-            x2 = x0 * 0.2
-            x3 = x0 * 0.3
-            for_test_only.x = x0 + x1 + x2 + x3
-        #
-        def malloc_slowpath(size):
-            if self.DEBUG:
-                random_usage_of_xmm_registers()
-            assert size >= self.minimal_size_in_nursery
-            # NB. although we call do_malloc_fixedsize_clear() here,
-            # it's a bit of a hack because we set tid to 0 and may
-            # also use it to allocate varsized objects.  The tid
-            # and possibly the length are both set afterward.
-            gcref = llop1.do_malloc_fixedsize_clear(llmemory.GCREF,
-                                        0, size, False, False, False)
-            return rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, gcref)
-        self.malloc_slowpath = malloc_slowpath
-        self.MALLOC_SLOWPATH = lltype.FuncType([lltype.Signed], lltype.Signed)
+        self.generate_function('malloc_unicode', malloc_unicode,
+                               [lltype.Signed])
+
+        # Rarely called: allocate a fixed-size amount of bytes, but
+        # not in the nursery, because it is too big.  Implemented like
+        # malloc_nursery_slowpath() above.
+        self.generate_function('malloc_fixedsize', malloc_nursery_slowpath,
+                               [lltype.Signed])
+
+    def _bh_malloc(self, sizedescr):
+        from pypy.rpython.memory.gctypelayout import check_typeid
+        llop1 = self.llop1
+        type_id = llop.extract_ushort(llgroup.HALFWORD, sizedescr.tid)
+        check_typeid(type_id)
+        return llop1.do_malloc_fixedsize_clear(llmemory.GCREF,
+                                               type_id, sizedescr.size,
+                                               False, False, False)
+
+    def _bh_malloc_array(self, arraydescr, num_elem):
+        from pypy.rpython.memory.gctypelayout import check_typeid
+        llop1 = self.llop1
+        type_id = llop.extract_ushort(llgroup.HALFWORD, arraydescr.tid)
+        check_typeid(type_id)
+        return llop1.do_malloc_varsize_clear(llmemory.GCREF,
+                                             type_id, num_elem,
+                                             arraydescr.basesize,
+                                             arraydescr.itemsize,
+                                             arraydescr.lendescr.offset)
+
+
+    class ForTestOnly:
+        pass
+    for_test_only = ForTestOnly()
+    for_test_only.x = 1.23
+
+    def _random_usage_of_xmm_registers(self):
+        x0 = self.for_test_only.x
+        x1 = x0 * 0.1
+        x2 = x0 * 0.2
+        x3 = x0 * 0.3
+        self.for_test_only.x = x0 + x1 + x2 + x3
 
     def get_nursery_free_addr(self):
         nurs_addr = llop.gc_adr_of_nursery_free(llmemory.Address)
@@ -735,49 +813,26 @@
         nurs_top_addr = llop.gc_adr_of_nursery_top(llmemory.Address)
         return rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, nurs_top_addr)
 
-    def get_malloc_slowpath_addr(self):
-        fptr = llhelper(lltype.Ptr(self.MALLOC_SLOWPATH), self.malloc_slowpath)
-        return rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, fptr)
-
     def initialize(self):
         self.gcrootmap.initialize()
 
     def init_size_descr(self, S, descr):
-        type_id = self.layoutbuilder.get_type_id(S)
-        assert not self.layoutbuilder.is_weakref_type(S)
-        assert not self.layoutbuilder.has_finalizer(S)
-        descr.tid = llop.combine_ushort(lltype.Signed, type_id, 0)
+        if self.layoutbuilder is not None:
+            type_id = self.layoutbuilder.get_type_id(S)
+            assert not self.layoutbuilder.is_weakref_type(S)
+            assert not self.layoutbuilder.has_finalizer(S)
+            descr.tid = llop.combine_ushort(lltype.Signed, type_id, 0)
 
     def init_array_descr(self, A, descr):
-        type_id = self.layoutbuilder.get_type_id(A)
-        descr.tid = llop.combine_ushort(lltype.Signed, type_id, 0)
+        if self.layoutbuilder is not None:
+            type_id = self.layoutbuilder.get_type_id(A)
+            descr.tid = llop.combine_ushort(lltype.Signed, type_id, 0)
 
-    def gc_malloc(self, sizedescr):
-        assert isinstance(sizedescr, BaseSizeDescr)
-        return self.malloc_basic(sizedescr.size, sizedescr.tid)
-
-    def gc_malloc_array(self, arraydescr, num_elem):
-        assert isinstance(arraydescr, BaseArrayDescr)
-        itemsize = arraydescr.get_item_size(self.translate_support_code)
-        return self.malloc_array(itemsize, arraydescr.tid, num_elem)
-
-    def gc_malloc_str(self, num_elem):
-        return self.malloc_str(num_elem)
-
-    def gc_malloc_unicode(self, num_elem):
-        return self.malloc_unicode(num_elem)
-
-    def args_for_new(self, sizedescr):
-        assert isinstance(sizedescr, BaseSizeDescr)
-        return [sizedescr.size, sizedescr.tid]
-
-    def args_for_new_array(self, arraydescr):
-        assert isinstance(arraydescr, BaseArrayDescr)
-        itemsize = arraydescr.get_item_size(self.translate_support_code)
-        return [itemsize, arraydescr.tid]
-
-    def get_funcptr_for_new(self):
-        return llhelper(self.GC_MALLOC_BASIC, self.malloc_basic)
+    def _set_tid(self, gcptr, tid):
+        hdr_addr = llmemory.cast_ptr_to_adr(gcptr)
+        hdr_addr -= self.gcheaderbuilder.size_gc_header
+        hdr = llmemory.cast_adr_to_ptr(hdr_addr, self.HDRPTR)
+        hdr.tid = tid
 
     def do_write_barrier(self, gcref_struct, gcref_newptr):
         hdr_addr = llmemory.cast_ptr_to_adr(gcref_struct)
@@ -791,108 +846,8 @@
             funcptr(llmemory.cast_ptr_to_adr(gcref_struct),
                     llmemory.cast_ptr_to_adr(gcref_newptr))
 
-    def rewrite_assembler(self, cpu, operations, gcrefs_output_list):
-        # Perform two kinds of rewrites in parallel:
-        #
-        # - Add COND_CALLs to the write barrier before SETFIELD_GC and
-        #   SETARRAYITEM_GC operations.
-        #
-        # - Record the ConstPtrs from the assembler.
-        #
-        newops = []
-        known_lengths = {}
-        # we can only remember one malloc since the next malloc can possibly
-        # collect
-        last_malloc = None
-        for op in operations:
-            if op.getopnum() == rop.DEBUG_MERGE_POINT:
-                continue
-            # ---------- record the ConstPtrs ----------
-            self.record_constptrs(op, gcrefs_output_list)
-            if op.is_malloc():
-                last_malloc = op.result
-            elif op.can_malloc():
-                last_malloc = None
-            # ---------- write barrier for SETFIELD_GC ----------
-            if op.getopnum() == rop.SETFIELD_GC:
-                val = op.getarg(0)
-                # no need for a write barrier in the case of previous malloc
-                if val is not last_malloc:
-                    v = op.getarg(1)
-                    if isinstance(v, BoxPtr) or (isinstance(v, ConstPtr) and
-                                            bool(v.value)): # store a non-NULL
-                        self._gen_write_barrier(newops, op.getarg(0), v)
-                        op = op.copy_and_change(rop.SETFIELD_RAW)
-            # ---------- write barrier for SETINTERIORFIELD_GC ------
-            if op.getopnum() == rop.SETINTERIORFIELD_GC:
-                val = op.getarg(0)
-                if val is not last_malloc:
-                    v = op.getarg(2)
-                    if isinstance(v, BoxPtr) or (isinstance(v, ConstPtr) and
-                                            bool(v.value)): # store a non-NULL
-                        self._gen_write_barrier(newops, op.getarg(0), v)
-                        op = op.copy_and_change(rop.SETINTERIORFIELD_RAW)
-            # ---------- write barrier for SETARRAYITEM_GC ----------
-            if op.getopnum() == rop.SETARRAYITEM_GC:
-                val = op.getarg(0)
-                # no need for a write barrier in the case of previous malloc
-                if val is not last_malloc:
-                    v = op.getarg(2)
-                    if isinstance(v, BoxPtr) or (isinstance(v, ConstPtr) and
-                                            bool(v.value)): # store a non-NULL
-                        self._gen_write_barrier_array(newops, op.getarg(0),
-                                                      op.getarg(1), v,
-                                                      cpu, known_lengths)
-                        op = op.copy_and_change(rop.SETARRAYITEM_RAW)
-            elif op.getopnum() == rop.NEW_ARRAY:
-                v_length = op.getarg(0)
-                if isinstance(v_length, ConstInt):
-                    known_lengths[op.result] = v_length.getint()
-            # ----------
-            newops.append(op)
-        return newops
-
-    def _gen_write_barrier(self, newops, v_base, v_value):
-        args = [v_base, v_value]
-        newops.append(ResOperation(rop.COND_CALL_GC_WB, args, None,
-                                   descr=self.write_barrier_descr))
-
-    def _gen_write_barrier_array(self, newops, v_base, v_index, v_value,
-                                 cpu, known_lengths):
-        if self.write_barrier_descr.get_write_barrier_from_array_fn(cpu) != 0:
-            # If we know statically the length of 'v', and it is not too
-            # big, then produce a regular write_barrier.  If it's unknown or
-            # too big, produce instead a write_barrier_from_array.
-            LARGE = 130
-            length = known_lengths.get(v_base, LARGE)
-            if length >= LARGE:
-                # unknown or too big: produce a write_barrier_from_array
-                args = [v_base, v_index, v_value]
-                newops.append(ResOperation(rop.COND_CALL_GC_WB_ARRAY, args,
-                                           None,
-                                           descr=self.write_barrier_descr))
-                return
-        # fall-back case: produce a write_barrier
-        self._gen_write_barrier(newops, v_base, v_value)
-
-    def can_inline_malloc(self, descr):
-        assert isinstance(descr, BaseSizeDescr)
-        if descr.size < self.max_size_of_young_obj:
-            has_finalizer = bool(descr.tid & (1<<llgroup.HALFSHIFT))
-            if has_finalizer:
-                return False
-            return True
-        return False
-
-    def can_inline_malloc_varsize(self, arraydescr, num_elem):
-        assert isinstance(arraydescr, BaseArrayDescr)
-        basesize = arraydescr.get_base_size(self.translate_support_code)
-        itemsize = arraydescr.get_item_size(self.translate_support_code)
-        try:
-            size = ovfcheck(basesize + ovfcheck(itemsize * num_elem))
-            return size < self.max_size_of_young_obj
-        except OverflowError:
-            return False
+    def can_use_nursery_malloc(self, size):
+        return size < self.max_size_of_young_obj
 
     def has_write_barrier_class(self):
         return WriteBarrierDescr
@@ -900,6 +855,9 @@
     def freeing_block(self, start, stop):
         self.gcrootmap.freeing_block(start, stop)
 
+    def get_malloc_slowpath_addr(self):
+        return self.get_malloc_fn_addr('malloc_nursery')
+
 # ____________________________________________________________
 
 def get_ll_description(gcdescr, translator=None, rtyper=None):
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/llmodel.py b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/llmodel.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/llmodel.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/llmodel.py
@@ -8,11 +8,10 @@
 from pypy.jit.backend.model import AbstractCPU
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport import symbolic
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.symbolic import WORD, unroll_basic_sizes
-from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import (get_size_descr,
-     get_field_descr, BaseFieldDescr, DynamicFieldDescr, get_array_descr,
-     BaseArrayDescr, DynamicArrayNoLengthDescr, get_call_descr,
-     BaseIntCallDescr, GcPtrCallDescr, FloatCallDescr, VoidCallDescr,
-     InteriorFieldDescr, get_interiorfield_descr)
+from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import (
+    get_size_descr, get_field_descr, get_array_descr,
+    get_call_descr, get_interiorfield_descr, get_dynamic_interiorfield_descr,
+    FieldDescr, ArrayDescr, CallDescr, InteriorFieldDescr)
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.asmmemmgr import AsmMemoryManager
 
 
@@ -107,9 +106,15 @@
             _exception_emulator[1] = 0
             self.saved_exc_value = rffi.cast(llmemory.GCREF, v_i)
 
+        def save_exception_memoryerr():
+            save_exception()
+            if not self.saved_exc_value:
+                self.saved_exc_value = "memoryerror!"    # for tests
+
         self.pos_exception = pos_exception
         self.pos_exc_value = pos_exc_value
         self.save_exception = save_exception
+        self.save_exception_memoryerr = save_exception_memoryerr
         self.insert_stack_check = lambda: (0, 0, 0)
 
 
@@ -134,6 +139,15 @@
             # in the assignment to self.saved_exc_value, as needed.
             self.saved_exc_value = exc_value
 
+        def save_exception_memoryerr():
+            from pypy.rpython.annlowlevel import cast_instance_to_base_ptr
+            save_exception()
+            if not self.saved_exc_value:
+                exc = MemoryError()
+                exc = cast_instance_to_base_ptr(exc)
+                exc = lltype.cast_opaque_ptr(llmemory.GCREF, exc)
+                self.saved_exc_value = exc
+
         from pypy.rlib import rstack
         STACK_CHECK_SLOWPATH = lltype.Ptr(lltype.FuncType([lltype.Signed],
                                                           lltype.Void))
@@ -147,16 +161,19 @@
         self.pos_exception = pos_exception
         self.pos_exc_value = pos_exc_value
         self.save_exception = save_exception
+        self.save_exception_memoryerr = save_exception_memoryerr
         self.insert_stack_check = insert_stack_check
 
     def _setup_on_leave_jitted_untranslated(self):
         # assume we don't need a backend leave in this case
         self.on_leave_jitted_save_exc = self.save_exception
+        self.on_leave_jitted_memoryerr = self.save_exception_memoryerr
         self.on_leave_jitted_noexc = lambda : None
 
     def _setup_on_leave_jitted_translated(self):
         on_leave_jitted_hook = self.get_on_leave_jitted_hook()
         save_exception = self.save_exception
+        save_exception_memoryerr = self.save_exception_memoryerr
 
         def on_leave_jitted_noexc():
             on_leave_jitted_hook()
@@ -165,16 +182,24 @@
             save_exception()
             on_leave_jitted_hook()
 
+        def on_leave_jitted_memoryerr():
+            save_exception_memoryerr()
+            on_leave_jitted_hook()
+
         self.on_leave_jitted_noexc = on_leave_jitted_noexc
         self.on_leave_jitted_save_exc = on_leave_jitted_save_exc
+        self.on_leave_jitted_memoryerr = on_leave_jitted_memoryerr
 
     def get_on_leave_jitted_hook(self):
         return lambda : None
 
     _ON_JIT_LEAVE_FUNC = lltype.Ptr(lltype.FuncType([], lltype.Void))
 
-    def get_on_leave_jitted_int(self, save_exception):
-        if save_exception:
+    def get_on_leave_jitted_int(self, save_exception,
+                                default_to_memoryerror=False):
+        if default_to_memoryerror:
+            f = llhelper(self._ON_JIT_LEAVE_FUNC, self.on_leave_jitted_memoryerr)
+        elif save_exception:
             f = llhelper(self._ON_JIT_LEAVE_FUNC, self.on_leave_jitted_save_exc)
         else:
             f = llhelper(self._ON_JIT_LEAVE_FUNC, self.on_leave_jitted_noexc)
@@ -221,14 +246,14 @@
         return get_field_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, STRUCT, fieldname)
 
     def unpack_fielddescr(self, fielddescr):
-        assert isinstance(fielddescr, BaseFieldDescr)
+        assert isinstance(fielddescr, FieldDescr)
         return fielddescr.offset
     unpack_fielddescr._always_inline_ = True
 
     def unpack_fielddescr_size(self, fielddescr):
-        assert isinstance(fielddescr, BaseFieldDescr)
+        assert isinstance(fielddescr, FieldDescr)
         ofs = fielddescr.offset
-        size = fielddescr.get_field_size(self.translate_support_code)
+        size = fielddescr.field_size
         sign = fielddescr.is_field_signed()
         return ofs, size, sign
     unpack_fielddescr_size._always_inline_ = True
@@ -237,23 +262,23 @@
         return get_array_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, A)
 
     def interiorfielddescrof(self, A, fieldname):
-        return get_interiorfield_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, A, A.OF, fieldname)
+        return get_interiorfield_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, A, fieldname)
 
     def interiorfielddescrof_dynamic(self, offset, width, fieldsize,
-        is_pointer, is_float, is_signed):
-        arraydescr = DynamicArrayNoLengthDescr(width)
-        fielddescr = DynamicFieldDescr(offset, fieldsize, is_pointer, is_float, is_signed)
-        return InteriorFieldDescr(arraydescr, fielddescr)
+                                     is_pointer, is_float, is_signed):
+        return get_dynamic_interiorfield_descr(self.gc_ll_descr,
+                                               offset, width, fieldsize,
+                                               is_pointer, is_float, is_signed)
 
     def unpack_arraydescr(self, arraydescr):
-        assert isinstance(arraydescr, BaseArrayDescr)
-        return arraydescr.get_base_size(self.translate_support_code)
+        assert isinstance(arraydescr, ArrayDescr)
+        return arraydescr.basesize
     unpack_arraydescr._always_inline_ = True
 
     def unpack_arraydescr_size(self, arraydescr):
-        assert isinstance(arraydescr, BaseArrayDescr)
-        ofs = arraydescr.get_base_size(self.translate_support_code)
-        size = arraydescr.get_item_size(self.translate_support_code)
+        assert isinstance(arraydescr, ArrayDescr)
+        ofs = arraydescr.basesize
+        size = arraydescr.itemsize
         sign = arraydescr.is_item_signed()
         return ofs, size, sign
     unpack_arraydescr_size._always_inline_ = True
@@ -281,8 +306,8 @@
     # ____________________________________________________________
 
     def bh_arraylen_gc(self, arraydescr, array):
-        assert isinstance(arraydescr, BaseArrayDescr)
-        ofs = arraydescr.get_ofs_length(self.translate_support_code)
+        assert isinstance(arraydescr, ArrayDescr)
+        ofs = arraydescr.lendescr.offset
         return rffi.cast(rffi.CArrayPtr(lltype.Signed), array)[ofs/WORD]
 
     @specialize.argtype(2)
@@ -367,7 +392,7 @@
         arraydescr = descr.arraydescr
         ofs, size, _ = self.unpack_arraydescr_size(arraydescr)
         ofs += descr.fielddescr.offset
-        fieldsize = descr.fielddescr.get_field_size(self.translate_support_code)
+        fieldsize = descr.fielddescr.field_size
         sign = descr.fielddescr.is_field_signed()
         fullofs = itemindex * size + ofs
         # --- start of GC unsafe code (no GC operation!) ---
@@ -418,7 +443,7 @@
         arraydescr = descr.arraydescr
         ofs, size, _ = self.unpack_arraydescr_size(arraydescr)
         ofs += descr.fielddescr.offset
-        fieldsize = descr.fielddescr.get_field_size(self.translate_support_code)
+        fieldsize = descr.fielddescr.field_size
         ofs = itemindex * size + ofs
         # --- start of GC unsafe code (no GC operation!) ---
         items = rffi.ptradd(rffi.cast(rffi.CCHARP, gcref), ofs)
@@ -604,25 +629,26 @@
         rstr.copy_unicode_contents(src, dst, srcstart, dststart, length)
 
     def bh_call_i(self, func, calldescr, args_i, args_r, args_f):
-        assert isinstance(calldescr, BaseIntCallDescr)
+        assert isinstance(calldescr, CallDescr)
         if not we_are_translated():
             calldescr.verify_types(args_i, args_r, args_f, history.INT + 'S')
-        return calldescr.call_stub(func, args_i, args_r, args_f)
+        return calldescr.call_stub_i(func, args_i, args_r, args_f)
 
     def bh_call_r(self, func, calldescr, args_i, args_r, args_f):
-        assert isinstance(calldescr, GcPtrCallDescr)
+        assert isinstance(calldescr, CallDescr)
         if not we_are_translated():
             calldescr.verify_types(args_i, args_r, args_f, history.REF)
-        return calldescr.call_stub(func, args_i, args_r, args_f)
+        return calldescr.call_stub_r(func, args_i, args_r, args_f)
 
     def bh_call_f(self, func, calldescr, args_i, args_r, args_f):
-        assert isinstance(calldescr, FloatCallDescr)  # or LongLongCallDescr
+        assert isinstance(calldescr, CallDescr)
         if not we_are_translated():
             calldescr.verify_types(args_i, args_r, args_f, history.FLOAT + 'L')
-        return calldescr.call_stub(func, args_i, args_r, args_f)
+        return calldescr.call_stub_f(func, args_i, args_r, args_f)
 
     def bh_call_v(self, func, calldescr, args_i, args_r, args_f):
-        assert isinstance(calldescr, VoidCallDescr)
+        assert isinstance(calldescr, CallDescr)
         if not we_are_translated():
             calldescr.verify_types(args_i, args_r, args_f, history.VOID)
-        return calldescr.call_stub(func, args_i, args_r, args_f)
+        # the 'i' return value is ignored (and nonsense anyway)
+        calldescr.call_stub_i(func, args_i, args_r, args_f)
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/rewrite.py b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/rewrite.py
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/rewrite.py
@@ -0,0 +1,328 @@
+import sys
+from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import ovfcheck
+from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import ConstInt, BoxPtr, ConstPtr
+from pypy.jit.metainterp.resoperation import ResOperation, rop
+from pypy.jit.codewriter import heaptracker
+from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.symbolic import WORD
+from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import SizeDescr, ArrayDescr
+
+
+class GcRewriterAssembler(object):
+    # This class performs the following rewrites on the list of operations:
+    #
+    # - Remove the DEBUG_MERGE_POINTs.
+    #
+    # - Turn all NEW_xxx to either a CALL_MALLOC_GC, or a CALL_MALLOC_NURSERY
+    #   followed by SETFIELDs in order to initialize their GC fields.  The
+    #   two advantages of CALL_MALLOC_NURSERY is that it inlines the common
+    #   path, and we need only one such operation to allocate several blocks
+    #   of memory at once.
+    #
+    # - Add COND_CALLs to the write barrier before SETFIELD_GC and
+    #   SETARRAYITEM_GC operations.
+
+    _previous_size = -1
+    _op_malloc_nursery = None
+    _v_last_malloced_nursery = None
+    c_zero = ConstInt(0)
+
+    def __init__(self, gc_ll_descr, cpu):
+        self.gc_ll_descr = gc_ll_descr
+        self.cpu = cpu
+        self.newops = []
+        self.known_lengths = {}
+        self.recent_mallocs = {}     # set of variables
+
+    def rewrite(self, operations):
+        # we can only remember one malloc since the next malloc can possibly
+        # collect; but we can try to collapse several known-size mallocs into
+        # one, both for performance and to reduce the number of write
+        # barriers.  We do this on each "basic block" of operations, which in
+        # this case means between CALLs or unknown-size mallocs.
+        #
+        for op in operations:
+            if op.getopnum() == rop.DEBUG_MERGE_POINT:
+                continue
+            # ---------- turn NEWxxx into CALL_MALLOC_xxx ----------
+            if op.is_malloc():
+                self.handle_malloc_operation(op)
+                continue
+            elif op.can_malloc():
+                self.emitting_an_operation_that_can_collect()
+            elif op.getopnum() == rop.LABEL:
+                self.emitting_an_operation_that_can_collect()
+                self.known_lengths.clear()
+            # ---------- write barriers ----------
+            if self.gc_ll_descr.write_barrier_descr is not None:
+                if op.getopnum() == rop.SETFIELD_GC:
+                    self.handle_write_barrier_setfield(op)
+                    continue
+                if op.getopnum() == rop.SETINTERIORFIELD_GC:
+                    self.handle_write_barrier_setinteriorfield(op)
+                    continue
+                if op.getopnum() == rop.SETARRAYITEM_GC:
+                    self.handle_write_barrier_setarrayitem(op)
+                    continue
+            # ----------
+            self.newops.append(op)
+        return self.newops
+
+    # ----------
+
+    def handle_malloc_operation(self, op):
+        opnum = op.getopnum()
+        if opnum == rop.NEW:
+            self.handle_new_fixedsize(op.getdescr(), op)
+        elif opnum == rop.NEW_WITH_VTABLE:
+            classint = op.getarg(0).getint()
+            descr = heaptracker.vtable2descr(self.cpu, classint)
+            self.handle_new_fixedsize(descr, op)
+            if self.gc_ll_descr.fielddescr_vtable is not None:
+                op = ResOperation(rop.SETFIELD_GC,
+                                  [op.result, ConstInt(classint)], None,
+                                  descr=self.gc_ll_descr.fielddescr_vtable)
+                self.newops.append(op)
+        elif opnum == rop.NEW_ARRAY:
+            descr = op.getdescr()
+            assert isinstance(descr, ArrayDescr)
+            self.handle_new_array(descr, op)
+        elif opnum == rop.NEWSTR:
+            self.handle_new_array(self.gc_ll_descr.str_descr, op)
+        elif opnum == rop.NEWUNICODE:
+            self.handle_new_array(self.gc_ll_descr.unicode_descr, op)
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError(op.getopname())
+
+    def handle_new_fixedsize(self, descr, op):
+        assert isinstance(descr, SizeDescr)
+        size = descr.size
+        self.gen_malloc_nursery(size, op.result)
+        self.gen_initialize_tid(op.result, descr.tid)
+
+    def handle_new_array(self, arraydescr, op):
+        v_length = op.getarg(0)
+        total_size = -1
+        if isinstance(v_length, ConstInt):
+            num_elem = v_length.getint()
+            self.known_lengths[op.result] = num_elem
+            try:
+                var_size = ovfcheck(arraydescr.itemsize * num_elem)
+                total_size = ovfcheck(arraydescr.basesize + var_size)
+            except OverflowError:
+                pass    # total_size is still -1
+        elif arraydescr.itemsize == 0:
+            total_size = arraydescr.basesize
+        if 0 <= total_size <= 0xffffff:     # up to 16MB, arbitrarily
+            self.gen_malloc_nursery(total_size, op.result)
+            self.gen_initialize_tid(op.result, arraydescr.tid)
+            self.gen_initialize_len(op.result, v_length, arraydescr.lendescr)
+        elif self.gc_ll_descr.kind == 'boehm':
+            self.gen_boehm_malloc_array(arraydescr, v_length, op.result)
+        else:
+            opnum = op.getopnum()
+            if opnum == rop.NEW_ARRAY:
+                self.gen_malloc_array(arraydescr, v_length, op.result)
+            elif opnum == rop.NEWSTR:
+                self.gen_malloc_str(v_length, op.result)
+            elif opnum == rop.NEWUNICODE:
+                self.gen_malloc_unicode(v_length, op.result)
+            else:
+                raise NotImplementedError(op.getopname())
+
+    # ----------
+
+    def emitting_an_operation_that_can_collect(self):
+        # must be called whenever we emit an operation that can collect:
+        # forgets the previous MALLOC_NURSERY, if any; and empty the
+        # set 'recent_mallocs', so that future SETFIELDs will generate
+        # a write barrier as usual.
+        self._op_malloc_nursery = None
+        self.recent_mallocs.clear()
+
+    def _gen_call_malloc_gc(self, args, v_result, descr):
+        """Generate a CALL_MALLOC_GC with the given args."""
+        self.emitting_an_operation_that_can_collect()
+        op = ResOperation(rop.CALL_MALLOC_GC, args, v_result, descr)
+        self.newops.append(op)
+        # mark 'v_result' as freshly malloced
+        self.recent_mallocs[v_result] = None
+
+    def gen_malloc_fixedsize(self, size, v_result):
+        """Generate a CALL_MALLOC_GC(malloc_fixedsize_fn, Const(size)).
+        Note that with the framework GC, this should be called very rarely.
+        """
+        addr = self.gc_ll_descr.get_malloc_fn_addr('malloc_fixedsize')
+        self._gen_call_malloc_gc([ConstInt(addr), ConstInt(size)], v_result,
+                                 self.gc_ll_descr.malloc_fixedsize_descr)
+
+    def gen_boehm_malloc_array(self, arraydescr, v_num_elem, v_result):
+        """Generate a CALL_MALLOC_GC(malloc_array_fn, ...) for Boehm."""
+        addr = self.gc_ll_descr.get_malloc_fn_addr('malloc_array')
+        self._gen_call_malloc_gc([ConstInt(addr),
+                                  ConstInt(arraydescr.basesize),
+                                  v_num_elem,
+                                  ConstInt(arraydescr.itemsize),
+                                  ConstInt(arraydescr.lendescr.offset)],
+                                 v_result,
+                                 self.gc_ll_descr.malloc_array_descr)
+
+    def gen_malloc_array(self, arraydescr, v_num_elem, v_result):
+        """Generate a CALL_MALLOC_GC(malloc_array_fn, ...) going either
+        to the standard or the nonstandard version of the function."""
+        #
+        if (arraydescr.basesize == self.gc_ll_descr.standard_array_basesize
+            and arraydescr.lendescr.offset ==
+                self.gc_ll_descr.standard_array_length_ofs):
+            # this is a standard-looking array, common case
+            addr = self.gc_ll_descr.get_malloc_fn_addr('malloc_array')
+            args = [ConstInt(addr),
+                    ConstInt(arraydescr.itemsize),
+                    ConstInt(arraydescr.tid),
+                    v_num_elem]
+            calldescr = self.gc_ll_descr.malloc_array_descr
+        else:
+            # rare case, so don't care too much about the number of arguments
+            addr = self.gc_ll_descr.get_malloc_fn_addr(
+                                              'malloc_array_nonstandard')
+            args = [ConstInt(addr),
+                    ConstInt(arraydescr.basesize),
+                    ConstInt(arraydescr.itemsize),
+                    ConstInt(arraydescr.lendescr.offset),
+                    ConstInt(arraydescr.tid),
+                    v_num_elem]
+            calldescr = self.gc_ll_descr.malloc_array_nonstandard_descr
+        self._gen_call_malloc_gc(args, v_result, calldescr)
+
+    def gen_malloc_str(self, v_num_elem, v_result):
+        """Generate a CALL_MALLOC_GC(malloc_str_fn, ...)."""
+        addr = self.gc_ll_descr.get_malloc_fn_addr('malloc_str')
+        self._gen_call_malloc_gc([ConstInt(addr), v_num_elem], v_result,
+                                 self.gc_ll_descr.malloc_str_descr)
+
+    def gen_malloc_unicode(self, v_num_elem, v_result):
+        """Generate a CALL_MALLOC_GC(malloc_unicode_fn, ...)."""
+        addr = self.gc_ll_descr.get_malloc_fn_addr('malloc_unicode')
+        self._gen_call_malloc_gc([ConstInt(addr), v_num_elem], v_result,
+                                 self.gc_ll_descr.malloc_unicode_descr)
+
+    def gen_malloc_nursery(self, size, v_result):
+        """Try to generate or update a CALL_MALLOC_NURSERY.
+        If that fails, generate a plain CALL_MALLOC_GC instead.
+        """
+        size = self.round_up_for_allocation(size)
+        if not self.gc_ll_descr.can_use_nursery_malloc(size):
+            self.gen_malloc_fixedsize(size, v_result)
+            return
+        #
+        op = None
+        if self._op_malloc_nursery is not None:
+            # already a MALLOC_NURSERY: increment its total size
+            total_size = self._op_malloc_nursery.getarg(0).getint()
+            total_size += size
+            if self.gc_ll_descr.can_use_nursery_malloc(total_size):
+                # if the total size is still reasonable, merge it
+                self._op_malloc_nursery.setarg(0, ConstInt(total_size))
+                op = ResOperation(rop.INT_ADD,
+                                  [self._v_last_malloced_nursery,
+                                   ConstInt(self._previous_size)],
+                                  v_result)
+        if op is None:
+            # if we failed to merge with a previous MALLOC_NURSERY, emit one
+            self.emitting_an_operation_that_can_collect()
+            op = ResOperation(rop.CALL_MALLOC_NURSERY,
+                              [ConstInt(size)],
+                              v_result)
+            self._op_malloc_nursery = op
+        #
+        self.newops.append(op)
+        self._previous_size = size
+        self._v_last_malloced_nursery = v_result
+        self.recent_mallocs[v_result] = None
+
+    def gen_initialize_tid(self, v_newgcobj, tid):
+        if self.gc_ll_descr.fielddescr_tid is not None:
+            # produce a SETFIELD to initialize the GC header
+            op = ResOperation(rop.SETFIELD_GC,
+                              [v_newgcobj, ConstInt(tid)], None,
+                              descr=self.gc_ll_descr.fielddescr_tid)
+            self.newops.append(op)
+
+    def gen_initialize_len(self, v_newgcobj, v_length, arraylen_descr):
+        # produce a SETFIELD to initialize the array length
+        op = ResOperation(rop.SETFIELD_GC,
+                          [v_newgcobj, v_length], None,
+                          descr=arraylen_descr)
+        self.newops.append(op)
+
+    # ----------
+
+    def handle_write_barrier_setfield(self, op):
+        val = op.getarg(0)
+        # no need for a write barrier in the case of previous malloc
+        if val not in self.recent_mallocs:
+            v = op.getarg(1)
+            if isinstance(v, BoxPtr) or (isinstance(v, ConstPtr) and
+                                         bool(v.value)): # store a non-NULL
+                self.gen_write_barrier(op.getarg(0), v)
+                op = op.copy_and_change(rop.SETFIELD_RAW)
+        self.newops.append(op)
+
+    def handle_write_barrier_setinteriorfield(self, op):
+        val = op.getarg(0)
+        # no need for a write barrier in the case of previous malloc
+        if val not in self.recent_mallocs:
+            v = op.getarg(2)
+            if isinstance(v, BoxPtr) or (isinstance(v, ConstPtr) and
+                                         bool(v.value)): # store a non-NULL
+                self.gen_write_barrier(op.getarg(0), v)
+                op = op.copy_and_change(rop.SETINTERIORFIELD_RAW)
+        self.newops.append(op)
+
+    def handle_write_barrier_setarrayitem(self, op):
+        val = op.getarg(0)
+        # no need for a write barrier in the case of previous malloc
+        if val not in self.recent_mallocs:
+            v = op.getarg(2)
+            if isinstance(v, BoxPtr) or (isinstance(v, ConstPtr) and
+                                         bool(v.value)): # store a non-NULL
+                self.gen_write_barrier_array(op.getarg(0),
+                                             op.getarg(1), v)
+                op = op.copy_and_change(rop.SETARRAYITEM_RAW)
+        self.newops.append(op)
+
+    def gen_write_barrier(self, v_base, v_value):
+        write_barrier_descr = self.gc_ll_descr.write_barrier_descr
+        args = [v_base, v_value]
+        self.newops.append(ResOperation(rop.COND_CALL_GC_WB, args, None,
+                                        descr=write_barrier_descr))
+
+    def gen_write_barrier_array(self, v_base, v_index, v_value):
+        write_barrier_descr = self.gc_ll_descr.write_barrier_descr
+        if write_barrier_descr.has_write_barrier_from_array(self.cpu):
+            # If we know statically the length of 'v', and it is not too
+            # big, then produce a regular write_barrier.  If it's unknown or
+            # too big, produce instead a write_barrier_from_array.
+            LARGE = 130
+            length = self.known_lengths.get(v_base, LARGE)
+            if length >= LARGE:
+                # unknown or too big: produce a write_barrier_from_array
+                args = [v_base, v_index, v_value]
+                self.newops.append(
+                    ResOperation(rop.COND_CALL_GC_WB_ARRAY, args, None,
+                                 descr=write_barrier_descr))
+                return
+        # fall-back case: produce a write_barrier
+        self.gen_write_barrier(v_base, v_value)
+
+    def round_up_for_allocation(self, size):
+        if not self.gc_ll_descr.round_up:
+            return size
+        if self.gc_ll_descr.translate_support_code:
+            from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import llarena
+            return llarena.round_up_for_allocation(
+                size, self.gc_ll_descr.minimal_size_in_nursery)
+        else:
+            # non-translated: do it manually
+            # assume that "self.gc_ll_descr.minimal_size_in_nursery" is 2 WORDs
+            size = max(size, 2 * WORD)
+            return (size + WORD-1) & ~(WORD-1)     # round up
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_descr.py b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_descr.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_descr.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_descr.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, rffi
+from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, rffi, rstr
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import *
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport import symbolic
 from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import Symbolic
@@ -53,18 +53,6 @@
                              ('z', lltype.Ptr(U)),
                              ('f', lltype.Float),
                              ('s', lltype.SingleFloat))
-    assert getFieldDescrClass(lltype.Ptr(T)) is GcPtrFieldDescr
-    assert getFieldDescrClass(lltype.Ptr(U)) is NonGcPtrFieldDescr
-    cls = getFieldDescrClass(lltype.Char)
-    assert cls != getFieldDescrClass(lltype.Signed)
-    assert cls == getFieldDescrClass(lltype.Char)
-    clsf = getFieldDescrClass(lltype.Float)
-    assert clsf != cls
-    assert clsf == getFieldDescrClass(lltype.Float)
-    clss = getFieldDescrClass(lltype.SingleFloat)
-    assert clss not in (cls, clsf)
-    assert clss == getFieldDescrClass(lltype.SingleFloat)
-    assert clss == getFieldDescrClass(rffi.UINT)    # for now
     #
     c0 = GcCache(False)
     c1 = GcCache(True)
@@ -77,11 +65,7 @@
         descr_z = get_field_descr(c2, S, 'z')
         descr_f = get_field_descr(c2, S, 'f')
         descr_s = get_field_descr(c2, S, 's')
-        assert descr_x.__class__ is cls
-        assert descr_y.__class__ is GcPtrFieldDescr
-        assert descr_z.__class__ is NonGcPtrFieldDescr
-        assert descr_f.__class__ is clsf
-        assert descr_s.__class__ is clss
+        assert isinstance(descr_x, FieldDescr)
         assert descr_x.name == 'S.x'
         assert descr_y.name == 'S.y'
         assert descr_z.name == 'S.z'
@@ -90,33 +74,27 @@
         if not tsc:
             assert descr_x.offset < descr_y.offset < descr_z.offset
             assert descr_x.sort_key() < descr_y.sort_key() < descr_z.sort_key()
-            assert descr_x.get_field_size(False) == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Char)
-            assert descr_y.get_field_size(False) == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Ptr(T))
-            assert descr_z.get_field_size(False) == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Ptr(U))
-            assert descr_f.get_field_size(False) == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Float)
-            assert descr_s.get_field_size(False) == rffi.sizeof(
-                                                            lltype.SingleFloat)
+            assert descr_x.field_size == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Char)
+            assert descr_y.field_size == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Ptr(T))
+            assert descr_z.field_size == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Ptr(U))
+            assert descr_f.field_size == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Float)
+            assert descr_s.field_size == rffi.sizeof(lltype.SingleFloat)
         else:
             assert isinstance(descr_x.offset, Symbolic)
             assert isinstance(descr_y.offset, Symbolic)
             assert isinstance(descr_z.offset, Symbolic)
             assert isinstance(descr_f.offset, Symbolic)
             assert isinstance(descr_s.offset, Symbolic)
-            assert isinstance(descr_x.get_field_size(True), Symbolic)
-            assert isinstance(descr_y.get_field_size(True), Symbolic)
-            assert isinstance(descr_z.get_field_size(True), Symbolic)
-            assert isinstance(descr_f.get_field_size(True), Symbolic)
-            assert isinstance(descr_s.get_field_size(True), Symbolic)
-        assert not descr_x.is_pointer_field()
-        assert     descr_y.is_pointer_field()
-        assert not descr_z.is_pointer_field()
-        assert not descr_f.is_pointer_field()
-        assert not descr_s.is_pointer_field()
-        assert not descr_x.is_float_field()
-        assert not descr_y.is_float_field()
-        assert not descr_z.is_float_field()
-        assert     descr_f.is_float_field()
-        assert not descr_s.is_float_field()
+            assert isinstance(descr_x.field_size, Symbolic)
+            assert isinstance(descr_y.field_size, Symbolic)
+            assert isinstance(descr_z.field_size, Symbolic)
+            assert isinstance(descr_f.field_size, Symbolic)
+            assert isinstance(descr_s.field_size, Symbolic)
+        assert descr_x.flag == FLAG_UNSIGNED
+        assert descr_y.flag == FLAG_POINTER
+        assert descr_z.flag == FLAG_UNSIGNED
+        assert descr_f.flag == FLAG_FLOAT
+        assert descr_s.flag == FLAG_UNSIGNED
 
 
 def test_get_field_descr_sign():
@@ -128,7 +106,8 @@
         for tsc in [False, True]:
             c2 = GcCache(tsc)
             descr_x = get_field_descr(c2, S, 'x')
-            assert descr_x.is_field_signed() == signed
+            assert descr_x.flag == {False: FLAG_UNSIGNED,
+                                    True:  FLAG_SIGNED  }[signed]
 
 def test_get_field_descr_longlong():
     if sys.maxint > 2147483647:
@@ -136,9 +115,8 @@
     c0 = GcCache(False)
     S = lltype.GcStruct('S', ('y', lltype.UnsignedLongLong))
     descr = get_field_descr(c0, S, 'y')
-    assert not descr.is_pointer_field()
-    assert descr.is_float_field()
-    assert descr.get_field_size(False) == 8
+    assert descr.flag == FLAG_FLOAT
+    assert descr.field_size == 8
 
 
 def test_get_array_descr():
@@ -149,19 +127,8 @@
     A3 = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Ptr(U))
     A4 = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Float)
     A5 = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Struct('x', ('v', lltype.Signed),
-                                      ('k', lltype.Signed)))
+                                           ('k', lltype.Signed)))
     A6 = lltype.GcArray(lltype.SingleFloat)
-    assert getArrayDescrClass(A2) is GcPtrArrayDescr
-    assert getArrayDescrClass(A3) is NonGcPtrArrayDescr
-    cls = getArrayDescrClass(A1)
-    assert cls != getArrayDescrClass(lltype.GcArray(lltype.Signed))
-    assert cls == getArrayDescrClass(lltype.GcArray(lltype.Char))
-    clsf = getArrayDescrClass(A4)
-    assert clsf != cls
-    assert clsf == getArrayDescrClass(lltype.GcArray(lltype.Float))
-    clss = getArrayDescrClass(A6)
-    assert clss not in (clsf, cls)
-    assert clss == getArrayDescrClass(lltype.GcArray(rffi.UINT))
     #
     c0 = GcCache(False)
     descr1 = get_array_descr(c0, A1)
@@ -170,82 +137,61 @@
     descr4 = get_array_descr(c0, A4)
     descr5 = get_array_descr(c0, A5)
     descr6 = get_array_descr(c0, A6)
-    assert descr1.__class__ is cls
-    assert descr2.__class__ is GcPtrArrayDescr
-    assert descr3.__class__ is NonGcPtrArrayDescr
-    assert descr4.__class__ is clsf
-    assert descr6.__class__ is clss
+    assert isinstance(descr1, ArrayDescr)
     assert descr1 == get_array_descr(c0, lltype.GcArray(lltype.Char))
-    assert not descr1.is_array_of_pointers()
-    assert     descr2.is_array_of_pointers()
-    assert not descr3.is_array_of_pointers()
-    assert not descr4.is_array_of_pointers()
-    assert not descr5.is_array_of_pointers()
-    assert not descr1.is_array_of_floats()
-    assert not descr2.is_array_of_floats()
-    assert not descr3.is_array_of_floats()
-    assert     descr4.is_array_of_floats()
-    assert not descr5.is_array_of_floats()
+    assert descr1.flag == FLAG_UNSIGNED
+    assert descr2.flag == FLAG_POINTER
+    assert descr3.flag == FLAG_UNSIGNED
+    assert descr4.flag == FLAG_FLOAT
+    assert descr5.flag == FLAG_STRUCT
+    assert descr6.flag == FLAG_UNSIGNED
     #
     def get_alignment(code):
         # Retrieve default alignment for the compiler/platform
         return struct.calcsize('l' + code) - struct.calcsize(code)
-    assert descr1.get_base_size(False) == get_alignment('c')
-    assert descr2.get_base_size(False) == get_alignment('p')
-    assert descr3.get_base_size(False) == get_alignment('p')
-    assert descr4.get_base_size(False) == get_alignment('d')
-    assert descr5.get_base_size(False) == get_alignment('f')
-    assert descr1.get_ofs_length(False) == 0
-    assert descr2.get_ofs_length(False) == 0
-    assert descr3.get_ofs_length(False) == 0
-    assert descr4.get_ofs_length(False) == 0
-    assert descr5.get_ofs_length(False) == 0
-    assert descr1.get_item_size(False) == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Char)
-    assert descr2.get_item_size(False) == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Ptr(T))
-    assert descr3.get_item_size(False) == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Ptr(U))
-    assert descr4.get_item_size(False) == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Float)
-    assert descr5.get_item_size(False) == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Signed) * 2
-    assert descr6.get_item_size(False) == rffi.sizeof(lltype.SingleFloat)
+    assert descr1.basesize == get_alignment('c')
+    assert descr2.basesize == get_alignment('p')
+    assert descr3.basesize == get_alignment('p')
+    assert descr4.basesize == get_alignment('d')
+    assert descr5.basesize == get_alignment('f')
+    assert descr1.lendescr.offset == 0
+    assert descr2.lendescr.offset == 0
+    assert descr3.lendescr.offset == 0
+    assert descr4.lendescr.offset == 0
+    assert descr5.lendescr.offset == 0
+    assert descr1.itemsize == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Char)
+    assert descr2.itemsize == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Ptr(T))
+    assert descr3.itemsize == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Ptr(U))
+    assert descr4.itemsize == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Float)
+    assert descr5.itemsize == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Signed) * 2
+    assert descr6.itemsize == rffi.sizeof(lltype.SingleFloat)
     #
-    assert isinstance(descr1.get_base_size(True), Symbolic)
-    assert isinstance(descr2.get_base_size(True), Symbolic)
-    assert isinstance(descr3.get_base_size(True), Symbolic)
-    assert isinstance(descr4.get_base_size(True), Symbolic)
-    assert isinstance(descr5.get_base_size(True), Symbolic)
-    assert isinstance(descr1.get_ofs_length(True), Symbolic)
-    assert isinstance(descr2.get_ofs_length(True), Symbolic)
-    assert isinstance(descr3.get_ofs_length(True), Symbolic)
-    assert isinstance(descr4.get_ofs_length(True), Symbolic)
-    assert isinstance(descr5.get_ofs_length(True), Symbolic)
-    assert isinstance(descr1.get_item_size(True), Symbolic)
-    assert isinstance(descr2.get_item_size(True), Symbolic)
-    assert isinstance(descr3.get_item_size(True), Symbolic)
-    assert isinstance(descr4.get_item_size(True), Symbolic)
-    assert isinstance(descr5.get_item_size(True), Symbolic)
     CA = rffi.CArray(lltype.Signed)
     descr = get_array_descr(c0, CA)
-    assert not descr.is_array_of_floats()
-    assert descr.get_base_size(False) == 0
-    assert descr.get_ofs_length(False) == -1
+    assert descr.flag == FLAG_SIGNED
+    assert descr.basesize == 0
+    assert descr.lendescr is None
     CA = rffi.CArray(lltype.Ptr(lltype.GcStruct('S')))
     descr = get_array_descr(c0, CA)
-    assert descr.is_array_of_pointers()
-    assert descr.get_base_size(False) == 0
-    assert descr.get_ofs_length(False) == -1
+    assert descr.flag == FLAG_POINTER
+    assert descr.basesize == 0
+    assert descr.lendescr is None
     CA = rffi.CArray(lltype.Ptr(lltype.Struct('S')))
     descr = get_array_descr(c0, CA)
-    assert descr.get_base_size(False) == 0
-    assert descr.get_ofs_length(False) == -1
+    assert descr.flag == FLAG_UNSIGNED
+    assert descr.basesize == 0
+    assert descr.lendescr is None
     CA = rffi.CArray(lltype.Float)
     descr = get_array_descr(c0, CA)
-    assert descr.is_array_of_floats()
-    assert descr.get_base_size(False) == 0
-    assert descr.get_ofs_length(False) == -1
+    assert descr.flag == FLAG_FLOAT
+    assert descr.basesize == 0
+    assert descr.lendescr is None
     CA = rffi.CArray(rffi.FLOAT)
     descr = get_array_descr(c0, CA)
-    assert not descr.is_array_of_floats()
-    assert descr.get_base_size(False) == 0
-    assert descr.get_ofs_length(False) == -1
+    assert descr.flag == FLAG_UNSIGNED
+    assert descr.basesize == 0
+    assert descr.itemsize == rffi.sizeof(lltype.SingleFloat)
+    assert descr.lendescr is None
 
 
 def test_get_array_descr_sign():
@@ -257,46 +203,55 @@
         for tsc in [False, True]:
             c2 = GcCache(tsc)
             arraydescr = get_array_descr(c2, A)
-            assert arraydescr.is_item_signed() == signed
+            assert arraydescr.flag == {False: FLAG_UNSIGNED,
+                                       True:  FLAG_SIGNED  }[signed]
         #
         RA = rffi.CArray(RESTYPE)
         for tsc in [False, True]:
             c2 = GcCache(tsc)
             arraydescr = get_array_descr(c2, RA)
-            assert arraydescr.is_item_signed() == signed
+            assert arraydescr.flag == {False: FLAG_UNSIGNED,
+                                       True:  FLAG_SIGNED  }[signed]
+
+
+def test_get_array_descr_str():
+    c0 = GcCache(False)
+    descr1 = get_array_descr(c0, rstr.STR)
+    assert descr1.itemsize == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Char)
+    assert descr1.flag == FLAG_UNSIGNED
 
 
 def test_get_call_descr_not_translated():
     c0 = GcCache(False)
     descr1 = get_call_descr(c0, [lltype.Char, lltype.Signed], lltype.Char)
-    assert descr1.get_result_size(False) == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Char)
-    assert descr1.get_return_type() == history.INT
+    assert descr1.get_result_size() == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Char)
+    assert descr1.get_result_type() == history.INT
     assert descr1.arg_classes == "ii"
     #
     T = lltype.GcStruct('T')
     descr2 = get_call_descr(c0, [lltype.Ptr(T)], lltype.Ptr(T))
-    assert descr2.get_result_size(False) == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Ptr(T))
-    assert descr2.get_return_type() == history.REF
+    assert descr2.get_result_size() == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Ptr(T))
+    assert descr2.get_result_type() == history.REF
     assert descr2.arg_classes == "r"
     #
     U = lltype.GcStruct('U', ('x', lltype.Signed))
     assert descr2 == get_call_descr(c0, [lltype.Ptr(U)], lltype.Ptr(U))
     #
     V = lltype.Struct('V', ('x', lltype.Signed))
-    assert (get_call_descr(c0, [], lltype.Ptr(V)).get_return_type() ==
+    assert (get_call_descr(c0, [], lltype.Ptr(V)).get_result_type() ==
             history.INT)
     #
-    assert (get_call_descr(c0, [], lltype.Void).get_return_type() ==
+    assert (get_call_descr(c0, [], lltype.Void).get_result_type() ==
             history.VOID)
     #
     descr4 = get_call_descr(c0, [lltype.Float, lltype.Float], lltype.Float)
-    assert descr4.get_result_size(False) == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Float)
-    assert descr4.get_return_type() == history.FLOAT
+    assert descr4.get_result_size() == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Float)
+    assert descr4.get_result_type() == history.FLOAT
     assert descr4.arg_classes == "ff"
     #
     descr5 = get_call_descr(c0, [lltype.SingleFloat], lltype.SingleFloat)
-    assert descr5.get_result_size(False) == rffi.sizeof(lltype.SingleFloat)
-    assert descr5.get_return_type() == "S"
+    assert descr5.get_result_size() == rffi.sizeof(lltype.SingleFloat)
+    assert descr5.get_result_type() == "S"
     assert descr5.arg_classes == "S"
 
 def test_get_call_descr_not_translated_longlong():
@@ -305,13 +260,13 @@
     c0 = GcCache(False)
     #
     descr5 = get_call_descr(c0, [lltype.SignedLongLong], lltype.Signed)
-    assert descr5.get_result_size(False) == 4
-    assert descr5.get_return_type() == history.INT
+    assert descr5.get_result_size() == 4
+    assert descr5.get_result_type() == history.INT
     assert descr5.arg_classes == "L"
     #
     descr6 = get_call_descr(c0, [lltype.Signed], lltype.SignedLongLong)
-    assert descr6.get_result_size(False) == 8
-    assert descr6.get_return_type() == "L"
+    assert descr6.get_result_size() == 8
+    assert descr6.get_result_type() == "L"
     assert descr6.arg_classes == "i"
 
 def test_get_call_descr_translated():
@@ -319,18 +274,18 @@
     T = lltype.GcStruct('T')
     U = lltype.GcStruct('U', ('x', lltype.Signed))
     descr3 = get_call_descr(c1, [lltype.Ptr(T)], lltype.Ptr(U))
-    assert isinstance(descr3.get_result_size(True), Symbolic)
-    assert descr3.get_return_type() == history.REF
+    assert isinstance(descr3.get_result_size(), Symbolic)
+    assert descr3.get_result_type() == history.REF
     assert descr3.arg_classes == "r"
     #
     descr4 = get_call_descr(c1, [lltype.Float, lltype.Float], lltype.Float)
-    assert isinstance(descr4.get_result_size(True), Symbolic)
-    assert descr4.get_return_type() == history.FLOAT
+    assert isinstance(descr4.get_result_size(), Symbolic)
+    assert descr4.get_result_type() == history.FLOAT
     assert descr4.arg_classes == "ff"
     #
     descr5 = get_call_descr(c1, [lltype.SingleFloat], lltype.SingleFloat)
-    assert isinstance(descr5.get_result_size(True), Symbolic)
-    assert descr5.get_return_type() == "S"
+    assert isinstance(descr5.get_result_size(), Symbolic)
+    assert descr5.get_result_type() == "S"
     assert descr5.arg_classes == "S"
 
 def test_call_descr_extra_info():
@@ -358,6 +313,10 @@
 
 
 def test_repr_of_descr():
+    def repr_of_descr(descr):
+        s = descr.repr_of_descr()
+        assert ',' not in s  # makes the life easier for pypy.tool.jitlogparser
+        return s
     c0 = GcCache(False)
     T = lltype.GcStruct('T')
     S = lltype.GcStruct('S', ('x', lltype.Char),
@@ -365,33 +324,34 @@
                              ('z', lltype.Ptr(T)))
     descr1 = get_size_descr(c0, S)
     s = symbolic.get_size(S, False)
-    assert descr1.repr_of_descr() == '<SizeDescr %d>' % s
+    assert repr_of_descr(descr1) == '<SizeDescr %d>' % s
     #
     descr2 = get_field_descr(c0, S, 'y')
     o, _ = symbolic.get_field_token(S, 'y', False)
-    assert descr2.repr_of_descr() == '<GcPtrFieldDescr S.y %d>' % o
+    assert repr_of_descr(descr2) == '<FieldP S.y %d>' % o
     #
     descr2i = get_field_descr(c0, S, 'x')
     o, _ = symbolic.get_field_token(S, 'x', False)
-    assert descr2i.repr_of_descr() == '<CharFieldDescr S.x %d>' % o
+    assert repr_of_descr(descr2i) == '<FieldU S.x %d>' % o
     #
     descr3 = get_array_descr(c0, lltype.GcArray(lltype.Ptr(S)))
-    assert descr3.repr_of_descr() == '<GcPtrArrayDescr>'
+    o = symbolic.get_size(lltype.Ptr(S), False)
+    assert repr_of_descr(descr3) == '<ArrayP %d>' % o
     #
     descr3i = get_array_descr(c0, lltype.GcArray(lltype.Char))
-    assert descr3i.repr_of_descr() == '<CharArrayDescr>'
+    assert repr_of_descr(descr3i) == '<ArrayU 1>'
     #
     descr4 = get_call_descr(c0, [lltype.Char, lltype.Ptr(S)], lltype.Ptr(S))
-    assert 'GcPtrCallDescr' in descr4.repr_of_descr()
+    assert repr_of_descr(descr4) == '<Callr %d ir>' % o
     #
     descr4i = get_call_descr(c0, [lltype.Char, lltype.Ptr(S)], lltype.Char)
-    assert 'CharCallDescr' in descr4i.repr_of_descr()
+    assert repr_of_descr(descr4i) == '<Calli 1 ir>'
     #
     descr4f = get_call_descr(c0, [lltype.Char, lltype.Ptr(S)], lltype.Float)
-    assert 'FloatCallDescr' in descr4f.repr_of_descr()
+    assert repr_of_descr(descr4f) == '<Callf 8 ir>'
     #
     descr5f = get_call_descr(c0, [lltype.Char], lltype.SingleFloat)
-    assert 'SingleFloatCallDescr' in descr5f.repr_of_descr()
+    assert repr_of_descr(descr5f) == '<CallS 4 i>'
 
 def test_call_stubs_1():
     c0 = GcCache(False)
@@ -401,10 +361,10 @@
     def f(a, b):
         return 'c'
 
-    call_stub = descr1.call_stub
     fnptr = llhelper(lltype.Ptr(lltype.FuncType(ARGS, RES)), f)
 
-    res = call_stub(rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, fnptr), [1, 2], None, None)
+    res = descr1.call_stub_i(rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, fnptr),
+                             [1, 2], None, None)
     assert res == ord('c')
 
 def test_call_stubs_2():
@@ -421,8 +381,8 @@
     a = lltype.malloc(ARRAY, 3)
     opaquea = lltype.cast_opaque_ptr(llmemory.GCREF, a)
     a[0] = 1
-    res = descr2.call_stub(rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, fnptr),
-                           [], [opaquea], [longlong.getfloatstorage(3.5)])
+    res = descr2.call_stub_f(rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, fnptr),
+                             [], [opaquea], [longlong.getfloatstorage(3.5)])
     assert longlong.getrealfloat(res) == 4.5
 
 def test_call_stubs_single_float():
@@ -445,6 +405,22 @@
     a = intmask(singlefloat2uint(r_singlefloat(-10.0)))
     b = intmask(singlefloat2uint(r_singlefloat(3.0)))
     c = intmask(singlefloat2uint(r_singlefloat(2.0)))
-    res = descr2.call_stub(rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, fnptr),
-                           [a, b, c], [], [])
+    res = descr2.call_stub_i(rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, fnptr),
+                             [a, b, c], [], [])
     assert float(uint2singlefloat(rffi.r_uint(res))) == -11.5
+
+def test_field_arraylen_descr():
+    c0 = GcCache(True)
+    A1 = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Signed)
+    fielddescr = get_field_arraylen_descr(c0, A1)
+    assert isinstance(fielddescr, FieldDescr)
+    ofs = fielddescr.offset
+    assert repr(ofs) == '< ArrayLengthOffset <GcArray of Signed > >'
+    #
+    fielddescr = get_field_arraylen_descr(c0, rstr.STR)
+    ofs = fielddescr.offset
+    assert repr(ofs) == ("< <FieldOffset <GcStruct rpy_string { hash, chars }>"
+                         " 'chars'> + < ArrayLengthOffset"
+                         " <Array of Char > > >")
+    # caching:
+    assert fielddescr is get_field_arraylen_descr(c0, rstr.STR)
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_ffisupport.py b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_ffisupport.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_ffisupport.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_ffisupport.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from pypy.rlib.libffi import types
 from pypy.jit.codewriter.longlong import is_64_bit
+from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import *
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.ffisupport import *
 
 
@@ -15,7 +16,9 @@
     args = [types.sint, types.pointer]
     descr = get_call_descr_dynamic(FakeCPU(), args, types.sint, None,
                                    ffi_flags=42)
-    assert isinstance(descr, DynamicIntCallDescr)
+    assert isinstance(descr, CallDescr)
+    assert descr.result_type == 'i'
+    assert descr.result_flag == FLAG_SIGNED
     assert descr.arg_classes == 'ii'
     assert descr.get_ffi_flags() == 42
 
@@ -24,18 +27,20 @@
     assert descr is None    # missing floats
     descr = get_call_descr_dynamic(FakeCPU(supports_floats=True),
                                    args, types.void, None, ffi_flags=43)
-    assert isinstance(descr, VoidCallDescr)
+    assert descr.result_type == 'v'
+    assert descr.result_flag == FLAG_VOID
     assert descr.arg_classes == 'ifi'
     assert descr.get_ffi_flags() == 43
 
     descr = get_call_descr_dynamic(FakeCPU(), [], types.sint8, None, 42)
-    assert isinstance(descr, DynamicIntCallDescr)
-    assert descr.get_result_size(False) == 1
+    assert descr.get_result_size() == 1
+    assert descr.result_flag == FLAG_SIGNED
     assert descr.is_result_signed() == True
 
     descr = get_call_descr_dynamic(FakeCPU(), [], types.uint8, None, 42)
-    assert isinstance(descr, DynamicIntCallDescr)
-    assert descr.get_result_size(False) == 1
+    assert isinstance(descr, CallDescr)
+    assert descr.get_result_size() == 1
+    assert descr.result_flag == FLAG_UNSIGNED
     assert descr.is_result_signed() == False
 
     if not is_64_bit:
@@ -44,7 +49,9 @@
         assert descr is None   # missing longlongs
         descr = get_call_descr_dynamic(FakeCPU(supports_longlong=True),
                                        [], types.slonglong, None, ffi_flags=43)
-        assert isinstance(descr, LongLongCallDescr)
+        assert isinstance(descr, CallDescr)
+        assert descr.result_flag == FLAG_FLOAT
+        assert descr.result_type == 'L'
         assert descr.get_ffi_flags() == 43
     else:
         assert types.slonglong is types.slong
@@ -53,6 +60,6 @@
     assert descr is None   # missing singlefloats
     descr = get_call_descr_dynamic(FakeCPU(supports_singlefloats=True),
                                    [], types.float, None, ffi_flags=44)
-    SingleFloatCallDescr = getCallDescrClass(rffi.FLOAT)
-    assert isinstance(descr, SingleFloatCallDescr)
+    assert descr.result_flag == FLAG_UNSIGNED
+    assert descr.result_type == 'S'
     assert descr.get_ffi_flags() == 44
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_gc.py b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_gc.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_gc.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_gc.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.gc import *
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport import symbolic
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.gc import get_description
+from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import BoxPtr, BoxInt, ConstPtr
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.resoperation import get_deep_immutable_oplist
 from pypy.jit.tool.oparser import parse
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem.rclass import OBJECT, OBJECT_VTABLE
@@ -15,12 +16,12 @@
     gc_ll_descr = GcLLDescr_boehm(None, None, None)
     #
     record = []
-    prev_funcptr_for_new = gc_ll_descr.funcptr_for_new
-    def my_funcptr_for_new(size):
-        p = prev_funcptr_for_new(size)
+    prev_malloc_fn_ptr = gc_ll_descr.malloc_fn_ptr
+    def my_malloc_fn_ptr(size):
+        p = prev_malloc_fn_ptr(size)
         record.append((size, p))
         return p
-    gc_ll_descr.funcptr_for_new = my_funcptr_for_new
+    gc_ll_descr.malloc_fn_ptr = my_malloc_fn_ptr
     #
     # ---------- gc_malloc ----------
     S = lltype.GcStruct('S', ('x', lltype.Signed))
@@ -32,8 +33,8 @@
     A = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Signed)
     arraydescr = get_array_descr(gc_ll_descr, A)
     p = gc_ll_descr.gc_malloc_array(arraydescr, 10)
-    assert record == [(arraydescr.get_base_size(False) +
-                       10 * arraydescr.get_item_size(False), p)]
+    assert record == [(arraydescr.basesize +
+                       10 * arraydescr.itemsize, p)]
     del record[:]
     # ---------- gc_malloc_str ----------
     p = gc_ll_descr.gc_malloc_str(10)
@@ -246,24 +247,28 @@
     def __init__(self):
         self.record = []
 
+    def _malloc(self, type_id, size):
+        tid = llop.combine_ushort(lltype.Signed, type_id, 0)
+        x = llmemory.raw_malloc(self.gcheaderbuilder.size_gc_header + size)
+        x += self.gcheaderbuilder.size_gc_header
+        return x, tid
+
     def do_malloc_fixedsize_clear(self, RESTYPE, type_id, size,
                                   has_finalizer, has_light_finalizer,
                                   contains_weakptr):
         assert not contains_weakptr
-        assert not has_finalizer           # in these tests
-        assert not has_light_finalizer     # in these tests
-        p = llmemory.raw_malloc(size)
+        assert not has_finalizer
+        assert not has_light_finalizer
+        p, tid = self._malloc(type_id, size)
         p = llmemory.cast_adr_to_ptr(p, RESTYPE)
-        tid = llop.combine_ushort(lltype.Signed, type_id, 0)
         self.record.append(("fixedsize", repr(size), tid, p))
         return p
 
     def do_malloc_varsize_clear(self, RESTYPE, type_id, length, size,
                                 itemsize, offset_to_length):
-        p = llmemory.raw_malloc(size + itemsize * length)
+        p, tid = self._malloc(type_id, size + itemsize * length)
         (p + offset_to_length).signed[0] = length
         p = llmemory.cast_adr_to_ptr(p, RESTYPE)
-        tid = llop.combine_ushort(lltype.Signed, type_id, 0)
         self.record.append(("varsize", tid, length,
                             repr(size), repr(itemsize),
                             repr(offset_to_length), p))
@@ -322,43 +327,40 @@
         gc_ll_descr = GcLLDescr_framework(gcdescr, FakeTranslator(), None,
                                           llop1)
         gc_ll_descr.initialize()
+        llop1.gcheaderbuilder = gc_ll_descr.gcheaderbuilder
         self.llop1 = llop1
         self.gc_ll_descr = gc_ll_descr
         self.fake_cpu = FakeCPU()
 
-    def test_args_for_new(self):
-        S = lltype.GcStruct('S', ('x', lltype.Signed))
-        sizedescr = get_size_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, S)
-        args = self.gc_ll_descr.args_for_new(sizedescr)
-        for x in args:
-            assert lltype.typeOf(x) == lltype.Signed
-        A = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Signed)
-        arraydescr = get_array_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, A)
-        args = self.gc_ll_descr.args_for_new(sizedescr)
-        for x in args:
-            assert lltype.typeOf(x) == lltype.Signed
+##    def test_args_for_new(self):
+##        S = lltype.GcStruct('S', ('x', lltype.Signed))
+##        sizedescr = get_size_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, S)
+##        args = self.gc_ll_descr.args_for_new(sizedescr)
+##        for x in args:
+##            assert lltype.typeOf(x) == lltype.Signed
+##        A = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Signed)
+##        arraydescr = get_array_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, A)
+##        args = self.gc_ll_descr.args_for_new(sizedescr)
+##        for x in args:
+##            assert lltype.typeOf(x) == lltype.Signed
 
     def test_gc_malloc(self):
         S = lltype.GcStruct('S', ('x', lltype.Signed))
         sizedescr = get_size_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, S)
         p = self.gc_ll_descr.gc_malloc(sizedescr)
-        assert self.llop1.record == [("fixedsize",
-                                      repr(sizedescr.size),
+        assert lltype.typeOf(p) == llmemory.GCREF
+        assert self.llop1.record == [("fixedsize", repr(sizedescr.size),
                                       sizedescr.tid, p)]
-        assert repr(self.gc_ll_descr.args_for_new(sizedescr)) == repr(
-            [sizedescr.size, sizedescr.tid])
 
     def test_gc_malloc_array(self):
         A = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Signed)
         arraydescr = get_array_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, A)
         p = self.gc_ll_descr.gc_malloc_array(arraydescr, 10)
         assert self.llop1.record == [("varsize", arraydescr.tid, 10,
-                                      repr(arraydescr.get_base_size(True)),
-                                      repr(arraydescr.get_item_size(True)),
-                                      repr(arraydescr.get_ofs_length(True)),
+                                      repr(arraydescr.basesize),
+                                      repr(arraydescr.itemsize),
+                                      repr(arraydescr.lendescr.offset),
                                       p)]
-        assert repr(self.gc_ll_descr.args_for_new_array(arraydescr)) == repr(
-            [arraydescr.get_item_size(True), arraydescr.tid])
 
     def test_gc_malloc_str(self):
         p = self.gc_ll_descr.gc_malloc_str(10)
@@ -404,10 +406,11 @@
         gc_ll_descr = self.gc_ll_descr
         llop1 = self.llop1
         #
-        newops = []
+        rewriter = GcRewriterAssembler(gc_ll_descr, None)
+        newops = rewriter.newops
         v_base = BoxPtr()
         v_value = BoxPtr()
-        gc_ll_descr._gen_write_barrier(newops, v_base, v_value)
+        rewriter.gen_write_barrier(v_base, v_value)
         assert llop1.record == []
         assert len(newops) == 1
         assert newops[0].getopnum() == rop.COND_CALL_GC_WB
@@ -427,8 +430,7 @@
         operations = gc_ll_descr.rewrite_assembler(None, operations, [])
         assert len(operations) == 0
 
-    def test_rewrite_assembler_1(self):
-        # check recording of ConstPtrs
+    def test_record_constptrs(self):
         class MyFakeCPU(object):
             def cast_adr_to_int(self, adr):
                 assert adr == "some fake address"
@@ -455,211 +457,6 @@
         assert operations2 == operations
         assert gcrefs == [s_gcref]
 
-    def test_rewrite_assembler_2(self):
-        # check write barriers before SETFIELD_GC
-        v_base = BoxPtr()
-        v_value = BoxPtr()
-        field_descr = AbstractDescr()
-        operations = [
-            ResOperation(rop.SETFIELD_GC, [v_base, v_value], None,
-                         descr=field_descr),
-            ]
-        gc_ll_descr = self.gc_ll_descr
-        operations = get_deep_immutable_oplist(operations)
-        operations = gc_ll_descr.rewrite_assembler(self.fake_cpu, operations,
-                                                   [])
-        assert len(operations) == 2
-        #
-        assert operations[0].getopnum() == rop.COND_CALL_GC_WB
-        assert operations[0].getarg(0) == v_base
-        assert operations[0].getarg(1) == v_value
-        assert operations[0].result is None
-        #
-        assert operations[1].getopnum() == rop.SETFIELD_RAW
-        assert operations[1].getarg(0) == v_base
-        assert operations[1].getarg(1) == v_value
-        assert operations[1].getdescr() == field_descr
-
-    def test_rewrite_assembler_3(self):
-        # check write barriers before SETARRAYITEM_GC
-        for v_new_length in (None, ConstInt(5), ConstInt(5000), BoxInt()):
-            v_base = BoxPtr()
-            v_index = BoxInt()
-            v_value = BoxPtr()
-            array_descr = AbstractDescr()
-            operations = [
-                ResOperation(rop.SETARRAYITEM_GC, [v_base, v_index, v_value],
-                             None, descr=array_descr),
-                ]
-            if v_new_length is not None:
-                operations.insert(0, ResOperation(rop.NEW_ARRAY,
-                                                  [v_new_length], v_base,
-                                                  descr=array_descr))
-                # we need to insert another, unrelated NEW_ARRAY here
-                # to prevent the initialization_store optimization
-                operations.insert(1, ResOperation(rop.NEW_ARRAY,
-                                                  [ConstInt(12)], BoxPtr(),
-                                                  descr=array_descr))
-            gc_ll_descr = self.gc_ll_descr
-            operations = get_deep_immutable_oplist(operations)
-            operations = gc_ll_descr.rewrite_assembler(self.fake_cpu,
-                                                       operations, [])
-            if v_new_length is not None:
-                assert operations[0].getopnum() == rop.NEW_ARRAY
-                assert operations[1].getopnum() == rop.NEW_ARRAY
-                del operations[:2]
-            assert len(operations) == 2
-            #
-            assert operations[0].getopnum() == rop.COND_CALL_GC_WB
-            assert operations[0].getarg(0) == v_base
-            assert operations[0].getarg(1) == v_value
-            assert operations[0].result is None
-            #
-            assert operations[1].getopnum() == rop.SETARRAYITEM_RAW
-            assert operations[1].getarg(0) == v_base
-            assert operations[1].getarg(1) == v_index
-            assert operations[1].getarg(2) == v_value
-            assert operations[1].getdescr() == array_descr
-
-    def test_rewrite_assembler_4(self):
-        # check write barriers before SETARRAYITEM_GC,
-        # if we have actually a write_barrier_from_array.
-        self.llop1._have_wb_from_array = True
-        for v_new_length in (None, ConstInt(5), ConstInt(5000), BoxInt()):
-            v_base = BoxPtr()
-            v_index = BoxInt()
-            v_value = BoxPtr()
-            array_descr = AbstractDescr()
-            operations = [
-                ResOperation(rop.SETARRAYITEM_GC, [v_base, v_index, v_value],
-                             None, descr=array_descr),
-                ]
-            if v_new_length is not None:
-                operations.insert(0, ResOperation(rop.NEW_ARRAY,
-                                                  [v_new_length], v_base,
-                                                  descr=array_descr))
-                # we need to insert another, unrelated NEW_ARRAY here
-                # to prevent the initialization_store optimization
-                operations.insert(1, ResOperation(rop.NEW_ARRAY,
-                                                  [ConstInt(12)], BoxPtr(),
-                                                  descr=array_descr))
-            gc_ll_descr = self.gc_ll_descr
-            operations = get_deep_immutable_oplist(operations)
-            operations = gc_ll_descr.rewrite_assembler(self.fake_cpu,
-                                                       operations, [])
-            if v_new_length is not None:
-                assert operations[0].getopnum() == rop.NEW_ARRAY
-                assert operations[1].getopnum() == rop.NEW_ARRAY
-                del operations[:2]
-            assert len(operations) == 2
-            #
-            if isinstance(v_new_length, ConstInt) and v_new_length.value < 130:
-                assert operations[0].getopnum() == rop.COND_CALL_GC_WB
-                assert operations[0].getarg(0) == v_base
-                assert operations[0].getarg(1) == v_value
-            else:
-                assert operations[0].getopnum() == rop.COND_CALL_GC_WB_ARRAY
-                assert operations[0].getarg(0) == v_base
-                assert operations[0].getarg(1) == v_index
-                assert operations[0].getarg(2) == v_value
-            assert operations[0].result is None
-            #
-            assert operations[1].getopnum() == rop.SETARRAYITEM_RAW
-            assert operations[1].getarg(0) == v_base
-            assert operations[1].getarg(1) == v_index
-            assert operations[1].getarg(2) == v_value
-            assert operations[1].getdescr() == array_descr
-
-    def test_rewrite_assembler_5(self):
-        S = lltype.GcStruct('S')
-        A = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Struct('A', ('x', lltype.Ptr(S))))
-        interiordescr = get_interiorfield_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, A,
-                                                A.OF, 'x')
-        wbdescr = self.gc_ll_descr.write_barrier_descr
-        ops = parse("""
-        [p1, p2]
-        setinteriorfield_gc(p1, 0, p2, descr=interiordescr)
-        jump(p1, p2)
-        """, namespace=locals())
-        expected = parse(""" 
-        [p1, p2]
-        cond_call_gc_wb(p1, p2, descr=wbdescr)
-        setinteriorfield_raw(p1, 0, p2, descr=interiordescr)
-        jump(p1, p2)
-        """, namespace=locals())
-        operations = get_deep_immutable_oplist(ops.operations)
-        operations = self.gc_ll_descr.rewrite_assembler(self.fake_cpu,
-                                                        operations, [])
-        equaloplists(operations, expected.operations)
-
-    def test_rewrite_assembler_initialization_store(self):
-        S = lltype.GcStruct('S', ('parent', OBJECT),
-                            ('x', lltype.Signed))
-        s_vtable = lltype.malloc(OBJECT_VTABLE, immortal=True)
-        xdescr = get_field_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, S, 'x')
-        ops = parse("""
-        [p1]
-        p0 = new_with_vtable(ConstClass(s_vtable))
-        setfield_gc(p0, p1, descr=xdescr)
-        jump()
-        """, namespace=locals())
-        expected = parse("""
-        [p1]
-        p0 = new_with_vtable(ConstClass(s_vtable))
-        # no write barrier
-        setfield_gc(p0, p1, descr=xdescr)
-        jump()
-        """, namespace=locals())
-        operations = get_deep_immutable_oplist(ops.operations)
-        operations = self.gc_ll_descr.rewrite_assembler(self.fake_cpu,
-                                                        operations, [])
-        equaloplists(operations, expected.operations)
-
-    def test_rewrite_assembler_initialization_store_2(self):
-        S = lltype.GcStruct('S', ('parent', OBJECT),
-                            ('x', lltype.Signed))
-        s_vtable = lltype.malloc(OBJECT_VTABLE, immortal=True)
-        wbdescr = self.gc_ll_descr.write_barrier_descr
-        xdescr = get_field_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, S, 'x')
-        ops = parse("""
-        [p1]
-        p0 = new_with_vtable(ConstClass(s_vtable))
-        p3 = new_with_vtable(ConstClass(s_vtable))
-        setfield_gc(p0, p1, descr=xdescr)
-        jump()
-        """, namespace=locals())
-        expected = parse("""
-        [p1]
-        p0 = new_with_vtable(ConstClass(s_vtable))
-        p3 = new_with_vtable(ConstClass(s_vtable))
-        cond_call_gc_wb(p0, p1, descr=wbdescr)
-        setfield_raw(p0, p1, descr=xdescr)
-        jump()
-        """, namespace=locals())
-        operations = get_deep_immutable_oplist(ops.operations)
-        operations = self.gc_ll_descr.rewrite_assembler(self.fake_cpu,
-                                                        operations, [])
-        equaloplists(operations, expected.operations)
-
-    def test_rewrite_assembler_initialization_store_3(self):
-        A = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Ptr(lltype.GcStruct('S')))
-        arraydescr = get_array_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, A)
-        ops = parse("""
-        [p1]
-        p0 = new_array(3, descr=arraydescr)
-        setarrayitem_gc(p0, 0, p1, descr=arraydescr)
-        jump()
-        """, namespace=locals())
-        expected = parse("""
-        [p1]
-        p0 = new_array(3, descr=arraydescr)
-        setarrayitem_gc(p0, 0, p1, descr=arraydescr)
-        jump()
-        """, namespace=locals())
-        operations = get_deep_immutable_oplist(ops.operations)
-        operations = self.gc_ll_descr.rewrite_assembler(self.fake_cpu,
-                                                        operations, [])
-        equaloplists(operations, expected.operations)
 
 class TestFrameworkMiniMark(TestFramework):
     gc = 'minimark'
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_rewrite.py b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_rewrite.py
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_rewrite.py
@@ -0,0 +1,668 @@
+from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import *
+from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.gc import *
+from pypy.jit.metainterp.gc import get_description
+from pypy.jit.tool.oparser import parse
+from pypy.jit.metainterp.optimizeopt.util import equaloplists
+from pypy.jit.codewriter.heaptracker import register_known_gctype
+
+
+class Evaluator(object):
+    def __init__(self, scope):
+        self.scope = scope
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        return eval(key, self.scope)
+
+
+class RewriteTests(object):
+    def check_rewrite(self, frm_operations, to_operations, **namespace):
+        S = lltype.GcStruct('S', ('x', lltype.Signed),
+                                 ('y', lltype.Signed))
+        sdescr = get_size_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, S)
+        sdescr.tid = 1234
+        #
+        T = lltype.GcStruct('T', ('y', lltype.Signed),
+                                 ('z', lltype.Ptr(S)),
+                                 ('t', lltype.Signed))
+        tdescr = get_size_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, T)
+        tdescr.tid = 5678
+        tzdescr = get_field_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, T, 'z')
+        #
+        A = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Signed)
+        adescr = get_array_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, A)
+        adescr.tid = 4321
+        alendescr = adescr.lendescr
+        #
+        B = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Char)
+        bdescr = get_array_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, B)
+        bdescr.tid = 8765
+        blendescr = bdescr.lendescr
+        #
+        C = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Ptr(S))
+        cdescr = get_array_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, C)
+        cdescr.tid = 8111
+        clendescr = cdescr.lendescr
+        #
+        E = lltype.GcStruct('Empty')
+        edescr = get_size_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, E)
+        edescr.tid = 9000
+        #
+        vtable_descr = self.gc_ll_descr.fielddescr_vtable
+        O = lltype.GcStruct('O', ('parent', rclass.OBJECT),
+                                 ('x', lltype.Signed))
+        o_vtable = lltype.malloc(rclass.OBJECT_VTABLE, immortal=True)
+        register_known_gctype(self.cpu, o_vtable, O)
+        #
+        tiddescr = self.gc_ll_descr.fielddescr_tid
+        wbdescr = self.gc_ll_descr.write_barrier_descr
+        WORD = globals()['WORD']
+        #
+        strdescr     = self.gc_ll_descr.str_descr
+        unicodedescr = self.gc_ll_descr.unicode_descr
+        strlendescr     = strdescr.lendescr
+        unicodelendescr = unicodedescr.lendescr
+        #
+        namespace.update(locals())
+        #
+        for funcname in self.gc_ll_descr._generated_functions:
+            namespace[funcname] = self.gc_ll_descr.get_malloc_fn(funcname)
+            namespace[funcname + '_descr'] = getattr(self.gc_ll_descr,
+                                                     '%s_descr' % funcname)
+        #
+        ops = parse(frm_operations, namespace=namespace)
+        expected = parse(to_operations % Evaluator(namespace),
+                         namespace=namespace)
+        operations = self.gc_ll_descr.rewrite_assembler(self.cpu,
+                                                        ops.operations,
+                                                        [])
+        equaloplists(operations, expected.operations)
+
+
+class TestBoehm(RewriteTests):
+    def setup_method(self, meth):
+        class FakeCPU(object):
+            def sizeof(self, STRUCT):
+                return SizeDescrWithVTable(102)
+        self.cpu = FakeCPU()
+        self.gc_ll_descr = GcLLDescr_boehm(None, None, None)
+
+    def test_new(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            []
+            p0 = new(descr=sdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [p1]
+            p0 = call_malloc_gc(ConstClass(malloc_fixedsize), %(sdescr.size)d,\
+                                descr=malloc_fixedsize_descr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_no_collapsing(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            []
+            p0 = new(descr=sdescr)
+            p1 = new(descr=sdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            []
+            p0 = call_malloc_gc(ConstClass(malloc_fixedsize), %(sdescr.size)d,\
+                                descr=malloc_fixedsize_descr)
+            p1 = call_malloc_gc(ConstClass(malloc_fixedsize), %(sdescr.size)d,\
+                                descr=malloc_fixedsize_descr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_new_array_fixed(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            []
+            p0 = new_array(10, descr=adescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            []
+            p0 = call_malloc_gc(ConstClass(malloc_fixedsize), \
+                                %(adescr.basesize + 10 * adescr.itemsize)d, \
+                                descr=malloc_fixedsize_descr)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 10, descr=alendescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_new_array_variable(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            [i1]
+            p0 = new_array(i1, descr=adescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [i1]
+            p0 = call_malloc_gc(ConstClass(malloc_array),   \
+                                %(adescr.basesize)d,        \
+                                i1,                         \
+                                %(adescr.itemsize)d,        \
+                                %(adescr.lendescr.offset)d, \
+                                descr=malloc_array_descr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_new_with_vtable(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            []
+            p0 = new_with_vtable(ConstClass(o_vtable))
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [p1]
+            p0 = call_malloc_gc(ConstClass(malloc_fixedsize), 102, \
+                                descr=malloc_fixedsize_descr)
+            setfield_gc(p0, ConstClass(o_vtable), descr=vtable_descr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_newstr(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            [i1]
+            p0 = newstr(i1)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [i1]
+            p0 = call_malloc_gc(ConstClass(malloc_array), \
+                                %(strdescr.basesize)d,    \
+                                i1,                       \
+                                %(strdescr.itemsize)d,    \
+                                %(strlendescr.offset)d,   \
+                                descr=malloc_array_descr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_newunicode(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            [i1]
+            p0 = newunicode(10)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [i1]
+            p0 = call_malloc_gc(ConstClass(malloc_fixedsize),   \
+                                %(unicodedescr.basesize +       \
+                                  10 * unicodedescr.itemsize)d, \
+                                descr=malloc_fixedsize_descr)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 10, descr=unicodelendescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+
+class TestFramework(RewriteTests):
+    def setup_method(self, meth):
+        class config_(object):
+            class translation(object):
+                gc = 'hybrid'
+                gcrootfinder = 'asmgcc'
+                gctransformer = 'framework'
+                gcremovetypeptr = False
+        gcdescr = get_description(config_)
+        self.gc_ll_descr = GcLLDescr_framework(gcdescr, None, None, None,
+                                               really_not_translated=True)
+        self.gc_ll_descr.write_barrier_descr.has_write_barrier_from_array = (
+            lambda cpu: True)
+        #
+        class FakeCPU(object):
+            def sizeof(self, STRUCT):
+                descr = SizeDescrWithVTable(102)
+                descr.tid = 9315
+                return descr
+        self.cpu = FakeCPU()
+
+    def test_rewrite_assembler_new_to_malloc(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            [p1]
+            p0 = new(descr=sdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [p1]
+            p0 = call_malloc_nursery(%(sdescr.size)d)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 1234, descr=tiddescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_rewrite_assembler_new3_to_malloc(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            []
+            p0 = new(descr=sdescr)
+            p1 = new(descr=tdescr)
+            p2 = new(descr=sdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            []
+            p0 = call_malloc_nursery(   \
+                               %(sdescr.size + tdescr.size + sdescr.size)d)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 1234, descr=tiddescr)
+            p1 = int_add(p0, %(sdescr.size)d)
+            setfield_gc(p1, 5678, descr=tiddescr)
+            p2 = int_add(p1, %(tdescr.size)d)
+            setfield_gc(p2, 1234, descr=tiddescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_rewrite_assembler_new_array_fixed_to_malloc(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            []
+            p0 = new_array(10, descr=adescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            []
+            p0 = call_malloc_nursery(    \
+                                %(adescr.basesize + 10 * adescr.itemsize)d)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 4321, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 10, descr=alendescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_rewrite_assembler_new_and_new_array_fixed_to_malloc(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            []
+            p0 = new(descr=sdescr)
+            p1 = new_array(10, descr=adescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            []
+            p0 = call_malloc_nursery(                                  \
+                                %(sdescr.size +                        \
+                                  adescr.basesize + 10 * adescr.itemsize)d)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 1234, descr=tiddescr)
+            p1 = int_add(p0, %(sdescr.size)d)
+            setfield_gc(p1, 4321, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p1, 10, descr=alendescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_rewrite_assembler_round_up(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            []
+            p0 = new_array(6, descr=bdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            []
+            p0 = call_malloc_nursery(%(bdescr.basesize + 8)d)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 8765, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 6, descr=blendescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_rewrite_assembler_round_up_always(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            []
+            p0 = new_array(5, descr=bdescr)
+            p1 = new_array(5, descr=bdescr)
+            p2 = new_array(5, descr=bdescr)
+            p3 = new_array(5, descr=bdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            []
+            p0 = call_malloc_nursery(%(4 * (bdescr.basesize + 8))d)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 8765, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 5, descr=blendescr)
+            p1 = int_add(p0, %(bdescr.basesize + 8)d)
+            setfield_gc(p1, 8765, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p1, 5, descr=blendescr)
+            p2 = int_add(p1, %(bdescr.basesize + 8)d)
+            setfield_gc(p2, 8765, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p2, 5, descr=blendescr)
+            p3 = int_add(p2, %(bdescr.basesize + 8)d)
+            setfield_gc(p3, 8765, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p3, 5, descr=blendescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_rewrite_assembler_minimal_size(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            []
+            p0 = new(descr=edescr)
+            p1 = new(descr=edescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            []
+            p0 = call_malloc_nursery(%(4*WORD)d)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 9000, descr=tiddescr)
+            p1 = int_add(p0, %(2*WORD)d)
+            setfield_gc(p1, 9000, descr=tiddescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_rewrite_assembler_variable_size(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            [i0]
+            p0 = new_array(i0, descr=bdescr)
+            jump(i0)
+        """, """
+            [i0]
+            p0 = call_malloc_gc(ConstClass(malloc_array), 1,  \
+                                %(bdescr.tid)d, i0,           \
+                                descr=malloc_array_descr)
+            jump(i0)
+        """)
+
+    def test_rewrite_assembler_nonstandard_array(self):
+        # a non-standard array is a bit hard to get; e.g. GcArray(Float)
+        # is like that on Win32, but not on Linux.  Build one manually...
+        NONSTD = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Float)
+        nonstd_descr = get_array_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, NONSTD)
+        nonstd_descr.tid = 6464
+        nonstd_descr.basesize = 64      # <= hacked
+        nonstd_descr.itemsize = 8
+        nonstd_descr_gcref = 123
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            [i0]
+            p0 = new_array(i0, descr=nonstd_descr)
+            jump(i0)
+        """, """
+            [i0]
+            p0 = call_malloc_gc(ConstClass(malloc_array_nonstandard), \
+                                64, 8,                                \
+                                %(nonstd_descr.lendescr.offset)d,     \
+                                6464, i0,                             \
+                                descr=malloc_array_nonstandard_descr)
+            jump(i0)
+        """, nonstd_descr=nonstd_descr)
+
+    def test_rewrite_assembler_maximal_size_1(self):
+        self.gc_ll_descr.max_size_of_young_obj = 100
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            []
+            p0 = new_array(103, descr=bdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            []
+            p0 = call_malloc_gc(ConstClass(malloc_fixedsize), \
+                                %(bdescr.basesize + 104)d,    \
+                                descr=malloc_fixedsize_descr)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 8765, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 103, descr=blendescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_rewrite_assembler_maximal_size_2(self):
+        self.gc_ll_descr.max_size_of_young_obj = 300
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            []
+            p0 = new_array(101, descr=bdescr)
+            p1 = new_array(102, descr=bdescr)  # two new_arrays can be combined
+            p2 = new_array(103, descr=bdescr)  # but not all three
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            []
+            p0 = call_malloc_nursery(    \
+                              %(2 * (bdescr.basesize + 104))d)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 8765, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 101, descr=blendescr)
+            p1 = int_add(p0, %(bdescr.basesize + 104)d)
+            setfield_gc(p1, 8765, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p1, 102, descr=blendescr)
+            p2 = call_malloc_nursery(    \
+                              %(bdescr.basesize + 104)d)
+            setfield_gc(p2, 8765, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p2, 103, descr=blendescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_rewrite_assembler_huge_size(self):
+        # "huge" is defined as "larger than 0xffffff bytes, or 16MB"
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            []
+            p0 = new_array(20000000, descr=bdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            []
+            p0 = call_malloc_gc(ConstClass(malloc_array), 1, \
+                                %(bdescr.tid)d, 20000000,    \
+                                descr=malloc_array_descr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_new_with_vtable(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            []
+            p0 = new_with_vtable(ConstClass(o_vtable))
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [p1]
+            p0 = call_malloc_nursery(104)      # rounded up
+            setfield_gc(p0, 9315, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p0, ConstClass(o_vtable), descr=vtable_descr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_new_with_vtable_too_big(self):
+        self.gc_ll_descr.max_size_of_young_obj = 100
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            []
+            p0 = new_with_vtable(ConstClass(o_vtable))
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [p1]
+            p0 = call_malloc_gc(ConstClass(malloc_fixedsize), 104, \
+                                descr=malloc_fixedsize_descr)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 9315, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p0, ConstClass(o_vtable), descr=vtable_descr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_rewrite_assembler_newstr_newunicode(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            [i2]
+            p0 = newstr(14)
+            p1 = newunicode(10)
+            p2 = newunicode(i2)
+            p3 = newstr(i2)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [i2]
+            p0 = call_malloc_nursery(                                \
+                      %(strdescr.basesize + 16 * strdescr.itemsize + \
+                        unicodedescr.basesize + 10 * unicodedescr.itemsize)d)
+            setfield_gc(p0, %(strdescr.tid)d, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 14, descr=strlendescr)
+            p1 = int_add(p0, %(strdescr.basesize + 16 * strdescr.itemsize)d)
+            setfield_gc(p1, %(unicodedescr.tid)d, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p1, 10, descr=unicodelendescr)
+            p2 = call_malloc_gc(ConstClass(malloc_unicode), i2, \
+                                descr=malloc_unicode_descr)
+            p3 = call_malloc_gc(ConstClass(malloc_str), i2, \
+                                descr=malloc_str_descr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_write_barrier_before_setfield_gc(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            [p1, p2]
+            setfield_gc(p1, p2, descr=tzdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [p1, p2]
+            cond_call_gc_wb(p1, p2, descr=wbdescr)
+            setfield_raw(p1, p2, descr=tzdescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_write_barrier_before_array_without_from_array(self):
+        self.gc_ll_descr.write_barrier_descr.has_write_barrier_from_array = (
+            lambda cpu: False)
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            [p1, i2, p3]
+            setarrayitem_gc(p1, i2, p3, descr=cdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [p1, i2, p3]
+            cond_call_gc_wb(p1, p3, descr=wbdescr)
+            setarrayitem_raw(p1, i2, p3, descr=cdescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_write_barrier_before_short_array(self):
+        self.gc_ll_descr.max_size_of_young_obj = 2000
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            [i2, p3]
+            p1 = new_array(129, descr=cdescr)
+            call(123456)
+            setarrayitem_gc(p1, i2, p3, descr=cdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [i2, p3]
+            p1 = call_malloc_nursery(    \
+                                %(cdescr.basesize + 129 * cdescr.itemsize)d)
+            setfield_gc(p1, 8111, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p1, 129, descr=clendescr)
+            call(123456)
+            cond_call_gc_wb(p1, p3, descr=wbdescr)
+            setarrayitem_raw(p1, i2, p3, descr=cdescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_write_barrier_before_long_array(self):
+        # the limit of "being too long" is fixed, arbitrarily, at 130
+        self.gc_ll_descr.max_size_of_young_obj = 2000
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            [i2, p3]
+            p1 = new_array(130, descr=cdescr)
+            call(123456)
+            setarrayitem_gc(p1, i2, p3, descr=cdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [i2, p3]
+            p1 = call_malloc_nursery(    \
+                                %(cdescr.basesize + 130 * cdescr.itemsize)d)
+            setfield_gc(p1, 8111, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p1, 130, descr=clendescr)
+            call(123456)
+            cond_call_gc_wb_array(p1, i2, p3, descr=wbdescr)
+            setarrayitem_raw(p1, i2, p3, descr=cdescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_write_barrier_before_unknown_array(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            [p1, i2, p3]
+            setarrayitem_gc(p1, i2, p3, descr=cdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [p1, i2, p3]
+            cond_call_gc_wb_array(p1, i2, p3, descr=wbdescr)
+            setarrayitem_raw(p1, i2, p3, descr=cdescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_label_makes_size_unknown(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            [i2, p3]
+            p1 = new_array(5, descr=cdescr)
+            label(p1, i2, p3)
+            setarrayitem_gc(p1, i2, p3, descr=cdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [i2, p3]
+            p1 = call_malloc_nursery(    \
+                                %(cdescr.basesize + 5 * cdescr.itemsize)d)
+            setfield_gc(p1, 8111, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p1, 5, descr=clendescr)
+            label(p1, i2, p3)
+            cond_call_gc_wb_array(p1, i2, p3, descr=wbdescr)
+            setarrayitem_raw(p1, i2, p3, descr=cdescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_write_barrier_before_setinteriorfield_gc(self):
+        S1 = lltype.GcStruct('S1')
+        INTERIOR = lltype.GcArray(('z', lltype.Ptr(S1)))
+        interiordescr = get_array_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, INTERIOR)
+        interiordescr.tid = 1291
+        interiorlendescr = interiordescr.lendescr
+        interiorzdescr = get_interiorfield_descr(self.gc_ll_descr,
+                                                 INTERIOR, 'z')
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            [p1, p2]
+            setinteriorfield_gc(p1, 0, p2, descr=interiorzdescr)
+            jump(p1, p2)
+        """, """
+            [p1, p2]
+            cond_call_gc_wb(p1, p2, descr=wbdescr)
+            setinteriorfield_raw(p1, 0, p2, descr=interiorzdescr)
+            jump(p1, p2)
+        """, interiorzdescr=interiorzdescr)
+
+    def test_initialization_store(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            [p1]
+            p0 = new(descr=tdescr)
+            setfield_gc(p0, p1, descr=tzdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [p1]
+            p0 = call_malloc_nursery(%(tdescr.size)d)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 5678, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p0, p1, descr=tzdescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_initialization_store_2(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            []
+            p0 = new(descr=tdescr)
+            p1 = new(descr=sdescr)
+            setfield_gc(p0, p1, descr=tzdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            []
+            p0 = call_malloc_nursery(%(tdescr.size + sdescr.size)d)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 5678, descr=tiddescr)
+            p1 = int_add(p0, %(tdescr.size)d)
+            setfield_gc(p1, 1234, descr=tiddescr)
+            # <<<no cond_call_gc_wb here>>>
+            setfield_gc(p0, p1, descr=tzdescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_initialization_store_array(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            [p1, i2]
+            p0 = new_array(5, descr=cdescr)
+            setarrayitem_gc(p0, i2, p1, descr=cdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [p1, i2]
+            p0 = call_malloc_nursery(    \
+                                %(cdescr.basesize + 5 * cdescr.itemsize)d)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 8111, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 5, descr=clendescr)
+            setarrayitem_gc(p0, i2, p1, descr=cdescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_non_initialization_store(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            [i0]
+            p0 = new(descr=tdescr)
+            p1 = newstr(i0)
+            setfield_gc(p0, p1, descr=tzdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [i0]
+            p0 = call_malloc_nursery(%(tdescr.size)d)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 5678, descr=tiddescr)
+            p1 = call_malloc_gc(ConstClass(malloc_str), i0, \
+                                descr=malloc_str_descr)
+            cond_call_gc_wb(p0, p1, descr=wbdescr)
+            setfield_raw(p0, p1, descr=tzdescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_non_initialization_store_label(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            [p1]
+            p0 = new(descr=tdescr)
+            label(p0, p1)
+            setfield_gc(p0, p1, descr=tzdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [p1]
+            p0 = call_malloc_nursery(%(tdescr.size)d)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 5678, descr=tiddescr)
+            label(p0, p1)
+            cond_call_gc_wb(p0, p1, descr=wbdescr)
+            setfield_raw(p0, p1, descr=tzdescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/test/runner_test.py b/pypy/jit/backend/test/runner_test.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/test/runner_test.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/test/runner_test.py
@@ -2930,6 +2930,8 @@
         # overflowing value:
         fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, sys.maxint // 4 + 1)
         assert fail.identifier == excdescr.identifier
+        exc = self.cpu.grab_exc_value()
+        assert exc == "memoryerror!"
 
     def test_compile_loop_with_target(self):
         i0 = BoxInt()
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/assembler.py b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/assembler.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/assembler.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/assembler.py
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
 from pypy.jit.codewriter.effectinfo import EffectInfo
 from pypy.jit.codewriter import longlong
 from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import intmask
+from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import compute_unique_id
 
 # darwin requires the stack to be 16 bytes aligned on calls. Same for gcc 4.5.0,
 # better safe than sorry
@@ -58,7 +59,8 @@
         self.is_guard_not_invalidated = is_guard_not_invalidated
 
 DEBUG_COUNTER = lltype.Struct('DEBUG_COUNTER', ('i', lltype.Signed),
-                              ('bridge', lltype.Signed), # 0 or 1
+                              ('type', lltype.Char), # 'b'ridge, 'l'abel or
+                                                     # 'e'ntry point
                               ('number', lltype.Signed))
 
 class Assembler386(object):
@@ -70,10 +72,6 @@
         self.cpu = cpu
         self.verbose = False
         self.rtyper = cpu.rtyper
-        self.malloc_func_addr = 0
-        self.malloc_array_func_addr = 0
-        self.malloc_str_func_addr = 0
-        self.malloc_unicode_func_addr = 0
         self.fail_boxes_int = values_array(lltype.Signed, failargs_limit)
         self.fail_boxes_ptr = values_array(llmemory.GCREF, failargs_limit)
         self.fail_boxes_float = values_array(longlong.FLOATSTORAGE,
@@ -108,20 +106,6 @@
         # the address of the function called by 'new'
         gc_ll_descr = self.cpu.gc_ll_descr
         gc_ll_descr.initialize()
-        ll_new = gc_ll_descr.get_funcptr_for_new()
-        self.malloc_func_addr = rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, ll_new)
-        if gc_ll_descr.get_funcptr_for_newarray is not None:
-            ll_new_array = gc_ll_descr.get_funcptr_for_newarray()
-            self.malloc_array_func_addr = rffi.cast(lltype.Signed,
-                                                    ll_new_array)
-        if gc_ll_descr.get_funcptr_for_newstr is not None:
-            ll_new_str = gc_ll_descr.get_funcptr_for_newstr()
-            self.malloc_str_func_addr = rffi.cast(lltype.Signed,
-                                                  ll_new_str)
-        if gc_ll_descr.get_funcptr_for_newunicode is not None:
-            ll_new_unicode = gc_ll_descr.get_funcptr_for_newunicode()
-            self.malloc_unicode_func_addr = rffi.cast(lltype.Signed,
-                                                      ll_new_unicode)
         self.memcpy_addr = self.cpu.cast_ptr_to_int(support.memcpy_fn)
         self._build_failure_recovery(False)
         self._build_failure_recovery(True)
@@ -165,12 +149,15 @@
     def finish_once(self):
         if self._debug:
             debug_start('jit-backend-counts')
-            for struct in self.loop_run_counters:
-                if struct.bridge:
-                    prefix = 'bridge '
+            for i in range(len(self.loop_run_counters)):
+                struct = self.loop_run_counters[i]
+                if struct.type == 'l':
+                    prefix = 'TargetToken(%d)' % struct.number
+                elif struct.type == 'b':
+                    prefix = 'bridge ' + str(struct.number)
                 else:
-                    prefix = 'loop '
-                debug_print(prefix + str(struct.number) + ':' + str(struct.i))
+                    prefix = 'entry ' + str(struct.number)
+                debug_print(prefix + ':' + str(struct.i))
             debug_stop('jit-backend-counts')
 
     def _build_float_constants(self):
@@ -275,7 +262,8 @@
         #
         self.mc = codebuf.MachineCodeBlockWrapper()
         # call on_leave_jitted_save_exc()
-        addr = self.cpu.get_on_leave_jitted_int(save_exception=True)
+        addr = self.cpu.get_on_leave_jitted_int(save_exception=True,
+                                                default_to_memoryerror=True)
         self.mc.CALL(imm(addr))
         self.mc.MOV_ri(eax.value, self.cpu.propagate_exception_v)
         self._call_footer()
@@ -439,8 +427,8 @@
 
         self.setup(looptoken)
         if log:
-            self._register_counter(False, looptoken.number)
-            operations = self._inject_debugging_code(looptoken, operations)
+            operations = self._inject_debugging_code(looptoken, operations,
+                                                     'e', looptoken.number)
 
         regalloc = RegAlloc(self, self.cpu.translate_support_code)
         #
@@ -506,8 +494,8 @@
 
         self.setup(original_loop_token)
         if log:
-            self._register_counter(True, descr_number)
-            operations = self._inject_debugging_code(faildescr, operations)
+            operations = self._inject_debugging_code(faildescr, operations,
+                                                     'b', descr_number)
 
         arglocs = self.rebuild_faillocs_from_descr(failure_recovery)
         if not we_are_translated():
@@ -614,17 +602,21 @@
         return self.mc.materialize(self.cpu.asmmemmgr, allblocks,
                                    self.cpu.gc_ll_descr.gcrootmap)
 
-    def _register_counter(self, bridge, number):
-        if self._debug:
-            # YYY very minor leak -- we need the counters to stay alive
-            # forever, just because we want to report them at the end
-            # of the process
-            struct = lltype.malloc(DEBUG_COUNTER, flavor='raw',
-                                   track_allocation=False)
-            struct.i = 0
-            struct.bridge = int(bridge)
+    def _register_counter(self, tp, number, token):
+        # YYY very minor leak -- we need the counters to stay alive
+        # forever, just because we want to report them at the end
+        # of the process
+        struct = lltype.malloc(DEBUG_COUNTER, flavor='raw',
+                               track_allocation=False)
+        struct.i = 0
+        struct.type = tp
+        if tp == 'b' or tp == 'e':
             struct.number = number
-            self.loop_run_counters.append(struct)
+        else:
+            assert token
+            struct.number = compute_unique_id(token)
+        self.loop_run_counters.append(struct)            
+        return struct
 
     def _find_failure_recovery_bytecode(self, faildescr):
         adr_jump_offset = faildescr._x86_adr_jump_offset
@@ -668,27 +660,36 @@
             targettoken._x86_loop_code += rawstart
         self.target_tokens_currently_compiling = None
 
+    def _append_debugging_code(self, operations, tp, number, token):
+        counter = self._register_counter(tp, number, token)
+        c_adr = ConstInt(rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, counter))
+        box = BoxInt()
+        box2 = BoxInt()
+        ops = [ResOperation(rop.GETFIELD_RAW, [c_adr],
+                            box, descr=self.debug_counter_descr),
+               ResOperation(rop.INT_ADD, [box, ConstInt(1)], box2),
+               ResOperation(rop.SETFIELD_RAW, [c_adr, box2],
+                            None, descr=self.debug_counter_descr)]
+        operations.extend(ops)
+        
     @specialize.argtype(1)
-    def _inject_debugging_code(self, looptoken, operations):
+    def _inject_debugging_code(self, looptoken, operations, tp, number):
         if self._debug:
             # before doing anything, let's increase a counter
             s = 0
             for op in operations:
                 s += op.getopnum()
             looptoken._x86_debug_checksum = s
-            c_adr = ConstInt(rffi.cast(lltype.Signed,
-                                       self.loop_run_counters[-1]))
-            box = BoxInt()
-            box2 = BoxInt()
-            ops = [ResOperation(rop.GETFIELD_RAW, [c_adr],
-                                box, descr=self.debug_counter_descr),
-                   ResOperation(rop.INT_ADD, [box, ConstInt(1)], box2),
-                   ResOperation(rop.SETFIELD_RAW, [c_adr, box2],
-                                None, descr=self.debug_counter_descr)]
-            if operations[0].getopnum() == rop.LABEL:
-                operations = [operations[0]] + ops + operations[1:]
-            else:
-                operations =  ops + operations
+
+            newoperations = []
+            self._append_debugging_code(newoperations, tp, number,
+                                        None)
+            for op in operations:
+                newoperations.append(op)
+                if op.getopnum() == rop.LABEL:
+                    self._append_debugging_code(newoperations, 'l', number,
+                                                op.getdescr())
+            operations = newoperations
         return operations
 
     def _assemble(self, regalloc, operations):
@@ -865,8 +866,8 @@
         high_part = rffi.cast(rffi.CArrayPtr(rffi.INT), from_loc.value)[1]
         low_part  = intmask(low_part)
         high_part = intmask(high_part)
-        self.mc.MOV_bi(to_loc.value,     low_part)
-        self.mc.MOV_bi(to_loc.value + 4, high_part)
+        self.mc.MOV32_bi(to_loc.value,     low_part)
+        self.mc.MOV32_bi(to_loc.value + 4, high_part)
 
     def regalloc_perform(self, op, arglocs, resloc):
         genop_list[op.getopnum()](self, op, arglocs, resloc)
@@ -1357,46 +1358,10 @@
         self.mc.SHR_ri(resloc.value, 7)
         self.mc.AND_ri(resloc.value, 1)
 
-    def genop_new_with_vtable(self, op, arglocs, result_loc):
-        assert result_loc is eax
-        loc_vtable = arglocs[-1]
-        assert isinstance(loc_vtable, ImmedLoc)
-        arglocs = arglocs[:-1]
-        self.call(self.malloc_func_addr, arglocs, eax)
-        self.propagate_memoryerror_if_eax_is_null()
-        self.set_vtable(eax, loc_vtable)
+    # ----------
 
-    def set_vtable(self, loc, loc_vtable):
-        if self.cpu.vtable_offset is not None:
-            assert isinstance(loc, RegLoc)
-            assert isinstance(loc_vtable, ImmedLoc)
-            self.mc.MOV(mem(loc, self.cpu.vtable_offset), loc_vtable)
-
-    def set_new_array_length(self, loc, ofs_length, loc_num_elem):
-        assert isinstance(loc, RegLoc)
-        assert isinstance(loc_num_elem, ImmedLoc)
-        self.mc.MOV(mem(loc, ofs_length), loc_num_elem)
-
-    # XXX genop_new is abused for all varsized mallocs with Boehm, for now
-    # (instead of genop_new_array, genop_newstr, genop_newunicode)
-    def genop_new(self, op, arglocs, result_loc):
-        assert result_loc is eax
-        self.call(self.malloc_func_addr, arglocs, eax)
-        self.propagate_memoryerror_if_eax_is_null()
-
-    def genop_new_array(self, op, arglocs, result_loc):
-        assert result_loc is eax
-        self.call(self.malloc_array_func_addr, arglocs, eax)
-        self.propagate_memoryerror_if_eax_is_null()
-
-    def genop_newstr(self, op, arglocs, result_loc):
-        assert result_loc is eax
-        self.call(self.malloc_str_func_addr, arglocs, eax)
-        self.propagate_memoryerror_if_eax_is_null()
-
-    def genop_newunicode(self, op, arglocs, result_loc):
-        assert result_loc is eax
-        self.call(self.malloc_unicode_func_addr, arglocs, eax)
+    def genop_call_malloc_gc(self, op, arglocs, result_loc):
+        self.genop_call(op, arglocs, result_loc)
         self.propagate_memoryerror_if_eax_is_null()
 
     def propagate_memoryerror_if_eax_is_null(self):
@@ -2065,6 +2030,8 @@
         self._genop_call(op, arglocs, resloc, force_index)
 
     def _genop_call(self, op, arglocs, resloc, force_index):
+        from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import CallDescr
+
         sizeloc = arglocs[0]
         assert isinstance(sizeloc, ImmedLoc)
         size = sizeloc.value
@@ -2079,13 +2046,16 @@
         else:
             tmp = eax
 
+        descr = op.getdescr()
+        assert isinstance(descr, CallDescr)
+
         self._emit_call(force_index, x, arglocs, 3, tmp=tmp,
-                        argtypes=op.getdescr().get_arg_types(),
-                        callconv=op.getdescr().get_call_conv())
+                        argtypes=descr.get_arg_types(),
+                        callconv=descr.get_call_conv())
 
         if IS_X86_32 and isinstance(resloc, StackLoc) and resloc.type == FLOAT:
             # a float or a long long return
-            if op.getdescr().get_return_type() == 'L':
+            if descr.get_result_type() == 'L':
                 self.mc.MOV_br(resloc.value, eax.value)      # long long
                 self.mc.MOV_br(resloc.value + 4, edx.value)
                 # XXX should ideally not move the result on the stack,
@@ -2094,7 +2064,7 @@
                 #     can just be always a stack location
             else:
                 self.mc.FSTPL_b(resloc.value)   # float return
-        elif op.getdescr().get_return_type() == 'S':
+        elif descr.get_result_type() == 'S':
             # singlefloat return
             assert resloc is eax
             if IS_X86_32:
@@ -2292,9 +2262,9 @@
         #
         # Reset the vable token --- XXX really too much special logic here:-(
         if jd.index_of_virtualizable >= 0:
-            from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import BaseFieldDescr
+            from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import FieldDescr
             fielddescr = jd.vable_token_descr
-            assert isinstance(fielddescr, BaseFieldDescr)
+            assert isinstance(fielddescr, FieldDescr)
             ofs = fielddescr.offset
             self.mc.MOV(eax, arglocs[1])
             self.mc.MOV_mi((eax.value, ofs), 0)
@@ -2497,9 +2467,8 @@
         else:
             self.mc.JMP(imm(target))
 
-    def malloc_cond(self, nursery_free_adr, nursery_top_adr, size, tid):
-        size = max(size, self.cpu.gc_ll_descr.minimal_size_in_nursery)
-        size = (size + WORD-1) & ~(WORD-1)     # round up
+    def malloc_cond(self, nursery_free_adr, nursery_top_adr, size):
+        assert size & (WORD-1) == 0     # must be correctly aligned
         self.mc.MOV(eax, heap(nursery_free_adr))
         self.mc.LEA_rm(edx.value, (eax.value, size))
         self.mc.CMP(edx, heap(nursery_top_adr))
@@ -2535,9 +2504,6 @@
         offset = self.mc.get_relative_pos() - jmp_adr
         assert 0 < offset <= 127
         self.mc.overwrite(jmp_adr-1, chr(offset))
-        # on 64-bits, 'tid' is a value that fits in 31 bits
-        assert rx86.fits_in_32bits(tid)
-        self.mc.MOV_mi((eax.value, 0), tid)
         self.mc.MOV(heap(nursery_free_adr), edx)
 
 genop_discard_list = [Assembler386.not_implemented_op_discard] * rop._LAST
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/jump.py b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/jump.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/jump.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/jump.py
@@ -17,7 +17,10 @@
         key = src._getregkey()
         if key in srccount:
             if key == dst_locations[i]._getregkey():
-                srccount[key] = -sys.maxint     # ignore a move "x = x"
+                # ignore a move "x = x"
+                # setting any "large enough" negative value is ok, but
+                # be careful of overflows, don't use -sys.maxint
+                srccount[key] = -len(dst_locations) - 1
                 pending_dests -= 1
             else:
                 srccount[key] += 1
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/regalloc.py b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/regalloc.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/regalloc.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/regalloc.py
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 from pypy.jit.codewriter import heaptracker, longlong
 from pypy.jit.codewriter.effectinfo import EffectInfo
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.resoperation import rop
-from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import BaseFieldDescr, BaseArrayDescr
-from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import BaseCallDescr, BaseSizeDescr
+from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import FieldDescr, ArrayDescr
+from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import CallDescr, SizeDescr
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import InteriorFieldDescr
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.regalloc import FrameManager, RegisterManager,\
      TempBox
@@ -870,9 +870,9 @@
 
     def _consider_call(self, op, guard_not_forced_op=None):
         calldescr = op.getdescr()
-        assert isinstance(calldescr, BaseCallDescr)
+        assert isinstance(calldescr, CallDescr)
         assert len(calldescr.arg_classes) == op.numargs() - 1
-        size = calldescr.get_result_size(self.translate_support_code)
+        size = calldescr.get_result_size()
         sign = calldescr.is_result_signed()
         if sign:
             sign_loc = imm1
@@ -917,12 +917,15 @@
 
     consider_call_release_gil = consider_call_may_force
 
+    def consider_call_malloc_gc(self, op):
+        self._consider_call(op)
+
     def consider_call_assembler(self, op, guard_op):
         descr = op.getdescr()
         assert isinstance(descr, JitCellToken)
         jd = descr.outermost_jitdriver_sd
         assert jd is not None
-        size = jd.portal_calldescr.get_result_size(self.translate_support_code)
+        size = jd.portal_calldescr.get_result_size()
         vable_index = jd.index_of_virtualizable
         if vable_index >= 0:
             self.rm._sync_var(op.getarg(vable_index))
@@ -957,21 +960,10 @@
 
     consider_cond_call_gc_wb_array = consider_cond_call_gc_wb
 
-    def fastpath_malloc_fixedsize(self, op, descr):
-        assert isinstance(descr, BaseSizeDescr)
-        self._do_fastpath_malloc(op, descr.size, descr.tid)
-
-    def fastpath_malloc_varsize(self, op, arraydescr, num_elem):
-        assert isinstance(arraydescr, BaseArrayDescr)
-        ofs_length = arraydescr.get_ofs_length(self.translate_support_code)
-        basesize = arraydescr.get_base_size(self.translate_support_code)
-        itemsize = arraydescr.get_item_size(self.translate_support_code)
-        size = basesize + itemsize * num_elem
-        self._do_fastpath_malloc(op, size, arraydescr.tid)
-        self.assembler.set_new_array_length(eax, ofs_length, imm(num_elem))
-
-    def _do_fastpath_malloc(self, op, size, tid):
-        gc_ll_descr = self.assembler.cpu.gc_ll_descr
+    def consider_call_malloc_nursery(self, op):
+        size_box = op.getarg(0)
+        assert isinstance(size_box, ConstInt)
+        size = size_box.getint()
         self.rm.force_allocate_reg(op.result, selected_reg=eax)
         #
         # We need edx as a temporary, but otherwise don't save any more
@@ -980,86 +972,39 @@
         self.rm.force_allocate_reg(tmp_box, selected_reg=edx)
         self.rm.possibly_free_var(tmp_box)
         #
+        gc_ll_descr = self.assembler.cpu.gc_ll_descr
         self.assembler.malloc_cond(
             gc_ll_descr.get_nursery_free_addr(),
             gc_ll_descr.get_nursery_top_addr(),
-            size, tid,
-            )
-
-    def consider_new(self, op):
-        gc_ll_descr = self.assembler.cpu.gc_ll_descr
-        if gc_ll_descr.can_inline_malloc(op.getdescr()):
-            self.fastpath_malloc_fixedsize(op, op.getdescr())
-        else:
-            args = gc_ll_descr.args_for_new(op.getdescr())
-            arglocs = [imm(x) for x in args]
-            return self._call(op, arglocs)
-
-    def consider_new_with_vtable(self, op):
-        classint = op.getarg(0).getint()
-        descrsize = heaptracker.vtable2descr(self.assembler.cpu, classint)
-        if self.assembler.cpu.gc_ll_descr.can_inline_malloc(descrsize):
-            self.fastpath_malloc_fixedsize(op, descrsize)
-            self.assembler.set_vtable(eax, imm(classint))
-            # result of fastpath malloc is in eax
-        else:
-            args = self.assembler.cpu.gc_ll_descr.args_for_new(descrsize)
-            arglocs = [imm(x) for x in args]
-            arglocs.append(self.loc(op.getarg(0)))
-            return self._call(op, arglocs)
-
-    def consider_newstr(self, op):
-        loc = self.loc(op.getarg(0))
-        return self._call(op, [loc])
-
-    def consider_newunicode(self, op):
-        loc = self.loc(op.getarg(0))
-        return self._call(op, [loc])
-
-    def consider_new_array(self, op):
-        gc_ll_descr = self.assembler.cpu.gc_ll_descr
-        box_num_elem = op.getarg(0)
-        if isinstance(box_num_elem, ConstInt):
-            num_elem = box_num_elem.value
-            if gc_ll_descr.can_inline_malloc_varsize(op.getdescr(),
-                                                     num_elem):
-                self.fastpath_malloc_varsize(op, op.getdescr(), num_elem)
-                return
-        args = self.assembler.cpu.gc_ll_descr.args_for_new_array(
-            op.getdescr())
-        arglocs = [imm(x) for x in args]
-        arglocs.append(self.loc(box_num_elem))
-        self._call(op, arglocs)
+            size)
 
     def _unpack_arraydescr(self, arraydescr):
-        assert isinstance(arraydescr, BaseArrayDescr)
-        ofs_length = arraydescr.get_ofs_length(self.translate_support_code)
-        ofs = arraydescr.get_base_size(self.translate_support_code)
-        size = arraydescr.get_item_size(self.translate_support_code)
-        ptr = arraydescr.is_array_of_pointers()
+        assert isinstance(arraydescr, ArrayDescr)
+        ofs = arraydescr.basesize
+        size = arraydescr.itemsize
         sign = arraydescr.is_item_signed()
-        return size, ofs, ofs_length, ptr, sign
+        return size, ofs, sign
 
     def _unpack_fielddescr(self, fielddescr):
-        assert isinstance(fielddescr, BaseFieldDescr)
+        assert isinstance(fielddescr, FieldDescr)
         ofs = fielddescr.offset
-        size = fielddescr.get_field_size(self.translate_support_code)
-        ptr = fielddescr.is_pointer_field()
+        size = fielddescr.field_size
         sign = fielddescr.is_field_signed()
-        return imm(ofs), imm(size), ptr, sign
+        return imm(ofs), imm(size), sign
+    _unpack_fielddescr._always_inline_ = True
 
     def _unpack_interiorfielddescr(self, descr):
         assert isinstance(descr, InteriorFieldDescr)
         arraydescr = descr.arraydescr
-        ofs = arraydescr.get_base_size(self.translate_support_code)
-        itemsize = arraydescr.get_item_size(self.translate_support_code)
-        fieldsize = descr.fielddescr.get_field_size(self.translate_support_code)
+        ofs = arraydescr.basesize
+        itemsize = arraydescr.itemsize
+        fieldsize = descr.fielddescr.field_size
         sign = descr.fielddescr.is_field_signed()
         ofs += descr.fielddescr.offset
         return imm(ofs), imm(itemsize), imm(fieldsize), sign
 
     def consider_setfield_gc(self, op):
-        ofs_loc, size_loc, _, _ = self._unpack_fielddescr(op.getdescr())
+        ofs_loc, size_loc, _ = self._unpack_fielddescr(op.getdescr())
         assert isinstance(size_loc, ImmedLoc)
         if size_loc.value == 1:
             need_lower_byte = True
@@ -1117,7 +1062,7 @@
     consider_unicodesetitem = consider_strsetitem
 
     def consider_setarrayitem_gc(self, op):
-        itemsize, ofs, _, _, _ = self._unpack_arraydescr(op.getdescr())
+        itemsize, ofs, _ = self._unpack_arraydescr(op.getdescr())
         args = op.getarglist()
         base_loc  = self.rm.make_sure_var_in_reg(op.getarg(0), args)
         if itemsize == 1:
@@ -1134,7 +1079,7 @@
     consider_setarrayitem_raw = consider_setarrayitem_gc
 
     def consider_getfield_gc(self, op):
-        ofs_loc, size_loc, _, sign = self._unpack_fielddescr(op.getdescr())
+        ofs_loc, size_loc, sign = self._unpack_fielddescr(op.getdescr())
         args = op.getarglist()
         base_loc = self.rm.make_sure_var_in_reg(op.getarg(0), args)
         self.rm.possibly_free_vars(args)
@@ -1150,7 +1095,7 @@
     consider_getfield_gc_pure = consider_getfield_gc
 
     def consider_getarrayitem_gc(self, op):
-        itemsize, ofs, _, _, sign = self._unpack_arraydescr(op.getdescr())
+        itemsize, ofs, sign = self._unpack_arraydescr(op.getdescr())
         args = op.getarglist()
         base_loc = self.rm.make_sure_var_in_reg(op.getarg(0), args)
         ofs_loc = self.rm.make_sure_var_in_reg(op.getarg(1), args)
@@ -1229,8 +1174,8 @@
 
     def consider_arraylen_gc(self, op):
         arraydescr = op.getdescr()
-        assert isinstance(arraydescr, BaseArrayDescr)
-        ofs = arraydescr.get_ofs_length(self.translate_support_code)
+        assert isinstance(arraydescr, ArrayDescr)
+        ofs = arraydescr.lendescr.offset
         args = op.getarglist()
         base_loc = self.rm.make_sure_var_in_reg(op.getarg(0), args)
         self.rm.possibly_free_vars_for_op(op)
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/test/test_gc_integration.py b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/test/test_gc_integration.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/test/test_gc_integration.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/test/test_gc_integration.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.resoperation import rop, ResOperation
 from pypy.jit.codewriter import heaptracker
 from pypy.jit.codewriter.effectinfo import EffectInfo
-from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import GcCache
+from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import GcCache, FieldDescr, FLAG_SIGNED
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.gc import GcLLDescription
 from pypy.jit.backend.detect_cpu import getcpuclass
 from pypy.jit.backend.x86.regalloc import RegAlloc
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, llmemory, rffi
 from pypy.rpython.annlowlevel import llhelper
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import rclass, rstr
-from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.gc import GcLLDescr_framework, GcPtrFieldDescr
+from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.gc import GcLLDescr_framework
 
 from pypy.jit.backend.x86.test.test_regalloc import MockAssembler
 from pypy.jit.backend.x86.test.test_regalloc import BaseTestRegalloc
@@ -41,20 +41,15 @@
         return ['compressed'] + shape[1:]
 
 class MockGcDescr(GcCache):
-    def get_funcptr_for_new(self):
-        return 123
-    get_funcptr_for_newarray = get_funcptr_for_new
-    get_funcptr_for_newstr = get_funcptr_for_new
-    get_funcptr_for_newunicode = get_funcptr_for_new
     get_malloc_slowpath_addr = None
-
+    write_barrier_descr = None
     moving_gc = True
     gcrootmap = MockGcRootMap()
 
     def initialize(self):
         pass
 
-    record_constptrs = GcLLDescr_framework.record_constptrs.im_func
+    _record_constptrs = GcLLDescr_framework._record_constptrs.im_func
     rewrite_assembler = GcLLDescr_framework.rewrite_assembler.im_func
 
 class TestRegallocDirectGcIntegration(object):
@@ -170,42 +165,32 @@
         '''
         self.interpret(ops, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], run=False)
 
+NOT_INITIALIZED = chr(0xdd)
+
 class GCDescrFastpathMalloc(GcLLDescription):
     gcrootmap = None
-    expected_malloc_slowpath_size = WORD*2
+    write_barrier_descr = None
 
     def __init__(self):
-        GcCache.__init__(self, False)
+        GcLLDescription.__init__(self, None)
         # create a nursery
-        NTP = rffi.CArray(lltype.Signed)
-        self.nursery = lltype.malloc(NTP, 16, flavor='raw')
-        self.addrs = lltype.malloc(rffi.CArray(lltype.Signed), 3,
+        NTP = rffi.CArray(lltype.Char)
+        self.nursery = lltype.malloc(NTP, 64, flavor='raw')
+        for i in range(64):
+            self.nursery[i] = NOT_INITIALIZED
+        self.addrs = lltype.malloc(rffi.CArray(lltype.Signed), 2,
                                    flavor='raw')
         self.addrs[0] = rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, self.nursery)
-        self.addrs[1] = self.addrs[0] + 16*WORD
-        self.addrs[2] = 0
-        # 16 WORDs
+        self.addrs[1] = self.addrs[0] + 64
+        self.calls = []
         def malloc_slowpath(size):
-            assert size == self.expected_malloc_slowpath_size
+            self.calls.append(size)
+            # reset the nursery
             nadr = rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, self.nursery)
             self.addrs[0] = nadr + size
-            self.addrs[2] += 1
             return nadr
-        self.malloc_slowpath = malloc_slowpath
-        self.MALLOC_SLOWPATH = lltype.FuncType([lltype.Signed],
-                                               lltype.Signed)
-        self._counter = 123000
-
-    def can_inline_malloc(self, descr):
-        return True
-
-    def get_funcptr_for_new(self):
-        return 42
-#        return llhelper(lltype.Ptr(self.NEW_TP), self.new)
-
-    def init_size_descr(self, S, descr):
-        descr.tid = self._counter
-        self._counter += 1
+        self.generate_function('malloc_nursery', malloc_slowpath,
+                               [lltype.Signed], lltype.Signed)
 
     def get_nursery_free_addr(self):
         return rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, self.addrs)
@@ -214,204 +199,61 @@
         return rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, self.addrs) + WORD
 
     def get_malloc_slowpath_addr(self):
-        fptr = llhelper(lltype.Ptr(self.MALLOC_SLOWPATH), self.malloc_slowpath)
-        return rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, fptr)
+        return self.get_malloc_fn_addr('malloc_nursery')
 
-    get_funcptr_for_newarray = None
-    get_funcptr_for_newstr = None
-    get_funcptr_for_newunicode = None
+    def check_nothing_in_nursery(self):
+        # CALL_MALLOC_NURSERY should not write anything in the nursery
+        for i in range(64):
+            assert self.nursery[i] == NOT_INITIALIZED
 
 class TestMallocFastpath(BaseTestRegalloc):
 
     def setup_method(self, method):
         cpu = CPU(None, None)
-        cpu.vtable_offset = WORD
         cpu.gc_ll_descr = GCDescrFastpathMalloc()
         cpu.setup_once()
+        self.cpu = cpu
 
-        # hack: specify 'tid' explicitly, because this test is not running
-        # with the gc transformer
-        NODE = lltype.GcStruct('node', ('tid', lltype.Signed),
-                                       ('value', lltype.Signed))
-        nodedescr = cpu.sizeof(NODE)
-        valuedescr = cpu.fielddescrof(NODE, 'value')
-
-        self.cpu = cpu
-        self.nodedescr = nodedescr
-        vtable = lltype.malloc(rclass.OBJECT_VTABLE, immortal=True)
-        vtable_int = cpu.cast_adr_to_int(llmemory.cast_ptr_to_adr(vtable))
-        NODE2 = lltype.GcStruct('node2',
-                                  ('parent', rclass.OBJECT),
-                                  ('tid', lltype.Signed),
-                                  ('vtable', lltype.Ptr(rclass.OBJECT_VTABLE)))
-        descrsize = cpu.sizeof(NODE2)
-        heaptracker.register_known_gctype(cpu, vtable, NODE2)
-        self.descrsize = descrsize
-        self.vtable_int = vtable_int
-
-        self.namespace = locals().copy()
-        
     def test_malloc_fastpath(self):
         ops = '''
-        [i0]
-        p0 = new(descr=nodedescr)
-        setfield_gc(p0, i0, descr=valuedescr)
-        finish(p0)
+        []
+        p0 = call_malloc_nursery(16)
+        p1 = call_malloc_nursery(32)
+        p2 = call_malloc_nursery(16)
+        finish(p0, p1, p2)
         '''
-        self.interpret(ops, [42])
-        # check the nursery
+        self.interpret(ops, [])
+        # check the returned pointers
         gc_ll_descr = self.cpu.gc_ll_descr
-        assert gc_ll_descr.nursery[0] == self.nodedescr.tid
-        assert gc_ll_descr.nursery[1] == 42
         nurs_adr = rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, gc_ll_descr.nursery)
-        assert gc_ll_descr.addrs[0] == nurs_adr + (WORD*2)
-        assert gc_ll_descr.addrs[2] == 0   # slowpath never called
+        ref = self.cpu.get_latest_value_ref
+        assert rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, ref(0)) == nurs_adr + 0
+        assert rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, ref(1)) == nurs_adr + 16
+        assert rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, ref(2)) == nurs_adr + 48
+        # check the nursery content and state
+        gc_ll_descr.check_nothing_in_nursery()
+        assert gc_ll_descr.addrs[0] == nurs_adr + 64
+        # slowpath never called
+        assert gc_ll_descr.calls == []
 
     def test_malloc_slowpath(self):
         ops = '''
         []
-        p0 = new(descr=nodedescr)
-        p1 = new(descr=nodedescr)
-        p2 = new(descr=nodedescr)
-        p3 = new(descr=nodedescr)
-        p4 = new(descr=nodedescr)
-        p5 = new(descr=nodedescr)
-        p6 = new(descr=nodedescr)
-        p7 = new(descr=nodedescr)
-        p8 = new(descr=nodedescr)
-        finish(p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7, p8)
+        p0 = call_malloc_nursery(16)
+        p1 = call_malloc_nursery(32)
+        p2 = call_malloc_nursery(24)     # overflow
+        finish(p0, p1, p2)
         '''
         self.interpret(ops, [])
+        # check the returned pointers
+        gc_ll_descr = self.cpu.gc_ll_descr
+        nurs_adr = rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, gc_ll_descr.nursery)
+        ref = self.cpu.get_latest_value_ref
+        assert rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, ref(0)) == nurs_adr + 0
+        assert rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, ref(1)) == nurs_adr + 16
+        assert rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, ref(2)) == nurs_adr + 0
+        # check the nursery content and state
+        gc_ll_descr.check_nothing_in_nursery()
+        assert gc_ll_descr.addrs[0] == nurs_adr + 24
         # this should call slow path once
-        gc_ll_descr = self.cpu.gc_ll_descr
-        nadr = rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, gc_ll_descr.nursery)
-        assert gc_ll_descr.addrs[0] == nadr + (WORD*2)
-        assert gc_ll_descr.addrs[2] == 1   # slowpath called once
-
-    def test_new_with_vtable(self):
-        ops = '''
-        [i0, i1]
-        p0 = new_with_vtable(ConstClass(vtable))
-        guard_class(p0, ConstClass(vtable)) [i0]
-        finish(i1)
-        '''
-        self.interpret(ops, [0, 1])
-        assert self.getint(0) == 1
-        gc_ll_descr = self.cpu.gc_ll_descr
-        assert gc_ll_descr.nursery[0] == self.descrsize.tid
-        assert gc_ll_descr.nursery[1] == self.vtable_int
-        nurs_adr = rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, gc_ll_descr.nursery)
-        assert gc_ll_descr.addrs[0] == nurs_adr + (WORD*3)
-        assert gc_ll_descr.addrs[2] == 0   # slowpath never called
-
-
-class Seen(Exception):
-    pass
-
-class GCDescrFastpathMallocVarsize(GCDescrFastpathMalloc):
-    def can_inline_malloc_varsize(self, arraydescr, num_elem):
-        return num_elem < 5
-    def get_funcptr_for_newarray(self):
-        return 52
-    def init_array_descr(self, A, descr):
-        descr.tid = self._counter
-        self._counter += 1
-    def args_for_new_array(self, descr):
-        raise Seen("args_for_new_array")
-
-class TestMallocVarsizeFastpath(BaseTestRegalloc):
-    def setup_method(self, method):
-        cpu = CPU(None, None)
-        cpu.vtable_offset = WORD
-        cpu.gc_ll_descr = GCDescrFastpathMallocVarsize()
-        cpu.setup_once()
-        self.cpu = cpu
-
-        ARRAY = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Signed)
-        arraydescr = cpu.arraydescrof(ARRAY)
-        self.arraydescr = arraydescr
-        ARRAYCHAR = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Char)
-        arraychardescr = cpu.arraydescrof(ARRAYCHAR)
-
-        self.namespace = locals().copy()
-
-    def test_malloc_varsize_fastpath(self):
-        # Hack.  Running the GcLLDescr_framework without really having
-        # a complete GC means that we end up with both the tid and the
-        # length being at offset 0.  In this case, so the length overwrites
-        # the tid.  This is of course only the case in this test class.
-        ops = '''
-        []
-        p0 = new_array(4, descr=arraydescr)
-        setarrayitem_gc(p0, 0, 142, descr=arraydescr)
-        setarrayitem_gc(p0, 3, 143, descr=arraydescr)
-        finish(p0)
-        '''
-        self.interpret(ops, [])
-        # check the nursery
-        gc_ll_descr = self.cpu.gc_ll_descr
-        assert gc_ll_descr.nursery[0] == 4
-        assert gc_ll_descr.nursery[1] == 142
-        assert gc_ll_descr.nursery[4] == 143
-        nurs_adr = rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, gc_ll_descr.nursery)
-        assert gc_ll_descr.addrs[0] == nurs_adr + (WORD*5)
-        assert gc_ll_descr.addrs[2] == 0   # slowpath never called
-
-    def test_malloc_varsize_slowpath(self):
-        ops = '''
-        []
-        p0 = new_array(4, descr=arraydescr)
-        setarrayitem_gc(p0, 0, 420, descr=arraydescr)
-        setarrayitem_gc(p0, 3, 430, descr=arraydescr)
-        p1 = new_array(4, descr=arraydescr)
-        setarrayitem_gc(p1, 0, 421, descr=arraydescr)
-        setarrayitem_gc(p1, 3, 431, descr=arraydescr)
-        p2 = new_array(4, descr=arraydescr)
-        setarrayitem_gc(p2, 0, 422, descr=arraydescr)
-        setarrayitem_gc(p2, 3, 432, descr=arraydescr)
-        p3 = new_array(4, descr=arraydescr)
-        setarrayitem_gc(p3, 0, 423, descr=arraydescr)
-        setarrayitem_gc(p3, 3, 433, descr=arraydescr)
-        finish(p0, p1, p2, p3)
-        '''
-        gc_ll_descr = self.cpu.gc_ll_descr
-        gc_ll_descr.expected_malloc_slowpath_size = 5*WORD
-        self.interpret(ops, [])
-        assert gc_ll_descr.addrs[2] == 1   # slowpath called once
-
-    def test_malloc_varsize_too_big(self):
-        ops = '''
-        []
-        p0 = new_array(5, descr=arraydescr)
-        finish(p0)
-        '''
-        py.test.raises(Seen, self.interpret, ops, [])
-
-    def test_malloc_varsize_variable(self):
-        ops = '''
-        [i0]
-        p0 = new_array(i0, descr=arraydescr)
-        finish(p0)
-        '''
-        py.test.raises(Seen, self.interpret, ops, [])
-
-    def test_malloc_array_of_char(self):
-        # check that fastpath_malloc_varsize() respects the alignment
-        # of the pointer in the nursery
-        ops = '''
-        []
-        p1 = new_array(1, descr=arraychardescr)
-        p2 = new_array(2, descr=arraychardescr)
-        p3 = new_array(3, descr=arraychardescr)
-        p4 = new_array(4, descr=arraychardescr)
-        finish(p1, p2, p3, p4)
-        '''
-        self.interpret(ops, [])
-        p1 = self.getptr(0, llmemory.GCREF)
-        p2 = self.getptr(1, llmemory.GCREF)
-        p3 = self.getptr(2, llmemory.GCREF)
-        p4 = self.getptr(3, llmemory.GCREF)
-        assert p1._obj.intval & (WORD-1) == 0    # aligned
-        assert p2._obj.intval & (WORD-1) == 0    # aligned
-        assert p3._obj.intval & (WORD-1) == 0    # aligned
-        assert p4._obj.intval & (WORD-1) == 0    # aligned
+        assert gc_ll_descr.calls == [24]
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/test/test_jump.py b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/test/test_jump.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/test/test_jump.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/test/test_jump.py
@@ -20,6 +20,11 @@
     def regalloc_pop(self, loc):
         self.ops.append(('pop', loc))
 
+    def regalloc_immedmem2mem(self, from_loc, to_loc):
+        assert isinstance(from_loc, ConstFloatLoc)
+        assert isinstance(to_loc,   StackLoc)
+        self.ops.append(('immedmem2mem', from_loc, to_loc))
+
     def got(self, expected):
         print '------------------------ comparing ---------------------------'
         for op1, op2 in zip(self.ops, expected):
@@ -244,12 +249,19 @@
         else:
             return pick1()
     #
+    def pick2c():
+        n = random.randrange(-2000, 500)
+        if n >= 0:
+            return ConstFloatLoc(n)    # n is the address, not really used here
+        else:
+            return pick2()
+    #
     def pick_dst(fn, count, seen):
         result = []
         while len(result) < count:
             x = fn()
             keys = [x._getregkey()]
-            if isinstance(x, StackLoc) and x.width > WORD:
+            if isinstance(x, StackLoc) and x.get_width() > WORD:
                 keys.append(keys[0] + WORD)
             for key in keys:
                 if key in seen:
@@ -267,7 +279,7 @@
         for i, loc in enumerate(locations):
             if isinstance(loc, RegLoc):
                 if loc.is_xmm:
-                    if loc.width > WORD:
+                    if loc.get_width() > WORD:
                         newvalue = ('value-xmm-%d' % i,
                                     'value-xmm-hiword-%d' % i)
                     else:
@@ -276,16 +288,16 @@
                 else:
                     regs1[loc.value] = 'value-int-%d' % i
             elif isinstance(loc, StackLoc):
-                stack[loc.value] = 'value-width%d-%d' % (loc.width, i)
-                if loc.width > WORD:
+                stack[loc.value] = 'value-width%d-%d' % (loc.get_width(), i)
+                if loc.get_width() > WORD:
                     stack[loc.value+WORD] = 'value-hiword-%d' % i
             else:
-                assert isinstance(loc, ImmedLoc)
+                assert isinstance(loc, (ImmedLoc, ConstFloatLoc))
         return regs1, regs2, stack
     #
     for i in range(500):
         seen = {}
-        src_locations2 = [pick2() for i in range(4)]
+        src_locations2 = [pick2c() for i in range(4)]
         dst_locations2 = pick_dst(pick2, 4, seen)
         src_locations1 = [pick1c() for i in range(5)]
         dst_locations1 = pick_dst(pick1, 5, seen)
@@ -299,7 +311,7 @@
         #
         def read(loc, expected_width=None):
             if expected_width is not None:
-                assert loc.width == expected_width
+                assert loc.get_width() == expected_width
             if isinstance(loc, RegLoc):
                 if loc.is_xmm:
                     return regs2[loc.value]
@@ -307,21 +319,27 @@
                     return regs1[loc.value]
             if isinstance(loc, StackLoc):
                 got = stack[loc.value]
-                if loc.width > WORD:
+                if loc.get_width() > WORD:
                     got = (got, stack[loc.value+WORD])
                 return got
             if isinstance(loc, ImmedLoc):
                 return 'const-%d' % loc.value
+            if isinstance(loc, ConstFloatLoc):
+                got = 'constfloat-@%d' % loc.value
+                if loc.get_width() > WORD:
+                    got = (got, 'constfloat-next-@%d' % loc.value)
+                return got
             assert 0, loc
         #
         def write(loc, newvalue):
+            assert (type(newvalue) is tuple) == (loc.get_width() > WORD)
             if isinstance(loc, RegLoc):
                 if loc.is_xmm:
                     regs2[loc.value] = newvalue
                 else:
                     regs1[loc.value] = newvalue
             elif isinstance(loc, StackLoc):
-                if loc.width > WORD:
+                if loc.get_width() > WORD:
                     newval1, newval2 = newvalue
                     stack[loc.value] = newval1
                     stack[loc.value+WORD] = newval2
@@ -337,10 +355,14 @@
         for op in assembler.ops:
             if op[0] == 'mov':
                 src, dst = op[1:]
-                assert isinstance(src, (RegLoc, StackLoc, ImmedLoc))
-                assert isinstance(dst, (RegLoc, StackLoc))
-                assert not (isinstance(src, StackLoc) and
-                            isinstance(dst, StackLoc))
+                if isinstance(src, ConstFloatLoc):
+                    assert isinstance(dst, RegLoc)
+                    assert dst.is_xmm
+                else:
+                    assert isinstance(src, (RegLoc, StackLoc, ImmedLoc))
+                    assert isinstance(dst, (RegLoc, StackLoc))
+                    assert not (isinstance(src, StackLoc) and
+                                isinstance(dst, StackLoc))
                 write(dst, read(src))
             elif op[0] == 'push':
                 src, = op[1:]
@@ -350,6 +372,11 @@
                 dst, = op[1:]
                 assert isinstance(dst, (RegLoc, StackLoc))
                 write(dst, extrapushes.pop())
+            elif op[0] == 'immedmem2mem':
+                src, dst = op[1:]
+                assert isinstance(src, ConstFloatLoc)
+                assert isinstance(dst, StackLoc)
+                write(dst, read(src, 8))
             else:
                 assert 0, "unknown op: %r" % (op,)
         assert not extrapushes
@@ -358,3 +385,32 @@
             assert read(loc, WORD) == src_values1[i]
         for i, loc in enumerate(dst_locations2):
             assert read(loc, 8) == src_values2[i]
+
+
+def test_overflow_bug():
+    CASE = [
+        (-144, -248),   # \ cycle
+        (-248, -144),   # /
+        (-488, -416),   # \ two usages of -488
+        (-488, -480),   # /
+        (-488, -488),   # - one self-application of -488
+        ]
+    class FakeAssembler:
+        def regalloc_mov(self, src, dst):
+            print "mov", src, dst
+        def regalloc_push(self, x):
+            print "push", x
+        def regalloc_pop(self, x):
+            print "pop", x
+        def regalloc_immedmem2mem(self, x, y):
+            print "?????????????????????????"
+    def main():
+        srclocs = [StackLoc(9999, x, 'i') for x,y in CASE]
+        dstlocs = [StackLoc(9999, y, 'i') for x,y in CASE]
+        remap_frame_layout(FakeAssembler(), srclocs, dstlocs, eax)
+    # it works when run directly
+    main()
+    # but it used to crash when translated,
+    # because of a -sys.maxint-2 overflowing to sys.maxint
+    from pypy.rpython.test.test_llinterp import interpret
+    interpret(main, [])
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/test/test_runner.py b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/test/test_runner.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/test/test_runner.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/test/test_runner.py
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
         return ctypes.cast(res.value._obj.intval, ctypes.POINTER(item_tp))
 
     def test_allocations(self):
+        py.test.skip("rewrite or kill")
         from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import rstr
 
         allocs = [None]
@@ -518,16 +519,23 @@
         from pypy.tool.logparser import parse_log_file, extract_category
         from pypy.rlib import debug
 
+        targettoken, preambletoken = TargetToken(), TargetToken()
         loop = """
         [i0]
-        label(i0, descr=targettoken)
+        label(i0, descr=preambletoken)
         debug_merge_point('xyz', 0)
         i1 = int_add(i0, 1)
         i2 = int_ge(i1, 10)
         guard_false(i2) []
-        jump(i1, descr=targettoken)
+        label(i1, descr=targettoken)
+        debug_merge_point('xyz', 0)
+        i11 = int_add(i1, 1)
+        i12 = int_ge(i11, 10)
+        guard_false(i12) []
+        jump(i11, descr=targettoken)
         """
-        ops = parse(loop, namespace={'targettoken': TargetToken()})
+        ops = parse(loop, namespace={'targettoken': targettoken,
+                                     'preambletoken': preambletoken})
         debug._log = dlog = debug.DebugLog()
         try:
             self.cpu.assembler.set_debug(True)
@@ -536,11 +544,18 @@
             self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, 0)
             # check debugging info
             struct = self.cpu.assembler.loop_run_counters[0]
-            assert struct.i == 10
+            assert struct.i == 1
+            struct = self.cpu.assembler.loop_run_counters[1]
+            assert struct.i == 1
+            struct = self.cpu.assembler.loop_run_counters[2]
+            assert struct.i == 9
             self.cpu.finish_once()
         finally:
             debug._log = None
-        assert ('jit-backend-counts', [('debug_print', 'loop -1:10')]) in dlog
+        l0 = ('debug_print', 'entry -1:1')
+        l1 = ('debug_print', preambletoken.repr_of_descr() + ':1')
+        l2 = ('debug_print', targettoken.repr_of_descr() + ':9')
+        assert ('jit-backend-counts', [l0, l1, l2]) in dlog
 
     def test_debugger_checksum(self):
         loop = """
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/test/test_zrpy_gc.py b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/test/test_zrpy_gc.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/test/test_zrpy_gc.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/test/test_zrpy_gc.py
@@ -69,16 +69,17 @@
 def get_functions_to_patch():
     from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport import gc
     #
-    can_inline_malloc1 = gc.GcLLDescr_framework.can_inline_malloc
-    def can_inline_malloc2(*args):
+    can_use_nursery_malloc1 = gc.GcLLDescr_framework.can_use_nursery_malloc
+    def can_use_nursery_malloc2(*args):
         try:
             if os.environ['PYPY_NO_INLINE_MALLOC']:
                 return False
         except KeyError:
             pass
-        return can_inline_malloc1(*args)
+        return can_use_nursery_malloc1(*args)
     #
-    return {(gc.GcLLDescr_framework, 'can_inline_malloc'): can_inline_malloc2}
+    return {(gc.GcLLDescr_framework, 'can_use_nursery_malloc'):
+                can_use_nursery_malloc2}
 
 def compile(f, gc, enable_opts='', **kwds):
     from pypy.annotation.listdef import s_list_of_strings
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/test/test_zrpy_platform.py b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/test/test_zrpy_platform.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/test/test_zrpy_platform.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/test/test_zrpy_platform.py
@@ -74,8 +74,8 @@
     myjitdriver = jit.JitDriver(greens = [], reds = ['n'])
 
     def entrypoint(argv):
-        myjitdriver.set_param('threshold', 2)
-        myjitdriver.set_param('trace_eagerness', 0)
+        jit.set_param(myjitdriver, 'threshold', 2)
+        jit.set_param(myjitdriver, 'trace_eagerness', 0)
         n = 16
         while n > 0:
             myjitdriver.can_enter_jit(n=n)
diff --git a/pypy/jit/codewriter/call.py b/pypy/jit/codewriter/call.py
--- a/pypy/jit/codewriter/call.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/codewriter/call.py
@@ -42,8 +42,7 @@
         except AttributeError:
             pass
 
-        def is_candidate(graph):
-            return policy.look_inside_graph(graph)
+        is_candidate = policy.look_inside_graph
 
         assert len(self.jitdrivers_sd) > 0
         todo = [jd.portal_graph for jd in self.jitdrivers_sd]
diff --git a/pypy/jit/codewriter/support.py b/pypy/jit/codewriter/support.py
--- a/pypy/jit/codewriter/support.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/codewriter/support.py
@@ -162,7 +162,6 @@
 _ll_4_list_setslice = rlist.ll_listsetslice
 _ll_2_list_delslice_startonly = rlist.ll_listdelslice_startonly
 _ll_3_list_delslice_startstop = rlist.ll_listdelslice_startstop
-_ll_1_list_list2fixed = lltypesystem_rlist.ll_list2fixed
 _ll_2_list_inplace_mul = rlist.ll_inplace_mul
 
 _ll_2_list_getitem_foldable = _ll_2_list_getitem
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/compile.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/compile.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/compile.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/compile.py
@@ -38,7 +38,8 @@
         else:
             extraprocedures = [procedure]
         metainterp_sd.stats.view(errmsg=errmsg,
-                                 extraprocedures=extraprocedures)
+                                 extraprocedures=extraprocedures,
+                                 metainterp_sd=metainterp_sd)
 
 def create_empty_loop(metainterp, name_prefix=''):
     name = metainterp.staticdata.stats.name_for_new_loop()
@@ -105,38 +106,32 @@
 
 def compile_loop(metainterp, greenkey, start,
                  inputargs, jumpargs,
-                 start_resumedescr, full_preamble_needed=True):
+                 resume_at_jump_descr, full_preamble_needed=True):
     """Try to compile a new procedure by closing the current history back
     to the first operation.
     """
     from pypy.jit.metainterp.optimizeopt import optimize_trace
 
-    history = metainterp.history
     metainterp_sd = metainterp.staticdata
     jitdriver_sd = metainterp.jitdriver_sd
+    history = metainterp.history
 
-    if False:
-        part = partial_trace
-        assert False
-        procedur_token = metainterp.get_procedure_token(greenkey)
-        assert procedure_token
-        all_target_tokens = []
-    else:
-        jitcell_token = make_jitcell_token(jitdriver_sd)
-        part = create_empty_loop(metainterp)
-        part.inputargs = inputargs[:]
-        h_ops = history.operations
-        part.start_resumedescr = start_resumedescr
-        part.operations = [ResOperation(rop.LABEL, inputargs, None, descr=TargetToken(jitcell_token))] + \
-                          [h_ops[i].clone() for i in range(start, len(h_ops))] + \
-                          [ResOperation(rop.JUMP, jumpargs, None, descr=jitcell_token)]
-        try:
-            optimize_trace(metainterp_sd, part, jitdriver_sd.warmstate.enable_opts)
-        except InvalidLoop:
-            return None
-        target_token = part.operations[0].getdescr()
-        assert isinstance(target_token, TargetToken)
-        all_target_tokens = [target_token]
+    jitcell_token = make_jitcell_token(jitdriver_sd)
+    part = create_empty_loop(metainterp)
+    part.inputargs = inputargs[:]
+    h_ops = history.operations
+    part.resume_at_jump_descr = resume_at_jump_descr
+    part.operations = [ResOperation(rop.LABEL, inputargs, None, descr=TargetToken(jitcell_token))] + \
+                      [h_ops[i].clone() for i in range(start, len(h_ops))] + \
+                      [ResOperation(rop.LABEL, jumpargs, None, descr=jitcell_token)]
+
+    try:
+        optimize_trace(metainterp_sd, part, jitdriver_sd.warmstate.enable_opts)
+    except InvalidLoop:
+        return None
+    target_token = part.operations[0].getdescr()
+    assert isinstance(target_token, TargetToken)
+    all_target_tokens = [target_token]
 
     loop = create_empty_loop(metainterp)        
     loop.inputargs = part.inputargs
@@ -184,7 +179,7 @@
 
 def compile_retrace(metainterp, greenkey, start,
                     inputargs, jumpargs,
-                    start_resumedescr, partial_trace, resumekey):
+                    resume_at_jump_descr, partial_trace, resumekey):
     """Try to compile a new procedure by closing the current history back
     to the first operation.
     """
@@ -200,7 +195,7 @@
 
     part = create_empty_loop(metainterp)
     part.inputargs = inputargs[:]
-    part.start_resumedescr = start_resumedescr
+    part.resume_at_jump_descr = resume_at_jump_descr
     h_ops = history.operations
 
     part.operations = [partial_trace.operations[-1]] + \
@@ -212,13 +207,12 @@
     try:
         optimize_trace(metainterp_sd, part, jitdriver_sd.warmstate.enable_opts)
     except InvalidLoop:
-        #return None # XXX: Dissable for now
         # Fall back on jumping to preamble
         target_token = label.getdescr()
         assert isinstance(target_token, TargetToken)
         assert target_token.exported_state
         part.operations = [orignial_label] + \
-                          [ResOperation(rop.JUMP, target_token.exported_state.jump_args,
+                          [ResOperation(rop.JUMP, inputargs[:],
                                         None, descr=loop_jitcell_token)]
         try:
             optimize_trace(metainterp_sd, part, jitdriver_sd.warmstate.enable_opts,
@@ -318,7 +312,10 @@
         metainterp_sd.stats.compiled()
     metainterp_sd.log("compiled new " + type)
     #
-    metainterp_sd.logger_ops.log_loop(loop.inputargs, loop.operations, n, type, ops_offset)
+    loopname = jitdriver_sd.warmstate.get_location_str(greenkey)
+    metainterp_sd.logger_ops.log_loop(loop.inputargs, loop.operations, n,
+                                      type, ops_offset,
+                                      name=loopname)
     #
     if metainterp_sd.warmrunnerdesc is not None:    # for tests
         metainterp_sd.warmrunnerdesc.memory_manager.keep_loop_alive(original_jitcell_token)
@@ -751,7 +748,7 @@
         metainterp_sd.stats.add_jitcell_token(jitcell_token)
 
 
-def compile_trace(metainterp, resumekey, start_resumedescr=None):
+def compile_trace(metainterp, resumekey, resume_at_jump_descr=None):
     """Try to compile a new bridge leading from the beginning of the history
     to some existing place.
     """
@@ -767,7 +764,7 @@
     # clone ops, as optimize_bridge can mutate the ops
 
     new_trace.operations = [op.clone() for op in metainterp.history.operations]
-    new_trace.start_resumedescr = start_resumedescr
+    new_trace.resume_at_jump_descr = resume_at_jump_descr
     metainterp_sd = metainterp.staticdata
     state = metainterp.jitdriver_sd.warmstate
     if isinstance(resumekey, ResumeAtPositionDescr):
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/executor.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/executor.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/executor.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/executor.py
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
     # get the function address as an integer
     func = argboxes[0].getint()
     # do the call using the correct function from the cpu
-    rettype = descr.get_return_type()
+    rettype = descr.get_result_type()
     if rettype == INT or rettype == 'S':       # *S*ingle float
         try:
             result = cpu.bh_call_i(func, descr, args_i, args_r, args_f)
@@ -344,6 +344,8 @@
                          rop.SETINTERIORFIELD_RAW,
                          rop.CALL_RELEASE_GIL,
                          rop.QUASIIMMUT_FIELD,
+                         rop.CALL_MALLOC_GC,
+                         rop.CALL_MALLOC_NURSERY,
                          rop.LABEL,
                          ):      # list of opcodes never executed by pyjitpl
                 continue
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/graphpage.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/graphpage.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/graphpage.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/graphpage.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
     def get_display_text(self):
         return None
 
-def display_procedures(procedures, errmsg=None, highlight_procedures={}):
+def display_procedures(procedures, errmsg=None, highlight_procedures={}, metainterp_sd=None):
     graphs = [(procedure, highlight_procedures.get(procedure, 0))
               for procedure in procedures]
     for graph, highlight in graphs:
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
             if is_interesting_guard(op):
                 graphs.append((SubGraph(op.getdescr()._debug_suboperations),
                                highlight))
-    graphpage = ResOpGraphPage(graphs, errmsg)
+    graphpage = ResOpGraphPage(graphs, errmsg, metainterp_sd)
     graphpage.display()
 
 def is_interesting_guard(op):
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@
 
 class ResOpGraphPage(GraphPage):
 
-    def compute(self, graphs, errmsg=None):
-        resopgen = ResOpGen()
+    def compute(self, graphs, errmsg=None, metainterp_sd=None):
+        resopgen = ResOpGen(metainterp_sd)
         for graph, highlight in graphs:
             resopgen.add_graph(graph, highlight)
         if errmsg:
@@ -50,13 +50,14 @@
     CLUSTERING = True
     BOX_COLOR = (128, 0, 96)
 
-    def __init__(self):
+    def __init__(self, metainterp_sd=None):
         self.graphs = []
         self.highlight_graphs = {}
         self.block_starters = {}    # {graphindex: {set-of-operation-indices}}
         self.all_operations = {}
         self.errmsg = None
         self.target_tokens = {}
+        self.metainterp_sd = metainterp_sd
 
     def op_name(self, graphindex, opindex):
         return 'g%dop%d' % (graphindex, opindex)
@@ -164,7 +165,14 @@
         opindex = opstartindex
         while True:
             op = operations[opindex]
-            lines.append(op.repr(graytext=True))
+            op_repr = op.repr(graytext=True)
+            if op.getopnum() == rop.DEBUG_MERGE_POINT:
+                jd_sd = self.metainterp_sd.jitdrivers_sd[op.getarg(0).getint()]
+                if jd_sd._get_printable_location_ptr:
+                    s = jd_sd.warmstate.get_location_str(op.getarglist()[2:])
+                    s = s.replace(',', '.') # we use comma for argument splitting
+                    op_repr = "debug_merge_point(%d, '%s')" % (op.getarg(1).getint(), s)
+            lines.append(op_repr)
             if is_interesting_guard(op):
                 tgt = op.getdescr()._debug_suboperations[0]
                 tgt_g, tgt_i = self.all_operations[tgt]
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/history.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/history.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/history.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/history.py
@@ -142,59 +142,6 @@
     def repr_of_descr(self):
         return '%r' % (self,)
 
-    def get_arg_types(self):
-        """ Implement in call descr.
-        Must return a string of INT, REF and FLOAT ('i', 'r', 'f').
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError
-
-    def get_return_type(self):
-        """ Implement in call descr.
-        Must return INT, REF, FLOAT, or 'v' for void.
-        On 32-bit (hack) it can also be 'L' for longlongs.
-        Additionally it can be 'S' for singlefloats.
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError
-
-    def get_extra_info(self):
-        """ Implement in call descr
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError
-
-    def is_array_of_pointers(self):
-        """ Implement for array descr
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError
-
-    def is_array_of_floats(self):
-        """ Implement for array descr
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError
-
-    def is_array_of_structs(self):
-        """ Implement for array descr
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError
-
-    def is_pointer_field(self):
-        """ Implement for field descr
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError
-
-    def is_float_field(self):
-        """ Implement for field descr
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError
-
-    def as_vtable_size_descr(self):
-        """ Implement for size descr representing objects with vtables.
-        Returns self.  (it's an annotation hack)
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError
-
-    def count_fields_if_immutable(self):
-        return -1
-
     def _clone_if_mutable(self):
         return self
     def clone_if_mutable(self):
@@ -758,6 +705,9 @@
 
         self.virtual_state = None
         self.exported_state = None
+
+    def repr_of_descr(self):
+        return 'TargetToken(%d)' % compute_unique_id(self)
         
 class TreeLoop(object):
     inputargs = None
@@ -765,7 +715,7 @@
     call_pure_results = None
     logops = None
     quasi_immutable_deps = None
-    start_resumedescr = None
+    resume_at_jump_descr = None
 
     def _token(*args):
         raise Exception("TreeLoop.token is killed")
@@ -1057,25 +1007,6 @@
         # a jump back to itself and possibly a few bridges ending with finnish.
         # Only the operations within the loop formed by that single jump will
         # be counted.
-
-        # XXX hacked version, ignore and remove me when jit-targets is merged.
-        loops = self.get_all_loops()
-        loops = [loop for loop in loops if 'Preamble' not in repr(loop)] #XXX
-        assert len(loops) == 1
-        loop, = loops
-        jumpop = loop.operations[-1]
-        assert jumpop.getopnum() == rop.JUMP
-        insns = {}
-        for op in loop.operations:
-            opname = op.getopname()
-            insns[opname] = insns.get(opname, 0) + 1
-        return self._check_insns(insns, expected, check)
-
-    def check_simple_loop(self, expected=None, **check):
-        # Usefull in the simplest case when we have only one trace ending with
-        # a jump back to itself and possibly a few bridges ending with finnish.
-        # Only the operations within the loop formed by that single jump will
-        # be counted.
         loops = self.get_all_loops()
         assert len(loops) == 1
         loop = loops[0]
@@ -1134,7 +1065,7 @@
         if option.view:
             self.view()
 
-    def view(self, errmsg=None, extraprocedures=[]):
+    def view(self, errmsg=None, extraprocedures=[], metainterp_sd=None):
         from pypy.jit.metainterp.graphpage import display_procedures
         procedures = self.get_all_loops()[:]
         for procedure in extraprocedures:
@@ -1146,7 +1077,7 @@
             if hasattr(procedure, '_looptoken_number') and (
                procedure._looptoken_number in self.invalidated_token_numbers):
                 highlight_procedures.setdefault(procedure, 2)
-        display_procedures(procedures, errmsg, highlight_procedures)
+        display_procedures(procedures, errmsg, highlight_procedures, metainterp_sd)
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------
 
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/logger.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/logger.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/logger.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/logger.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, llmemory, rffi
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.resoperation import rop
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import Const, ConstInt, Box, \
-     BoxInt, ConstFloat, BoxFloat, AbstractFailDescr
+     BoxInt, ConstFloat, BoxFloat, AbstractFailDescr, TargetToken
 
 class Logger(object):
 
@@ -13,14 +13,14 @@
         self.metainterp_sd = metainterp_sd
         self.guard_number = guard_number
 
-    def log_loop(self, inputargs, operations, number=0, type=None, ops_offset=None):
+    def log_loop(self, inputargs, operations, number=0, type=None, ops_offset=None, name=''):
         if type is None:
             debug_start("jit-log-noopt-loop")
             logops = self._log_operations(inputargs, operations, ops_offset)
             debug_stop("jit-log-noopt-loop")
         else:
             debug_start("jit-log-opt-loop")
-            debug_print("# Loop", number, ":", type,
+            debug_print("# Loop", number, '(%s)' % name , ":", type,
                         "with", len(operations), "ops")
             logops = self._log_operations(inputargs, operations, ops_offset)
             debug_stop("jit-log-opt-loop")
@@ -135,6 +135,13 @@
             fail_args = ''
         return s_offset + res + op.getopname() + '(' + args + ')' + fail_args
 
+    def _log_inputarg_setup_ops(self, op):
+        target_token = op.getdescr()
+        if isinstance(target_token, TargetToken):
+            if target_token.exported_state:
+                for op in target_token.exported_state.inputarg_setup_ops:
+                    debug_print('    ' + self.repr_of_resop(op))
+        
     def _log_operations(self, inputargs, operations, ops_offset):
         if not have_debug_prints():
             return
@@ -146,6 +153,8 @@
         for i in range(len(operations)):
             op = operations[i]
             debug_print(self.repr_of_resop(operations[i], ops_offset))
+            if op.getopnum() == rop.LABEL:
+                self._log_inputarg_setup_ops(op)
         if ops_offset and None in ops_offset:
             offset = ops_offset[None]
             debug_print("+%d: --end of the loop--" % offset)
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/memmgr.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/memmgr.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/memmgr.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/memmgr.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import math
-from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import r_int64, r_uint
+from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import r_int64
 from pypy.rlib.debug import debug_start, debug_print, debug_stop
 from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import we_are_translated
 
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 #
 
 class MemoryManager(object):
-    NO_NEXT_CHECK = r_int64(2 ** 63 - 1)
 
     def __init__(self):
         self.check_frequency = -1
@@ -37,13 +36,12 @@
         # According to my estimates it's about 5e9 years given 1000 loops
         # per second
         self.current_generation = r_int64(1)
-        self.next_check = self.NO_NEXT_CHECK
+        self.next_check = r_int64(-1)
         self.alive_loops = {}
-        self._cleanup_jitcell_dicts = lambda: None
 
     def set_max_age(self, max_age, check_frequency=0):
         if max_age <= 0:
-            self.next_check = self.NO_NEXT_CHECK
+            self.next_check = r_int64(-1)
         else:
             self.max_age = max_age
             if check_frequency <= 0:
@@ -51,11 +49,10 @@
             self.check_frequency = check_frequency
             self.next_check = self.current_generation + 1
 
-    def next_generation(self, do_cleanups_now=True):
+    def next_generation(self):
         self.current_generation += 1
-        if do_cleanups_now and self.current_generation >= self.next_check:
+        if self.current_generation == self.next_check:
             self._kill_old_loops_now()
-            self._cleanup_jitcell_dicts()
             self.next_check = self.current_generation + self.check_frequency
 
     def keep_loop_alive(self, looptoken):
@@ -84,22 +81,3 @@
             # a single one is not enough for all tests :-(
             rgc.collect(); rgc.collect(); rgc.collect()
         debug_stop("jit-mem-collect")
-
-    def get_current_generation_uint(self):
-        """Return the current generation, possibly truncated to a uint.
-        To use only as an approximation for decaying counters."""
-        return r_uint(self.current_generation)
-
-    def record_jitcell_dict(self, callback):
-        """NOT_RPYTHON.  The given jitcell_dict is a dict that needs
-        occasional clean-ups of old cells.  A cell is old if it never
-        reached the threshold, and its counter decayed to a tiny value."""
-        # note that the various jitcell_dicts have different RPython types,
-        # so we have to make a different function for each one.  These
-        # functions are chained to each other: each calls the previous one.
-        def cleanup_dict():
-            callback()
-            cleanup_previous()
-        #
-        cleanup_previous = self._cleanup_jitcell_dicts
-        self._cleanup_jitcell_dicts = cleanup_dict
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimize.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimize.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimize.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimize.py
@@ -5,58 +5,3 @@
     """Raised when the optimize*.py detect that the loop that
     we are trying to build cannot possibly make sense as a
     long-running loop (e.g. it cannot run 2 complete iterations)."""
-
-class RetraceLoop(JitException):
-    """ Raised when inlining a short preamble resulted in an
-        InvalidLoop. This means the optimized loop is too specialized
-        to be useful here, so we trace it again and produced a second
-        copy specialized in some different way.
-    """
-
-# ____________________________________________________________
-
-def optimize_loop(metainterp_sd, old_loop_tokens, loop, enable_opts):
-    debug_start("jit-optimize")
-    try:
-        return _optimize_loop(metainterp_sd, old_loop_tokens, loop,
-                              enable_opts)
-    finally:
-        debug_stop("jit-optimize")
-
-def _optimize_loop(metainterp_sd, old_loop_tokens, loop, enable_opts):
-    from pypy.jit.metainterp.optimizeopt import optimize_loop_1
-    loop.logops = metainterp_sd.logger_noopt.log_loop(loop.inputargs,
-                                                      loop.operations)
-    # XXX do we really still need a list?
-    if old_loop_tokens:
-        return old_loop_tokens[0]
-    optimize_loop_1(metainterp_sd, loop, enable_opts)
-    return None
-
-# ____________________________________________________________
-
-def optimize_bridge(metainterp_sd, old_loop_tokens, bridge, enable_opts,
-                    inline_short_preamble=True, retraced=False):
-    debug_start("jit-optimize")
-    try:
-        return _optimize_bridge(metainterp_sd, old_loop_tokens, bridge,
-                                enable_opts,
-                                inline_short_preamble, retraced)
-    finally:
-        debug_stop("jit-optimize")
-
-def _optimize_bridge(metainterp_sd, old_loop_tokens, bridge, enable_opts,
-                     inline_short_preamble, retraced=False):
-    from pypy.jit.metainterp.optimizeopt import optimize_bridge_1
-    bridge.logops = metainterp_sd.logger_noopt.log_loop(bridge.inputargs,
-                                                        bridge.operations)
-    if old_loop_tokens:
-        old_loop_token = old_loop_tokens[0]
-        bridge.operations[-1].setdescr(old_loop_token)   # patch jump target
-        optimize_bridge_1(metainterp_sd, bridge, enable_opts,
-                          inline_short_preamble, retraced)
-        return old_loop_tokens[0]
-        #return bridge.operations[-1].getdescr()
-    return None
-
-# ____________________________________________________________
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/__init__.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/__init__.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/__init__.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/__init__.py
@@ -51,34 +51,6 @@
 
     return optimizations, unroll
 
-
-def optimize_loop_1(metainterp_sd, loop, enable_opts,
-                    inline_short_preamble=True, retraced=False):
-    """Optimize loop.operations to remove internal overheadish operations.
-    """
-
-    optimizations, unroll = build_opt_chain(metainterp_sd, enable_opts,
-                                            inline_short_preamble, retraced)
-    if unroll:
-        optimize_unroll(metainterp_sd, loop, optimizations)
-    else:
-        optimizer = Optimizer(metainterp_sd, loop, optimizations)
-        optimizer.propagate_all_forward()
-
-def optimize_bridge_1(metainterp_sd, bridge, enable_opts,
-                      inline_short_preamble=True, retraced=False):
-    """The same, but for a bridge. """
-    enable_opts = enable_opts.copy()
-    try:
-        del enable_opts['unroll']
-    except KeyError:
-        pass
-    optimize_loop_1(metainterp_sd, bridge, enable_opts,
-                    inline_short_preamble, retraced)
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    print ALL_OPTS_NAMES
-
 def optimize_trace(metainterp_sd, loop, enable_opts, inline_short_preamble=True):
     """Optimize loop.operations to remove internal overheadish operations.
     """
@@ -96,3 +68,6 @@
     finally:
         debug_stop("jit-optimize")
         
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    print ALL_OPTS_NAMES
+
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/optimizer.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/optimizer.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/optimizer.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/optimizer.py
@@ -453,6 +453,7 @@
 
     def clear_newoperations(self):
         self._newoperations = []
+        self.seen_results = {}
 
     def make_equal_to(self, box, value, replace=False):
         assert isinstance(value, OptValue)
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/simplify.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/simplify.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/simplify.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/simplify.py
@@ -35,6 +35,9 @@
         pass
 
     def optimize_LABEL(self, op):
+        descr = op.getdescr()
+        if isinstance(descr, JitCellToken):
+            return self.optimize_JUMP(op.copy_and_change(rop.JUMP))
         self.last_label_descr = op.getdescr()
         self.emit_operation(op)
         
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/test/test_multilabel.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/test/test_multilabel.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/test/test_multilabel.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/test/test_multilabel.py
@@ -1,21 +1,25 @@
+from __future__ import with_statement
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.optimizeopt.test.test_util import (
-    LLtypeMixin, BaseTest, Storage, _sortboxes, FakeDescrWithSnapshot)
+    LLtypeMixin, BaseTest, Storage, _sortboxes, FakeDescrWithSnapshot,
+    FakeMetaInterpStaticData)
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import TreeLoop, JitCellToken, TargetToken
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.resoperation import rop, opname, ResOperation
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.optimize import InvalidLoop
 from py.test import raises
+from pypy.jit.metainterp.optimizeopt.optimizer import Optimization
+from pypy.jit.metainterp.optimizeopt.util import make_dispatcher_method
 
 class BaseTestMultiLabel(BaseTest):
     enable_opts = "intbounds:rewrite:virtualize:string:earlyforce:pure:heap:unroll"
 
-    def optimize_loop(self, ops, expected):
+    def optimize_loop(self, ops, expected, expected_shorts=None):
         loop = self.parse(ops)
         if expected != "crash!":
             expected = self.parse(expected)
 
         part = TreeLoop('part')
         part.inputargs = loop.inputargs
-        part.start_resumedescr = FakeDescrWithSnapshot()
+        part.resume_at_jump_descr = FakeDescrWithSnapshot()
         token = loop.original_jitcell_token
 
         optimized = TreeLoop('optimized')
@@ -32,15 +36,17 @@
             if nxt < len(loop.operations):
                 label = loop.operations[nxt]
                 assert label.getopnum() == rop.LABEL
-                jumpop = ResOperation(rop.JUMP, label.getarglist(),
-                                      None, descr=token)
-                operations.append(jumpop)
+                if label.getdescr() is None:
+                    label.setdescr(token)
+                operations.append(label)
             part.operations = operations
+
             self._do_optimize_loop(part, None)
             if part.operations[-1].getopnum() == rop.LABEL:
                 last_label = [part.operations.pop()]
             else:
                 last_label = []
+            
             optimized.operations.extend(part.operations)
             prv = nxt + 1
         
@@ -53,11 +59,36 @@
             print 'Failed!'
         print
 
+        shorts = [op.getdescr().short_preamble
+                  for op in optimized.operations
+                  if op.getopnum() == rop.LABEL]
+
+        if expected_shorts:
+            for short in shorts:
+                print
+                print "Short preamble:"
+                print '\n'.join([str(o) for o in short])
+
+
         assert expected != "crash!", "should have raised an exception"
         self.assert_equal(optimized, expected)
 
+        if expected_shorts:
+            assert len(shorts) == len(expected_shorts)
+            for short, expected_short in zip(shorts, expected_shorts):
+                expected_short = self.parse(expected_short)
+                short_preamble = TreeLoop('short preamble')
+                assert short[0].getopnum() == rop.LABEL
+                short_preamble.inputargs = short[0].getarglist()
+                short_preamble.operations = short
+                self.assert_equal(short_preamble, expected_short,
+                                  text_right='expected short preamble')
+
+        
         return optimized
 
+class OptimizeoptTestMultiLabel(BaseTestMultiLabel):
+
     def test_simple(self):
         ops = """
         [i1]
@@ -193,8 +224,217 @@
         """
         with raises(InvalidLoop):
             self.optimize_loop(ops, ops)
+
+    def test_two_intermediate_labels_basic_1(self):
+        ops = """
+        [p1, i1]
+        i2 = getfield_gc(p1, descr=valuedescr)
+        label(p1, i1)
+        i3 = getfield_gc(p1, descr=valuedescr)
+        i4 = int_add(i1, i3)
+        label(p1, i4)
+        i5 = int_add(i4, 1)
+        jump(p1, i5)
+        """
+        expected = """
+        [p1, i1]
+        i2 = getfield_gc(p1, descr=valuedescr)
+        label(p1, i1, i2)
+        i4 = int_add(i1, i2)
+        label(p1, i4)
+        i5 = int_add(i4, 1)
+        jump(p1, i5)
+        """
+        short1 = """
+        [p1, i1]
+        label(p1, i1)
+        i2 = getfield_gc(p1, descr=valuedescr)
+        jump(p1, i1, i2)
+        """
+        short2 = """
+        [p1, i1]
+        label(p1, i1)
+        jump(p1, i1)
+        """
+        self.optimize_loop(ops, expected, expected_shorts=[short1, short2])
+
+    def test_two_intermediate_labels_basic_2(self):
+        ops = """
+        [p1, i1]
+        i2 = int_add(i1, 1)
+        label(p1, i1)
+        i3 = getfield_gc(p1, descr=valuedescr)
+        i4 = int_add(i1, i3)
+        label(p1, i4)
+        i5 = getfield_gc(p1, descr=valuedescr)
+        i6 = int_add(i4, i5)
+        jump(p1, i6)
+        """
+        expected = """
+        [p1, i1]
+        i2 = int_add(i1, 1)
+        label(p1, i1)
+        i3 = getfield_gc(p1, descr=valuedescr)
+        i4 = int_add(i1, i3)
+        label(p1, i4, i3)
+        i6 = int_add(i4, i3)
+        jump(p1, i6, i3)
+        """
+        short1 = """
+        [p1, i1]
+        label(p1, i1)
+        jump(p1, i1)
+        """
+        short2 = """
+        [p1, i1]
+        label(p1, i1)
+        i2 = getfield_gc(p1, descr=valuedescr)
+        jump(p1, i1, i2)
+        """
+        self.optimize_loop(ops, expected, expected_shorts=[short1, short2])
+
+    def test_two_intermediate_labels_both(self):
+        ops = """
+        [p1, i1]
+        i2 = getfield_gc(p1, descr=valuedescr)
+        label(p1, i1)
+        i3 = getfield_gc(p1, descr=valuedescr)
+        i4 = int_add(i1, i3)
+        label(p1, i4)
+        i5 = getfield_gc(p1, descr=valuedescr)
+        i6 = int_mul(i4, i5)
+        jump(p1, i6)
+        """
+        expected = """
+        [p1, i1]
+        i2 = getfield_gc(p1, descr=valuedescr)
+        label(p1, i1, i2)
+        i4 = int_add(i1, i2)
+        label(p1, i4, i2)
+        i6 = int_mul(i4, i2)
+        jump(p1, i6, i2)
+        """
+        short = """
+        [p1, i1]
+        label(p1, i1)
+        i2 = getfield_gc(p1, descr=valuedescr)        
+        jump(p1, i1, i2)
+        """
+        self.optimize_loop(ops, expected, expected_shorts=[short, short])
+
+    def test_import_across_multiple_labels_basic(self):
+        # Not supported, juts make sure we get a functional trace
+        ops = """
+        [p1, i1]
+        i2 = getfield_gc(p1, descr=valuedescr)
+        label(p1, i1)
+        i3 = int_add(i1, 1)
+        label(p1, i1)
+        i4 = getfield_gc(p1, descr=valuedescr)
+        i5 = int_add(i4, 1)
+        jump(p1, i5)
+        """
+        self.optimize_loop(ops, ops)
+
+    def test_import_across_multiple_labels_with_duplication(self):
+        # Not supported, juts make sure we get a functional trace
+        ops = """
+        [p1, i1]
+        i2 = getfield_gc(p1, descr=valuedescr)
+        label(p1, i2)
+        i3 = int_add(i2, 1)
+        label(p1, i2)
+        i4 = getfield_gc(p1, descr=valuedescr)
+        i5 = int_add(i4, 1)
+        jump(p1, i5)
+        """
+        exported = """
+        [p1, i1]
+        i2 = getfield_gc(p1, descr=valuedescr)
+        i6 = same_as(i2)
+        label(p1, i2)
+        i3 = int_add(i2, 1)
+        label(p1, i2)
+        i4 = getfield_gc(p1, descr=valuedescr)
+        i5 = int_add(i4, 1)
+        jump(p1, i5)
+        """
+        self.optimize_loop(ops, exported)
+    
+    def test_import_virtual_across_multiple_labels(self):
+        ops = """
+        [p0, i1]
+        i1a = int_add(i1, 1)
+        pv = new_with_vtable(ConstClass(node_vtable))
+        setfield_gc(pv, i1a, descr=valuedescr)
+        label(pv, i1)
+        i2 = int_mul(i1, 3)
+        label(pv, i2)
+        i3 = getfield_gc(pv, descr=valuedescr)
+        i4 = int_add(i3, i2)
+        jump(pv, i4)
+        """
+        expected = """
+        [p0, i1]
+        i1a = int_add(i1, 1)
+        i5 = same_as(i1a)
+        label(i1a, i1)
+        i2 = int_mul(i1, 3)
+        label(i1a, i2)
+        i4 = int_add(i1a, i2)
+        jump(i1a, i4)
+        """
+        self.optimize_loop(ops, expected)
+
+
+class OptRenameStrlen(Optimization):
+    def propagate_forward(self, op):
+        dispatch_opt(self, op)
+
+    def optimize_STRLEN(self, op):
+        newop = op.clone()
+        newop.result = op.result.clonebox()
+        self.emit_operation(newop)
+        self.make_equal_to(op.result, self.getvalue(newop.result))
+    
+dispatch_opt = make_dispatcher_method(OptRenameStrlen, 'optimize_',
+                                      default=OptRenameStrlen.emit_operation)
+
+class BaseTestOptimizerRenamingBoxes(BaseTestMultiLabel):
+
+    def _do_optimize_loop(self, loop, call_pure_results):
+        from pypy.jit.metainterp.optimizeopt.unroll import optimize_unroll
+        from pypy.jit.metainterp.optimizeopt.util import args_dict
+        from pypy.jit.metainterp.optimizeopt.pure import OptPure
+
+        self.loop = loop
+        loop.call_pure_results = args_dict()
+        metainterp_sd = FakeMetaInterpStaticData(self.cpu)
+        optimize_unroll(metainterp_sd, loop, [OptRenameStrlen(), OptPure()], True)
+
+    def test_optimizer_renaming_boxes(self):
+        ops = """
+        [p1]
+        i1 = strlen(p1)
+        label(p1)
+        i2 = strlen(p1)
+        i3 = int_add(i2, 7)
+        jump(p1)
+        """
+        expected = """
+        [p1]
+        i1 = strlen(p1)
+        label(p1, i1)
+        i11 = same_as(i1)
+        i2 = int_add(i11, 7)
+        jump(p1, i11)
+        """
+        self.optimize_loop(ops, expected)
+
         
-    
-class TestLLtype(BaseTestMultiLabel, LLtypeMixin):
+
+class TestLLtype(OptimizeoptTestMultiLabel, LLtypeMixin):
     pass
 
+class TestOptimizerRenamingBoxesLLtype(BaseTestOptimizerRenamingBoxes, LLtypeMixin):
+    pass
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/test/test_optimizeopt.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/test/test_optimizeopt.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/test/test_optimizeopt.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/test/test_optimizeopt.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
     LLtypeMixin, BaseTest, Storage, _sortboxes, convert_old_style_to_targets)
 import pypy.jit.metainterp.optimizeopt.optimizer as optimizeopt
 import pypy.jit.metainterp.optimizeopt.virtualize as virtualize
-from pypy.jit.metainterp.optimizeopt import optimize_loop_1, ALL_OPTS_DICT, build_opt_chain
+from pypy.jit.metainterp.optimizeopt import ALL_OPTS_DICT, build_opt_chain
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.optimize import InvalidLoop
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import AbstractDescr, ConstInt, BoxInt
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import TreeLoop, JitCellToken, TargetToken
@@ -4211,7 +4211,6 @@
         preamble = """
         [p0]
         i0 = strlen(p0)
-        i3 = same_as(i0) # Should be killed by backend        
         jump(p0)
         """
         expected = """
@@ -5668,8 +5667,7 @@
         p3 = newstr(i3)
         copystrcontent(p1, p3, 0, 0, i1)
         copystrcontent(p2, p3, 0, i1, i2)
-        i7 = same_as(i2)        
-        jump(p2, p3, i7)
+        jump(p2, p3, i2)
         """
         expected = """
         [p1, p2, i1]
@@ -5744,9 +5742,7 @@
         copystrcontent(p1, p5, 0, 0, i1)
         copystrcontent(p2, p5, 0, i1, i2)
         copystrcontent(p3, p5, 0, i12, i3)
-        i129 = same_as(i2)
-        i130 = same_as(i3)
-        jump(p2, p3, p5, i129, i130)
+        jump(p2, p3, p5, i2, i3)
         """
         expected = """
         [p1, p2, p3, i1, i2]
@@ -5959,8 +5955,7 @@
         p4 = newstr(i5)
         copystrcontent(p1, p4, i1, 0, i3)
         copystrcontent(p2, p4, 0, i3, i4)
-        i9 = same_as(i4)
-        jump(p4, i1, i2, p2, i5, i3, i9)
+        jump(p4, i1, i2, p2, i5, i3, i4)
         """
         expected = """
         [p1, i1, i2, p2, i5, i3, i4]
@@ -6082,9 +6077,7 @@
         copystrcontent(p2, p4, 0, i1, i2)
         i0 = call(0, p3, p4, descr=strequaldescr)
         escape(i0)
-        i11 = same_as(i1)
-        i12 = same_as(i2)
-        jump(p1, p2, p3, i3, i11, i12)
+        jump(p1, p2, p3, i3, i1, i2)
         """
         expected = """
         [p1, p2, p3, i3, i1, i2]
@@ -6304,7 +6297,6 @@
         i1 = strlen(p1)
         i0 = int_eq(i1, 0)
         escape(i0)
-        i3 = same_as(i1)        
         jump(p1, i0)
         """
         self.optimize_strunicode_loop_extradescrs(ops, expected, preamble)
@@ -6350,9 +6342,7 @@
         copystrcontent(p2, p4, 0, i1, i2)
         i0 = call(0, s"hello world", p4, descr=streq_nonnull_descr)
         escape(i0)
-        i11 = same_as(i1)
-        i12 = same_as(i2)
-        jump(p1, p2, i3, i11, i12)
+        jump(p1, p2, i3, i1, i2)
         """
         expected = """
         [p1, p2, i3, i1, i2]
@@ -6925,8 +6915,7 @@
         [p9]
         i843 = strlen(p9)
         call(i843, descr=nonwritedescr)
-        i0 = same_as(i843)
-        jump(p9, i0)
+        jump(p9, i843)
         """
         short = """
         [p9]
@@ -7770,7 +7759,7 @@
         jump(i0, p0, i2)
         """
         self.optimize_loop(ops, expected)
-
+        
 class TestLLtype(OptimizeOptTest, LLtypeMixin):
     pass
 
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/test/test_util.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/test/test_util.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/test/test_util.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/test/test_util.py
@@ -430,18 +430,18 @@
 
         preamble = TreeLoop('preamble')
         preamble.inputargs = inputargs
-        preamble.start_resumedescr = FakeDescrWithSnapshot()
+        preamble.resume_at_jump_descr = FakeDescrWithSnapshot()
 
         token = JitCellToken() 
         preamble.operations = [ResOperation(rop.LABEL, inputargs, None, descr=TargetToken(token))] + \
                               operations +  \
-                              [ResOperation(rop.JUMP, jump_args, None, descr=token)]
+                              [ResOperation(rop.LABEL, jump_args, None, descr=token)]
         self._do_optimize_loop(preamble, call_pure_results)
 
         assert preamble.operations[-1].getopnum() == rop.LABEL
 
         inliner = Inliner(inputargs, jump_args)
-        loop.start_resumedescr = preamble.start_resumedescr
+        loop.resume_at_jump_descr = preamble.resume_at_jump_descr
         loop.operations = [preamble.operations[-1]] + \
                           [inliner.inline_op(op, clone=False) for op in cloned_operations] + \
                           [ResOperation(rop.JUMP, [inliner.inline_arg(a) for a in jump_args],
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/unroll.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/unroll.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/unroll.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/unroll.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.compile import ResumeGuardDescr
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import TreeLoop, TargetToken, JitCellToken
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.jitexc import JitException
-from pypy.jit.metainterp.optimize import InvalidLoop, RetraceLoop
+from pypy.jit.metainterp.optimize import InvalidLoop
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.optimizeopt.optimizer import *
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.optimizeopt.generalize import KillHugeIntBounds
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.inliner import Inliner
@@ -51,10 +51,10 @@
     distinction anymore)"""
 
     inline_short_preamble = True
-    did_import = False
     
     def __init__(self, metainterp_sd, loop, optimizations):
         self.optimizer = UnrollableOptimizer(metainterp_sd, loop, optimizations)
+        self.boxes_created_this_iteration = None
 
     def fix_snapshot(self, jump_args, snapshot):
         if snapshot is None:
@@ -71,7 +71,6 @@
         loop = self.optimizer.loop
         self.optimizer.clear_newoperations()
 
-
         start_label = loop.operations[0]
         if start_label.getopnum() == rop.LABEL:
             loop.operations = loop.operations[1:]
@@ -82,7 +81,7 @@
             start_label = None            
 
         jumpop = loop.operations[-1]
-        if jumpop.getopnum() == rop.JUMP:
+        if jumpop.getopnum() == rop.JUMP or jumpop.getopnum() == rop.LABEL:
             loop.operations = loop.operations[:-1]
         else:
             jumpop = None
@@ -91,48 +90,87 @@
         self.optimizer.propagate_all_forward(clear=False)
 
         if not jumpop:
-            return 
-        if self.jump_to_already_compiled_trace(jumpop):
-            # Found a compiled trace to jump to
-            if self.did_import:
-
-                self.close_bridge(start_label)
-                self.finilize_short_preamble(start_label)
             return
 
         cell_token = jumpop.getdescr()
         assert isinstance(cell_token, JitCellToken)
         stop_label = ResOperation(rop.LABEL, jumpop.getarglist(), None, TargetToken(cell_token))
 
-        if not self.did_import: # Enforce the previous behaviour of always peeling  exactly one iteration (for now)
-            self.optimizer.flush()
-            KillHugeIntBounds(self.optimizer).apply()
+        
+        if jumpop.getopnum() == rop.JUMP:
+            if self.jump_to_already_compiled_trace(jumpop):
+                # Found a compiled trace to jump to
+                if self.short:
+                    # Construct our short preamble
+                    assert start_label
+                    self.close_bridge(start_label)
+                return
 
-            loop.operations = self.optimizer.get_newoperations()
-            self.export_state(stop_label)
-            loop.operations.append(stop_label)            
-        else:
-            assert stop_label
+            if start_label and self.jump_to_start_label(start_label, stop_label):
+                # Initial label matches, jump to it
+                jumpop = ResOperation(rop.JUMP, stop_label.getarglist(), None,
+                                      descr=start_label.getdescr())
+                if self.short:
+                    # Construct our short preamble
+                    self.close_loop(start_label, jumpop)
+                else:
+                    self.optimizer.send_extra_operation(jumpop)
+                return
+
+            if cell_token.target_tokens:
+                limit = self.optimizer.metainterp_sd.warmrunnerdesc.memory_manager.retrace_limit
+                if cell_token.retraced_count < limit:
+                    cell_token.retraced_count += 1
+                    debug_print('Retracing (%d/%d)' % (cell_token.retraced_count, limit))
+                else:
+                    debug_print("Retrace count reached, jumping to preamble")
+                    assert cell_token.target_tokens[0].virtual_state is None
+                    jumpop.setdescr(cell_token.target_tokens[0])
+                    self.optimizer.send_extra_operation(jumpop)
+                    return
+
+        # Found nothing to jump to, emit a label instead
+        
+        if self.short:
+            # Construct our short preamble
             assert start_label
-            stop_target = stop_label.getdescr()
-            start_target = start_label.getdescr()
-            assert isinstance(stop_target, TargetToken)
-            assert isinstance(start_target, TargetToken)
-            assert stop_target.targeting_jitcell_token is start_target.targeting_jitcell_token
-            jumpop = ResOperation(rop.JUMP, stop_label.getarglist(), None, descr=start_label.getdescr())
+            self.close_bridge(start_label)
 
-            self.close_loop(jumpop)
-            self.finilize_short_preamble(start_label)
+        self.optimizer.flush()
+        KillHugeIntBounds(self.optimizer).apply()
+
+        loop.operations = self.optimizer.get_newoperations()
+        self.export_state(stop_label)
+        loop.operations.append(stop_label)
+
+    def jump_to_start_label(self, start_label, stop_label):
+        if not start_label or not stop_label:
+            return False
+        
+        stop_target = stop_label.getdescr()
+        start_target = start_label.getdescr()
+        assert isinstance(stop_target, TargetToken)
+        assert isinstance(start_target, TargetToken)
+        if stop_target.targeting_jitcell_token is not start_target.targeting_jitcell_token:
+            return False
+
+        return True
+
+        #args = stop_label.getarglist()
+        #modifier = VirtualStateAdder(self.optimizer)
+        #virtual_state = modifier.get_virtual_state(args)
+        #if self.initial_virtual_state.generalization_of(virtual_state):
+        #    return True
+        
 
     def export_state(self, targetop):
         original_jump_args = targetop.getarglist()
         jump_args = [self.getvalue(a).get_key_box() for a in original_jump_args]
 
-        assert self.optimizer.loop.start_resumedescr
-        start_resumedescr = self.optimizer.loop.start_resumedescr.clone_if_mutable()
-        assert isinstance(start_resumedescr, ResumeGuardDescr)
-        start_resumedescr.rd_snapshot = self.fix_snapshot(jump_args, start_resumedescr.rd_snapshot)
-        # FIXME: I dont thnik we need fix_snapshot anymore
+        assert self.optimizer.loop.resume_at_jump_descr
+        resume_at_jump_descr = self.optimizer.loop.resume_at_jump_descr.clone_if_mutable()
+        assert isinstance(resume_at_jump_descr, ResumeGuardDescr)
+        resume_at_jump_descr.rd_snapshot = self.fix_snapshot(jump_args, resume_at_jump_descr.rd_snapshot)
 
         modifier = VirtualStateAdder(self.optimizer)
         virtual_state = modifier.get_virtual_state(jump_args)
@@ -141,26 +179,21 @@
         inputargs = virtual_state.make_inputargs(values, self.optimizer)
         short_inputargs = virtual_state.make_inputargs(values, self.optimizer, keyboxes=True)
 
-        constant_inputargs = {}
-        for box in jump_args: 
-            const = self.get_constant_box(box)
-            if const:
-                constant_inputargs[box] = const
 
-        short_boxes = ShortBoxes(self.optimizer, inputargs + constant_inputargs.keys())
-        aliased_vrituals = {}
-        for i in range(len(original_jump_args)):
-            if original_jump_args[i] is not jump_args[i]:
-                if values[i].is_virtual():
-                    aliased_vrituals[original_jump_args[i]] = jump_args[i] 
-                else:
-                    short_boxes.alias(original_jump_args[i], jump_args[i])
+        if self.boxes_created_this_iteration is not None:
+            for box in self.inputargs:
+                self.boxes_created_this_iteration[box] = True
+
+        short_boxes = ShortBoxes(self.optimizer, inputargs,
+                                 self.boxes_created_this_iteration)
 
         self.optimizer.clear_newoperations()
-        for box in short_inputargs:
-            value = self.getvalue(box)
-            if value.is_virtual():
-                value.force_box(self.optimizer)
+        for i in range(len(original_jump_args)):
+            if values[i].is_virtual():
+                values[i].force_box(self.optimizer)
+            if original_jump_args[i] is not jump_args[i]:
+                op = ResOperation(rop.SAME_AS, [jump_args[i]], original_jump_args[i])
+                self.optimizer.emit_operation(op)
         inputarg_setup_ops = self.optimizer.get_newoperations()
 
         target_token = targetop.getdescr()
@@ -168,78 +201,81 @@
         targetop.initarglist(inputargs)
         target_token.virtual_state = virtual_state
         target_token.short_preamble = [ResOperation(rop.LABEL, short_inputargs, None)]
-        target_token.start_resumedescr = start_resumedescr
-        target_token.exported_state = ExportedState(constant_inputargs, short_boxes,
-                                                    inputarg_setup_ops, self.optimizer,
-                                                    aliased_vrituals, jump_args)
+        target_token.resume_at_jump_descr = resume_at_jump_descr
+
+        exported_values = {}
+        for box in inputargs:
+            exported_values[box] = self.optimizer.getvalue(box)
+        for op in short_boxes.operations():
+            if op and op.result:
+                box = op.result
+                exported_values[box] = self.optimizer.getvalue(box)
+            
+        target_token.exported_state = ExportedState(short_boxes, inputarg_setup_ops,
+                                                    exported_values)
 
     def import_state(self, targetop):
-        self.did_import = False
-        if not targetop:
-            # FIXME: Set up some sort of empty state with no virtuals?
+        if not targetop: # Trace did not start with a label
+            self.inputargs = self.optimizer.loop.inputargs
+            self.short = None
+            self.initial_virtual_state = None
             return
+
+        self.inputargs = targetop.getarglist()
         target_token = targetop.getdescr()
-        if not target_token:
-            return
         assert isinstance(target_token, TargetToken)
         exported_state = target_token.exported_state
         if not exported_state:
-            # FIXME: Set up some sort of empty state with no virtuals
+            # No state exported, construct one without virtuals
+            self.short = None
+            modifier = VirtualStateAdder(self.optimizer)
+            virtual_state = modifier.get_virtual_state(self.inputargs)
+            self.initial_virtual_state = virtual_state
             return
-        self.did_import = True
         
         self.short = target_token.short_preamble[:]
         self.short_seen = {}
-        self.short_boxes = exported_state.short_boxes.clone()
-        for box, const in exported_state.constant_inputargs.items():
-            self.short_seen[box] = True
-        self.imported_state = exported_state
-        self.inputargs = targetop.getarglist()
+        self.short_boxes = exported_state.short_boxes
+        self.short_resume_at_jump_descr = target_token.resume_at_jump_descr
         self.initial_virtual_state = target_token.virtual_state
-        self.start_resumedescr = target_token.start_resumedescr
 
         seen = {}
         for box in self.inputargs:
             if box in seen:
                 continue
             seen[box] = True
-            preamble_value = exported_state.optimizer.getvalue(box)
+            preamble_value = exported_state.exported_values[box]
             value = self.optimizer.getvalue(box)
             value.import_from(preamble_value, self.optimizer)
 
-        for newbox, oldbox in self.short_boxes.aliases.items():
-            self.optimizer.make_equal_to(newbox, self.optimizer.getvalue(oldbox))
-        
         # Setup the state of the new optimizer by emiting the
         # short operations and discarding the result
         self.optimizer.emitting_dissabled = True
         for op in exported_state.inputarg_setup_ops:
             self.optimizer.send_extra_operation(op)
+
         seen = {}
-        
         for op in self.short_boxes.operations():
             self.ensure_short_op_emitted(op, self.optimizer, seen)
             if op and op.result:
-                preamble_value = exported_state.optimizer.getvalue(op.result)
+                preamble_value = exported_state.exported_values[op.result]
                 value = self.optimizer.getvalue(op.result)
                 if not value.is_virtual():
                     imp = ValueImporter(self, preamble_value, op)
                     self.optimizer.importable_values[value] = imp
                 newvalue = self.optimizer.getvalue(op.result)
                 newresult = newvalue.get_key_box()
+                # note that emitting here SAME_AS should not happen, but
+                # in case it does, we would prefer to be suboptimal in asm
+                # to a fatal RPython exception.
                 if newresult is not op.result and not newvalue.is_constant():
-                    self.short_boxes.alias(newresult, op.result)
                     op = ResOperation(rop.SAME_AS, [op.result], newresult)
-                    self.optimizer._newoperations = [op] + self.optimizer._newoperations # XXX
-                    #self.optimizer.getvalue(op.result).box = op.result # FIXME: HACK!!!
+                    self.optimizer._newoperations.append(op)
         self.optimizer.flush()
         self.optimizer.emitting_dissabled = False
 
-        for box, key_box in exported_state.aliased_vrituals.items():
-            self.optimizer.make_equal_to(box, self.getvalue(key_box))
-
     def close_bridge(self, start_label):
-        inputargs = self.inputargs        
+        inputargs = self.inputargs
         short_jumpargs = inputargs[:]
 
         # We dont need to inline the short preamble we are creating as we are conneting
@@ -249,8 +285,6 @@
         newoperations = self.optimizer.get_newoperations()
         self.boxes_created_this_iteration = {}
         i = 0
-        while newoperations[i].getopnum() != rop.LABEL:
-            i += 1
         while i < len(newoperations):
             op = newoperations[i]
             self.boxes_created_this_iteration[op.result] = True
@@ -262,11 +296,11 @@
             i += 1
             newoperations = self.optimizer.get_newoperations()
         self.short.append(ResOperation(rop.JUMP, short_jumpargs, None, descr=start_label.getdescr()))
-        
-    def close_loop(self, jumpop):
+        self.finilize_short_preamble(start_label)
+
+    def close_loop(self, start_label, jumpop):
         virtual_state = self.initial_virtual_state
         short_inputargs = self.short[0].getarglist()
-        constant_inputargs = self.imported_state.constant_inputargs
         inputargs = self.inputargs
         short_jumpargs = inputargs[:]
 
@@ -289,8 +323,6 @@
                     raise InvalidLoop
             args[short_inputargs[i]] = jmp_to_short_args[i]
         self.short_inliner = Inliner(short_inputargs, jmp_to_short_args)
-        for box, const in constant_inputargs.items():
-            self.short_inliner.argmap[box] = const
         for op in self.short[1:]:
             newop = self.short_inliner.inline_op(op)
             self.optimizer.send_extra_operation(newop)
@@ -299,8 +331,6 @@
         newoperations = self.optimizer.get_newoperations()
         self.boxes_created_this_iteration = {}
         i = j = 0
-        while newoperations[i].getopnum() != rop.LABEL:
-            i += 1
         while i < len(newoperations) or j < len(jumpargs):
             if i == len(newoperations):
                 while j < len(jumpargs):
@@ -353,6 +383,8 @@
             assert isinstance(target_token, TargetToken)
             target_token.targeting_jitcell_token.retraced_count = sys.maxint
             
+        self.finilize_short_preamble(start_label)
+            
     def finilize_short_preamble(self, start_label):
         short = self.short
         assert short[-1].getopnum() == rop.JUMP
@@ -365,7 +397,7 @@
             if op.is_guard():
                 op = op.clone()
                 op.setfailargs(None)
-                descr = target_token.start_resumedescr.clone_if_mutable()
+                descr = target_token.resume_at_jump_descr.clone_if_mutable()
                 op.setdescr(descr)
                 short[i] = op
 
@@ -381,13 +413,11 @@
                 newargs[i] = a.clonebox()
                 boxmap[a] = newargs[i]
         inliner = Inliner(short_inputargs, newargs)
-        for box, const in self.imported_state.constant_inputargs.items():
-            inliner.argmap[box] = const
         for i in range(len(short)):
             short[i] = inliner.inline_op(short[i])
 
-        target_token.start_resumedescr = self.start_resumedescr.clone_if_mutable()            
-        inliner.inline_descr_inplace(target_token.start_resumedescr)
+        target_token.resume_at_jump_descr = target_token.resume_at_jump_descr.clone_if_mutable()
+        inliner.inline_descr_inplace(target_token.resume_at_jump_descr)
 
         # Forget the values to allow them to be freed
         for box in short[0].getarglist():
@@ -398,31 +428,6 @@
         target_token.short_preamble = self.short
         target_token.exported_state = None
 
-        
-    def FIXME_old_stuff():
-            preamble_optimizer = self.optimizer


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