[pypy-commit] pypy arm-backend-2: merge default

bivab noreply at buildbot.pypy.org
Fri Dec 30 17:12:58 CET 2011


Author: David Schneider <david.schneider at picle.org>
Branch: arm-backend-2
Changeset: r50958:16f44a7dcbb5
Date: 2011-12-29 10:24 +0100
http://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/changeset/16f44a7dcbb5/

Log:	merge default

diff too long, truncating to 10000 out of 21761 lines

diff --git a/lib-python/modified-2.7/ctypes/test/test_callbacks.py b/lib-python/modified-2.7/ctypes/test/test_callbacks.py
--- a/lib-python/modified-2.7/ctypes/test/test_callbacks.py
+++ b/lib-python/modified-2.7/ctypes/test/test_callbacks.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import unittest
 from ctypes import *
+from ctypes.test import xfail
 import _ctypes_test
 
 class Callbacks(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -98,6 +99,7 @@
 ##        self.check_type(c_char_p, "abc")
 ##        self.check_type(c_char_p, "def")
 
+    @xfail
     def test_pyobject(self):
         o = ()
         from sys import getrefcount as grc
diff --git a/lib-python/modified-2.7/ctypes/test/test_libc.py b/lib-python/modified-2.7/ctypes/test/test_libc.py
--- a/lib-python/modified-2.7/ctypes/test/test_libc.py
+++ b/lib-python/modified-2.7/ctypes/test/test_libc.py
@@ -25,7 +25,10 @@
         lib.my_qsort(chars, len(chars)-1, sizeof(c_char), comparefunc(sort))
         self.assertEqual(chars.raw, "   ,,aaaadmmmnpppsss\x00")
 
-    def test_no_more_xfail(self):
+    def SKIPPED_test_no_more_xfail(self):
+        # We decided to not explicitly support the whole ctypes-2.7
+        # and instead go for a case-by-case, demand-driven approach.
+        # So this test is skipped instead of failing.
         import socket
         import ctypes.test
         self.assertTrue(not hasattr(ctypes.test, 'xfail'),
diff --git a/lib_pypy/_sqlite3.py b/lib_pypy/_sqlite3.py
--- a/lib_pypy/_sqlite3.py
+++ b/lib_pypy/_sqlite3.py
@@ -231,8 +231,10 @@
 sqlite.sqlite3_result_text.argtypes = [c_void_p, c_char_p, c_int, c_void_p]
 sqlite.sqlite3_result_text.restype = None
 
-sqlite.sqlite3_enable_load_extension.argtypes = [c_void_p, c_int]
-sqlite.sqlite3_enable_load_extension.restype = c_int
+HAS_LOAD_EXTENSION = hasattr(sqlite, "sqlite3_enable_load_extension")
+if HAS_LOAD_EXTENSION:
+    sqlite.sqlite3_enable_load_extension.argtypes = [c_void_p, c_int]
+    sqlite.sqlite3_enable_load_extension.restype = c_int
 
 ##########################################
 # END Wrapped SQLite C API and constants
@@ -708,13 +710,14 @@
         from sqlite3.dump import _iterdump
         return _iterdump(self)
 
-    def enable_load_extension(self, enabled):
-        self._check_thread()
-        self._check_closed()
+    if HAS_LOAD_EXTENSION:
+        def enable_load_extension(self, enabled):
+            self._check_thread()
+            self._check_closed()
 
-        rc = sqlite.sqlite3_enable_load_extension(self.db, int(enabled))
-        if rc != SQLITE_OK:
-            raise OperationalError("Error enabling load extension")
+            rc = sqlite.sqlite3_enable_load_extension(self.db, int(enabled))
+            if rc != SQLITE_OK:
+                raise OperationalError("Error enabling load extension")
 
 DML, DQL, DDL = range(3)
 
diff --git a/pypy/annotation/description.py b/pypy/annotation/description.py
--- a/pypy/annotation/description.py
+++ b/pypy/annotation/description.py
@@ -180,7 +180,12 @@
         if name is None:
             name = pyobj.func_name
         if signature is None:
-            signature = cpython_code_signature(pyobj.func_code)
+            if hasattr(pyobj, '_generator_next_method_of_'):
+                from pypy.interpreter.argument import Signature
+                signature = Signature(['entry'])     # haaaaaack
+                defaults = ()
+            else:
+                signature = cpython_code_signature(pyobj.func_code)
         if defaults is None:
             defaults = pyobj.func_defaults
         self.name = name
diff --git a/pypy/doc/config/objspace.std.withspecialisedtuple.txt b/pypy/doc/config/objspace.std.withspecialisedtuple.txt
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pypy/doc/config/objspace.std.withspecialisedtuple.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Use "specialized tuples", a custom implementation for some common kinds
+of tuples.  Currently limited to tuples of length 2, in three variants:
+(int, int), (float, float), and a generic (object, object).
diff --git a/pypy/interpreter/astcompiler/ast.py b/pypy/interpreter/astcompiler/ast.py
--- a/pypy/interpreter/astcompiler/ast.py
+++ b/pypy/interpreter/astcompiler/ast.py
@@ -51,6 +51,24 @@
             space.setattr(self, w_name,
                           space.getitem(w_state, w_name))
 
+    def missing_field(self, space, required, host):
+        "Find which required field is missing."
+        state = self.initialization_state
+        for i in range(len(required)):
+            if (state >> i) & 1:
+                continue  # field is present
+            missing = required[i]
+            if missing is None:
+                continue  # field is optional
+            w_obj = self.getdictvalue(space, missing)
+            if w_obj is None:
+                err = "required field \"%s\" missing from %s"
+                raise operationerrfmt(space.w_TypeError, err, missing, host)
+            else:
+                err = "incorrect type for field \"%s\" in %s"
+                raise operationerrfmt(space.w_TypeError, err, missing, host)
+        raise AssertionError("should not reach here")
+
 
 class NodeVisitorNotImplemented(Exception):
     pass
@@ -94,17 +112,6 @@
 )
 
 
-def missing_field(space, state, required, host):
-    "Find which required field is missing."
-    for i in range(len(required)):
-        if not (state >> i) & 1:
-            missing = required[i]
-            if missing is not None:
-                 err = "required field \"%s\" missing from %s"
-                 err = err % (missing, host)
-                 w_err = space.wrap(err)
-                 raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, w_err)
-    raise AssertionError("should not reach here")
 
 
 class mod(AST):
@@ -112,7 +119,6 @@
 
 class Module(mod):
 
-
     def __init__(self, body):
         self.body = body
         self.w_body = None
@@ -128,7 +134,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 1:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['body'], 'Module')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['body'], 'Module')
         else:
             pass
         w_list = self.w_body
@@ -145,7 +151,6 @@
 
 class Interactive(mod):
 
-
     def __init__(self, body):
         self.body = body
         self.w_body = None
@@ -161,7 +166,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 1:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['body'], 'Interactive')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['body'], 'Interactive')
         else:
             pass
         w_list = self.w_body
@@ -178,7 +183,6 @@
 
 class Expression(mod):
 
-
     def __init__(self, body):
         self.body = body
         self.initialization_state = 1
@@ -192,7 +196,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 1:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['body'], 'Expression')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['body'], 'Expression')
         else:
             pass
         self.body.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -200,7 +204,6 @@
 
 class Suite(mod):
 
-
     def __init__(self, body):
         self.body = body
         self.w_body = None
@@ -216,7 +219,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 1:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['body'], 'Suite')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['body'], 'Suite')
         else:
             pass
         w_list = self.w_body
@@ -232,15 +235,13 @@
 
 
 class stmt(AST):
+
     def __init__(self, lineno, col_offset):
         self.lineno = lineno
         self.col_offset = col_offset
 
 class FunctionDef(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 16
-    _col_offset_mask = 32
-
     def __init__(self, name, args, body, decorator_list, lineno, col_offset):
         self.name = name
         self.args = args
@@ -264,7 +265,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 63:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['name', 'args', 'body', 'decorator_list', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'FunctionDef')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'name', 'args', 'body', 'decorator_list'], 'FunctionDef')
         else:
             pass
         self.args.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -292,9 +293,6 @@
 
 class ClassDef(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 16
-    _col_offset_mask = 32
-
     def __init__(self, name, bases, body, decorator_list, lineno, col_offset):
         self.name = name
         self.bases = bases
@@ -320,7 +318,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 63:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['name', 'bases', 'body', 'decorator_list', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'ClassDef')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'name', 'bases', 'body', 'decorator_list'], 'ClassDef')
         else:
             pass
         w_list = self.w_bases
@@ -357,9 +355,6 @@
 
 class Return(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 2
-    _col_offset_mask = 4
-
     def __init__(self, value, lineno, col_offset):
         self.value = value
         stmt.__init__(self, lineno, col_offset)
@@ -374,10 +369,10 @@
         return visitor.visit_Return(self)
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
-        if (self.initialization_state & ~1) ^ 6:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, [None, 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Return')
+        if (self.initialization_state & ~4) ^ 3:
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', None], 'Return')
         else:
-            if not self.initialization_state & 1:
+            if not self.initialization_state & 4:
                 self.value = None
         if self.value:
             self.value.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -385,9 +380,6 @@
 
 class Delete(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 2
-    _col_offset_mask = 4
-
     def __init__(self, targets, lineno, col_offset):
         self.targets = targets
         self.w_targets = None
@@ -404,7 +396,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 7:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['targets', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Delete')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'targets'], 'Delete')
         else:
             pass
         w_list = self.w_targets
@@ -421,9 +413,6 @@
 
 class Assign(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 4
-    _col_offset_mask = 8
-
     def __init__(self, targets, value, lineno, col_offset):
         self.targets = targets
         self.w_targets = None
@@ -442,7 +431,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 15:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['targets', 'value', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Assign')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'targets', 'value'], 'Assign')
         else:
             pass
         w_list = self.w_targets
@@ -460,9 +449,6 @@
 
 class AugAssign(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 8
-    _col_offset_mask = 16
-
     def __init__(self, target, op, value, lineno, col_offset):
         self.target = target
         self.op = op
@@ -480,7 +466,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 31:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['target', 'op', 'value', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'AugAssign')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'target', 'op', 'value'], 'AugAssign')
         else:
             pass
         self.target.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -489,9 +475,6 @@
 
 class Print(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 8
-    _col_offset_mask = 16
-
     def __init__(self, dest, values, nl, lineno, col_offset):
         self.dest = dest
         self.values = values
@@ -511,10 +494,10 @@
         return visitor.visit_Print(self)
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
-        if (self.initialization_state & ~1) ^ 30:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, [None, 'values', 'nl', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Print')
+        if (self.initialization_state & ~4) ^ 27:
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', None, 'values', 'nl'], 'Print')
         else:
-            if not self.initialization_state & 1:
+            if not self.initialization_state & 4:
                 self.dest = None
         if self.dest:
             self.dest.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -532,9 +515,6 @@
 
 class For(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 16
-    _col_offset_mask = 32
-
     def __init__(self, target, iter, body, orelse, lineno, col_offset):
         self.target = target
         self.iter = iter
@@ -559,7 +539,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 63:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['target', 'iter', 'body', 'orelse', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'For')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'target', 'iter', 'body', 'orelse'], 'For')
         else:
             pass
         self.target.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -588,9 +568,6 @@
 
 class While(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 8
-    _col_offset_mask = 16
-
     def __init__(self, test, body, orelse, lineno, col_offset):
         self.test = test
         self.body = body
@@ -613,7 +590,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 31:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['test', 'body', 'orelse', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'While')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'test', 'body', 'orelse'], 'While')
         else:
             pass
         self.test.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -641,9 +618,6 @@
 
 class If(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 8
-    _col_offset_mask = 16
-
     def __init__(self, test, body, orelse, lineno, col_offset):
         self.test = test
         self.body = body
@@ -666,7 +640,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 31:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['test', 'body', 'orelse', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'If')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'test', 'body', 'orelse'], 'If')
         else:
             pass
         self.test.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -694,9 +668,6 @@
 
 class With(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 8
-    _col_offset_mask = 16
-
     def __init__(self, context_expr, optional_vars, body, lineno, col_offset):
         self.context_expr = context_expr
         self.optional_vars = optional_vars
@@ -717,10 +688,10 @@
         return visitor.visit_With(self)
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
-        if (self.initialization_state & ~2) ^ 29:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['context_expr', None, 'body', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'With')
+        if (self.initialization_state & ~8) ^ 23:
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'context_expr', None, 'body'], 'With')
         else:
-            if not self.initialization_state & 2:
+            if not self.initialization_state & 8:
                 self.optional_vars = None
         self.context_expr.sync_app_attrs(space)
         if self.optional_vars:
@@ -739,9 +710,6 @@
 
 class Raise(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 8
-    _col_offset_mask = 16
-
     def __init__(self, type, inst, tback, lineno, col_offset):
         self.type = type
         self.inst = inst
@@ -762,14 +730,14 @@
         return visitor.visit_Raise(self)
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
-        if (self.initialization_state & ~7) ^ 24:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, [None, None, None, 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Raise')
+        if (self.initialization_state & ~28) ^ 3:
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', None, None, None], 'Raise')
         else:
-            if not self.initialization_state & 1:
+            if not self.initialization_state & 4:
                 self.type = None
-            if not self.initialization_state & 2:
+            if not self.initialization_state & 8:
                 self.inst = None
-            if not self.initialization_state & 4:
+            if not self.initialization_state & 16:
                 self.tback = None
         if self.type:
             self.type.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -781,9 +749,6 @@
 
 class TryExcept(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 8
-    _col_offset_mask = 16
-
     def __init__(self, body, handlers, orelse, lineno, col_offset):
         self.body = body
         self.w_body = None
@@ -808,7 +773,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 31:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['body', 'handlers', 'orelse', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'TryExcept')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'body', 'handlers', 'orelse'], 'TryExcept')
         else:
             pass
         w_list = self.w_body
@@ -845,9 +810,6 @@
 
 class TryFinally(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 4
-    _col_offset_mask = 8
-
     def __init__(self, body, finalbody, lineno, col_offset):
         self.body = body
         self.w_body = None
@@ -868,7 +830,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 15:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['body', 'finalbody', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'TryFinally')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'body', 'finalbody'], 'TryFinally')
         else:
             pass
         w_list = self.w_body
@@ -895,9 +857,6 @@
 
 class Assert(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 4
-    _col_offset_mask = 8
-
     def __init__(self, test, msg, lineno, col_offset):
         self.test = test
         self.msg = msg
@@ -914,10 +873,10 @@
         return visitor.visit_Assert(self)
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
-        if (self.initialization_state & ~2) ^ 13:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['test', None, 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Assert')
+        if (self.initialization_state & ~8) ^ 7:
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'test', None], 'Assert')
         else:
-            if not self.initialization_state & 2:
+            if not self.initialization_state & 8:
                 self.msg = None
         self.test.sync_app_attrs(space)
         if self.msg:
@@ -926,9 +885,6 @@
 
 class Import(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 2
-    _col_offset_mask = 4
-
     def __init__(self, names, lineno, col_offset):
         self.names = names
         self.w_names = None
@@ -945,7 +901,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 7:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['names', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Import')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'names'], 'Import')
         else:
             pass
         w_list = self.w_names
@@ -962,9 +918,6 @@
 
 class ImportFrom(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 8
-    _col_offset_mask = 16
-
     def __init__(self, module, names, level, lineno, col_offset):
         self.module = module
         self.names = names
@@ -982,12 +935,12 @@
         return visitor.visit_ImportFrom(self)
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
-        if (self.initialization_state & ~5) ^ 26:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, [None, 'names', None, 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'ImportFrom')
+        if (self.initialization_state & ~20) ^ 11:
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', None, 'names', None], 'ImportFrom')
         else:
-            if not self.initialization_state & 1:
+            if not self.initialization_state & 4:
                 self.module = None
-            if not self.initialization_state & 4:
+            if not self.initialization_state & 16:
                 self.level = 0
         w_list = self.w_names
         if w_list is not None:
@@ -1003,9 +956,6 @@
 
 class Exec(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 8
-    _col_offset_mask = 16
-
     def __init__(self, body, globals, locals, lineno, col_offset):
         self.body = body
         self.globals = globals
@@ -1025,12 +975,12 @@
         return visitor.visit_Exec(self)
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
-        if (self.initialization_state & ~6) ^ 25:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['body', None, None, 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Exec')
+        if (self.initialization_state & ~24) ^ 7:
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'body', None, None], 'Exec')
         else:
-            if not self.initialization_state & 2:
+            if not self.initialization_state & 8:
                 self.globals = None
-            if not self.initialization_state & 4:
+            if not self.initialization_state & 16:
                 self.locals = None
         self.body.sync_app_attrs(space)
         if self.globals:
@@ -1041,9 +991,6 @@
 
 class Global(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 2
-    _col_offset_mask = 4
-
     def __init__(self, names, lineno, col_offset):
         self.names = names
         self.w_names = None
@@ -1058,7 +1005,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 7:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['names', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Global')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'names'], 'Global')
         else:
             pass
         w_list = self.w_names
@@ -1072,9 +1019,6 @@
 
 class Expr(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 2
-    _col_offset_mask = 4
-
     def __init__(self, value, lineno, col_offset):
         self.value = value
         stmt.__init__(self, lineno, col_offset)
@@ -1089,7 +1033,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 7:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['value', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Expr')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'value'], 'Expr')
         else:
             pass
         self.value.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -1097,9 +1041,6 @@
 
 class Pass(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 1
-    _col_offset_mask = 2
-
     def __init__(self, lineno, col_offset):
         stmt.__init__(self, lineno, col_offset)
         self.initialization_state = 3
@@ -1112,16 +1053,13 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 3:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Pass')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Pass')
         else:
             pass
 
 
 class Break(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 1
-    _col_offset_mask = 2
-
     def __init__(self, lineno, col_offset):
         stmt.__init__(self, lineno, col_offset)
         self.initialization_state = 3
@@ -1134,16 +1072,13 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 3:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Break')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Break')
         else:
             pass
 
 
 class Continue(stmt):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 1
-    _col_offset_mask = 2
-
     def __init__(self, lineno, col_offset):
         stmt.__init__(self, lineno, col_offset)
         self.initialization_state = 3
@@ -1156,21 +1091,19 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 3:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Continue')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Continue')
         else:
             pass
 
 
 class expr(AST):
+
     def __init__(self, lineno, col_offset):
         self.lineno = lineno
         self.col_offset = col_offset
 
 class BoolOp(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 4
-    _col_offset_mask = 8
-
     def __init__(self, op, values, lineno, col_offset):
         self.op = op
         self.values = values
@@ -1188,7 +1121,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 15:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['op', 'values', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'BoolOp')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'op', 'values'], 'BoolOp')
         else:
             pass
         w_list = self.w_values
@@ -1205,9 +1138,6 @@
 
 class BinOp(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 8
-    _col_offset_mask = 16
-
     def __init__(self, left, op, right, lineno, col_offset):
         self.left = left
         self.op = op
@@ -1225,7 +1155,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 31:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['left', 'op', 'right', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'BinOp')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'left', 'op', 'right'], 'BinOp')
         else:
             pass
         self.left.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -1234,9 +1164,6 @@
 
 class UnaryOp(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 4
-    _col_offset_mask = 8
-
     def __init__(self, op, operand, lineno, col_offset):
         self.op = op
         self.operand = operand
@@ -1252,7 +1179,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 15:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['op', 'operand', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'UnaryOp')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'op', 'operand'], 'UnaryOp')
         else:
             pass
         self.operand.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -1260,9 +1187,6 @@
 
 class Lambda(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 4
-    _col_offset_mask = 8
-
     def __init__(self, args, body, lineno, col_offset):
         self.args = args
         self.body = body
@@ -1279,7 +1203,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 15:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['args', 'body', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Lambda')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'args', 'body'], 'Lambda')
         else:
             pass
         self.args.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -1288,9 +1212,6 @@
 
 class IfExp(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 8
-    _col_offset_mask = 16
-
     def __init__(self, test, body, orelse, lineno, col_offset):
         self.test = test
         self.body = body
@@ -1309,7 +1230,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 31:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['test', 'body', 'orelse', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'IfExp')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'test', 'body', 'orelse'], 'IfExp')
         else:
             pass
         self.test.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -1319,9 +1240,6 @@
 
 class Dict(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 4
-    _col_offset_mask = 8
-
     def __init__(self, keys, values, lineno, col_offset):
         self.keys = keys
         self.w_keys = None
@@ -1342,7 +1260,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 15:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['keys', 'values', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Dict')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'keys', 'values'], 'Dict')
         else:
             pass
         w_list = self.w_keys
@@ -1369,9 +1287,6 @@
 
 class Set(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 2
-    _col_offset_mask = 4
-
     def __init__(self, elts, lineno, col_offset):
         self.elts = elts
         self.w_elts = None
@@ -1388,7 +1303,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 7:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['elts', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Set')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'elts'], 'Set')
         else:
             pass
         w_list = self.w_elts
@@ -1405,9 +1320,6 @@
 
 class ListComp(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 4
-    _col_offset_mask = 8
-
     def __init__(self, elt, generators, lineno, col_offset):
         self.elt = elt
         self.generators = generators
@@ -1426,7 +1338,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 15:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['elt', 'generators', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'ListComp')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'elt', 'generators'], 'ListComp')
         else:
             pass
         self.elt.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -1444,9 +1356,6 @@
 
 class SetComp(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 4
-    _col_offset_mask = 8
-
     def __init__(self, elt, generators, lineno, col_offset):
         self.elt = elt
         self.generators = generators
@@ -1465,7 +1374,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 15:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['elt', 'generators', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'SetComp')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'elt', 'generators'], 'SetComp')
         else:
             pass
         self.elt.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -1483,9 +1392,6 @@
 
 class DictComp(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 8
-    _col_offset_mask = 16
-
     def __init__(self, key, value, generators, lineno, col_offset):
         self.key = key
         self.value = value
@@ -1506,7 +1412,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 31:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['key', 'value', 'generators', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'DictComp')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'key', 'value', 'generators'], 'DictComp')
         else:
             pass
         self.key.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -1525,9 +1431,6 @@
 
 class GeneratorExp(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 4
-    _col_offset_mask = 8
-
     def __init__(self, elt, generators, lineno, col_offset):
         self.elt = elt
         self.generators = generators
@@ -1546,7 +1449,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 15:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['elt', 'generators', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'GeneratorExp')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'elt', 'generators'], 'GeneratorExp')
         else:
             pass
         self.elt.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -1564,9 +1467,6 @@
 
 class Yield(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 2
-    _col_offset_mask = 4
-
     def __init__(self, value, lineno, col_offset):
         self.value = value
         expr.__init__(self, lineno, col_offset)
@@ -1581,10 +1481,10 @@
         return visitor.visit_Yield(self)
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
-        if (self.initialization_state & ~1) ^ 6:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, [None, 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Yield')
+        if (self.initialization_state & ~4) ^ 3:
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', None], 'Yield')
         else:
-            if not self.initialization_state & 1:
+            if not self.initialization_state & 4:
                 self.value = None
         if self.value:
             self.value.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -1592,9 +1492,6 @@
 
 class Compare(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 8
-    _col_offset_mask = 16
-
     def __init__(self, left, ops, comparators, lineno, col_offset):
         self.left = left
         self.ops = ops
@@ -1615,7 +1512,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 31:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['left', 'ops', 'comparators', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Compare')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'left', 'ops', 'comparators'], 'Compare')
         else:
             pass
         self.left.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -1640,9 +1537,6 @@
 
 class Call(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 32
-    _col_offset_mask = 64
-
     def __init__(self, func, args, keywords, starargs, kwargs, lineno, col_offset):
         self.func = func
         self.args = args
@@ -1670,12 +1564,12 @@
         return visitor.visit_Call(self)
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
-        if (self.initialization_state & ~24) ^ 103:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['func', 'args', 'keywords', None, None, 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Call')
+        if (self.initialization_state & ~96) ^ 31:
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'func', 'args', 'keywords', None, None], 'Call')
         else:
-            if not self.initialization_state & 8:
+            if not self.initialization_state & 32:
                 self.starargs = None
-            if not self.initialization_state & 16:
+            if not self.initialization_state & 64:
                 self.kwargs = None
         self.func.sync_app_attrs(space)
         w_list = self.w_args
@@ -1706,9 +1600,6 @@
 
 class Repr(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 2
-    _col_offset_mask = 4
-
     def __init__(self, value, lineno, col_offset):
         self.value = value
         expr.__init__(self, lineno, col_offset)
@@ -1723,7 +1614,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 7:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['value', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Repr')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'value'], 'Repr')
         else:
             pass
         self.value.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -1731,9 +1622,6 @@
 
 class Num(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 2
-    _col_offset_mask = 4
-
     def __init__(self, n, lineno, col_offset):
         self.n = n
         expr.__init__(self, lineno, col_offset)
@@ -1747,16 +1635,13 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 7:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['n', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Num')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'n'], 'Num')
         else:
             pass
 
 
 class Str(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 2
-    _col_offset_mask = 4
-
     def __init__(self, s, lineno, col_offset):
         self.s = s
         expr.__init__(self, lineno, col_offset)
@@ -1770,16 +1655,13 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 7:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['s', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Str')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 's'], 'Str')
         else:
             pass
 
 
 class Attribute(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 8
-    _col_offset_mask = 16
-
     def __init__(self, value, attr, ctx, lineno, col_offset):
         self.value = value
         self.attr = attr
@@ -1796,7 +1678,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 31:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['value', 'attr', 'ctx', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Attribute')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'value', 'attr', 'ctx'], 'Attribute')
         else:
             pass
         self.value.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -1804,9 +1686,6 @@
 
 class Subscript(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 8
-    _col_offset_mask = 16
-
     def __init__(self, value, slice, ctx, lineno, col_offset):
         self.value = value
         self.slice = slice
@@ -1824,7 +1703,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 31:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['value', 'slice', 'ctx', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Subscript')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'value', 'slice', 'ctx'], 'Subscript')
         else:
             pass
         self.value.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -1833,9 +1712,6 @@
 
 class Name(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 4
-    _col_offset_mask = 8
-
     def __init__(self, id, ctx, lineno, col_offset):
         self.id = id
         self.ctx = ctx
@@ -1850,16 +1726,13 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 15:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['id', 'ctx', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Name')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'id', 'ctx'], 'Name')
         else:
             pass
 
 
 class List(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 4
-    _col_offset_mask = 8
-
     def __init__(self, elts, ctx, lineno, col_offset):
         self.elts = elts
         self.w_elts = None
@@ -1877,7 +1750,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 15:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['elts', 'ctx', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'List')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'elts', 'ctx'], 'List')
         else:
             pass
         w_list = self.w_elts
@@ -1894,9 +1767,6 @@
 
 class Tuple(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 4
-    _col_offset_mask = 8
-
     def __init__(self, elts, ctx, lineno, col_offset):
         self.elts = elts
         self.w_elts = None
@@ -1914,7 +1784,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 15:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['elts', 'ctx', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Tuple')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'elts', 'ctx'], 'Tuple')
         else:
             pass
         w_list = self.w_elts
@@ -1931,9 +1801,6 @@
 
 class Const(expr):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 2
-    _col_offset_mask = 4
-
     def __init__(self, value, lineno, col_offset):
         self.value = value
         expr.__init__(self, lineno, col_offset)
@@ -1947,7 +1814,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 7:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['value', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'Const')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', 'value'], 'Const')
         else:
             pass
 
@@ -2009,7 +1876,6 @@
 
 class Ellipsis(slice):
 
-
     def __init__(self):
         self.initialization_state = 0
 
@@ -2021,14 +1887,13 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 0:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, [], 'Ellipsis')
+            self.missing_field(space, [], 'Ellipsis')
         else:
             pass
 
 
 class Slice(slice):
 
-
     def __init__(self, lower, upper, step):
         self.lower = lower
         self.upper = upper
@@ -2049,7 +1914,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~7) ^ 0:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, [None, None, None], 'Slice')
+            self.missing_field(space, [None, None, None], 'Slice')
         else:
             if not self.initialization_state & 1:
                 self.lower = None
@@ -2067,7 +1932,6 @@
 
 class ExtSlice(slice):
 
-
     def __init__(self, dims):
         self.dims = dims
         self.w_dims = None
@@ -2083,7 +1947,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 1:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['dims'], 'ExtSlice')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['dims'], 'ExtSlice')
         else:
             pass
         w_list = self.w_dims
@@ -2100,7 +1964,6 @@
 
 class Index(slice):
 
-
     def __init__(self, value):
         self.value = value
         self.initialization_state = 1
@@ -2114,7 +1977,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 1:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['value'], 'Index')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['value'], 'Index')
         else:
             pass
         self.value.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -2377,7 +2240,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 7:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['target', 'iter', 'ifs'], 'comprehension')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['target', 'iter', 'ifs'], 'comprehension')
         else:
             pass
         self.target.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -2394,15 +2257,13 @@
                 node.sync_app_attrs(space)
 
 class excepthandler(AST):
+
     def __init__(self, lineno, col_offset):
         self.lineno = lineno
         self.col_offset = col_offset
 
 class ExceptHandler(excepthandler):
 
-    _lineno_mask = 8
-    _col_offset_mask = 16
-
     def __init__(self, type, name, body, lineno, col_offset):
         self.type = type
         self.name = name
@@ -2424,12 +2285,12 @@
         return visitor.visit_ExceptHandler(self)
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
-        if (self.initialization_state & ~3) ^ 28:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, [None, None, 'body', 'lineno', 'col_offset'], 'ExceptHandler')
+        if (self.initialization_state & ~12) ^ 19:
+            self.missing_field(space, ['lineno', 'col_offset', None, None, 'body'], 'ExceptHandler')
         else:
-            if not self.initialization_state & 1:
+            if not self.initialization_state & 4:
                 self.type = None
-            if not self.initialization_state & 2:
+            if not self.initialization_state & 8:
                 self.name = None
         if self.type:
             self.type.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -2470,7 +2331,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~6) ^ 9:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['args', None, None, 'defaults'], 'arguments')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['args', None, None, 'defaults'], 'arguments')
         else:
             if not self.initialization_state & 2:
                 self.vararg = None
@@ -2513,7 +2374,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~0) ^ 3:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['arg', 'value'], 'keyword')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['arg', 'value'], 'keyword')
         else:
             pass
         self.value.sync_app_attrs(space)
@@ -2533,7 +2394,7 @@
 
     def sync_app_attrs(self, space):
         if (self.initialization_state & ~2) ^ 1:
-            missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, ['name', None], 'alias')
+            self.missing_field(space, ['name', None], 'alias')
         else:
             if not self.initialization_state & 2:
                 self.asname = None
@@ -3019,6 +2880,8 @@
 def Expression_set_body(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.body = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.body) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
@@ -3098,7 +2961,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'lineno')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & w_self._lineno_mask:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'lineno')
     return space.wrap(w_self.lineno)
@@ -3112,14 +2975,14 @@
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'lineno', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'lineno')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= w_self._lineno_mask
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
 
 def stmt_get_col_offset(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'col_offset')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & w_self._col_offset_mask:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'col_offset')
     return space.wrap(w_self.col_offset)
@@ -3133,7 +2996,7 @@
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'col_offset', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'col_offset')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= w_self._col_offset_mask
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
 
 stmt.typedef = typedef.TypeDef("stmt",
     AST.typedef,
@@ -3149,7 +3012,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'name')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'name')
     return space.wrap(w_self.name)
@@ -3163,14 +3026,14 @@
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'name', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'name')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def FunctionDef_get_args(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'args')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'args')
     return space.wrap(w_self.args)
@@ -3184,10 +3047,10 @@
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'args', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'args')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def FunctionDef_get_body(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     if w_self.w_body is None:
@@ -3201,10 +3064,10 @@
 
 def FunctionDef_set_body(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_body = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 def FunctionDef_get_decorator_list(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 32:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'decorator_list')
     if w_self.w_decorator_list is None:
@@ -3218,7 +3081,7 @@
 
 def FunctionDef_set_decorator_list(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_decorator_list = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 32
 
 _FunctionDef_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['name', 'args', 'body', 'decorator_list'])
 def FunctionDef_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -3254,7 +3117,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'name')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'name')
     return space.wrap(w_self.name)
@@ -3268,10 +3131,10 @@
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'name', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'name')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def ClassDef_get_bases(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'bases')
     if w_self.w_bases is None:
@@ -3285,10 +3148,10 @@
 
 def ClassDef_set_bases(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_bases = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def ClassDef_get_body(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     if w_self.w_body is None:
@@ -3302,10 +3165,10 @@
 
 def ClassDef_set_body(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_body = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 def ClassDef_get_decorator_list(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 32:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'decorator_list')
     if w_self.w_decorator_list is None:
@@ -3319,7 +3182,7 @@
 
 def ClassDef_set_decorator_list(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_decorator_list = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 32
 
 _ClassDef_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['name', 'bases', 'body', 'decorator_list'])
 def ClassDef_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -3356,7 +3219,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'value')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'value')
     return space.wrap(w_self.value)
@@ -3364,13 +3227,15 @@
 def Return_set_value(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.value = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, True)
+        if type(w_self.value) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'value', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'value')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 _Return_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['value'])
 def Return_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -3397,7 +3262,7 @@
 )
 
 def Delete_get_targets(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'targets')
     if w_self.w_targets is None:
@@ -3411,7 +3276,7 @@
 
 def Delete_set_targets(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_targets = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 _Delete_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['targets'])
 def Delete_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -3439,7 +3304,7 @@
 )
 
 def Assign_get_targets(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'targets')
     if w_self.w_targets is None:
@@ -3453,14 +3318,14 @@
 
 def Assign_set_targets(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_targets = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def Assign_get_value(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'value')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'value')
     return space.wrap(w_self.value)
@@ -3468,13 +3333,15 @@
 def Assign_set_value(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.value = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.value) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'value', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'value')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 _Assign_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['targets', 'value'])
 def Assign_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -3507,7 +3374,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'target')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'target')
     return space.wrap(w_self.target)
@@ -3515,20 +3382,22 @@
 def AugAssign_set_target(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.target = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.target) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'target', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'target')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def AugAssign_get_op(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'op')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'op')
     return operator_to_class[w_self.op - 1]()
@@ -3544,14 +3413,14 @@
         return
     # need to save the original object too
     w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'op', w_new_value)
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def AugAssign_get_value(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'value')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'value')
     return space.wrap(w_self.value)
@@ -3559,13 +3428,15 @@
 def AugAssign_set_value(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.value = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.value) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'value', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'value')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 _AugAssign_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['target', 'op', 'value'])
 def AugAssign_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -3598,7 +3469,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'dest')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'dest')
     return space.wrap(w_self.dest)
@@ -3606,16 +3477,18 @@
 def Print_set_dest(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.dest = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, True)
+        if type(w_self.dest) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'dest', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'dest')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def Print_get_values(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'values')
     if w_self.w_values is None:
@@ -3629,14 +3502,14 @@
 
 def Print_set_values(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_values = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def Print_get_nl(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'nl')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'nl')
     return space.wrap(w_self.nl)
@@ -3650,7 +3523,7 @@
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'nl', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'nl')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 _Print_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['dest', 'values', 'nl'])
 def Print_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -3684,7 +3557,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'target')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'target')
     return space.wrap(w_self.target)
@@ -3692,20 +3565,22 @@
 def For_set_target(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.target = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.target) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'target', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'target')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def For_get_iter(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'iter')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'iter')
     return space.wrap(w_self.iter)
@@ -3713,16 +3588,18 @@
 def For_set_iter(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.iter = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.iter) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'iter', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'iter')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def For_get_body(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     if w_self.w_body is None:
@@ -3736,10 +3613,10 @@
 
 def For_set_body(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_body = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 def For_get_orelse(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 32:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'orelse')
     if w_self.w_orelse is None:
@@ -3753,7 +3630,7 @@
 
 def For_set_orelse(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_orelse = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 32
 
 _For_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['target', 'iter', 'body', 'orelse'])
 def For_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -3789,7 +3666,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'test')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'test')
     return space.wrap(w_self.test)
@@ -3797,16 +3674,18 @@
 def While_set_test(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.test = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.test) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'test', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'test')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def While_get_body(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     if w_self.w_body is None:
@@ -3820,10 +3699,10 @@
 
 def While_set_body(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_body = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def While_get_orelse(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'orelse')
     if w_self.w_orelse is None:
@@ -3837,7 +3716,7 @@
 
 def While_set_orelse(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_orelse = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 _While_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['test', 'body', 'orelse'])
 def While_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -3872,7 +3751,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'test')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'test')
     return space.wrap(w_self.test)
@@ -3880,16 +3759,18 @@
 def If_set_test(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.test = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.test) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'test', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'test')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def If_get_body(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     if w_self.w_body is None:
@@ -3903,10 +3784,10 @@
 
 def If_set_body(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_body = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def If_get_orelse(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'orelse')
     if w_self.w_orelse is None:
@@ -3920,7 +3801,7 @@
 
 def If_set_orelse(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_orelse = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 _If_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['test', 'body', 'orelse'])
 def If_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -3955,7 +3836,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'context_expr')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'context_expr')
     return space.wrap(w_self.context_expr)
@@ -3963,20 +3844,22 @@
 def With_set_context_expr(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.context_expr = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.context_expr) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'context_expr', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'context_expr')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def With_get_optional_vars(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'optional_vars')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'optional_vars')
     return space.wrap(w_self.optional_vars)
@@ -3984,16 +3867,18 @@
 def With_set_optional_vars(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.optional_vars = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, True)
+        if type(w_self.optional_vars) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'optional_vars', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'optional_vars')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def With_get_body(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     if w_self.w_body is None:
@@ -4007,7 +3892,7 @@
 
 def With_set_body(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_body = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 _With_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['context_expr', 'optional_vars', 'body'])
 def With_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -4041,7 +3926,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'type')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'type')
     return space.wrap(w_self.type)
@@ -4049,20 +3934,22 @@
 def Raise_set_type(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.type = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, True)
+        if type(w_self.type) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'type', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'type')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def Raise_get_inst(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'inst')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'inst')
     return space.wrap(w_self.inst)
@@ -4070,20 +3957,22 @@
 def Raise_set_inst(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.inst = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, True)
+        if type(w_self.inst) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'inst', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'inst')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def Raise_get_tback(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'tback')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'tback')
     return space.wrap(w_self.tback)
@@ -4091,13 +3980,15 @@
 def Raise_set_tback(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.tback = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, True)
+        if type(w_self.tback) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'tback', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'tback')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 _Raise_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['type', 'inst', 'tback'])
 def Raise_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -4126,7 +4017,7 @@
 )
 
 def TryExcept_get_body(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     if w_self.w_body is None:
@@ -4140,10 +4031,10 @@
 
 def TryExcept_set_body(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_body = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def TryExcept_get_handlers(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'handlers')
     if w_self.w_handlers is None:
@@ -4157,10 +4048,10 @@
 
 def TryExcept_set_handlers(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_handlers = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def TryExcept_get_orelse(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'orelse')
     if w_self.w_orelse is None:
@@ -4174,7 +4065,7 @@
 
 def TryExcept_set_orelse(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_orelse = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 _TryExcept_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['body', 'handlers', 'orelse'])
 def TryExcept_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -4206,7 +4097,7 @@
 )
 
 def TryFinally_get_body(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     if w_self.w_body is None:
@@ -4220,10 +4111,10 @@
 
 def TryFinally_set_body(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_body = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def TryFinally_get_finalbody(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'finalbody')
     if w_self.w_finalbody is None:
@@ -4237,7 +4128,7 @@
 
 def TryFinally_set_finalbody(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_finalbody = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 _TryFinally_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['body', 'finalbody'])
 def TryFinally_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -4271,7 +4162,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'test')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'test')
     return space.wrap(w_self.test)
@@ -4279,20 +4170,22 @@
 def Assert_set_test(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.test = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.test) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'test', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'test')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def Assert_get_msg(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'msg')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'msg')
     return space.wrap(w_self.msg)
@@ -4300,13 +4193,15 @@
 def Assert_set_msg(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.msg = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, True)
+        if type(w_self.msg) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'msg', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'msg')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 _Assert_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['test', 'msg'])
 def Assert_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -4334,7 +4229,7 @@
 )
 
 def Import_get_names(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'names')
     if w_self.w_names is None:
@@ -4348,7 +4243,7 @@
 
 def Import_set_names(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_names = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 _Import_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['names'])
 def Import_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -4380,7 +4275,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'module')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'module')
     return space.wrap(w_self.module)
@@ -4397,10 +4292,10 @@
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'module', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'module')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def ImportFrom_get_names(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'names')
     if w_self.w_names is None:
@@ -4414,14 +4309,14 @@
 
 def ImportFrom_set_names(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_names = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def ImportFrom_get_level(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'level')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'level')
     return space.wrap(w_self.level)
@@ -4435,7 +4330,7 @@
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'level', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'level')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 _ImportFrom_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['module', 'names', 'level'])
 def ImportFrom_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -4469,7 +4364,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'body')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     return space.wrap(w_self.body)
@@ -4477,20 +4372,22 @@
 def Exec_set_body(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.body = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.body) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'body', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'body')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def Exec_get_globals(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'globals')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'globals')
     return space.wrap(w_self.globals)
@@ -4498,20 +4395,22 @@
 def Exec_set_globals(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.globals = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, True)
+        if type(w_self.globals) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'globals', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'globals')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def Exec_get_locals(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'locals')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'locals')
     return space.wrap(w_self.locals)
@@ -4519,13 +4418,15 @@
 def Exec_set_locals(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.locals = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, True)
+        if type(w_self.locals) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'locals', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'locals')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 _Exec_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['body', 'globals', 'locals'])
 def Exec_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -4554,7 +4455,7 @@
 )
 
 def Global_get_names(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'names')
     if w_self.w_names is None:
@@ -4568,7 +4469,7 @@
 
 def Global_set_names(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_names = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 _Global_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['names'])
 def Global_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -4600,7 +4501,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'value')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'value')
     return space.wrap(w_self.value)
@@ -4608,13 +4509,15 @@
 def Expr_set_value(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.value = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.value) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'value', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'value')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 _Expr_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['value'])
 def Expr_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -4696,7 +4599,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'lineno')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & w_self._lineno_mask:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'lineno')
     return space.wrap(w_self.lineno)
@@ -4710,14 +4613,14 @@
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'lineno', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'lineno')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= w_self._lineno_mask
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
 
 def expr_get_col_offset(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'col_offset')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & w_self._col_offset_mask:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'col_offset')
     return space.wrap(w_self.col_offset)
@@ -4731,7 +4634,7 @@
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'col_offset', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'col_offset')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= w_self._col_offset_mask
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
 
 expr.typedef = typedef.TypeDef("expr",
     AST.typedef,
@@ -4747,7 +4650,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'op')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'op')
     return boolop_to_class[w_self.op - 1]()
@@ -4763,10 +4666,10 @@
         return
     # need to save the original object too
     w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'op', w_new_value)
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def BoolOp_get_values(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'values')
     if w_self.w_values is None:
@@ -4780,7 +4683,7 @@
 
 def BoolOp_set_values(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_values = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 _BoolOp_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['op', 'values'])
 def BoolOp_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -4813,7 +4716,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'left')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'left')
     return space.wrap(w_self.left)
@@ -4821,20 +4724,22 @@
 def BinOp_set_left(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.left = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.left) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'left', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'left')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def BinOp_get_op(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'op')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'op')
     return operator_to_class[w_self.op - 1]()
@@ -4850,14 +4755,14 @@
         return
     # need to save the original object too
     w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'op', w_new_value)
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def BinOp_get_right(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'right')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'right')
     return space.wrap(w_self.right)
@@ -4865,13 +4770,15 @@
 def BinOp_set_right(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.right = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.right) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'right', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'right')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 _BinOp_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['left', 'op', 'right'])
 def BinOp_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -4904,7 +4811,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'op')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'op')
     return unaryop_to_class[w_self.op - 1]()
@@ -4920,14 +4827,14 @@
         return
     # need to save the original object too
     w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'op', w_new_value)
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def UnaryOp_get_operand(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'operand')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'operand')
     return space.wrap(w_self.operand)
@@ -4935,13 +4842,15 @@
 def UnaryOp_set_operand(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.operand = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.operand) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'operand', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'operand')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 _UnaryOp_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['op', 'operand'])
 def UnaryOp_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -4973,7 +4882,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'args')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'args')
     return space.wrap(w_self.args)
@@ -4987,14 +4896,14 @@
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'args', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'args')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def Lambda_get_body(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'body')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     return space.wrap(w_self.body)
@@ -5002,13 +4911,15 @@
 def Lambda_set_body(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.body = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.body) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'body', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'body')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 _Lambda_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['args', 'body'])
 def Lambda_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -5040,7 +4951,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'test')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'test')
     return space.wrap(w_self.test)
@@ -5048,20 +4959,22 @@
 def IfExp_set_test(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.test = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.test) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'test', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'test')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def IfExp_get_body(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'body')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     return space.wrap(w_self.body)
@@ -5069,20 +4982,22 @@
 def IfExp_set_body(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.body = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.body) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'body', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'body')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def IfExp_get_orelse(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'orelse')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'orelse')
     return space.wrap(w_self.orelse)
@@ -5090,13 +5005,15 @@
 def IfExp_set_orelse(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.orelse = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.orelse) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'orelse', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'orelse')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 _IfExp_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['test', 'body', 'orelse'])
 def IfExp_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -5125,7 +5042,7 @@
 )
 
 def Dict_get_keys(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'keys')
     if w_self.w_keys is None:
@@ -5139,10 +5056,10 @@
 
 def Dict_set_keys(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_keys = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def Dict_get_values(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'values')
     if w_self.w_values is None:
@@ -5156,7 +5073,7 @@
 
 def Dict_set_values(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_values = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 _Dict_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['keys', 'values'])
 def Dict_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -5186,7 +5103,7 @@
 )
 
 def Set_get_elts(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'elts')
     if w_self.w_elts is None:
@@ -5200,7 +5117,7 @@
 
 def Set_set_elts(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_elts = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 _Set_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['elts'])
 def Set_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -5232,7 +5149,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'elt')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'elt')
     return space.wrap(w_self.elt)
@@ -5240,16 +5157,18 @@
 def ListComp_set_elt(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.elt = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.elt) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'elt', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'elt')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def ListComp_get_generators(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'generators')
     if w_self.w_generators is None:
@@ -5263,7 +5182,7 @@
 
 def ListComp_set_generators(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_generators = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 _ListComp_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['elt', 'generators'])
 def ListComp_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -5296,7 +5215,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'elt')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'elt')
     return space.wrap(w_self.elt)
@@ -5304,16 +5223,18 @@
 def SetComp_set_elt(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.elt = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.elt) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'elt', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'elt')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def SetComp_get_generators(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'generators')
     if w_self.w_generators is None:
@@ -5327,7 +5248,7 @@
 
 def SetComp_set_generators(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_generators = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 _SetComp_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['elt', 'generators'])
 def SetComp_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -5360,7 +5281,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'key')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'key')
     return space.wrap(w_self.key)
@@ -5368,20 +5289,22 @@
 def DictComp_set_key(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.key = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.key) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'key', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'key')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def DictComp_get_value(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'value')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'value')
     return space.wrap(w_self.value)
@@ -5389,16 +5312,18 @@
 def DictComp_set_value(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.value = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.value) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'value', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'value')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def DictComp_get_generators(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'generators')
     if w_self.w_generators is None:
@@ -5412,7 +5337,7 @@
 
 def DictComp_set_generators(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_generators = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 _DictComp_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['key', 'value', 'generators'])
 def DictComp_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -5446,7 +5371,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'elt')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'elt')
     return space.wrap(w_self.elt)
@@ -5454,16 +5379,18 @@
 def GeneratorExp_set_elt(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.elt = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.elt) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'elt', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'elt')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def GeneratorExp_get_generators(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'generators')
     if w_self.w_generators is None:
@@ -5477,7 +5404,7 @@
 
 def GeneratorExp_set_generators(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_generators = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 _GeneratorExp_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['elt', 'generators'])
 def GeneratorExp_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -5510,7 +5437,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'value')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'value')
     return space.wrap(w_self.value)
@@ -5518,13 +5445,15 @@
 def Yield_set_value(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.value = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, True)
+        if type(w_self.value) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'value', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'value')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 _Yield_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['value'])
 def Yield_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -5555,7 +5484,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'left')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'left')
     return space.wrap(w_self.left)
@@ -5563,16 +5492,18 @@
 def Compare_set_left(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.left = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.left) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'left', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'left')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def Compare_get_ops(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'ops')
     if w_self.w_ops is None:
@@ -5586,10 +5517,10 @@
 
 def Compare_set_ops(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_ops = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def Compare_get_comparators(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'comparators')
     if w_self.w_comparators is None:
@@ -5603,7 +5534,7 @@
 
 def Compare_set_comparators(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_comparators = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 _Compare_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['left', 'ops', 'comparators'])
 def Compare_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -5638,7 +5569,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'func')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'func')
     return space.wrap(w_self.func)
@@ -5646,16 +5577,18 @@
 def Call_set_func(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.func = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.func) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'func', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'func')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def Call_get_args(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'args')
     if w_self.w_args is None:
@@ -5669,10 +5602,10 @@
 
 def Call_set_args(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_args = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def Call_get_keywords(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'keywords')
     if w_self.w_keywords is None:
@@ -5686,14 +5619,14 @@
 
 def Call_set_keywords(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_keywords = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 def Call_get_starargs(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'starargs')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 32:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'starargs')
     return space.wrap(w_self.starargs)
@@ -5701,20 +5634,22 @@
 def Call_set_starargs(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.starargs = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, True)
+        if type(w_self.starargs) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'starargs', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'starargs')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 32
 
 def Call_get_kwargs(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'kwargs')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 64:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'kwargs')
     return space.wrap(w_self.kwargs)
@@ -5722,13 +5657,15 @@
 def Call_set_kwargs(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.kwargs = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, True)
+        if type(w_self.kwargs) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'kwargs', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'kwargs')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 64
 
 _Call_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['func', 'args', 'keywords', 'starargs', 'kwargs'])
 def Call_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -5765,7 +5702,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'value')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'value')
     return space.wrap(w_self.value)
@@ -5773,13 +5710,15 @@
 def Repr_set_value(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.value = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.value) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'value', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'value')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 _Repr_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['value'])
 def Repr_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -5810,7 +5749,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'n')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'n')
     return w_self.n
@@ -5824,7 +5763,7 @@
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'n', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'n')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 _Num_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['n'])
 def Num_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -5855,7 +5794,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 's')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 's')
     return w_self.s
@@ -5869,7 +5808,7 @@
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 's', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 's')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 _Str_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['s'])
 def Str_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -5900,7 +5839,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'value')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'value')
     return space.wrap(w_self.value)
@@ -5908,20 +5847,22 @@
 def Attribute_set_value(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.value = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.value) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'value', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'value')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def Attribute_get_attr(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'attr')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'attr')
     return space.wrap(w_self.attr)
@@ -5935,14 +5876,14 @@
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'attr', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'attr')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def Attribute_get_ctx(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'ctx')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'ctx')
     return expr_context_to_class[w_self.ctx - 1]()
@@ -5958,7 +5899,7 @@
         return
     # need to save the original object too
     w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'ctx', w_new_value)
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 _Attribute_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['value', 'attr', 'ctx'])
 def Attribute_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -5991,7 +5932,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'value')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'value')
     return space.wrap(w_self.value)
@@ -5999,20 +5940,22 @@
 def Subscript_set_value(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.value = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.value) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'value', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'value')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def Subscript_get_slice(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'slice')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'slice')
     return space.wrap(w_self.slice)
@@ -6020,20 +5963,22 @@
 def Subscript_set_slice(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.slice = space.interp_w(slice, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.slice) is slice:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'slice', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'slice')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def Subscript_get_ctx(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'ctx')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'ctx')
     return expr_context_to_class[w_self.ctx - 1]()
@@ -6049,7 +5994,7 @@
         return
     # need to save the original object too
     w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'ctx', w_new_value)
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 _Subscript_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['value', 'slice', 'ctx'])
 def Subscript_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -6082,7 +6027,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'id')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'id')
     return space.wrap(w_self.id)
@@ -6096,14 +6041,14 @@
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'id', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'id')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def Name_get_ctx(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'ctx')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'ctx')
     return expr_context_to_class[w_self.ctx - 1]()
@@ -6119,7 +6064,7 @@
         return
     # need to save the original object too
     w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'ctx', w_new_value)
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 _Name_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['id', 'ctx'])
 def Name_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -6147,7 +6092,7 @@
 )
 
 def List_get_elts(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'elts')
     if w_self.w_elts is None:
@@ -6161,14 +6106,14 @@
 
 def List_set_elts(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_elts = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def List_get_ctx(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'ctx')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'ctx')
     return expr_context_to_class[w_self.ctx - 1]()
@@ -6184,7 +6129,7 @@
         return
     # need to save the original object too
     w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'ctx', w_new_value)
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 _List_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['elts', 'ctx'])
 def List_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -6213,7 +6158,7 @@
 )
 
 def Tuple_get_elts(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'elts')
     if w_self.w_elts is None:
@@ -6227,14 +6172,14 @@
 
 def Tuple_set_elts(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_elts = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def Tuple_get_ctx(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'ctx')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'ctx')
     return expr_context_to_class[w_self.ctx - 1]()
@@ -6250,7 +6195,7 @@
         return
     # need to save the original object too
     w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'ctx', w_new_value)
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 _Tuple_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['elts', 'ctx'])
 def Tuple_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -6283,7 +6228,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'value')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'value')
     return w_self.value
@@ -6297,7 +6242,7 @@
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'value', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'value')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 _Const_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['value'])
 def Const_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -6409,6 +6354,8 @@
 def Slice_set_lower(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.lower = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, True)
+        if type(w_self.lower) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
@@ -6430,6 +6377,8 @@
 def Slice_set_upper(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.upper = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, True)
+        if type(w_self.upper) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
@@ -6451,6 +6400,8 @@
 def Slice_set_step(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.step = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, True)
+        if type(w_self.step) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
@@ -6540,6 +6491,8 @@
 def Index_set_value(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.value = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.value) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
@@ -6809,6 +6762,8 @@
 def comprehension_set_target(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.target = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.target) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
@@ -6830,6 +6785,8 @@
 def comprehension_set_iter(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.iter = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.iter) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
@@ -6887,7 +6844,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'lineno')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & w_self._lineno_mask:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'lineno')
     return space.wrap(w_self.lineno)
@@ -6901,14 +6858,14 @@
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'lineno', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'lineno')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= w_self._lineno_mask
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
 
 def excepthandler_get_col_offset(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'col_offset')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & w_self._col_offset_mask:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'col_offset')
     return space.wrap(w_self.col_offset)
@@ -6922,7 +6879,7 @@
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'col_offset', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'col_offset')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= w_self._col_offset_mask
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
 
 excepthandler.typedef = typedef.TypeDef("excepthandler",
     AST.typedef,
@@ -6938,7 +6895,7 @@
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'type')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'type')
     return space.wrap(w_self.type)
@@ -6946,20 +6903,22 @@
 def ExceptHandler_set_type(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.type = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, True)
+        if type(w_self.type) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'type', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'type')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 1
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
 
 def ExceptHandler_get_name(space, w_self):
     if w_self.w_dict is not None:
         w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, 'name')
         if w_obj is not None:
             return w_obj
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'name')
     return space.wrap(w_self.name)
@@ -6967,16 +6926,18 @@
 def ExceptHandler_set_name(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.name = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, True)
+        if type(w_self.name) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
         w_self.setdictvalue(space, 'name', w_new_value)
         return
     w_self.deldictvalue(space, 'name')
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 2
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 8
 
 def ExceptHandler_get_body(space, w_self):
-    if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
+    if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
         raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     if w_self.w_body is None:
@@ -6990,7 +6951,7 @@
 
 def ExceptHandler_set_body(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     w_self.w_body = w_new_value
-    w_self.initialization_state |= 4
+    w_self.initialization_state |= 16
 
 _ExceptHandler_field_unroller = unrolling_iterable(['type', 'name', 'body'])
 def ExceptHandler_init(space, w_self, __args__):
@@ -7164,6 +7125,8 @@
 def keyword_set_value(space, w_self, w_new_value):
     try:
         w_self.value = space.interp_w(expr, w_new_value, False)
+        if type(w_self.value) is expr:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.w_None)
     except OperationError, e:
         if not e.match(space, space.w_TypeError):
             raise
diff --git a/pypy/interpreter/astcompiler/tools/asdl_py.py b/pypy/interpreter/astcompiler/tools/asdl_py.py
--- a/pypy/interpreter/astcompiler/tools/asdl_py.py
+++ b/pypy/interpreter/astcompiler/tools/asdl_py.py
@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@
         else:
             self.emit("class %s(AST):" % (base,))
             if sum.attributes:
+                self.emit("")
                 args = ", ".join(attr.name.value for attr in sum.attributes)
                 self.emit("def __init__(self, %s):" % (args,), 1)
                 for attr in sum.attributes:
@@ -114,7 +115,7 @@
             else:
                 names.append(repr(field.name.value))
         sub = (", ".join(names), name.value)
-        self.emit("missing_field(space, self.initialization_state, [%s], %r)"
+        self.emit("self.missing_field(space, [%s], %r)"
                   % sub, 3)
         self.emit("else:", 2)
         # Fill in all the default fields.
@@ -195,17 +196,13 @@
     def visitConstructor(self, cons, base, extra_attributes):
         self.emit("class %s(%s):" % (cons.name, base))
         self.emit("")
-        for field in self.data.cons_attributes[cons]:
-            subst = (field.name, self.data.field_masks[field])
-            self.emit("_%s_mask = %i" % subst, 1)
-        self.emit("")
         self.make_constructor(cons.fields, cons, extra_attributes, base)
         self.emit("")
         self.emit("def walkabout(self, visitor):", 1)
         self.emit("visitor.visit_%s(self)" % (cons.name,), 2)
         self.emit("")
         self.make_mutate_over(cons, cons.name)
-        self.make_var_syncer(cons.fields + self.data.cons_attributes[cons],
+        self.make_var_syncer(self.data.cons_attributes[cons] + cons.fields,
                              cons, cons.name)
 
     def visitField(self, field):
@@ -324,7 +321,7 @@
 
     def visitSum(self, sum, name):
         for field in sum.attributes:
-            self.make_property(field, name, True)
+            self.make_property(field, name)
         self.make_typedef(name, "AST", sum.attributes,
                           fields_name="_attributes")
         if not is_simple_sum(sum):
@@ -400,13 +397,10 @@
     def visitField(self, field, name):
         self.make_property(field, name)
 
-    def make_property(self, field, name, different_masks=False):
+    def make_property(self, field, name):
         func = "def %s_get_%s(space, w_self):" % (name, field.name)
         self.emit(func)
-        if different_masks:
-            flag = "w_self._%s_mask" % (field.name,)
-        else:
-            flag = self.data.field_masks[field]
+        flag = self.data.field_masks[field]
         if not field.seq:
             self.emit("if w_self.w_dict is not None:", 1)
             self.emit("    w_obj = w_self.getdictvalue(space, '%s')" % (field.name,), 1)
@@ -458,6 +452,11 @@
                     config = (field.name, field.type, repr(field.opt))
                     self.emit("w_self.%s = space.interp_w(%s, w_new_value, %s)" %
                               config, 2)
+                    if field.type.value not in self.data.prod_simple:
+                        self.emit("if type(w_self.%s) is %s:" % (
+                                field.name, field.type), 2)
+                        self.emit("raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, "
+                                  "space.w_None)", 3)
             else:
                 level = 2
                 if field.opt and field.type.value != "int":
@@ -505,7 +504,10 @@
             optional_mask = 0
             for i, field in enumerate(fields):
                 flag = 1 << i
-                field_masks[field] = flag
+                if field not in field_masks:
+                    field_masks[field] = flag
+                else:
+                    assert field_masks[field] == flag
                 if field.opt:
                     optional_mask |= flag
                 else:
@@ -518,9 +520,9 @@
                 if is_simple_sum(sum):
                     simple_types.add(tp.name.value)
                 else:
+                    attrs = [field for field in sum.attributes]
                     for cons in sum.types:
-                        attrs = [copy_field(field) for field in sum.attributes]
-                        add_masks(cons.fields + attrs, cons)
+                        add_masks(attrs + cons.fields, cons)
                         cons_attributes[cons] = attrs
             else:
                 prod = tp.value
@@ -588,6 +590,24 @@
             space.setattr(self, w_name,
                           space.getitem(w_state, w_name))
 
+    def missing_field(self, space, required, host):
+        "Find which required field is missing."
+        state = self.initialization_state
+        for i in range(len(required)):
+            if (state >> i) & 1:
+                continue  # field is present
+            missing = required[i]
+            if missing is None:
+                continue  # field is optional
+            w_obj = self.getdictvalue(space, missing)
+            if w_obj is None:
+                err = "required field \\"%s\\" missing from %s"
+                raise operationerrfmt(space.w_TypeError, err, missing, host)
+            else:
+                err = "incorrect type for field \\"%s\\" in %s"
+                raise operationerrfmt(space.w_TypeError, err, missing, host)
+        raise AssertionError("should not reach here")
+
 
 class NodeVisitorNotImplemented(Exception):
     pass
@@ -631,15 +651,6 @@
 )
 
 
-def missing_field(space, state, required, host):
-    "Find which required field is missing."
-    for i in range(len(required)):
-        if not (state >> i) & 1:
-            missing = required[i]
-            if missing is not None:
-                 err = "required field \\"%s\\" missing from %s"
-                 raise operationerrfmt(space.w_TypeError, err, missing, host)
-    raise AssertionError("should not reach here")
 
 
 """
diff --git a/pypy/interpreter/baseobjspace.py b/pypy/interpreter/baseobjspace.py
--- a/pypy/interpreter/baseobjspace.py
+++ b/pypy/interpreter/baseobjspace.py
@@ -190,8 +190,8 @@
     def is_w(self, space, w_other):
         return self is w_other
 
-    def unique_id(self, space):
-        return space.wrap(compute_unique_id(self))
+    def immutable_unique_id(self, space):
+        return None
 
     def str_w(self, space):
         w_msg = typed_unwrap_error_msg(space, "string", self)
@@ -706,7 +706,10 @@
         return w_two.is_w(self, w_one)
 
     def id(self, w_obj):
-        return w_obj.unique_id(self)
+        w_result = w_obj.immutable_unique_id(self)
+        if w_result is None:
+            w_result = self.wrap(compute_unique_id(w_obj))
+        return w_result
 
     def hash_w(self, w_obj):
         """shortcut for space.int_w(space.hash(w_obj))"""
diff --git a/pypy/interpreter/eval.py b/pypy/interpreter/eval.py
--- a/pypy/interpreter/eval.py
+++ b/pypy/interpreter/eval.py
@@ -98,7 +98,6 @@
         "Abstract. Get the expected number of locals."
         raise TypeError, "abstract"
 
-    @jit.dont_look_inside
     def fast2locals(self):
         # Copy values from the fastlocals to self.w_locals
         if self.w_locals is None:
@@ -112,7 +111,6 @@
                 w_name = self.space.wrap(name)
                 self.space.setitem(self.w_locals, w_name, w_value)
 
-    @jit.dont_look_inside
     def locals2fast(self):
         # Copy values from self.w_locals to the fastlocals
         assert self.w_locals is not None
diff --git a/pypy/interpreter/gateway.py b/pypy/interpreter/gateway.py
--- a/pypy/interpreter/gateway.py
+++ b/pypy/interpreter/gateway.py
@@ -619,7 +619,8 @@
                                                   self.descr_reqcls,
                                                   args)
         except Exception, e:
-            raise self.handle_exception(space, e)
+            self.handle_exception(space, e)
+            w_result = None
         if w_result is None:
             w_result = space.w_None
         return w_result
@@ -655,7 +656,8 @@
                                                   self.descr_reqcls,
                                                   args)
         except Exception, e:
-            raise self.handle_exception(space, e)
+            self.handle_exception(space, e)
+            w_result = None
         if w_result is None:
             w_result = space.w_None
         return w_result
@@ -674,7 +676,8 @@
                                                   self.descr_reqcls,
                                                   args.prepend(w_obj))
         except Exception, e:
-            raise self.handle_exception(space, e)
+            self.handle_exception(space, e)
+            w_result = None
         if w_result is None:
             w_result = space.w_None
         return w_result
@@ -690,7 +693,8 @@
             raise OperationError(space.w_SystemError,
                                  space.wrap("unexpected DescrMismatch error"))
         except Exception, e:
-            raise self.handle_exception(space, e)
+            self.handle_exception(space, e)
+            w_result = None
         if w_result is None:
             w_result = space.w_None
         return w_result
@@ -708,7 +712,8 @@
                                            self.descr_reqcls,
                                            Arguments(space, [w1]))
         except Exception, e:
-            raise self.handle_exception(space, e)
+            self.handle_exception(space, e)
+            w_result = None
         if w_result is None:
             w_result = space.w_None
         return w_result
@@ -726,7 +731,8 @@
                                            self.descr_reqcls,
                                            Arguments(space, [w1, w2]))
         except Exception, e:
-            raise self.handle_exception(space, e)
+            self.handle_exception(space, e)
+            w_result = None
         if w_result is None:
             w_result = space.w_None
         return w_result
@@ -744,7 +750,8 @@
                                            self.descr_reqcls,
                                            Arguments(space, [w1, w2, w3]))
         except Exception, e:
-            raise self.handle_exception(space, e)
+            self.handle_exception(space, e)
+            w_result = None
         if w_result is None:
             w_result = space.w_None
         return w_result
@@ -763,7 +770,8 @@
                                            Arguments(space,
                                                      [w1, w2, w3, w4]))
         except Exception, e:
-            raise self.handle_exception(space, e)
+            self.handle_exception(space, e)
+            w_result = None
         if w_result is None:
             w_result = space.w_None
         return w_result
diff --git a/pypy/interpreter/typedef.py b/pypy/interpreter/typedef.py
--- a/pypy/interpreter/typedef.py
+++ b/pypy/interpreter/typedef.py
@@ -54,7 +54,11 @@
 #  Hash support
 
 def default_identity_hash(space, w_obj):
-    return space.wrap(compute_identity_hash(w_obj))
+    w_unique_id = w_obj.immutable_unique_id(space)
+    if w_unique_id is None:     # common case
+        return space.wrap(compute_identity_hash(w_obj))
+    else:
+        return space.hash(w_unique_id)
 
 # ____________________________________________________________
 #
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/arm/test/test_zrpy_gc.py b/pypy/jit/backend/arm/test/test_zrpy_gc.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/arm/test/test_zrpy_gc.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/arm/test/test_zrpy_gc.py
@@ -71,16 +71,17 @@
 def get_functions_to_patch():
     from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport import gc
     #
-    can_inline_malloc1 = gc.GcLLDescr_framework.can_inline_malloc
-    def can_inline_malloc2(*args):
+    can_use_nursery_malloc1 = gc.GcLLDescr_framework.can_use_nursery_malloc
+    def can_use_nursery_malloc2(*args):
         try:
             if os.environ['PYPY_NO_INLINE_MALLOC']:
                 return False
         except KeyError:
             pass
-        return can_inline_malloc1(*args)
+        return can_use_nursery_malloc1(*args)
     #
-    return {(gc.GcLLDescr_framework, 'can_inline_malloc'): can_inline_malloc2}
+    return {(gc.GcLLDescr_framework, 'can_use_nursery_malloc'):
+                can_use_nursery_malloc2}
 
 def compile(f, gc, enable_opts='', **kwds):
     from pypy.annotation.listdef import s_list_of_strings
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/llgraph/llimpl.py b/pypy/jit/backend/llgraph/llimpl.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/llgraph/llimpl.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/llgraph/llimpl.py
@@ -328,6 +328,14 @@
     _variables.append(v)
     return r
 
+def compile_started_vars(clt):
+    if not hasattr(clt, '_debug_argtypes'):    # only when compiling the loop
+        argtypes = [v.concretetype for v in _variables]
+        try:
+            clt._debug_argtypes = argtypes
+        except AttributeError:    # when 'clt' is actually a translated
+            pass                  # GcStruct
+
 def compile_add(loop, opnum):
     loop = _from_opaque(loop)
     loop.operations.append(Operation(opnum))
@@ -355,11 +363,13 @@
 
 TARGET_TOKENS = weakref.WeakKeyDictionary()
 
-def compile_add_target_token(loop, descr):
+def compile_add_target_token(loop, descr, clt):
+    # here, 'clt' is the compiled_loop_token of the original loop that
+    # we are compiling
     loop = _from_opaque(loop)
     op = loop.operations[-1]
     descrobj = _normalize(descr)
-    TARGET_TOKENS[descrobj] = loop, len(loop.operations), op.args
+    TARGET_TOKENS[descrobj] = loop, len(loop.operations), op.args, clt
 
 def compile_add_var(loop, intvar):
     loop = _from_opaque(loop)
@@ -395,17 +405,25 @@
     _variables.append(v)
     return r
 
-def compile_add_jump_target(loop, targettoken):
+def compile_add_jump_target(loop, targettoken, source_clt):
     loop = _from_opaque(loop)
     descrobj = _normalize(targettoken)
-    loop_target, target_opindex, target_inputargs = TARGET_TOKENS[descrobj]
+    (loop_target, target_opindex, target_inputargs, target_clt
+        ) = TARGET_TOKENS[descrobj]
+    #
+    try:
+        assert source_clt._debug_argtypes == target_clt._debug_argtypes
+    except AttributeError:   # when translated
+        pass
     #
     op = loop.operations[-1]
     op.jump_target = loop_target
     op.jump_target_opindex = target_opindex
     op.jump_target_inputargs = target_inputargs
     assert op.opnum == rop.JUMP
-    assert len(op.args) == len(target_inputargs)
+    assert [v.concretetype for v in op.args] == (
+           [v.concretetype for v in target_inputargs])
+    #
     if loop_target == loop:
         log.info("compiling new loop")
     else:
@@ -987,6 +1005,7 @@
         self._may_force = self.opindex
         try:
             inpargs = _from_opaque(ctl.compiled_version).inputargs
+            assert len(inpargs) == len(args)
             for i, inparg in enumerate(inpargs):
                 TYPE = inparg.concretetype
                 if TYPE is lltype.Signed:
@@ -1816,6 +1835,7 @@
 setannotation(compile_start_int_var, annmodel.SomeInteger())
 setannotation(compile_start_ref_var, annmodel.SomeInteger())
 setannotation(compile_start_float_var, annmodel.SomeInteger())
+setannotation(compile_started_vars, annmodel.s_None)
 setannotation(compile_add, annmodel.s_None)
 setannotation(compile_add_descr, annmodel.s_None)
 setannotation(compile_add_descr_arg, annmodel.s_None)
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/llgraph/runner.py b/pypy/jit/backend/llgraph/runner.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/llgraph/runner.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/llgraph/runner.py
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
     def get_arg_types(self):
         return self.arg_types
 
-    def get_return_type(self):
+    def get_result_type(self):
         return self.typeinfo
 
     def get_extra_info(self):
@@ -138,11 +138,12 @@
         clt = original_loop_token.compiled_loop_token
         clt.loop_and_bridges.append(c)
         clt.compiling_a_bridge()
-        self._compile_loop_or_bridge(c, inputargs, operations)
+        self._compile_loop_or_bridge(c, inputargs, operations, clt)
         old, oldindex = faildescr._compiled_fail
         llimpl.compile_redirect_fail(old, oldindex, c)
 
-    def compile_loop(self, inputargs, operations, jitcell_token, log=True, name=''):
+    def compile_loop(self, inputargs, operations, jitcell_token,
+                     log=True, name=''):
         """In a real assembler backend, this should assemble the given
         list of operations.  Here we just generate a similar CompiledLoop
         instance.  The code here is RPython, whereas the code in llimpl
@@ -153,14 +154,14 @@
         clt.loop_and_bridges = [c]
         clt.compiled_version = c
         jitcell_token.compiled_loop_token = clt
-        self._compile_loop_or_bridge(c, inputargs, operations)
+        self._compile_loop_or_bridge(c, inputargs, operations, clt)
 
     def free_loop_and_bridges(self, compiled_loop_token):
         for c in compiled_loop_token.loop_and_bridges:
             llimpl.mark_as_free(c)
         model.AbstractCPU.free_loop_and_bridges(self, compiled_loop_token)
 
-    def _compile_loop_or_bridge(self, c, inputargs, operations):
+    def _compile_loop_or_bridge(self, c, inputargs, operations, clt):
         var2index = {}
         for box in inputargs:
             if isinstance(box, history.BoxInt):
@@ -172,10 +173,11 @@
                 var2index[box] = llimpl.compile_start_float_var(c)
             else:
                 raise Exception("box is: %r" % (box,))
-        self._compile_operations(c, operations, var2index)
+        llimpl.compile_started_vars(clt)
+        self._compile_operations(c, operations, var2index, clt)
         return c
 
-    def _compile_operations(self, c, operations, var2index):
+    def _compile_operations(self, c, operations, var2index, clt):
         for op in operations:
             llimpl.compile_add(c, op.getopnum())
             descr = op.getdescr()
@@ -187,7 +189,7 @@
                 assert op.getopnum() != rop.JUMP
                 llimpl.compile_add_loop_token(c, descr)
             if isinstance(descr, history.TargetToken) and op.getopnum() == rop.LABEL:
-                llimpl.compile_add_target_token(c, descr)
+                llimpl.compile_add_target_token(c, descr, clt)
             if self.is_oo and isinstance(descr, (OODescr, MethDescr)):
                 # hack hack, not rpython
                 c._obj.externalobj.operations[-1].setdescr(descr)
@@ -241,7 +243,7 @@
         assert op.is_final()
         if op.getopnum() == rop.JUMP:
             targettoken = op.getdescr()
-            llimpl.compile_add_jump_target(c, targettoken)
+            llimpl.compile_add_jump_target(c, targettoken, clt)
         elif op.getopnum() == rop.FINISH:
             faildescr = op.getdescr()
             index = self.get_fail_descr_number(faildescr)
@@ -260,23 +262,28 @@
         self.latest_frame = frame
         return fail_index
 
-    def execute_token(self, loop_token):
-        """Calls the fake 'assembler' generated for the given loop.
-        Returns the descr of the last executed operation: either the one
-        attached to the failing guard, or the one attached to the FINISH.
-        Use set_future_value_xxx() before, and get_latest_value_xxx() after.
-        """
-        fail_index = self._execute_token(loop_token)
-        return self.get_fail_descr_from_number(fail_index)
-
-    def set_future_value_int(self, index, intvalue):
-        llimpl.set_future_value_int(index, intvalue)
-
-    def set_future_value_ref(self, index, objvalue):
-        llimpl.set_future_value_ref(index, objvalue)
-
-    def set_future_value_float(self, index, floatvalue):
-        llimpl.set_future_value_float(index, floatvalue)
+    def make_execute_token(self, *argtypes):
+        nb_args = len(argtypes)
+        unroll_argtypes = unrolling_iterable(list(enumerate(argtypes)))
+        #
+        def execute_token(loop_token, *args):
+            assert len(args) == nb_args
+            for index, TYPE in unroll_argtypes:
+                x = args[index]
+                assert TYPE == lltype.typeOf(x)
+                if TYPE == lltype.Signed:
+                    llimpl.set_future_value_int(index, x)
+                elif TYPE == llmemory.GCREF:
+                    llimpl.set_future_value_ref(index, x)
+                elif TYPE == longlong.FLOATSTORAGE:
+                    llimpl.set_future_value_float(index, x)
+                else:
+                    assert 0
+            #
+            fail_index = self._execute_token(loop_token)
+            return self.get_fail_descr_from_number(fail_index)
+        #
+        return execute_token
 
     def get_latest_value_int(self, index):
         return llimpl.frame_int_getvalue(self.latest_frame, index)
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/descr.py b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/descr.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/descr.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/descr.py
@@ -5,11 +5,7 @@
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import AbstractDescr, getkind
 from pypy.jit.metainterp import history
 from pypy.jit.codewriter import heaptracker, longlong
-
-# The point of the class organization in this file is to make instances
-# as compact as possible.  This is done by not storing the field size or
-# the 'is_pointer_field' flag in the instance itself but in the class
-# (in methods actually) using a few classes instead of just one.
+from pypy.jit.codewriter.longlong import is_longlong
 
 
 class GcCache(object):
@@ -19,6 +15,7 @@
         self._cache_size = {}
         self._cache_field = {}
         self._cache_array = {}
+        self._cache_arraylen = {}
         self._cache_call = {}
         self._cache_interiorfield = {}
 
@@ -26,24 +23,15 @@
         assert isinstance(STRUCT, lltype.GcStruct)
 
     def init_array_descr(self, ARRAY, arraydescr):
-        assert isinstance(ARRAY, lltype.GcArray)
+        assert (isinstance(ARRAY, lltype.GcArray) or
+                isinstance(ARRAY, lltype.GcStruct) and ARRAY._arrayfld)
 
 
-if lltype.SignedLongLong is lltype.Signed:
-    def is_longlong(TYPE):
-        return False
-else:
-    assert rffi.sizeof(lltype.SignedLongLong) == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Float)
-    def is_longlong(TYPE):
-        return TYPE in (lltype.SignedLongLong, lltype.UnsignedLongLong)
-
 # ____________________________________________________________
 # SizeDescrs
 
 class SizeDescr(AbstractDescr):
     size = 0      # help translation
-    is_immutable = False
-
     tid = llop.combine_ushort(lltype.Signed, 0, 0)
 
     def __init__(self, size, count_fields_if_immut=-1):
@@ -77,265 +65,247 @@
         cache[STRUCT] = sizedescr
         return sizedescr
 
+
 # ____________________________________________________________
 # FieldDescrs
 
-class BaseFieldDescr(AbstractDescr):
+FLAG_POINTER  = 'P'
+FLAG_FLOAT    = 'F'
+FLAG_UNSIGNED = 'U'
+FLAG_SIGNED   = 'S'
+FLAG_STRUCT   = 'X'
+FLAG_VOID     = 'V'
+
+class FieldDescr(AbstractDescr):
+    name = ''
     offset = 0      # help translation
-    name = ''
-    _clsname = ''
+    field_size = 0
+    flag = '\x00'
 
-    def __init__(self, name, offset):
+    def __init__(self, name, offset, field_size, flag):
         self.name = name
         self.offset = offset
+        self.field_size = field_size
+        self.flag = flag
+
+    def is_pointer_field(self):
+        return self.flag == FLAG_POINTER
+
+    def is_float_field(self):
+        return self.flag == FLAG_FLOAT
+
+    def is_field_signed(self):
+        return self.flag == FLAG_SIGNED
 
     def sort_key(self):
         return self.offset
 
-    def get_field_size(self, translate_support_code):
-        raise NotImplementedError
+    def repr_of_descr(self):
+        return '<Field%s %s %s>' % (self.flag, self.name, self.offset)
 
-    _is_pointer_field = False   # unless overridden by GcPtrFieldDescr
-    _is_float_field = False     # unless overridden by FloatFieldDescr
-    _is_field_signed = False    # unless overridden by XxxFieldDescr
-
-    def is_pointer_field(self):
-        return self._is_pointer_field
-
-    def is_float_field(self):
-        return self._is_float_field
-
-    def is_field_signed(self):
-        return self._is_field_signed
-
-    def repr_of_descr(self):
-        return '<%s %s %s>' % (self._clsname, self.name, self.offset)
-
-class DynamicFieldDescr(BaseFieldDescr):
-    def __init__(self, offset, fieldsize, is_pointer, is_float, is_signed):
-        self.offset = offset
-        self._fieldsize = fieldsize
-        self._is_pointer_field = is_pointer
-        self._is_float_field = is_float
-        self._is_field_signed = is_signed
-
-    def get_field_size(self, translate_support_code):
-        return self._fieldsize
-
-class NonGcPtrFieldDescr(BaseFieldDescr):
-    _clsname = 'NonGcPtrFieldDescr'
-    def get_field_size(self, translate_support_code):
-        return symbolic.get_size_of_ptr(translate_support_code)
-
-class GcPtrFieldDescr(NonGcPtrFieldDescr):
-    _clsname = 'GcPtrFieldDescr'
-    _is_pointer_field = True
-
-def getFieldDescrClass(TYPE):
-    return getDescrClass(TYPE, BaseFieldDescr, GcPtrFieldDescr,
-                         NonGcPtrFieldDescr, 'Field', 'get_field_size',
-                         '_is_float_field', '_is_field_signed')
 
 def get_field_descr(gccache, STRUCT, fieldname):
     cache = gccache._cache_field
     try:
         return cache[STRUCT][fieldname]
     except KeyError:
-        offset, _ = symbolic.get_field_token(STRUCT, fieldname,
-                                             gccache.translate_support_code)
+        offset, size = symbolic.get_field_token(STRUCT, fieldname,
+                                                gccache.translate_support_code)
         FIELDTYPE = getattr(STRUCT, fieldname)
+        flag = get_type_flag(FIELDTYPE)
         name = '%s.%s' % (STRUCT._name, fieldname)
-        fielddescr = getFieldDescrClass(FIELDTYPE)(name, offset)
+        fielddescr = FieldDescr(name, offset, size, flag)
         cachedict = cache.setdefault(STRUCT, {})
         cachedict[fieldname] = fielddescr
         return fielddescr
 
+def get_type_flag(TYPE):
+    if isinstance(TYPE, lltype.Ptr):
+        if TYPE.TO._gckind == 'gc':
+            return FLAG_POINTER
+        else:
+            return FLAG_UNSIGNED
+    if isinstance(TYPE, lltype.Struct):
+        return FLAG_STRUCT
+    if TYPE is lltype.Float or is_longlong(TYPE):
+        return FLAG_FLOAT
+    if (TYPE is not lltype.Bool and isinstance(TYPE, lltype.Number) and
+           rffi.cast(TYPE, -1) == -1):
+        return FLAG_SIGNED
+    return FLAG_UNSIGNED
+
+def get_field_arraylen_descr(gccache, ARRAY_OR_STRUCT):
+    cache = gccache._cache_arraylen
+    try:
+        return cache[ARRAY_OR_STRUCT]
+    except KeyError:
+        tsc = gccache.translate_support_code
+        (_, _, ofs) = symbolic.get_array_token(ARRAY_OR_STRUCT, tsc)
+        size = symbolic.get_size(lltype.Signed, tsc)
+        result = FieldDescr("len", ofs, size, get_type_flag(lltype.Signed))
+        cache[ARRAY_OR_STRUCT] = result
+        return result
+
+
 # ____________________________________________________________
 # ArrayDescrs
 
-_A = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Signed)     # a random gcarray
-_AF = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Float)     # an array of C doubles
+class ArrayDescr(AbstractDescr):
+    tid = 0
+    basesize = 0       # workaround for the annotator
+    itemsize = 0
+    lendescr = None
+    flag = '\x00'
 
-
-class BaseArrayDescr(AbstractDescr):
-    _clsname = ''
-    tid = llop.combine_ushort(lltype.Signed, 0, 0)
-
-    def get_base_size(self, translate_support_code):
-        basesize, _, _ = symbolic.get_array_token(_A, translate_support_code)
-        return basesize
-
-    def get_ofs_length(self, translate_support_code):
-        _, _, ofslength = symbolic.get_array_token(_A, translate_support_code)
-        return ofslength
-
-    def get_item_size(self, translate_support_code):
-        raise NotImplementedError
-
-    _is_array_of_pointers = False      # unless overridden by GcPtrArrayDescr
-    _is_array_of_floats   = False      # unless overridden by FloatArrayDescr
-    _is_array_of_structs  = False      # unless overridden by StructArrayDescr
-    _is_item_signed       = False      # unless overridden by XxxArrayDescr
+    def __init__(self, basesize, itemsize, lendescr, flag):
+        self.basesize = basesize
+        self.itemsize = itemsize
+        self.lendescr = lendescr    # or None, if no length
+        self.flag = flag
 
     def is_array_of_pointers(self):
-        return self._is_array_of_pointers
+        return self.flag == FLAG_POINTER
 
     def is_array_of_floats(self):
-        return self._is_array_of_floats
+        return self.flag == FLAG_FLOAT
+
+    def is_item_signed(self):
+        return self.flag == FLAG_SIGNED
 
     def is_array_of_structs(self):
-        return self._is_array_of_structs
-
-    def is_item_signed(self):
-        return self._is_item_signed
+        return self.flag == FLAG_STRUCT
 
     def repr_of_descr(self):
-        return '<%s>' % self._clsname
+        return '<Array%s %s>' % (self.flag, self.itemsize)
 
 
-class NonGcPtrArrayDescr(BaseArrayDescr):
-    _clsname = 'NonGcPtrArrayDescr'
-    def get_item_size(self, translate_support_code):
-        return symbolic.get_size_of_ptr(translate_support_code)
-
-class GcPtrArrayDescr(NonGcPtrArrayDescr):
-    _clsname = 'GcPtrArrayDescr'
-    _is_array_of_pointers = True
-
-class FloatArrayDescr(BaseArrayDescr):
-    _clsname = 'FloatArrayDescr'
-    _is_array_of_floats = True
-    def get_base_size(self, translate_support_code):
-        basesize, _, _ = symbolic.get_array_token(_AF, translate_support_code)
-        return basesize
-    def get_item_size(self, translate_support_code):
-        return symbolic.get_size(lltype.Float, translate_support_code)
-
-class StructArrayDescr(BaseArrayDescr):
-    _clsname = 'StructArrayDescr'
-    _is_array_of_structs = True
-
-class BaseArrayNoLengthDescr(BaseArrayDescr):
-    def get_base_size(self, translate_support_code):
-        return 0
-
-    def get_ofs_length(self, translate_support_code):
-        return -1
-
-class DynamicArrayNoLengthDescr(BaseArrayNoLengthDescr):
-    def __init__(self, itemsize):
-        self.itemsize = itemsize
-
-    def get_item_size(self, translate_support_code):
-        return self.itemsize
-
-class NonGcPtrArrayNoLengthDescr(BaseArrayNoLengthDescr):
-    _clsname = 'NonGcPtrArrayNoLengthDescr'
-    def get_item_size(self, translate_support_code):
-        return symbolic.get_size_of_ptr(translate_support_code)
-
-class GcPtrArrayNoLengthDescr(NonGcPtrArrayNoLengthDescr):
-    _clsname = 'GcPtrArrayNoLengthDescr'
-    _is_array_of_pointers = True
-
-def getArrayDescrClass(ARRAY):
-    if ARRAY.OF is lltype.Float:
-        return FloatArrayDescr
-    elif isinstance(ARRAY.OF, lltype.Struct):
-        class Descr(StructArrayDescr):
-            _clsname = '%sArrayDescr' % ARRAY.OF._name
-            def get_item_size(self, translate_support_code):
-                return symbolic.get_size(ARRAY.OF, translate_support_code)
-        Descr.__name__ = Descr._clsname
-        return Descr
-    return getDescrClass(ARRAY.OF, BaseArrayDescr, GcPtrArrayDescr,
-                         NonGcPtrArrayDescr, 'Array', 'get_item_size',
-                         '_is_array_of_floats', '_is_item_signed')
-
-def getArrayNoLengthDescrClass(ARRAY):
-    return getDescrClass(ARRAY.OF, BaseArrayNoLengthDescr, GcPtrArrayNoLengthDescr,
-                         NonGcPtrArrayNoLengthDescr, 'ArrayNoLength', 'get_item_size',
-                         '_is_array_of_floats', '_is_item_signed')
-
-def get_array_descr(gccache, ARRAY):
+def get_array_descr(gccache, ARRAY_OR_STRUCT):
     cache = gccache._cache_array
     try:
-        return cache[ARRAY]
+        return cache[ARRAY_OR_STRUCT]
     except KeyError:
-        # we only support Arrays that are either GcArrays, or raw no-length
-        # non-gc Arrays.
-        if ARRAY._hints.get('nolength', False):
-            assert not isinstance(ARRAY, lltype.GcArray)
-            arraydescr = getArrayNoLengthDescrClass(ARRAY)()
+        tsc = gccache.translate_support_code
+        basesize, itemsize, _ = symbolic.get_array_token(ARRAY_OR_STRUCT, tsc)
+        if isinstance(ARRAY_OR_STRUCT, lltype.Array):
+            ARRAY_INSIDE = ARRAY_OR_STRUCT
         else:
-            assert isinstance(ARRAY, lltype.GcArray)
-            arraydescr = getArrayDescrClass(ARRAY)()
-        # verify basic assumption that all arrays' basesize and ofslength
-        # are equal
-        basesize, itemsize, ofslength = symbolic.get_array_token(ARRAY, False)
-        assert basesize == arraydescr.get_base_size(False)
-        assert itemsize == arraydescr.get_item_size(False)
-        if not ARRAY._hints.get('nolength', False):
-            assert ofslength == arraydescr.get_ofs_length(False)
-        if isinstance(ARRAY, lltype.GcArray):
-            gccache.init_array_descr(ARRAY, arraydescr)
-        cache[ARRAY] = arraydescr
+            ARRAY_INSIDE = ARRAY_OR_STRUCT._flds[ARRAY_OR_STRUCT._arrayfld]
+        if ARRAY_INSIDE._hints.get('nolength', False):
+            lendescr = None
+        else:
+            lendescr = get_field_arraylen_descr(gccache, ARRAY_OR_STRUCT)
+        flag = get_type_flag(ARRAY_INSIDE.OF)
+        arraydescr = ArrayDescr(basesize, itemsize, lendescr, flag)
+        if ARRAY_OR_STRUCT._gckind == 'gc':
+            gccache.init_array_descr(ARRAY_OR_STRUCT, arraydescr)
+        cache[ARRAY_OR_STRUCT] = arraydescr
         return arraydescr
 
+
 # ____________________________________________________________
 # InteriorFieldDescr
 
 class InteriorFieldDescr(AbstractDescr):
-    arraydescr = BaseArrayDescr()     # workaround for the annotator
-    fielddescr = BaseFieldDescr('', 0)
+    arraydescr = ArrayDescr(0, 0, None, '\x00')  # workaround for the annotator
+    fielddescr = FieldDescr('', 0, 0, '\x00')
 
     def __init__(self, arraydescr, fielddescr):
+        assert arraydescr.flag == FLAG_STRUCT
         self.arraydescr = arraydescr
         self.fielddescr = fielddescr
 
+    def sort_key(self):
+        return self.fielddescr.sort_key()
+
     def is_pointer_field(self):
         return self.fielddescr.is_pointer_field()
 
     def is_float_field(self):
         return self.fielddescr.is_float_field()
 
-    def sort_key(self):
-        return self.fielddescr.sort_key()
-
     def repr_of_descr(self):
         return '<InteriorFieldDescr %s>' % self.fielddescr.repr_of_descr()
 
-def get_interiorfield_descr(gc_ll_descr, ARRAY, FIELDTP, name):
+def get_interiorfield_descr(gc_ll_descr, ARRAY, name):
     cache = gc_ll_descr._cache_interiorfield
     try:
-        return cache[(ARRAY, FIELDTP, name)]
+        return cache[(ARRAY, name)]
     except KeyError:
         arraydescr = get_array_descr(gc_ll_descr, ARRAY)
-        fielddescr = get_field_descr(gc_ll_descr, FIELDTP, name)
+        fielddescr = get_field_descr(gc_ll_descr, ARRAY.OF, name)
         descr = InteriorFieldDescr(arraydescr, fielddescr)
-        cache[(ARRAY, FIELDTP, name)] = descr
+        cache[(ARRAY, name)] = descr
         return descr
 
+def get_dynamic_interiorfield_descr(gc_ll_descr, offset, width, fieldsize,
+                                    is_pointer, is_float, is_signed):
+    arraydescr = ArrayDescr(0, width, None, FLAG_STRUCT)
+    if is_pointer:
+        assert not is_float
+        flag = FLAG_POINTER
+    elif is_float:
+        flag = FLAG_FLOAT
+    elif is_signed:
+        flag = FLAG_SIGNED
+    else:
+        flag = FLAG_UNSIGNED
+    fielddescr = FieldDescr('dynamic', offset, fieldsize, flag)
+    return InteriorFieldDescr(arraydescr, fielddescr)
+
+
 # ____________________________________________________________
 # CallDescrs
 
-class BaseCallDescr(AbstractDescr):
-    _clsname = ''
-    loop_token = None
+class CallDescr(AbstractDescr):
     arg_classes = ''     # <-- annotation hack
+    result_type = '\x00'
+    result_flag = '\x00'
     ffi_flags = 1
+    call_stub_i = staticmethod(lambda func, args_i, args_r, args_f:
+                               0)
+    call_stub_r = staticmethod(lambda func, args_i, args_r, args_f:
+                               lltype.nullptr(llmemory.GCREF.TO))
+    call_stub_f = staticmethod(lambda func,args_i,args_r,args_f:
+                               longlong.ZEROF)
 
-    def __init__(self, arg_classes, extrainfo=None, ffi_flags=1):
-        self.arg_classes = arg_classes    # string of "r" and "i" (ref/int)
+    def __init__(self, arg_classes, result_type, result_signed, result_size,
+                 extrainfo=None, ffi_flags=1):
+        """
+            'arg_classes' is a string of characters, one per argument:
+                'i', 'r', 'f', 'L', 'S'
+
+            'result_type' is one character from the same list or 'v'
+
+            'result_signed' is a boolean True/False
+        """
+        self.arg_classes = arg_classes
+        self.result_type = result_type
+        self.result_size = result_size
         self.extrainfo = extrainfo
         self.ffi_flags = ffi_flags
         # NB. the default ffi_flags is 1, meaning FUNCFLAG_CDECL, which
         # makes sense on Windows as it's the one for all the C functions
         # we are compiling together with the JIT.  On non-Windows platforms
         # it is just ignored anyway.
+        if result_type == 'v':
+            result_flag = FLAG_VOID
+        elif result_type == 'i':
+            if result_signed:
+                result_flag = FLAG_SIGNED
+            else:
+                result_flag = FLAG_UNSIGNED
+        elif result_type == history.REF:
+            result_flag = FLAG_POINTER
+        elif result_type == history.FLOAT or result_type == 'L':
+            result_flag = FLAG_FLOAT
+        elif result_type == 'S':
+            result_flag = FLAG_UNSIGNED
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError("result_type = '%s'" % (result_type,))
+        self.result_flag = result_flag
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        res = '%s(%s)' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.arg_classes)
+        res = 'CallDescr(%s)' % (self.arg_classes,)
         extraeffect = getattr(self.extrainfo, 'extraeffect', None)
         if extraeffect is not None:
             res += ' EF=%r' % extraeffect
@@ -363,14 +333,14 @@
     def get_arg_types(self):
         return self.arg_classes
 
-    def get_return_type(self):
-        return self._return_type
+    def get_result_type(self):
+        return self.result_type
 
-    def get_result_size(self, translate_support_code):
-        raise NotImplementedError
+    def get_result_size(self):
+        return self.result_size
 
     def is_result_signed(self):
-        return False    # unless overridden
+        return self.result_flag == FLAG_SIGNED
 
     def create_call_stub(self, rtyper, RESULT):
         from pypy.rlib.clibffi import FFI_DEFAULT_ABI
@@ -408,18 +378,26 @@
         seen = {'i': 0, 'r': 0, 'f': 0}
         args = ", ".join([process(c) for c in self.arg_classes])
 
-        if self.get_return_type() == history.INT:
+        result_type = self.get_result_type()
+        if result_type == history.INT:
             result = 'rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, res)'
-        elif self.get_return_type() == history.REF:
+            category = 'i'
+        elif result_type == history.REF:
+            assert RESULT == llmemory.GCREF   # should be ensured by the caller
             result = 'lltype.cast_opaque_ptr(llmemory.GCREF, res)'
-        elif self.get_return_type() == history.FLOAT:
+            category = 'r'
+        elif result_type == history.FLOAT:
             result = 'longlong.getfloatstorage(res)'
-        elif self.get_return_type() == 'L':
+            category = 'f'
+        elif result_type == 'L':
             result = 'rffi.cast(lltype.SignedLongLong, res)'
-        elif self.get_return_type() == history.VOID:
-            result = 'None'
-        elif self.get_return_type() == 'S':
+            category = 'f'
+        elif result_type == history.VOID:
+            result = '0'
+            category = 'i'
+        elif result_type == 'S':
             result = 'longlong.singlefloat2int(res)'
+            category = 'i'
         else:
             assert 0
         source = py.code.Source("""
@@ -433,10 +411,13 @@
         d = globals().copy()
         d.update(locals())
         exec source.compile() in d
-        self.call_stub = d['call_stub']
+        call_stub = d['call_stub']
+        # store the function into one of three attributes, to preserve
+        # type-correctness of the return value
+        setattr(self, 'call_stub_%s' % category, call_stub)
 
     def verify_types(self, args_i, args_r, args_f, return_type):
-        assert self._return_type in return_type
+        assert self.result_type in return_type
         assert (self.arg_classes.count('i') +
                 self.arg_classes.count('S')) == len(args_i or ())
         assert self.arg_classes.count('r') == len(args_r or ())
@@ -444,161 +425,56 @@
                 self.arg_classes.count('L')) == len(args_f or ())
 
     def repr_of_descr(self):
-        return '<%s>' % self._clsname
+        res = 'Call%s %d' % (self.result_type, self.result_size)
+        if self.arg_classes:
+            res += ' ' + self.arg_classes
+        if self.extrainfo:
+            res += ' EF=%d' % self.extrainfo.extraeffect
+            oopspecindex = self.extrainfo.oopspecindex
+            if oopspecindex:
+                res += ' OS=%d' % oopspecindex
+        return '<%s>' % res
 
 
-class BaseIntCallDescr(BaseCallDescr):
-    # Base class of the various subclasses of descrs corresponding to
-    # calls having a return kind of 'int' (including non-gc pointers).
-    # The inheritance hierarchy is a bit different than with other Descr
-    # classes because of the 'call_stub' attribute, which is of type
-    #
-    #     lambda func, args_i, args_r, args_f --> int/ref/float/void
-    #
-    # The purpose of BaseIntCallDescr is to be the parent of all classes
-    # in which 'call_stub' has a return kind of 'int'.
-    _return_type = history.INT
-    call_stub = staticmethod(lambda func, args_i, args_r, args_f: 0)
-
-    _is_result_signed = False      # can be overridden in XxxCallDescr
-    def is_result_signed(self):
-        return self._is_result_signed
-
-class DynamicIntCallDescr(BaseIntCallDescr):
-    """
-    calldescr that works for every integer type, by explicitly passing it the
-    size of the result. Used only by get_call_descr_dynamic
-    """
-    _clsname = 'DynamicIntCallDescr'
-
-    def __init__(self, arg_classes, result_size, result_sign, extrainfo, ffi_flags):
-        BaseIntCallDescr.__init__(self, arg_classes, extrainfo, ffi_flags)
-        assert isinstance(result_sign, bool)
-        self._result_size = chr(result_size)
-        self._result_sign = result_sign
-
-    def get_result_size(self, translate_support_code):
-        return ord(self._result_size)
-
-    def is_result_signed(self):
-        return self._result_sign
-
-
-class NonGcPtrCallDescr(BaseIntCallDescr):
-    _clsname = 'NonGcPtrCallDescr'
-    def get_result_size(self, translate_support_code):
-        return symbolic.get_size_of_ptr(translate_support_code)
-
-class GcPtrCallDescr(BaseCallDescr):
-    _clsname = 'GcPtrCallDescr'
-    _return_type = history.REF
-    call_stub = staticmethod(lambda func, args_i, args_r, args_f:
-                             lltype.nullptr(llmemory.GCREF.TO))
-    def get_result_size(self, translate_support_code):
-        return symbolic.get_size_of_ptr(translate_support_code)
-
-class FloatCallDescr(BaseCallDescr):
-    _clsname = 'FloatCallDescr'
-    _return_type = history.FLOAT
-    call_stub = staticmethod(lambda func,args_i,args_r,args_f: longlong.ZEROF)
-    def get_result_size(self, translate_support_code):
-        return symbolic.get_size(lltype.Float, translate_support_code)
-
-class LongLongCallDescr(FloatCallDescr):
-    _clsname = 'LongLongCallDescr'
-    _return_type = 'L'
-
-class VoidCallDescr(BaseCallDescr):
-    _clsname = 'VoidCallDescr'
-    _return_type = history.VOID
-    call_stub = staticmethod(lambda func, args_i, args_r, args_f: None)
-    def get_result_size(self, translate_support_code):
-        return 0
-
-_SingleFloatCallDescr = None   # built lazily
-
-def getCallDescrClass(RESULT):
-    if RESULT is lltype.Void:
-        return VoidCallDescr
-    if RESULT is lltype.Float:
-        return FloatCallDescr
-    if RESULT is lltype.SingleFloat:
-        global _SingleFloatCallDescr
-        if _SingleFloatCallDescr is None:
-            assert rffi.sizeof(rffi.UINT) == rffi.sizeof(RESULT)
-            class SingleFloatCallDescr(getCallDescrClass(rffi.UINT)):
-                _clsname = 'SingleFloatCallDescr'
-                _return_type = 'S'
-            _SingleFloatCallDescr = SingleFloatCallDescr
-        return _SingleFloatCallDescr
-    if is_longlong(RESULT):
-        return LongLongCallDescr
-    return getDescrClass(RESULT, BaseIntCallDescr, GcPtrCallDescr,
-                         NonGcPtrCallDescr, 'Call', 'get_result_size',
-                         Ellipsis,  # <= floatattrname should not be used here
-                         '_is_result_signed')
-getCallDescrClass._annspecialcase_ = 'specialize:memo'
+def map_type_to_argclass(ARG, accept_void=False):
+    kind = getkind(ARG)
+    if   kind == 'int':
+        if ARG is lltype.SingleFloat: return 'S'
+        else:                         return 'i'
+    elif kind == 'ref':               return 'r'
+    elif kind == 'float':
+        if is_longlong(ARG):          return 'L'
+        else:                         return 'f'
+    elif kind == 'void':
+        if accept_void:               return 'v'
+    raise NotImplementedError('ARG = %r' % (ARG,))
 
 def get_call_descr(gccache, ARGS, RESULT, extrainfo=None):
-    arg_classes = []
-    for ARG in ARGS:
-        kind = getkind(ARG)
-        if   kind == 'int':
-            if ARG is lltype.SingleFloat:
-                arg_classes.append('S')
+    arg_classes = map(map_type_to_argclass, ARGS)
+    arg_classes = ''.join(arg_classes)
+    result_type = map_type_to_argclass(RESULT, accept_void=True)
+    RESULT_ERASED = RESULT
+    if RESULT is lltype.Void:
+        result_size = 0
+        result_signed = False
+    else:
+        if isinstance(RESULT, lltype.Ptr):
+            # avoid too many CallDescrs
+            if result_type == 'r':
+                RESULT_ERASED = llmemory.GCREF
             else:
-                arg_classes.append('i')
-        elif kind == 'ref': arg_classes.append('r')
-        elif kind == 'float':
-            if is_longlong(ARG):
-                arg_classes.append('L')
-            else:
-                arg_classes.append('f')
-        else:
-            raise NotImplementedError('ARG = %r' % (ARG,))
-    arg_classes = ''.join(arg_classes)
-    cls = getCallDescrClass(RESULT)
-    key = (cls, arg_classes, extrainfo)
+                RESULT_ERASED = llmemory.Address
+        result_size = symbolic.get_size(RESULT_ERASED,
+                                        gccache.translate_support_code)
+        result_signed = get_type_flag(RESULT) == FLAG_SIGNED
+    key = (arg_classes, result_type, result_signed, RESULT_ERASED, extrainfo)
     cache = gccache._cache_call
     try:
-        return cache[key]
+        calldescr = cache[key]
     except KeyError:
-        calldescr = cls(arg_classes, extrainfo)
-        calldescr.create_call_stub(gccache.rtyper, RESULT)
+        calldescr = CallDescr(arg_classes, result_type, result_signed,
+                              result_size, extrainfo)
+        calldescr.create_call_stub(gccache.rtyper, RESULT_ERASED)
         cache[key] = calldescr
-        return calldescr
-
-
-# ____________________________________________________________
-
-def getDescrClass(TYPE, BaseDescr, GcPtrDescr, NonGcPtrDescr,
-                  nameprefix, methodname, floatattrname, signedattrname,
-                  _cache={}):
-    if isinstance(TYPE, lltype.Ptr):
-        if TYPE.TO._gckind == 'gc':
-            return GcPtrDescr
-        else:
-            return NonGcPtrDescr
-    if TYPE is lltype.SingleFloat:
-        assert rffi.sizeof(rffi.UINT) == rffi.sizeof(TYPE)
-        TYPE = rffi.UINT
-    try:
-        return _cache[nameprefix, TYPE]
-    except KeyError:
-        #
-        class Descr(BaseDescr):
-            _clsname = '%s%sDescr' % (TYPE._name, nameprefix)
-        Descr.__name__ = Descr._clsname
-        #
-        def method(self, translate_support_code):
-            return symbolic.get_size(TYPE, translate_support_code)
-        setattr(Descr, methodname, method)
-        #
-        if TYPE is lltype.Float or is_longlong(TYPE):
-            setattr(Descr, floatattrname, True)
-        elif (TYPE is not lltype.Bool and isinstance(TYPE, lltype.Number) and
-              rffi.cast(TYPE, -1) == -1):
-            setattr(Descr, signedattrname, True)
-        #
-        _cache[nameprefix, TYPE] = Descr
-        return Descr
+    assert repr(calldescr.result_size) == repr(result_size)
+    return calldescr
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/ffisupport.py b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/ffisupport.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/ffisupport.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/ffisupport.py
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import intmask
 from pypy.jit.metainterp import history
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import rffi
-from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import (
-    DynamicIntCallDescr, NonGcPtrCallDescr, FloatCallDescr, VoidCallDescr,
-    LongLongCallDescr, getCallDescrClass)
+from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import CallDescr
 
 class UnsupportedKind(Exception):
     pass
@@ -16,29 +14,13 @@
         argkinds = [get_ffi_type_kind(cpu, arg) for arg in ffi_args]
     except UnsupportedKind:
         return None
-    arg_classes = ''.join(argkinds)
-    if reskind == history.INT:
-        size = intmask(ffi_result.c_size)
-        signed = is_ffi_type_signed(ffi_result)
-        return DynamicIntCallDescr(arg_classes, size, signed, extrainfo,
-                                   ffi_flags=ffi_flags)
-    elif reskind == history.REF:
-        return  NonGcPtrCallDescr(arg_classes, extrainfo,
-                                  ffi_flags=ffi_flags)
-    elif reskind == history.FLOAT:
-        return FloatCallDescr(arg_classes, extrainfo,
-                              ffi_flags=ffi_flags)
-    elif reskind == history.VOID:
-        return VoidCallDescr(arg_classes, extrainfo,
-                             ffi_flags=ffi_flags)
-    elif reskind == 'L':
-        return LongLongCallDescr(arg_classes, extrainfo,
-                                 ffi_flags=ffi_flags)
-    elif reskind == 'S':
-        SingleFloatCallDescr = getCallDescrClass(rffi.FLOAT)
-        return SingleFloatCallDescr(arg_classes, extrainfo,
-                                    ffi_flags=ffi_flags)
-    assert False
+    if reskind == history.VOID:
+        result_size = 0
+    else:
+        result_size = intmask(ffi_result.c_size)
+    argkinds = ''.join(argkinds)
+    return CallDescr(argkinds, reskind, is_ffi_type_signed(ffi_result),
+                     result_size, extrainfo, ffi_flags=ffi_flags)
 
 def get_ffi_type_kind(cpu, ffi_type):
     from pypy.rlib.libffi import types
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/gc.py b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/gc.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/gc.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/gc.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import os
 from pypy.rlib import rgc
-from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import we_are_translated
+from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import we_are_translated, specialize
 from pypy.rlib.debug import fatalerror
 from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import ovfcheck
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, llmemory, rffi, rclass, rstr
@@ -8,52 +8,93 @@
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem.lloperation import llop
 from pypy.rpython.annlowlevel import llhelper
 from pypy.translator.tool.cbuild import ExternalCompilationInfo
-from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import BoxInt, BoxPtr, ConstInt, ConstPtr
-from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import AbstractDescr
+from pypy.jit.codewriter import heaptracker
+from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import ConstPtr, AbstractDescr
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.resoperation import ResOperation, rop
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport import symbolic
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.symbolic import WORD
-from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import BaseSizeDescr, BaseArrayDescr
+from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import SizeDescr, ArrayDescr
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import GcCache, get_field_descr
-from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import GcPtrFieldDescr
+from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import get_array_descr
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import get_call_descr
+from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.rewrite import GcRewriterAssembler
 from pypy.rpython.memory.gctransform import asmgcroot
 
 # ____________________________________________________________
 
 class GcLLDescription(GcCache):
-    minimal_size_in_nursery = 0
-    get_malloc_slowpath_addr = None
 
     def __init__(self, gcdescr, translator=None, rtyper=None):
         GcCache.__init__(self, translator is not None, rtyper)
         self.gcdescr = gcdescr
+        if translator and translator.config.translation.gcremovetypeptr:
+            self.fielddescr_vtable = None
+        else:
+            self.fielddescr_vtable = get_field_descr(self, rclass.OBJECT,
+                                                     'typeptr')
+        self._generated_functions = []
+
+    def _setup_str(self):
+        self.str_descr     = get_array_descr(self, rstr.STR)
+        self.unicode_descr = get_array_descr(self, rstr.UNICODE)
+
+    def generate_function(self, funcname, func, ARGS, RESULT=llmemory.GCREF):
+        """Generates a variant of malloc with the given name and the given
+        arguments.  It should return NULL if out of memory.  If it raises
+        anything, it must be an optional MemoryError.
+        """
+        FUNCPTR = lltype.Ptr(lltype.FuncType(ARGS, RESULT))
+        descr = get_call_descr(self, ARGS, RESULT)
+        setattr(self, funcname, func)
+        setattr(self, funcname + '_FUNCPTR', FUNCPTR)
+        setattr(self, funcname + '_descr', descr)
+        self._generated_functions.append(funcname)
+
+    @specialize.arg(1)
+    def get_malloc_fn(self, funcname):
+        func = getattr(self, funcname)
+        FUNC = getattr(self, funcname + '_FUNCPTR')
+        return llhelper(FUNC, func)
+
+    @specialize.arg(1)
+    def get_malloc_fn_addr(self, funcname):
+        ll_func = self.get_malloc_fn(funcname)
+        return heaptracker.adr2int(llmemory.cast_ptr_to_adr(ll_func))
+
     def _freeze_(self):
         return True
     def initialize(self):
         pass
     def do_write_barrier(self, gcref_struct, gcref_newptr):
         pass
-    def rewrite_assembler(self, cpu, operations, gcrefs_output_list):
-        return operations
-    def can_inline_malloc(self, descr):
-        return False
-    def can_inline_malloc_varsize(self, descr, num_elem):
+    def can_use_nursery_malloc(self, size):
         return False
     def has_write_barrier_class(self):
         return None
     def freeing_block(self, start, stop):
         pass
+    def get_nursery_free_addr(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+    def get_nursery_top_addr(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
 
-    def get_funcptr_for_newarray(self):
-        return llhelper(self.GC_MALLOC_ARRAY, self.malloc_array)
-    def get_funcptr_for_newstr(self):
-        return llhelper(self.GC_MALLOC_STR_UNICODE, self.malloc_str)
-    def get_funcptr_for_newunicode(self):
-        return llhelper(self.GC_MALLOC_STR_UNICODE, self.malloc_unicode)
+    def gc_malloc(self, sizedescr):
+        """Blackhole: do a 'bh_new'.  Also used for 'bh_new_with_vtable',
+        with the vtable pointer set manually afterwards."""
+        assert isinstance(sizedescr, SizeDescr)
+        return self._bh_malloc(sizedescr)
 
+    def gc_malloc_array(self, arraydescr, num_elem):
+        assert isinstance(arraydescr, ArrayDescr)
+        return self._bh_malloc_array(arraydescr, num_elem)
 
-    def record_constptrs(self, op, gcrefs_output_list):
+    def gc_malloc_str(self, num_elem):
+        return self._bh_malloc_array(self.str_descr, num_elem)
+
+    def gc_malloc_unicode(self, num_elem):
+        return self._bh_malloc_array(self.unicode_descr, num_elem)
+
+    def _record_constptrs(self, op, gcrefs_output_list):
         for i in range(op.numargs()):
             v = op.getarg(i)
             if isinstance(v, ConstPtr) and bool(v.value):
@@ -61,11 +102,27 @@
                 rgc._make_sure_does_not_move(p)
                 gcrefs_output_list.append(p)
 
+    def rewrite_assembler(self, cpu, operations, gcrefs_output_list):
+        rewriter = GcRewriterAssembler(self, cpu)
+        newops = rewriter.rewrite(operations)
+        # record all GCREFs, because the GC (or Boehm) cannot see them and
+        # keep them alive if they end up as constants in the assembler
+        for op in newops:
+            self._record_constptrs(op, gcrefs_output_list)
+        return newops
+
 # ____________________________________________________________
 
 class GcLLDescr_boehm(GcLLDescription):
-    moving_gc = False
-    gcrootmap = None
+    kind                  = 'boehm'
+    moving_gc             = False
+    round_up              = False
+    gcrootmap             = None
+    write_barrier_descr   = None
+    fielddescr_tid        = None
+    str_type_id           = 0
+    unicode_type_id       = 0
+    get_malloc_slowpath_addr = None
 
     @classmethod
     def configure_boehm_once(cls):
@@ -76,6 +133,16 @@
         from pypy.rpython.tool import rffi_platform
         compilation_info = rffi_platform.configure_boehm()
 
+        # on some platform GC_init is required before any other
+        # GC_* functions, call it here for the benefit of tests
+        # XXX move this to tests
+        init_fn_ptr = rffi.llexternal("GC_init",
+                                      [], lltype.Void,
+                                      compilation_info=compilation_info,
+                                      sandboxsafe=True,
+                                      _nowrapper=True)
+        init_fn_ptr()
+
         # Versions 6.x of libgc needs to use GC_local_malloc().
         # Versions 7.x of libgc removed this function; GC_malloc() has
         # the same behavior if libgc was compiled with
@@ -95,96 +162,42 @@
                                         sandboxsafe=True,
                                         _nowrapper=True)
         cls.malloc_fn_ptr = malloc_fn_ptr
-        cls.compilation_info = compilation_info
         return malloc_fn_ptr
 
     def __init__(self, gcdescr, translator, rtyper):
         GcLLDescription.__init__(self, gcdescr, translator, rtyper)
         # grab a pointer to the Boehm 'malloc' function
-        malloc_fn_ptr = self.configure_boehm_once()
-        self.funcptr_for_new = malloc_fn_ptr
+        self.malloc_fn_ptr = self.configure_boehm_once()
+        self._setup_str()
+        self._make_functions()
 
-        def malloc_array(basesize, itemsize, ofs_length, num_elem):
+    def _make_functions(self):
+
+        def malloc_fixedsize(size):
+            return self.malloc_fn_ptr(size)
+        self.generate_function('malloc_fixedsize', malloc_fixedsize,
+                               [lltype.Signed])
+
+        def malloc_array(basesize, num_elem, itemsize, ofs_length):
             try:
-                size = ovfcheck(basesize + ovfcheck(itemsize * num_elem))
+                totalsize = ovfcheck(basesize + ovfcheck(itemsize * num_elem))
             except OverflowError:
                 return lltype.nullptr(llmemory.GCREF.TO)
-            res = self.funcptr_for_new(size)
-            if not res:
-                return res
-            rffi.cast(rffi.CArrayPtr(lltype.Signed), res)[ofs_length/WORD] = num_elem
+            res = self.malloc_fn_ptr(totalsize)
+            if res:
+                arrayptr = rffi.cast(rffi.CArrayPtr(lltype.Signed), res)
+                arrayptr[ofs_length/WORD] = num_elem
             return res
-        self.malloc_array = malloc_array
-        self.GC_MALLOC_ARRAY = lltype.Ptr(lltype.FuncType(
-            [lltype.Signed] * 4, llmemory.GCREF))
+        self.generate_function('malloc_array', malloc_array,
+                               [lltype.Signed] * 4)
 
+    def _bh_malloc(self, sizedescr):
+        return self.malloc_fixedsize(sizedescr.size)
 
-        (str_basesize, str_itemsize, str_ofs_length
-         ) = symbolic.get_array_token(rstr.STR, self.translate_support_code)
-        (unicode_basesize, unicode_itemsize, unicode_ofs_length
-         ) = symbolic.get_array_token(rstr.UNICODE, self.translate_support_code)
-        def malloc_str(length):
-            return self.malloc_array(
-                str_basesize, str_itemsize, str_ofs_length, length
-            )
-        def malloc_unicode(length):
-            return self.malloc_array(
-                unicode_basesize, unicode_itemsize, unicode_ofs_length, length
-            )
-        self.malloc_str = malloc_str
-        self.malloc_unicode = malloc_unicode
-        self.GC_MALLOC_STR_UNICODE = lltype.Ptr(lltype.FuncType(
-            [lltype.Signed], llmemory.GCREF))
-
-
-        # on some platform GC_init is required before any other
-        # GC_* functions, call it here for the benefit of tests
-        # XXX move this to tests
-        init_fn_ptr = rffi.llexternal("GC_init",
-                                      [], lltype.Void,
-                                      compilation_info=self.compilation_info,
-                                      sandboxsafe=True,
-                                      _nowrapper=True)
-
-        init_fn_ptr()
-
-    def gc_malloc(self, sizedescr):
-        assert isinstance(sizedescr, BaseSizeDescr)
-        return self.funcptr_for_new(sizedescr.size)
-
-    def gc_malloc_array(self, arraydescr, num_elem):
-        assert isinstance(arraydescr, BaseArrayDescr)
-        ofs_length = arraydescr.get_ofs_length(self.translate_support_code)
-        basesize = arraydescr.get_base_size(self.translate_support_code)
-        itemsize = arraydescr.get_item_size(self.translate_support_code)
-        return self.malloc_array(basesize, itemsize, ofs_length, num_elem)
-
-    def gc_malloc_str(self, num_elem):
-        return self.malloc_str(num_elem)
-
-    def gc_malloc_unicode(self, num_elem):
-        return self.malloc_unicode(num_elem)
-
-    def args_for_new(self, sizedescr):
-        assert isinstance(sizedescr, BaseSizeDescr)
-        return [sizedescr.size]
-
-    def args_for_new_array(self, arraydescr):
-        ofs_length = arraydescr.get_ofs_length(self.translate_support_code)
-        basesize = arraydescr.get_base_size(self.translate_support_code)
-        itemsize = arraydescr.get_item_size(self.translate_support_code)
-        return [basesize, itemsize, ofs_length]
-
-    def get_funcptr_for_new(self):
-        return self.funcptr_for_new
-
-    def rewrite_assembler(self, cpu, operations, gcrefs_output_list):
-        # record all GCREFs too, because Boehm cannot see them and keep them
-        # alive if they end up as constants in the assembler
-        for op in operations:
-            self.record_constptrs(op, gcrefs_output_list)
-        return GcLLDescription.rewrite_assembler(self, cpu, operations,
-                                                 gcrefs_output_list)
+    def _bh_malloc_array(self, arraydescr, num_elem):
+        return self.malloc_array(arraydescr.basesize, num_elem,
+                                 arraydescr.itemsize,
+                                 arraydescr.lendescr.offset)
 
 
 # ____________________________________________________________
@@ -554,12 +567,14 @@
 
 class WriteBarrierDescr(AbstractDescr):
     def __init__(self, gc_ll_descr):
-        GCClass = gc_ll_descr.GCClass
         self.llop1 = gc_ll_descr.llop1
         self.WB_FUNCPTR = gc_ll_descr.WB_FUNCPTR
         self.WB_ARRAY_FUNCPTR = gc_ll_descr.WB_ARRAY_FUNCPTR
-        self.fielddescr_tid = get_field_descr(gc_ll_descr, GCClass.HDR, 'tid')
+        self.fielddescr_tid = gc_ll_descr.fielddescr_tid
         #
+        GCClass = gc_ll_descr.GCClass
+        if GCClass is None:     # for tests
+            return
         self.jit_wb_if_flag = GCClass.JIT_WB_IF_FLAG
         self.jit_wb_if_flag_byteofs, self.jit_wb_if_flag_singlebyte = (
             self.extract_flag_byte(self.jit_wb_if_flag))
@@ -596,48 +611,74 @@
         funcaddr = llmemory.cast_ptr_to_adr(funcptr)
         return cpu.cast_adr_to_int(funcaddr)    # this may return 0
 
+    def has_write_barrier_from_array(self, cpu):
+        return self.get_write_barrier_from_array_fn(cpu) != 0
+
 
 class GcLLDescr_framework(GcLLDescription):
     DEBUG = False    # forced to True by x86/test/test_zrpy_gc.py
+    kind = 'framework'
+    round_up = True
 
-    def __init__(self, gcdescr, translator, rtyper, llop1=llop):
-        from pypy.rpython.memory.gctypelayout import check_typeid
-        from pypy.rpython.memory.gcheader import GCHeaderBuilder
-        from pypy.rpython.memory.gctransform import framework
+    def __init__(self, gcdescr, translator, rtyper, llop1=llop,
+                 really_not_translated=False):
         GcLLDescription.__init__(self, gcdescr, translator, rtyper)
-        assert self.translate_support_code, "required with the framework GC"
         self.translator = translator
         self.llop1 = llop1
+        if really_not_translated:
+            assert not self.translate_support_code  # but half does not work
+            self._initialize_for_tests()
+        else:
+            assert self.translate_support_code,"required with the framework GC"
+            self._check_valid_gc()
+            self._make_gcrootmap()
+            self._make_layoutbuilder()
+            self._setup_gcclass()
+            self._setup_tid()
+        self._setup_write_barrier()
+        self._setup_str()
+        self._make_functions(really_not_translated)
 
+    def _initialize_for_tests(self):
+        self.layoutbuilder = None
+        self.fielddescr_tid = AbstractDescr()
+        self.max_size_of_young_obj = 1000
+        self.GCClass = None
+
+    def _check_valid_gc(self):
         # we need the hybrid or minimark GC for rgc._make_sure_does_not_move()
         # to work
-        if gcdescr.config.translation.gc not in ('hybrid', 'minimark'):
+        if self.gcdescr.config.translation.gc not in ('hybrid', 'minimark'):
             raise NotImplementedError("--gc=%s not implemented with the JIT" %
                                       (gcdescr.config.translation.gc,))
 
+    def _make_gcrootmap(self):
         # to find roots in the assembler, make a GcRootMap
-        name = gcdescr.config.translation.gcrootfinder
+        name = self.gcdescr.config.translation.gcrootfinder
         try:
             cls = globals()['GcRootMap_' + name]
         except KeyError:
             raise NotImplementedError("--gcrootfinder=%s not implemented"
                                       " with the JIT" % (name,))
-        gcrootmap = cls(gcdescr)
+        gcrootmap = cls(self.gcdescr)
         self.gcrootmap = gcrootmap
 
+    def _make_layoutbuilder(self):
         # make a TransformerLayoutBuilder and save it on the translator
         # where it can be fished and reused by the FrameworkGCTransformer
+        from pypy.rpython.memory.gctransform import framework
+        translator = self.translator
         self.layoutbuilder = framework.TransformerLayoutBuilder(translator)
         self.layoutbuilder.delay_encoding()
-        self.translator._jit2gc = {'layoutbuilder': self.layoutbuilder}
-        gcrootmap.add_jit2gc_hooks(self.translator._jit2gc)
+        translator._jit2gc = {'layoutbuilder': self.layoutbuilder}
+        self.gcrootmap.add_jit2gc_hooks(translator._jit2gc)
 
+    def _setup_gcclass(self):
+        from pypy.rpython.memory.gcheader import GCHeaderBuilder
         self.GCClass = self.layoutbuilder.GCClass
         self.moving_gc = self.GCClass.moving_gc
         self.HDRPTR = lltype.Ptr(self.GCClass.HDR)
         self.gcheaderbuilder = GCHeaderBuilder(self.HDRPTR.TO)
-        (self.array_basesize, _, self.array_length_ofs) = \
-             symbolic.get_array_token(lltype.GcArray(lltype.Signed), True)
         self.max_size_of_young_obj = self.GCClass.JIT_max_size_of_young_obj()
         self.minimal_size_in_nursery=self.GCClass.JIT_minimal_size_in_nursery()
 
@@ -645,89 +686,126 @@
         assert self.GCClass.inline_simple_malloc
         assert self.GCClass.inline_simple_malloc_varsize
 
-        # make a malloc function, with two arguments
-        def malloc_basic(size, tid):
-            assert size > 0, 'size should be > 0'
-            type_id = llop.extract_ushort(llgroup.HALFWORD, tid)
-            check_typeid(type_id)
-            res = llop1.do_malloc_fixedsize_clear(llmemory.GCREF,
-                                                  type_id, size,
-                                                  False, False, False)
-            # In case the operation above failed, we are returning NULL
-            # from this function to assembler.  There is also an RPython
-            # exception set, typically MemoryError; but it's easier and
-            # faster to check for the NULL return value, as done by
-            # translator/exceptiontransform.py.
-            #llop.debug_print(lltype.Void, "\tmalloc_basic", size, type_id,
-            #                 "-->", res)
-            return res
-        self.malloc_basic = malloc_basic
-        self.GC_MALLOC_BASIC = lltype.Ptr(lltype.FuncType(
-            [lltype.Signed, lltype.Signed], llmemory.GCREF))
+    def _setup_tid(self):
+        self.fielddescr_tid = get_field_descr(self, self.GCClass.HDR, 'tid')
+
+    def _setup_write_barrier(self):
         self.WB_FUNCPTR = lltype.Ptr(lltype.FuncType(
             [llmemory.Address, llmemory.Address], lltype.Void))
         self.WB_ARRAY_FUNCPTR = lltype.Ptr(lltype.FuncType(
             [llmemory.Address, lltype.Signed, llmemory.Address], lltype.Void))
         self.write_barrier_descr = WriteBarrierDescr(self)
-        #
+
+    def _make_functions(self, really_not_translated):
+        from pypy.rpython.memory.gctypelayout import check_typeid
+        llop1 = self.llop1
+        (self.standard_array_basesize, _, self.standard_array_length_ofs) = \
+             symbolic.get_array_token(lltype.GcArray(lltype.Signed),
+                                      not really_not_translated)
+
+        def malloc_nursery_slowpath(size):
+            """Allocate 'size' null bytes out of the nursery.
+            Note that the fast path is typically inlined by the backend."""
+			assert size >= self.minimal_size_in_nursery
+            if self.DEBUG:
+                self._random_usage_of_xmm_registers()
+            type_id = rffi.cast(llgroup.HALFWORD, 0)    # missing here
+            return llop1.do_malloc_fixedsize_clear(llmemory.GCREF,
+                                                   type_id, size,
+                                                   False, False, False)
+        self.generate_function('malloc_nursery', malloc_nursery_slowpath,
+                               [lltype.Signed])
+
         def malloc_array(itemsize, tid, num_elem):
-            assert num_elem >= 0, 'num_elem should be >= 0'
+            """Allocate an array with a variable-size num_elem.
+            Only works for standard arrays."""
+			assert num_elem >= 0, 'num_elem should be >= 0'
             type_id = llop.extract_ushort(llgroup.HALFWORD, tid)
             check_typeid(type_id)
             return llop1.do_malloc_varsize_clear(
                 llmemory.GCREF,
-                type_id, num_elem, self.array_basesize, itemsize,
-                self.array_length_ofs)
-        self.malloc_array = malloc_array
-        self.GC_MALLOC_ARRAY = lltype.Ptr(lltype.FuncType(
-            [lltype.Signed] * 3, llmemory.GCREF))
-        #
-        (str_basesize, str_itemsize, str_ofs_length
-         ) = symbolic.get_array_token(rstr.STR, True)
-        (unicode_basesize, unicode_itemsize, unicode_ofs_length
-         ) = symbolic.get_array_token(rstr.UNICODE, True)
-        str_type_id = self.layoutbuilder.get_type_id(rstr.STR)
-        unicode_type_id = self.layoutbuilder.get_type_id(rstr.UNICODE)
-        #
+                type_id, num_elem, self.standard_array_basesize, itemsize,
+                self.standard_array_length_ofs)
+        self.generate_function('malloc_array', malloc_array,
+                               [lltype.Signed] * 3)
+
+        def malloc_array_nonstandard(basesize, itemsize, lengthofs, tid,
+                                     num_elem):
+            """For the rare case of non-standard arrays, i.e. arrays where
+            self.standard_array_{basesize,length_ofs} is wrong.  It can
+            occur e.g. with arrays of floats on Win32."""
+            type_id = llop.extract_ushort(llgroup.HALFWORD, tid)
+            check_typeid(type_id)
+            return llop1.do_malloc_varsize_clear(
+                llmemory.GCREF,
+                type_id, num_elem, basesize, itemsize, lengthofs)
+        self.generate_function('malloc_array_nonstandard',
+                               malloc_array_nonstandard,
+                               [lltype.Signed] * 5)
+
+        str_type_id    = self.str_descr.tid
+        str_basesize   = self.str_descr.basesize
+        str_itemsize   = self.str_descr.itemsize
+        str_ofs_length = self.str_descr.lendescr.offset
+        unicode_type_id    = self.unicode_descr.tid
+        unicode_basesize   = self.unicode_descr.basesize
+        unicode_itemsize   = self.unicode_descr.itemsize
+        unicode_ofs_length = self.unicode_descr.lendescr.offset
+
         def malloc_str(length):
             return llop1.do_malloc_varsize_clear(
                 llmemory.GCREF,
                 str_type_id, length, str_basesize, str_itemsize,
                 str_ofs_length)
+        self.generate_function('malloc_str', malloc_str,
+                               [lltype.Signed])
+
         def malloc_unicode(length):
             return llop1.do_malloc_varsize_clear(
                 llmemory.GCREF,
-                unicode_type_id, length, unicode_basesize,unicode_itemsize,
+                unicode_type_id, length, unicode_basesize, unicode_itemsize,
                 unicode_ofs_length)
-        self.malloc_str = malloc_str
-        self.malloc_unicode = malloc_unicode
-        self.GC_MALLOC_STR_UNICODE = lltype.Ptr(lltype.FuncType(
-            [lltype.Signed], llmemory.GCREF))
-        #
-        class ForTestOnly:
-            pass
-        for_test_only = ForTestOnly()
-        for_test_only.x = 1.23
-        def random_usage_of_xmm_registers():
-            x0 = for_test_only.x
-            x1 = x0 * 0.1
-            x2 = x0 * 0.2
-            x3 = x0 * 0.3
-            for_test_only.x = x0 + x1 + x2 + x3
-        #
-        def malloc_slowpath(size):
-            if self.DEBUG:
-                random_usage_of_xmm_registers()
-            assert size >= self.minimal_size_in_nursery
-            # NB. although we call do_malloc_fixedsize_clear() here,
-            # it's a bit of a hack because we set tid to 0 and may
-            # also use it to allocate varsized objects.  The tid
-            # and possibly the length are both set afterward.
-            gcref = llop1.do_malloc_fixedsize_clear(llmemory.GCREF,
-                                        0, size, False, False, False)
-            return rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, gcref)
-        self.malloc_slowpath = malloc_slowpath
-        self.MALLOC_SLOWPATH = lltype.FuncType([lltype.Signed], lltype.Signed)
+        self.generate_function('malloc_unicode', malloc_unicode,
+                               [lltype.Signed])
+
+        # Rarely called: allocate a fixed-size amount of bytes, but
+        # not in the nursery, because it is too big.  Implemented like
+        # malloc_nursery_slowpath() above.
+        self.generate_function('malloc_fixedsize', malloc_nursery_slowpath,
+                               [lltype.Signed])
+
+    def _bh_malloc(self, sizedescr):
+        from pypy.rpython.memory.gctypelayout import check_typeid
+        llop1 = self.llop1
+        type_id = llop.extract_ushort(llgroup.HALFWORD, sizedescr.tid)
+        check_typeid(type_id)
+        return llop1.do_malloc_fixedsize_clear(llmemory.GCREF,
+                                               type_id, sizedescr.size,
+                                               False, False, False)
+
+    def _bh_malloc_array(self, arraydescr, num_elem):
+        from pypy.rpython.memory.gctypelayout import check_typeid
+        llop1 = self.llop1
+        type_id = llop.extract_ushort(llgroup.HALFWORD, arraydescr.tid)
+        check_typeid(type_id)
+        return llop1.do_malloc_varsize_clear(llmemory.GCREF,
+                                             type_id, num_elem,
+                                             arraydescr.basesize,
+                                             arraydescr.itemsize,
+                                             arraydescr.lendescr.offset)
+
+
+    class ForTestOnly:
+        pass
+    for_test_only = ForTestOnly()
+    for_test_only.x = 1.23
+
+    def _random_usage_of_xmm_registers(self):
+        x0 = self.for_test_only.x
+        x1 = x0 * 0.1
+        x2 = x0 * 0.2
+        x3 = x0 * 0.3
+        self.for_test_only.x = x0 + x1 + x2 + x3
 
     def get_nursery_free_addr(self):
         nurs_addr = llop.gc_adr_of_nursery_free(llmemory.Address)
@@ -737,49 +815,26 @@
         nurs_top_addr = llop.gc_adr_of_nursery_top(llmemory.Address)
         return rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, nurs_top_addr)
 
-    def get_malloc_slowpath_addr(self):
-        fptr = llhelper(lltype.Ptr(self.MALLOC_SLOWPATH), self.malloc_slowpath)
-        return rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, fptr)
-
     def initialize(self):
         self.gcrootmap.initialize()
 
     def init_size_descr(self, S, descr):
-        type_id = self.layoutbuilder.get_type_id(S)
-        assert not self.layoutbuilder.is_weakref_type(S)
-        assert not self.layoutbuilder.has_finalizer(S)
-        descr.tid = llop.combine_ushort(lltype.Signed, type_id, 0)
+        if self.layoutbuilder is not None:
+            type_id = self.layoutbuilder.get_type_id(S)
+            assert not self.layoutbuilder.is_weakref_type(S)
+            assert not self.layoutbuilder.has_finalizer(S)
+            descr.tid = llop.combine_ushort(lltype.Signed, type_id, 0)
 
     def init_array_descr(self, A, descr):
-        type_id = self.layoutbuilder.get_type_id(A)
-        descr.tid = llop.combine_ushort(lltype.Signed, type_id, 0)
+        if self.layoutbuilder is not None:
+            type_id = self.layoutbuilder.get_type_id(A)
+            descr.tid = llop.combine_ushort(lltype.Signed, type_id, 0)
 
-    def gc_malloc(self, sizedescr):
-        assert isinstance(sizedescr, BaseSizeDescr)
-        return self.malloc_basic(sizedescr.size, sizedescr.tid)
-
-    def gc_malloc_array(self, arraydescr, num_elem):
-        assert isinstance(arraydescr, BaseArrayDescr)
-        itemsize = arraydescr.get_item_size(self.translate_support_code)
-        return self.malloc_array(itemsize, arraydescr.tid, num_elem)
-
-    def gc_malloc_str(self, num_elem):
-        return self.malloc_str(num_elem)
-
-    def gc_malloc_unicode(self, num_elem):
-        return self.malloc_unicode(num_elem)
-
-    def args_for_new(self, sizedescr):
-        assert isinstance(sizedescr, BaseSizeDescr)
-        return [sizedescr.size, sizedescr.tid]
-
-    def args_for_new_array(self, arraydescr):
-        assert isinstance(arraydescr, BaseArrayDescr)
-        itemsize = arraydescr.get_item_size(self.translate_support_code)
-        return [itemsize, arraydescr.tid]
-
-    def get_funcptr_for_new(self):
-        return llhelper(self.GC_MALLOC_BASIC, self.malloc_basic)
+    def _set_tid(self, gcptr, tid):
+        hdr_addr = llmemory.cast_ptr_to_adr(gcptr)
+        hdr_addr -= self.gcheaderbuilder.size_gc_header
+        hdr = llmemory.cast_adr_to_ptr(hdr_addr, self.HDRPTR)
+        hdr.tid = tid
 
     def do_write_barrier(self, gcref_struct, gcref_newptr):
         hdr_addr = llmemory.cast_ptr_to_adr(gcref_struct)
@@ -793,108 +848,8 @@
             funcptr(llmemory.cast_ptr_to_adr(gcref_struct),
                     llmemory.cast_ptr_to_adr(gcref_newptr))
 
-    def rewrite_assembler(self, cpu, operations, gcrefs_output_list):
-        # Perform two kinds of rewrites in parallel:
-        #
-        # - Add COND_CALLs to the write barrier before SETFIELD_GC and
-        #   SETARRAYITEM_GC operations.
-        #
-        # - Record the ConstPtrs from the assembler.
-        #
-        newops = []
-        known_lengths = {}
-        # we can only remember one malloc since the next malloc can possibly
-        # collect
-        last_malloc = None
-        for op in operations:
-            if op.getopnum() == rop.DEBUG_MERGE_POINT:
-                continue
-            # ---------- record the ConstPtrs ----------
-            self.record_constptrs(op, gcrefs_output_list)
-            if op.is_malloc():
-                last_malloc = op.result
-            elif op.can_malloc():
-                last_malloc = None
-            # ---------- write barrier for SETFIELD_GC ----------
-            if op.getopnum() == rop.SETFIELD_GC:
-                val = op.getarg(0)
-                # no need for a write barrier in the case of previous malloc
-                if val is not last_malloc:
-                    v = op.getarg(1)
-                    if isinstance(v, BoxPtr) or (isinstance(v, ConstPtr) and
-                                            bool(v.value)): # store a non-NULL
-                        self._gen_write_barrier(newops, op.getarg(0), v)
-                        op = op.copy_and_change(rop.SETFIELD_RAW)
-            # ---------- write barrier for SETINTERIORFIELD_GC ------
-            if op.getopnum() == rop.SETINTERIORFIELD_GC:
-                val = op.getarg(0)
-                if val is not last_malloc:
-                    v = op.getarg(2)
-                    if isinstance(v, BoxPtr) or (isinstance(v, ConstPtr) and
-                                            bool(v.value)): # store a non-NULL
-                        self._gen_write_barrier(newops, op.getarg(0), v)
-                        op = op.copy_and_change(rop.SETINTERIORFIELD_RAW)
-            # ---------- write barrier for SETARRAYITEM_GC ----------
-            if op.getopnum() == rop.SETARRAYITEM_GC:
-                val = op.getarg(0)
-                # no need for a write barrier in the case of previous malloc
-                if val is not last_malloc:
-                    v = op.getarg(2)
-                    if isinstance(v, BoxPtr) or (isinstance(v, ConstPtr) and
-                                            bool(v.value)): # store a non-NULL
-                        self._gen_write_barrier_array(newops, op.getarg(0),
-                                                      op.getarg(1), v,
-                                                      cpu, known_lengths)
-                        op = op.copy_and_change(rop.SETARRAYITEM_RAW)
-            elif op.getopnum() == rop.NEW_ARRAY:
-                v_length = op.getarg(0)
-                if isinstance(v_length, ConstInt):
-                    known_lengths[op.result] = v_length.getint()
-            # ----------
-            newops.append(op)
-        return newops
-
-    def _gen_write_barrier(self, newops, v_base, v_value):
-        args = [v_base, v_value]
-        newops.append(ResOperation(rop.COND_CALL_GC_WB, args, None,
-                                   descr=self.write_barrier_descr))
-
-    def _gen_write_barrier_array(self, newops, v_base, v_index, v_value,
-                                 cpu, known_lengths):
-        if self.write_barrier_descr.get_write_barrier_from_array_fn(cpu) != 0:
-            # If we know statically the length of 'v', and it is not too
-            # big, then produce a regular write_barrier.  If it's unknown or
-            # too big, produce instead a write_barrier_from_array.
-            LARGE = 130
-            length = known_lengths.get(v_base, LARGE)
-            if length >= LARGE:
-                # unknown or too big: produce a write_barrier_from_array
-                args = [v_base, v_index, v_value]
-                newops.append(ResOperation(rop.COND_CALL_GC_WB_ARRAY, args,
-                                           None,
-                                           descr=self.write_barrier_descr))
-                return
-        # fall-back case: produce a write_barrier
-        self._gen_write_barrier(newops, v_base, v_value)
-
-    def can_inline_malloc(self, descr):
-        assert isinstance(descr, BaseSizeDescr)
-        if descr.size < self.max_size_of_young_obj:
-            has_finalizer = bool(descr.tid & (1<<llgroup.HALFSHIFT))
-            if has_finalizer:
-                return False
-            return True
-        return False
-
-    def can_inline_malloc_varsize(self, arraydescr, num_elem):
-        assert isinstance(arraydescr, BaseArrayDescr)
-        basesize = arraydescr.get_base_size(self.translate_support_code)
-        itemsize = arraydescr.get_item_size(self.translate_support_code)
-        try:
-            size = ovfcheck(basesize + ovfcheck(itemsize * num_elem))
-            return size < self.max_size_of_young_obj
-        except OverflowError:
-            return False
+    def can_use_nursery_malloc(self, size):
+        return size < self.max_size_of_young_obj
 
     def has_write_barrier_class(self):
         return WriteBarrierDescr
@@ -902,6 +857,9 @@
     def freeing_block(self, start, stop):
         self.gcrootmap.freeing_block(start, stop)
 
+    def get_malloc_slowpath_addr(self):
+        return self.get_malloc_fn_addr('malloc_nursery')
+
 # ____________________________________________________________
 
 def get_ll_description(gcdescr, translator=None, rtyper=None):
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/llmodel.py b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/llmodel.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/llmodel.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/llmodel.py
@@ -8,11 +8,10 @@
 from pypy.jit.backend.model import AbstractCPU
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport import symbolic
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.symbolic import WORD, unroll_basic_sizes
-from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import (get_size_descr,
-     get_field_descr, BaseFieldDescr, DynamicFieldDescr, get_array_descr,
-     BaseArrayDescr, DynamicArrayNoLengthDescr, get_call_descr,
-     BaseIntCallDescr, GcPtrCallDescr, FloatCallDescr, VoidCallDescr,
-     InteriorFieldDescr, get_interiorfield_descr)
+from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import (
+    get_size_descr, get_field_descr, get_array_descr,
+    get_call_descr, get_interiorfield_descr, get_dynamic_interiorfield_descr,
+    FieldDescr, ArrayDescr, CallDescr, InteriorFieldDescr)
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.asmmemmgr import AsmMemoryManager
 
 
@@ -107,9 +106,15 @@
             _exception_emulator[1] = 0
             self.saved_exc_value = rffi.cast(llmemory.GCREF, v_i)
 
+        def save_exception_memoryerr():
+            save_exception()
+            if not self.saved_exc_value:
+                self.saved_exc_value = "memoryerror!"    # for tests
+
         self.pos_exception = pos_exception
         self.pos_exc_value = pos_exc_value
         self.save_exception = save_exception
+        self.save_exception_memoryerr = save_exception_memoryerr
         self.insert_stack_check = lambda: (0, 0, 0)
 
 
@@ -134,6 +139,15 @@
             # in the assignment to self.saved_exc_value, as needed.
             self.saved_exc_value = exc_value
 
+        def save_exception_memoryerr():
+            from pypy.rpython.annlowlevel import cast_instance_to_base_ptr
+            save_exception()
+            if not self.saved_exc_value:
+                exc = MemoryError()
+                exc = cast_instance_to_base_ptr(exc)
+                exc = lltype.cast_opaque_ptr(llmemory.GCREF, exc)
+                self.saved_exc_value = exc
+
         from pypy.rlib import rstack
         STACK_CHECK_SLOWPATH = lltype.Ptr(lltype.FuncType([lltype.Signed],
                                                           lltype.Void))
@@ -147,16 +161,19 @@
         self.pos_exception = pos_exception
         self.pos_exc_value = pos_exc_value
         self.save_exception = save_exception
+        self.save_exception_memoryerr = save_exception_memoryerr
         self.insert_stack_check = insert_stack_check
 
     def _setup_on_leave_jitted_untranslated(self):
         # assume we don't need a backend leave in this case
         self.on_leave_jitted_save_exc = self.save_exception
+        self.on_leave_jitted_memoryerr = self.save_exception_memoryerr
         self.on_leave_jitted_noexc = lambda : None
 
     def _setup_on_leave_jitted_translated(self):
         on_leave_jitted_hook = self.get_on_leave_jitted_hook()
         save_exception = self.save_exception
+        save_exception_memoryerr = self.save_exception_memoryerr
 
         def on_leave_jitted_noexc():
             on_leave_jitted_hook()
@@ -165,8 +182,13 @@
             save_exception()
             on_leave_jitted_hook()
 
+        def on_leave_jitted_memoryerr():
+            save_exception_memoryerr()
+            on_leave_jitted_hook()
+
         self.on_leave_jitted_noexc = on_leave_jitted_noexc
         self.on_leave_jitted_save_exc = on_leave_jitted_save_exc
+        self.on_leave_jitted_memoryerr = on_leave_jitted_memoryerr
 
     def get_on_leave_jitted_hook(self):
         # this function needs to be overridden for things to work with
@@ -175,8 +197,11 @@
 
     _ON_JIT_LEAVE_FUNC = lltype.Ptr(lltype.FuncType([], lltype.Void))
 
-    def get_on_leave_jitted_int(self, save_exception):
-        if save_exception:
+    def get_on_leave_jitted_int(self, save_exception,
+                                default_to_memoryerror=False):
+        if default_to_memoryerror:
+            f = llhelper(self._ON_JIT_LEAVE_FUNC, self.on_leave_jitted_memoryerr)
+        elif save_exception:
             f = llhelper(self._ON_JIT_LEAVE_FUNC, self.on_leave_jitted_save_exc)
         else:
             f = llhelper(self._ON_JIT_LEAVE_FUNC, self.on_leave_jitted_noexc)
@@ -223,14 +248,14 @@
         return get_field_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, STRUCT, fieldname)
 
     def unpack_fielddescr(self, fielddescr):
-        assert isinstance(fielddescr, BaseFieldDescr)
+        assert isinstance(fielddescr, FieldDescr)
         return fielddescr.offset
     unpack_fielddescr._always_inline_ = True
 
     def unpack_fielddescr_size(self, fielddescr):
-        assert isinstance(fielddescr, BaseFieldDescr)
+        assert isinstance(fielddescr, FieldDescr)
         ofs = fielddescr.offset
-        size = fielddescr.get_field_size(self.translate_support_code)
+        size = fielddescr.field_size
         sign = fielddescr.is_field_signed()
         return ofs, size, sign
     unpack_fielddescr_size._always_inline_ = True
@@ -239,23 +264,23 @@
         return get_array_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, A)
 
     def interiorfielddescrof(self, A, fieldname):
-        return get_interiorfield_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, A, A.OF, fieldname)
+        return get_interiorfield_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, A, fieldname)
 
     def interiorfielddescrof_dynamic(self, offset, width, fieldsize,
-        is_pointer, is_float, is_signed):
-        arraydescr = DynamicArrayNoLengthDescr(width)
-        fielddescr = DynamicFieldDescr(offset, fieldsize, is_pointer, is_float, is_signed)
-        return InteriorFieldDescr(arraydescr, fielddescr)
+                                     is_pointer, is_float, is_signed):
+        return get_dynamic_interiorfield_descr(self.gc_ll_descr,
+                                               offset, width, fieldsize,
+                                               is_pointer, is_float, is_signed)
 
     def unpack_arraydescr(self, arraydescr):
-        assert isinstance(arraydescr, BaseArrayDescr)
-        return arraydescr.get_base_size(self.translate_support_code)
+        assert isinstance(arraydescr, ArrayDescr)
+        return arraydescr.basesize
     unpack_arraydescr._always_inline_ = True
 
     def unpack_arraydescr_size(self, arraydescr):
-        assert isinstance(arraydescr, BaseArrayDescr)
-        ofs = arraydescr.get_base_size(self.translate_support_code)
-        size = arraydescr.get_item_size(self.translate_support_code)
+        assert isinstance(arraydescr, ArrayDescr)
+        ofs = arraydescr.basesize
+        size = arraydescr.itemsize
         sign = arraydescr.is_item_signed()
         return ofs, size, sign
     unpack_arraydescr_size._always_inline_ = True
@@ -283,8 +308,8 @@
     # ____________________________________________________________
 
     def bh_arraylen_gc(self, arraydescr, array):
-        assert isinstance(arraydescr, BaseArrayDescr)
-        ofs = arraydescr.get_ofs_length(self.translate_support_code)
+        assert isinstance(arraydescr, ArrayDescr)
+        ofs = arraydescr.lendescr.offset
         return rffi.cast(rffi.CArrayPtr(lltype.Signed), array)[ofs/WORD]
 
     @specialize.argtype(2)
@@ -369,7 +394,7 @@
         arraydescr = descr.arraydescr
         ofs, size, _ = self.unpack_arraydescr_size(arraydescr)
         ofs += descr.fielddescr.offset
-        fieldsize = descr.fielddescr.get_field_size(self.translate_support_code)
+        fieldsize = descr.fielddescr.field_size
         sign = descr.fielddescr.is_field_signed()
         fullofs = itemindex * size + ofs
         # --- start of GC unsafe code (no GC operation!) ---
@@ -420,7 +445,7 @@
         arraydescr = descr.arraydescr
         ofs, size, _ = self.unpack_arraydescr_size(arraydescr)
         ofs += descr.fielddescr.offset
-        fieldsize = descr.fielddescr.get_field_size(self.translate_support_code)
+        fieldsize = descr.fielddescr.field_size
         ofs = itemindex * size + ofs
         # --- start of GC unsafe code (no GC operation!) ---
         items = rffi.ptradd(rffi.cast(rffi.CCHARP, gcref), ofs)
@@ -606,25 +631,26 @@
         rstr.copy_unicode_contents(src, dst, srcstart, dststart, length)
 
     def bh_call_i(self, func, calldescr, args_i, args_r, args_f):
-        assert isinstance(calldescr, BaseIntCallDescr)
+        assert isinstance(calldescr, CallDescr)
         if not we_are_translated():
             calldescr.verify_types(args_i, args_r, args_f, history.INT + 'S')
-        return calldescr.call_stub(func, args_i, args_r, args_f)
+        return calldescr.call_stub_i(func, args_i, args_r, args_f)
 
     def bh_call_r(self, func, calldescr, args_i, args_r, args_f):
-        assert isinstance(calldescr, GcPtrCallDescr)
+        assert isinstance(calldescr, CallDescr)
         if not we_are_translated():
             calldescr.verify_types(args_i, args_r, args_f, history.REF)
-        return calldescr.call_stub(func, args_i, args_r, args_f)
+        return calldescr.call_stub_r(func, args_i, args_r, args_f)
 
     def bh_call_f(self, func, calldescr, args_i, args_r, args_f):
-        assert isinstance(calldescr, FloatCallDescr)  # or LongLongCallDescr
+        assert isinstance(calldescr, CallDescr)
         if not we_are_translated():
             calldescr.verify_types(args_i, args_r, args_f, history.FLOAT + 'L')
-        return calldescr.call_stub(func, args_i, args_r, args_f)
+        return calldescr.call_stub_f(func, args_i, args_r, args_f)
 
     def bh_call_v(self, func, calldescr, args_i, args_r, args_f):
-        assert isinstance(calldescr, VoidCallDescr)
+        assert isinstance(calldescr, CallDescr)
         if not we_are_translated():
             calldescr.verify_types(args_i, args_r, args_f, history.VOID)
-        return calldescr.call_stub(func, args_i, args_r, args_f)
+        # the 'i' return value is ignored (and nonsense anyway)
+        calldescr.call_stub_i(func, args_i, args_r, args_f)
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/regalloc.py b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/regalloc.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/regalloc.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/regalloc.py
@@ -70,6 +70,8 @@
         self.bindings[box] = loc
         #
         index = self.get_loc_index(loc)
+        if index < 0:
+            return
         endindex = index + self.frame_size(box.type)
         while len(self.used) < endindex:
             self.used.append(False)
@@ -92,6 +94,8 @@
         #
         size = self.frame_size(box.type)
         baseindex = self.get_loc_index(loc)
+        if baseindex < 0:
+            return
         for i in range(size):
             index = baseindex + i
             assert 0 <= index < len(self.used)
@@ -99,7 +103,8 @@
 
     def try_to_reuse_location(self, box, loc):
         index = self.get_loc_index(loc)
-        assert index >= 0
+        if index < 0:
+            return False
         size = self.frame_size(box.type)
         for i in range(size):
             while (index + i) >= len(self.used):
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/rewrite.py b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/rewrite.py
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/rewrite.py
@@ -0,0 +1,328 @@
+import sys
+from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import ovfcheck
+from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import ConstInt, BoxPtr, ConstPtr
+from pypy.jit.metainterp.resoperation import ResOperation, rop
+from pypy.jit.codewriter import heaptracker
+from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.symbolic import WORD
+from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import SizeDescr, ArrayDescr
+
+
+class GcRewriterAssembler(object):
+    # This class performs the following rewrites on the list of operations:
+    #
+    # - Remove the DEBUG_MERGE_POINTs.
+    #
+    # - Turn all NEW_xxx to either a CALL_MALLOC_GC, or a CALL_MALLOC_NURSERY
+    #   followed by SETFIELDs in order to initialize their GC fields.  The
+    #   two advantages of CALL_MALLOC_NURSERY is that it inlines the common
+    #   path, and we need only one such operation to allocate several blocks
+    #   of memory at once.
+    #
+    # - Add COND_CALLs to the write barrier before SETFIELD_GC and
+    #   SETARRAYITEM_GC operations.
+
+    _previous_size = -1
+    _op_malloc_nursery = None
+    _v_last_malloced_nursery = None
+    c_zero = ConstInt(0)
+
+    def __init__(self, gc_ll_descr, cpu):
+        self.gc_ll_descr = gc_ll_descr
+        self.cpu = cpu
+        self.newops = []
+        self.known_lengths = {}
+        self.recent_mallocs = {}     # set of variables
+
+    def rewrite(self, operations):
+        # we can only remember one malloc since the next malloc can possibly
+        # collect; but we can try to collapse several known-size mallocs into
+        # one, both for performance and to reduce the number of write
+        # barriers.  We do this on each "basic block" of operations, which in
+        # this case means between CALLs or unknown-size mallocs.
+        #
+        for op in operations:
+            if op.getopnum() == rop.DEBUG_MERGE_POINT:
+                continue
+            # ---------- turn NEWxxx into CALL_MALLOC_xxx ----------
+            if op.is_malloc():
+                self.handle_malloc_operation(op)
+                continue
+            elif op.can_malloc():
+                self.emitting_an_operation_that_can_collect()
+            elif op.getopnum() == rop.LABEL:
+                self.emitting_an_operation_that_can_collect()
+                self.known_lengths.clear()
+            # ---------- write barriers ----------
+            if self.gc_ll_descr.write_barrier_descr is not None:
+                if op.getopnum() == rop.SETFIELD_GC:
+                    self.handle_write_barrier_setfield(op)
+                    continue
+                if op.getopnum() == rop.SETINTERIORFIELD_GC:
+                    self.handle_write_barrier_setinteriorfield(op)
+                    continue
+                if op.getopnum() == rop.SETARRAYITEM_GC:
+                    self.handle_write_barrier_setarrayitem(op)
+                    continue
+            # ----------
+            self.newops.append(op)
+        return self.newops
+
+    # ----------
+
+    def handle_malloc_operation(self, op):
+        opnum = op.getopnum()
+        if opnum == rop.NEW:
+            self.handle_new_fixedsize(op.getdescr(), op)
+        elif opnum == rop.NEW_WITH_VTABLE:
+            classint = op.getarg(0).getint()
+            descr = heaptracker.vtable2descr(self.cpu, classint)
+            self.handle_new_fixedsize(descr, op)
+            if self.gc_ll_descr.fielddescr_vtable is not None:
+                op = ResOperation(rop.SETFIELD_GC,
+                                  [op.result, ConstInt(classint)], None,
+                                  descr=self.gc_ll_descr.fielddescr_vtable)
+                self.newops.append(op)
+        elif opnum == rop.NEW_ARRAY:
+            descr = op.getdescr()
+            assert isinstance(descr, ArrayDescr)
+            self.handle_new_array(descr, op)
+        elif opnum == rop.NEWSTR:
+            self.handle_new_array(self.gc_ll_descr.str_descr, op)
+        elif opnum == rop.NEWUNICODE:
+            self.handle_new_array(self.gc_ll_descr.unicode_descr, op)
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError(op.getopname())
+
+    def handle_new_fixedsize(self, descr, op):
+        assert isinstance(descr, SizeDescr)
+        size = descr.size
+        self.gen_malloc_nursery(size, op.result)
+        self.gen_initialize_tid(op.result, descr.tid)
+
+    def handle_new_array(self, arraydescr, op):
+        v_length = op.getarg(0)
+        total_size = -1
+        if isinstance(v_length, ConstInt):
+            num_elem = v_length.getint()
+            self.known_lengths[op.result] = num_elem
+            try:
+                var_size = ovfcheck(arraydescr.itemsize * num_elem)
+                total_size = ovfcheck(arraydescr.basesize + var_size)
+            except OverflowError:
+                pass    # total_size is still -1
+        elif arraydescr.itemsize == 0:
+            total_size = arraydescr.basesize
+        if 0 <= total_size <= 0xffffff:     # up to 16MB, arbitrarily
+            self.gen_malloc_nursery(total_size, op.result)
+            self.gen_initialize_tid(op.result, arraydescr.tid)
+            self.gen_initialize_len(op.result, v_length, arraydescr.lendescr)
+        elif self.gc_ll_descr.kind == 'boehm':
+            self.gen_boehm_malloc_array(arraydescr, v_length, op.result)
+        else:
+            opnum = op.getopnum()
+            if opnum == rop.NEW_ARRAY:
+                self.gen_malloc_array(arraydescr, v_length, op.result)
+            elif opnum == rop.NEWSTR:
+                self.gen_malloc_str(v_length, op.result)
+            elif opnum == rop.NEWUNICODE:
+                self.gen_malloc_unicode(v_length, op.result)
+            else:
+                raise NotImplementedError(op.getopname())
+
+    # ----------
+
+    def emitting_an_operation_that_can_collect(self):
+        # must be called whenever we emit an operation that can collect:
+        # forgets the previous MALLOC_NURSERY, if any; and empty the
+        # set 'recent_mallocs', so that future SETFIELDs will generate
+        # a write barrier as usual.
+        self._op_malloc_nursery = None
+        self.recent_mallocs.clear()
+
+    def _gen_call_malloc_gc(self, args, v_result, descr):
+        """Generate a CALL_MALLOC_GC with the given args."""
+        self.emitting_an_operation_that_can_collect()
+        op = ResOperation(rop.CALL_MALLOC_GC, args, v_result, descr)
+        self.newops.append(op)
+        # mark 'v_result' as freshly malloced
+        self.recent_mallocs[v_result] = None
+
+    def gen_malloc_fixedsize(self, size, v_result):
+        """Generate a CALL_MALLOC_GC(malloc_fixedsize_fn, Const(size)).
+        Note that with the framework GC, this should be called very rarely.
+        """
+        addr = self.gc_ll_descr.get_malloc_fn_addr('malloc_fixedsize')
+        self._gen_call_malloc_gc([ConstInt(addr), ConstInt(size)], v_result,
+                                 self.gc_ll_descr.malloc_fixedsize_descr)
+
+    def gen_boehm_malloc_array(self, arraydescr, v_num_elem, v_result):
+        """Generate a CALL_MALLOC_GC(malloc_array_fn, ...) for Boehm."""
+        addr = self.gc_ll_descr.get_malloc_fn_addr('malloc_array')
+        self._gen_call_malloc_gc([ConstInt(addr),
+                                  ConstInt(arraydescr.basesize),
+                                  v_num_elem,
+                                  ConstInt(arraydescr.itemsize),
+                                  ConstInt(arraydescr.lendescr.offset)],
+                                 v_result,
+                                 self.gc_ll_descr.malloc_array_descr)
+
+    def gen_malloc_array(self, arraydescr, v_num_elem, v_result):
+        """Generate a CALL_MALLOC_GC(malloc_array_fn, ...) going either
+        to the standard or the nonstandard version of the function."""
+        #
+        if (arraydescr.basesize == self.gc_ll_descr.standard_array_basesize
+            and arraydescr.lendescr.offset ==
+                self.gc_ll_descr.standard_array_length_ofs):
+            # this is a standard-looking array, common case
+            addr = self.gc_ll_descr.get_malloc_fn_addr('malloc_array')
+            args = [ConstInt(addr),
+                    ConstInt(arraydescr.itemsize),
+                    ConstInt(arraydescr.tid),
+                    v_num_elem]
+            calldescr = self.gc_ll_descr.malloc_array_descr
+        else:
+            # rare case, so don't care too much about the number of arguments
+            addr = self.gc_ll_descr.get_malloc_fn_addr(
+                                              'malloc_array_nonstandard')
+            args = [ConstInt(addr),
+                    ConstInt(arraydescr.basesize),
+                    ConstInt(arraydescr.itemsize),
+                    ConstInt(arraydescr.lendescr.offset),
+                    ConstInt(arraydescr.tid),
+                    v_num_elem]
+            calldescr = self.gc_ll_descr.malloc_array_nonstandard_descr
+        self._gen_call_malloc_gc(args, v_result, calldescr)
+
+    def gen_malloc_str(self, v_num_elem, v_result):
+        """Generate a CALL_MALLOC_GC(malloc_str_fn, ...)."""
+        addr = self.gc_ll_descr.get_malloc_fn_addr('malloc_str')
+        self._gen_call_malloc_gc([ConstInt(addr), v_num_elem], v_result,
+                                 self.gc_ll_descr.malloc_str_descr)
+
+    def gen_malloc_unicode(self, v_num_elem, v_result):
+        """Generate a CALL_MALLOC_GC(malloc_unicode_fn, ...)."""
+        addr = self.gc_ll_descr.get_malloc_fn_addr('malloc_unicode')
+        self._gen_call_malloc_gc([ConstInt(addr), v_num_elem], v_result,
+                                 self.gc_ll_descr.malloc_unicode_descr)
+
+    def gen_malloc_nursery(self, size, v_result):
+        """Try to generate or update a CALL_MALLOC_NURSERY.
+        If that fails, generate a plain CALL_MALLOC_GC instead.
+        """
+        size = self.round_up_for_allocation(size)
+        if not self.gc_ll_descr.can_use_nursery_malloc(size):
+            self.gen_malloc_fixedsize(size, v_result)
+            return
+        #
+        op = None
+        if self._op_malloc_nursery is not None:
+            # already a MALLOC_NURSERY: increment its total size
+            total_size = self._op_malloc_nursery.getarg(0).getint()
+            total_size += size
+            if self.gc_ll_descr.can_use_nursery_malloc(total_size):
+                # if the total size is still reasonable, merge it
+                self._op_malloc_nursery.setarg(0, ConstInt(total_size))
+                op = ResOperation(rop.INT_ADD,
+                                  [self._v_last_malloced_nursery,
+                                   ConstInt(self._previous_size)],
+                                  v_result)
+        if op is None:
+            # if we failed to merge with a previous MALLOC_NURSERY, emit one
+            self.emitting_an_operation_that_can_collect()
+            op = ResOperation(rop.CALL_MALLOC_NURSERY,
+                              [ConstInt(size)],
+                              v_result)
+            self._op_malloc_nursery = op
+        #
+        self.newops.append(op)
+        self._previous_size = size
+        self._v_last_malloced_nursery = v_result
+        self.recent_mallocs[v_result] = None
+
+    def gen_initialize_tid(self, v_newgcobj, tid):
+        if self.gc_ll_descr.fielddescr_tid is not None:
+            # produce a SETFIELD to initialize the GC header
+            op = ResOperation(rop.SETFIELD_GC,
+                              [v_newgcobj, ConstInt(tid)], None,
+                              descr=self.gc_ll_descr.fielddescr_tid)
+            self.newops.append(op)
+
+    def gen_initialize_len(self, v_newgcobj, v_length, arraylen_descr):
+        # produce a SETFIELD to initialize the array length
+        op = ResOperation(rop.SETFIELD_GC,
+                          [v_newgcobj, v_length], None,
+                          descr=arraylen_descr)
+        self.newops.append(op)
+
+    # ----------
+
+    def handle_write_barrier_setfield(self, op):
+        val = op.getarg(0)
+        # no need for a write barrier in the case of previous malloc
+        if val not in self.recent_mallocs:
+            v = op.getarg(1)
+            if isinstance(v, BoxPtr) or (isinstance(v, ConstPtr) and
+                                         bool(v.value)): # store a non-NULL
+                self.gen_write_barrier(op.getarg(0), v)
+                op = op.copy_and_change(rop.SETFIELD_RAW)
+        self.newops.append(op)
+
+    def handle_write_barrier_setinteriorfield(self, op):
+        val = op.getarg(0)
+        # no need for a write barrier in the case of previous malloc
+        if val not in self.recent_mallocs:
+            v = op.getarg(2)
+            if isinstance(v, BoxPtr) or (isinstance(v, ConstPtr) and
+                                         bool(v.value)): # store a non-NULL
+                self.gen_write_barrier(op.getarg(0), v)
+                op = op.copy_and_change(rop.SETINTERIORFIELD_RAW)
+        self.newops.append(op)
+
+    def handle_write_barrier_setarrayitem(self, op):
+        val = op.getarg(0)
+        # no need for a write barrier in the case of previous malloc
+        if val not in self.recent_mallocs:
+            v = op.getarg(2)
+            if isinstance(v, BoxPtr) or (isinstance(v, ConstPtr) and
+                                         bool(v.value)): # store a non-NULL
+                self.gen_write_barrier_array(op.getarg(0),
+                                             op.getarg(1), v)
+                op = op.copy_and_change(rop.SETARRAYITEM_RAW)
+        self.newops.append(op)
+
+    def gen_write_barrier(self, v_base, v_value):
+        write_barrier_descr = self.gc_ll_descr.write_barrier_descr
+        args = [v_base, v_value]
+        self.newops.append(ResOperation(rop.COND_CALL_GC_WB, args, None,
+                                        descr=write_barrier_descr))
+
+    def gen_write_barrier_array(self, v_base, v_index, v_value):
+        write_barrier_descr = self.gc_ll_descr.write_barrier_descr
+        if write_barrier_descr.has_write_barrier_from_array(self.cpu):
+            # If we know statically the length of 'v', and it is not too
+            # big, then produce a regular write_barrier.  If it's unknown or
+            # too big, produce instead a write_barrier_from_array.
+            LARGE = 130
+            length = self.known_lengths.get(v_base, LARGE)
+            if length >= LARGE:
+                # unknown or too big: produce a write_barrier_from_array
+                args = [v_base, v_index, v_value]
+                self.newops.append(
+                    ResOperation(rop.COND_CALL_GC_WB_ARRAY, args, None,
+                                 descr=write_barrier_descr))
+                return
+        # fall-back case: produce a write_barrier
+        self.gen_write_barrier(v_base, v_value)
+
+    def round_up_for_allocation(self, size):
+        if not self.gc_ll_descr.round_up:
+            return size
+        if self.gc_ll_descr.translate_support_code:
+            from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import llarena
+            return llarena.round_up_for_allocation(
+                size, self.gc_ll_descr.minimal_size_in_nursery)
+        else:
+            # non-translated: do it manually
+            # assume that "self.gc_ll_descr.minimal_size_in_nursery" is 2 WORDs
+            size = max(size, 2 * WORD)
+            return (size + WORD-1) & ~(WORD-1)     # round up
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_descr.py b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_descr.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_descr.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_descr.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, rffi
+from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, rffi, rstr
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import *
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport import symbolic
 from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import Symbolic
@@ -53,18 +53,6 @@
                              ('z', lltype.Ptr(U)),
                              ('f', lltype.Float),
                              ('s', lltype.SingleFloat))
-    assert getFieldDescrClass(lltype.Ptr(T)) is GcPtrFieldDescr
-    assert getFieldDescrClass(lltype.Ptr(U)) is NonGcPtrFieldDescr
-    cls = getFieldDescrClass(lltype.Char)
-    assert cls != getFieldDescrClass(lltype.Signed)
-    assert cls == getFieldDescrClass(lltype.Char)
-    clsf = getFieldDescrClass(lltype.Float)
-    assert clsf != cls
-    assert clsf == getFieldDescrClass(lltype.Float)
-    clss = getFieldDescrClass(lltype.SingleFloat)
-    assert clss not in (cls, clsf)
-    assert clss == getFieldDescrClass(lltype.SingleFloat)
-    assert clss == getFieldDescrClass(rffi.UINT)    # for now
     #
     c0 = GcCache(False)
     c1 = GcCache(True)
@@ -77,11 +65,7 @@
         descr_z = get_field_descr(c2, S, 'z')
         descr_f = get_field_descr(c2, S, 'f')
         descr_s = get_field_descr(c2, S, 's')
-        assert descr_x.__class__ is cls
-        assert descr_y.__class__ is GcPtrFieldDescr
-        assert descr_z.__class__ is NonGcPtrFieldDescr
-        assert descr_f.__class__ is clsf
-        assert descr_s.__class__ is clss
+        assert isinstance(descr_x, FieldDescr)
         assert descr_x.name == 'S.x'
         assert descr_y.name == 'S.y'
         assert descr_z.name == 'S.z'
@@ -90,33 +74,27 @@
         if not tsc:
             assert descr_x.offset < descr_y.offset < descr_z.offset
             assert descr_x.sort_key() < descr_y.sort_key() < descr_z.sort_key()
-            assert descr_x.get_field_size(False) == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Char)
-            assert descr_y.get_field_size(False) == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Ptr(T))
-            assert descr_z.get_field_size(False) == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Ptr(U))
-            assert descr_f.get_field_size(False) == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Float)
-            assert descr_s.get_field_size(False) == rffi.sizeof(
-                                                            lltype.SingleFloat)
+            assert descr_x.field_size == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Char)
+            assert descr_y.field_size == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Ptr(T))
+            assert descr_z.field_size == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Ptr(U))
+            assert descr_f.field_size == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Float)
+            assert descr_s.field_size == rffi.sizeof(lltype.SingleFloat)
         else:
             assert isinstance(descr_x.offset, Symbolic)
             assert isinstance(descr_y.offset, Symbolic)
             assert isinstance(descr_z.offset, Symbolic)
             assert isinstance(descr_f.offset, Symbolic)
             assert isinstance(descr_s.offset, Symbolic)
-            assert isinstance(descr_x.get_field_size(True), Symbolic)
-            assert isinstance(descr_y.get_field_size(True), Symbolic)
-            assert isinstance(descr_z.get_field_size(True), Symbolic)
-            assert isinstance(descr_f.get_field_size(True), Symbolic)
-            assert isinstance(descr_s.get_field_size(True), Symbolic)
-        assert not descr_x.is_pointer_field()
-        assert     descr_y.is_pointer_field()
-        assert not descr_z.is_pointer_field()
-        assert not descr_f.is_pointer_field()
-        assert not descr_s.is_pointer_field()
-        assert not descr_x.is_float_field()
-        assert not descr_y.is_float_field()
-        assert not descr_z.is_float_field()
-        assert     descr_f.is_float_field()
-        assert not descr_s.is_float_field()
+            assert isinstance(descr_x.field_size, Symbolic)
+            assert isinstance(descr_y.field_size, Symbolic)
+            assert isinstance(descr_z.field_size, Symbolic)
+            assert isinstance(descr_f.field_size, Symbolic)
+            assert isinstance(descr_s.field_size, Symbolic)
+        assert descr_x.flag == FLAG_UNSIGNED
+        assert descr_y.flag == FLAG_POINTER
+        assert descr_z.flag == FLAG_UNSIGNED
+        assert descr_f.flag == FLAG_FLOAT
+        assert descr_s.flag == FLAG_UNSIGNED
 
 
 def test_get_field_descr_sign():
@@ -128,7 +106,8 @@
         for tsc in [False, True]:
             c2 = GcCache(tsc)
             descr_x = get_field_descr(c2, S, 'x')
-            assert descr_x.is_field_signed() == signed
+            assert descr_x.flag == {False: FLAG_UNSIGNED,
+                                    True:  FLAG_SIGNED  }[signed]
 
 def test_get_field_descr_longlong():
     if sys.maxint > 2147483647:
@@ -136,9 +115,8 @@
     c0 = GcCache(False)
     S = lltype.GcStruct('S', ('y', lltype.UnsignedLongLong))
     descr = get_field_descr(c0, S, 'y')
-    assert not descr.is_pointer_field()
-    assert descr.is_float_field()
-    assert descr.get_field_size(False) == 8
+    assert descr.flag == FLAG_FLOAT
+    assert descr.field_size == 8
 
 
 def test_get_array_descr():
@@ -149,19 +127,8 @@
     A3 = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Ptr(U))
     A4 = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Float)
     A5 = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Struct('x', ('v', lltype.Signed),
-                                      ('k', lltype.Signed)))
+                                           ('k', lltype.Signed)))
     A6 = lltype.GcArray(lltype.SingleFloat)
-    assert getArrayDescrClass(A2) is GcPtrArrayDescr
-    assert getArrayDescrClass(A3) is NonGcPtrArrayDescr
-    cls = getArrayDescrClass(A1)
-    assert cls != getArrayDescrClass(lltype.GcArray(lltype.Signed))
-    assert cls == getArrayDescrClass(lltype.GcArray(lltype.Char))
-    clsf = getArrayDescrClass(A4)
-    assert clsf != cls
-    assert clsf == getArrayDescrClass(lltype.GcArray(lltype.Float))
-    clss = getArrayDescrClass(A6)
-    assert clss not in (clsf, cls)
-    assert clss == getArrayDescrClass(lltype.GcArray(rffi.UINT))
     #
     c0 = GcCache(False)
     descr1 = get_array_descr(c0, A1)
@@ -170,82 +137,61 @@
     descr4 = get_array_descr(c0, A4)
     descr5 = get_array_descr(c0, A5)
     descr6 = get_array_descr(c0, A6)
-    assert descr1.__class__ is cls
-    assert descr2.__class__ is GcPtrArrayDescr
-    assert descr3.__class__ is NonGcPtrArrayDescr
-    assert descr4.__class__ is clsf
-    assert descr6.__class__ is clss
+    assert isinstance(descr1, ArrayDescr)
     assert descr1 == get_array_descr(c0, lltype.GcArray(lltype.Char))
-    assert not descr1.is_array_of_pointers()
-    assert     descr2.is_array_of_pointers()
-    assert not descr3.is_array_of_pointers()
-    assert not descr4.is_array_of_pointers()
-    assert not descr5.is_array_of_pointers()
-    assert not descr1.is_array_of_floats()
-    assert not descr2.is_array_of_floats()
-    assert not descr3.is_array_of_floats()
-    assert     descr4.is_array_of_floats()
-    assert not descr5.is_array_of_floats()
+    assert descr1.flag == FLAG_UNSIGNED
+    assert descr2.flag == FLAG_POINTER
+    assert descr3.flag == FLAG_UNSIGNED
+    assert descr4.flag == FLAG_FLOAT
+    assert descr5.flag == FLAG_STRUCT
+    assert descr6.flag == FLAG_UNSIGNED
     #
     def get_alignment(code):
         # Retrieve default alignment for the compiler/platform
         return struct.calcsize('l' + code) - struct.calcsize(code)
-    assert descr1.get_base_size(False) == get_alignment('c')
-    assert descr2.get_base_size(False) == get_alignment('p')
-    assert descr3.get_base_size(False) == get_alignment('p')
-    assert descr4.get_base_size(False) == get_alignment('d')
-    assert descr5.get_base_size(False) == get_alignment('f')
-    assert descr1.get_ofs_length(False) == 0
-    assert descr2.get_ofs_length(False) == 0
-    assert descr3.get_ofs_length(False) == 0
-    assert descr4.get_ofs_length(False) == 0
-    assert descr5.get_ofs_length(False) == 0
-    assert descr1.get_item_size(False) == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Char)
-    assert descr2.get_item_size(False) == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Ptr(T))
-    assert descr3.get_item_size(False) == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Ptr(U))
-    assert descr4.get_item_size(False) == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Float)
-    assert descr5.get_item_size(False) == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Signed) * 2
-    assert descr6.get_item_size(False) == rffi.sizeof(lltype.SingleFloat)
+    assert descr1.basesize == get_alignment('c')
+    assert descr2.basesize == get_alignment('p')
+    assert descr3.basesize == get_alignment('p')
+    assert descr4.basesize == get_alignment('d')
+    assert descr5.basesize == get_alignment('f')
+    assert descr1.lendescr.offset == 0
+    assert descr2.lendescr.offset == 0
+    assert descr3.lendescr.offset == 0
+    assert descr4.lendescr.offset == 0
+    assert descr5.lendescr.offset == 0
+    assert descr1.itemsize == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Char)
+    assert descr2.itemsize == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Ptr(T))
+    assert descr3.itemsize == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Ptr(U))
+    assert descr4.itemsize == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Float)
+    assert descr5.itemsize == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Signed) * 2
+    assert descr6.itemsize == rffi.sizeof(lltype.SingleFloat)
     #
-    assert isinstance(descr1.get_base_size(True), Symbolic)
-    assert isinstance(descr2.get_base_size(True), Symbolic)
-    assert isinstance(descr3.get_base_size(True), Symbolic)
-    assert isinstance(descr4.get_base_size(True), Symbolic)
-    assert isinstance(descr5.get_base_size(True), Symbolic)
-    assert isinstance(descr1.get_ofs_length(True), Symbolic)
-    assert isinstance(descr2.get_ofs_length(True), Symbolic)
-    assert isinstance(descr3.get_ofs_length(True), Symbolic)
-    assert isinstance(descr4.get_ofs_length(True), Symbolic)
-    assert isinstance(descr5.get_ofs_length(True), Symbolic)
-    assert isinstance(descr1.get_item_size(True), Symbolic)
-    assert isinstance(descr2.get_item_size(True), Symbolic)
-    assert isinstance(descr3.get_item_size(True), Symbolic)
-    assert isinstance(descr4.get_item_size(True), Symbolic)
-    assert isinstance(descr5.get_item_size(True), Symbolic)
     CA = rffi.CArray(lltype.Signed)
     descr = get_array_descr(c0, CA)
-    assert not descr.is_array_of_floats()
-    assert descr.get_base_size(False) == 0
-    assert descr.get_ofs_length(False) == -1
+    assert descr.flag == FLAG_SIGNED
+    assert descr.basesize == 0
+    assert descr.lendescr is None
     CA = rffi.CArray(lltype.Ptr(lltype.GcStruct('S')))
     descr = get_array_descr(c0, CA)
-    assert descr.is_array_of_pointers()
-    assert descr.get_base_size(False) == 0
-    assert descr.get_ofs_length(False) == -1
+    assert descr.flag == FLAG_POINTER
+    assert descr.basesize == 0
+    assert descr.lendescr is None
     CA = rffi.CArray(lltype.Ptr(lltype.Struct('S')))
     descr = get_array_descr(c0, CA)
-    assert descr.get_base_size(False) == 0
-    assert descr.get_ofs_length(False) == -1
+    assert descr.flag == FLAG_UNSIGNED
+    assert descr.basesize == 0
+    assert descr.lendescr is None
     CA = rffi.CArray(lltype.Float)
     descr = get_array_descr(c0, CA)
-    assert descr.is_array_of_floats()
-    assert descr.get_base_size(False) == 0
-    assert descr.get_ofs_length(False) == -1
+    assert descr.flag == FLAG_FLOAT
+    assert descr.basesize == 0
+    assert descr.lendescr is None
     CA = rffi.CArray(rffi.FLOAT)
     descr = get_array_descr(c0, CA)
-    assert not descr.is_array_of_floats()
-    assert descr.get_base_size(False) == 0
-    assert descr.get_ofs_length(False) == -1
+    assert descr.flag == FLAG_UNSIGNED
+    assert descr.basesize == 0
+    assert descr.itemsize == rffi.sizeof(lltype.SingleFloat)
+    assert descr.lendescr is None
 
 
 def test_get_array_descr_sign():
@@ -257,46 +203,55 @@
         for tsc in [False, True]:
             c2 = GcCache(tsc)
             arraydescr = get_array_descr(c2, A)
-            assert arraydescr.is_item_signed() == signed
+            assert arraydescr.flag == {False: FLAG_UNSIGNED,
+                                       True:  FLAG_SIGNED  }[signed]
         #
         RA = rffi.CArray(RESTYPE)
         for tsc in [False, True]:
             c2 = GcCache(tsc)
             arraydescr = get_array_descr(c2, RA)
-            assert arraydescr.is_item_signed() == signed
+            assert arraydescr.flag == {False: FLAG_UNSIGNED,
+                                       True:  FLAG_SIGNED  }[signed]
+
+
+def test_get_array_descr_str():
+    c0 = GcCache(False)
+    descr1 = get_array_descr(c0, rstr.STR)
+    assert descr1.itemsize == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Char)
+    assert descr1.flag == FLAG_UNSIGNED
 
 
 def test_get_call_descr_not_translated():
     c0 = GcCache(False)
     descr1 = get_call_descr(c0, [lltype.Char, lltype.Signed], lltype.Char)
-    assert descr1.get_result_size(False) == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Char)
-    assert descr1.get_return_type() == history.INT
+    assert descr1.get_result_size() == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Char)
+    assert descr1.get_result_type() == history.INT
     assert descr1.arg_classes == "ii"
     #
     T = lltype.GcStruct('T')
     descr2 = get_call_descr(c0, [lltype.Ptr(T)], lltype.Ptr(T))
-    assert descr2.get_result_size(False) == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Ptr(T))
-    assert descr2.get_return_type() == history.REF
+    assert descr2.get_result_size() == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Ptr(T))
+    assert descr2.get_result_type() == history.REF
     assert descr2.arg_classes == "r"
     #
     U = lltype.GcStruct('U', ('x', lltype.Signed))
     assert descr2 == get_call_descr(c0, [lltype.Ptr(U)], lltype.Ptr(U))
     #
     V = lltype.Struct('V', ('x', lltype.Signed))
-    assert (get_call_descr(c0, [], lltype.Ptr(V)).get_return_type() ==
+    assert (get_call_descr(c0, [], lltype.Ptr(V)).get_result_type() ==
             history.INT)
     #
-    assert (get_call_descr(c0, [], lltype.Void).get_return_type() ==
+    assert (get_call_descr(c0, [], lltype.Void).get_result_type() ==
             history.VOID)
     #
     descr4 = get_call_descr(c0, [lltype.Float, lltype.Float], lltype.Float)
-    assert descr4.get_result_size(False) == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Float)
-    assert descr4.get_return_type() == history.FLOAT
+    assert descr4.get_result_size() == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Float)
+    assert descr4.get_result_type() == history.FLOAT
     assert descr4.arg_classes == "ff"
     #
     descr5 = get_call_descr(c0, [lltype.SingleFloat], lltype.SingleFloat)
-    assert descr5.get_result_size(False) == rffi.sizeof(lltype.SingleFloat)
-    assert descr5.get_return_type() == "S"
+    assert descr5.get_result_size() == rffi.sizeof(lltype.SingleFloat)
+    assert descr5.get_result_type() == "S"
     assert descr5.arg_classes == "S"
 
 def test_get_call_descr_not_translated_longlong():
@@ -305,13 +260,13 @@
     c0 = GcCache(False)
     #
     descr5 = get_call_descr(c0, [lltype.SignedLongLong], lltype.Signed)
-    assert descr5.get_result_size(False) == 4
-    assert descr5.get_return_type() == history.INT
+    assert descr5.get_result_size() == 4
+    assert descr5.get_result_type() == history.INT
     assert descr5.arg_classes == "L"
     #
     descr6 = get_call_descr(c0, [lltype.Signed], lltype.SignedLongLong)
-    assert descr6.get_result_size(False) == 8
-    assert descr6.get_return_type() == "L"
+    assert descr6.get_result_size() == 8
+    assert descr6.get_result_type() == "L"
     assert descr6.arg_classes == "i"
 
 def test_get_call_descr_translated():
@@ -319,18 +274,18 @@
     T = lltype.GcStruct('T')
     U = lltype.GcStruct('U', ('x', lltype.Signed))
     descr3 = get_call_descr(c1, [lltype.Ptr(T)], lltype.Ptr(U))
-    assert isinstance(descr3.get_result_size(True), Symbolic)
-    assert descr3.get_return_type() == history.REF
+    assert isinstance(descr3.get_result_size(), Symbolic)
+    assert descr3.get_result_type() == history.REF
     assert descr3.arg_classes == "r"
     #
     descr4 = get_call_descr(c1, [lltype.Float, lltype.Float], lltype.Float)
-    assert isinstance(descr4.get_result_size(True), Symbolic)
-    assert descr4.get_return_type() == history.FLOAT
+    assert isinstance(descr4.get_result_size(), Symbolic)
+    assert descr4.get_result_type() == history.FLOAT
     assert descr4.arg_classes == "ff"
     #
     descr5 = get_call_descr(c1, [lltype.SingleFloat], lltype.SingleFloat)
-    assert isinstance(descr5.get_result_size(True), Symbolic)
-    assert descr5.get_return_type() == "S"
+    assert isinstance(descr5.get_result_size(), Symbolic)
+    assert descr5.get_result_type() == "S"
     assert descr5.arg_classes == "S"
 
 def test_call_descr_extra_info():
@@ -358,6 +313,10 @@
 
 
 def test_repr_of_descr():
+    def repr_of_descr(descr):
+        s = descr.repr_of_descr()
+        assert ',' not in s  # makes the life easier for pypy.tool.jitlogparser
+        return s
     c0 = GcCache(False)
     T = lltype.GcStruct('T')
     S = lltype.GcStruct('S', ('x', lltype.Char),
@@ -365,33 +324,34 @@
                              ('z', lltype.Ptr(T)))
     descr1 = get_size_descr(c0, S)
     s = symbolic.get_size(S, False)
-    assert descr1.repr_of_descr() == '<SizeDescr %d>' % s
+    assert repr_of_descr(descr1) == '<SizeDescr %d>' % s
     #
     descr2 = get_field_descr(c0, S, 'y')
     o, _ = symbolic.get_field_token(S, 'y', False)
-    assert descr2.repr_of_descr() == '<GcPtrFieldDescr S.y %d>' % o
+    assert repr_of_descr(descr2) == '<FieldP S.y %d>' % o
     #
     descr2i = get_field_descr(c0, S, 'x')
     o, _ = symbolic.get_field_token(S, 'x', False)
-    assert descr2i.repr_of_descr() == '<CharFieldDescr S.x %d>' % o
+    assert repr_of_descr(descr2i) == '<FieldU S.x %d>' % o
     #
     descr3 = get_array_descr(c0, lltype.GcArray(lltype.Ptr(S)))
-    assert descr3.repr_of_descr() == '<GcPtrArrayDescr>'
+    o = symbolic.get_size(lltype.Ptr(S), False)
+    assert repr_of_descr(descr3) == '<ArrayP %d>' % o
     #
     descr3i = get_array_descr(c0, lltype.GcArray(lltype.Char))
-    assert descr3i.repr_of_descr() == '<CharArrayDescr>'
+    assert repr_of_descr(descr3i) == '<ArrayU 1>'
     #
     descr4 = get_call_descr(c0, [lltype.Char, lltype.Ptr(S)], lltype.Ptr(S))
-    assert 'GcPtrCallDescr' in descr4.repr_of_descr()
+    assert repr_of_descr(descr4) == '<Callr %d ir>' % o
     #
     descr4i = get_call_descr(c0, [lltype.Char, lltype.Ptr(S)], lltype.Char)
-    assert 'CharCallDescr' in descr4i.repr_of_descr()
+    assert repr_of_descr(descr4i) == '<Calli 1 ir>'
     #
     descr4f = get_call_descr(c0, [lltype.Char, lltype.Ptr(S)], lltype.Float)
-    assert 'FloatCallDescr' in descr4f.repr_of_descr()
+    assert repr_of_descr(descr4f) == '<Callf 8 ir>'
     #
     descr5f = get_call_descr(c0, [lltype.Char], lltype.SingleFloat)
-    assert 'SingleFloatCallDescr' in descr5f.repr_of_descr()
+    assert repr_of_descr(descr5f) == '<CallS 4 i>'
 
 def test_call_stubs_1():
     c0 = GcCache(False)
@@ -401,10 +361,10 @@
     def f(a, b):
         return 'c'
 
-    call_stub = descr1.call_stub
     fnptr = llhelper(lltype.Ptr(lltype.FuncType(ARGS, RES)), f)
 
-    res = call_stub(rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, fnptr), [1, 2], None, None)
+    res = descr1.call_stub_i(rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, fnptr),
+                             [1, 2], None, None)
     assert res == ord('c')
 
 def test_call_stubs_2():
@@ -421,8 +381,8 @@
     a = lltype.malloc(ARRAY, 3)
     opaquea = lltype.cast_opaque_ptr(llmemory.GCREF, a)
     a[0] = 1
-    res = descr2.call_stub(rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, fnptr),
-                           [], [opaquea], [longlong.getfloatstorage(3.5)])
+    res = descr2.call_stub_f(rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, fnptr),
+                             [], [opaquea], [longlong.getfloatstorage(3.5)])
     assert longlong.getrealfloat(res) == 4.5
 
 def test_call_stubs_single_float():
@@ -445,6 +405,22 @@
     a = intmask(singlefloat2uint(r_singlefloat(-10.0)))
     b = intmask(singlefloat2uint(r_singlefloat(3.0)))
     c = intmask(singlefloat2uint(r_singlefloat(2.0)))
-    res = descr2.call_stub(rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, fnptr),
-                           [a, b, c], [], [])
+    res = descr2.call_stub_i(rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, fnptr),
+                             [a, b, c], [], [])
     assert float(uint2singlefloat(rffi.r_uint(res))) == -11.5
+
+def test_field_arraylen_descr():
+    c0 = GcCache(True)
+    A1 = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Signed)
+    fielddescr = get_field_arraylen_descr(c0, A1)
+    assert isinstance(fielddescr, FieldDescr)
+    ofs = fielddescr.offset
+    assert repr(ofs) == '< ArrayLengthOffset <GcArray of Signed > >'
+    #
+    fielddescr = get_field_arraylen_descr(c0, rstr.STR)
+    ofs = fielddescr.offset
+    assert repr(ofs) == ("< <FieldOffset <GcStruct rpy_string { hash, chars }>"
+                         " 'chars'> + < ArrayLengthOffset"
+                         " <Array of Char > > >")
+    # caching:
+    assert fielddescr is get_field_arraylen_descr(c0, rstr.STR)
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_ffisupport.py b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_ffisupport.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_ffisupport.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_ffisupport.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from pypy.rlib.libffi import types
 from pypy.jit.codewriter.longlong import is_64_bit
+from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import *
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.ffisupport import *
 
 
@@ -15,7 +16,9 @@
     args = [types.sint, types.pointer]
     descr = get_call_descr_dynamic(FakeCPU(), args, types.sint, None,
                                    ffi_flags=42)
-    assert isinstance(descr, DynamicIntCallDescr)
+    assert isinstance(descr, CallDescr)
+    assert descr.result_type == 'i'
+    assert descr.result_flag == FLAG_SIGNED
     assert descr.arg_classes == 'ii'
     assert descr.get_ffi_flags() == 42
 
@@ -24,18 +27,20 @@
     assert descr is None    # missing floats
     descr = get_call_descr_dynamic(FakeCPU(supports_floats=True),
                                    args, types.void, None, ffi_flags=43)
-    assert isinstance(descr, VoidCallDescr)
+    assert descr.result_type == 'v'
+    assert descr.result_flag == FLAG_VOID
     assert descr.arg_classes == 'ifi'
     assert descr.get_ffi_flags() == 43
 
     descr = get_call_descr_dynamic(FakeCPU(), [], types.sint8, None, 42)
-    assert isinstance(descr, DynamicIntCallDescr)
-    assert descr.get_result_size(False) == 1
+    assert descr.get_result_size() == 1
+    assert descr.result_flag == FLAG_SIGNED
     assert descr.is_result_signed() == True
 
     descr = get_call_descr_dynamic(FakeCPU(), [], types.uint8, None, 42)
-    assert isinstance(descr, DynamicIntCallDescr)
-    assert descr.get_result_size(False) == 1
+    assert isinstance(descr, CallDescr)
+    assert descr.get_result_size() == 1
+    assert descr.result_flag == FLAG_UNSIGNED
     assert descr.is_result_signed() == False
 
     if not is_64_bit:
@@ -44,7 +49,9 @@
         assert descr is None   # missing longlongs
         descr = get_call_descr_dynamic(FakeCPU(supports_longlong=True),
                                        [], types.slonglong, None, ffi_flags=43)
-        assert isinstance(descr, LongLongCallDescr)
+        assert isinstance(descr, CallDescr)
+        assert descr.result_flag == FLAG_FLOAT
+        assert descr.result_type == 'L'
         assert descr.get_ffi_flags() == 43
     else:
         assert types.slonglong is types.slong
@@ -53,6 +60,6 @@
     assert descr is None   # missing singlefloats
     descr = get_call_descr_dynamic(FakeCPU(supports_singlefloats=True),
                                    [], types.float, None, ffi_flags=44)
-    SingleFloatCallDescr = getCallDescrClass(rffi.FLOAT)
-    assert isinstance(descr, SingleFloatCallDescr)
+    assert descr.result_flag == FLAG_UNSIGNED
+    assert descr.result_type == 'S'
     assert descr.get_ffi_flags() == 44
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_gc.py b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_gc.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_gc.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_gc.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.gc import *
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport import symbolic
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.gc import get_description
+from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import BoxPtr, BoxInt, ConstPtr
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.resoperation import get_deep_immutable_oplist
 from pypy.jit.tool.oparser import parse
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem.rclass import OBJECT, OBJECT_VTABLE
@@ -15,12 +16,12 @@
     gc_ll_descr = GcLLDescr_boehm(None, None, None)
     #
     record = []
-    prev_funcptr_for_new = gc_ll_descr.funcptr_for_new
-    def my_funcptr_for_new(size):
-        p = prev_funcptr_for_new(size)
+    prev_malloc_fn_ptr = gc_ll_descr.malloc_fn_ptr
+    def my_malloc_fn_ptr(size):
+        p = prev_malloc_fn_ptr(size)
         record.append((size, p))
         return p
-    gc_ll_descr.funcptr_for_new = my_funcptr_for_new
+    gc_ll_descr.malloc_fn_ptr = my_malloc_fn_ptr
     #
     # ---------- gc_malloc ----------
     S = lltype.GcStruct('S', ('x', lltype.Signed))
@@ -32,8 +33,8 @@
     A = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Signed)
     arraydescr = get_array_descr(gc_ll_descr, A)
     p = gc_ll_descr.gc_malloc_array(arraydescr, 10)
-    assert record == [(arraydescr.get_base_size(False) +
-                       10 * arraydescr.get_item_size(False), p)]
+    assert record == [(arraydescr.basesize +
+                       10 * arraydescr.itemsize, p)]
     del record[:]
     # ---------- gc_malloc_str ----------
     p = gc_ll_descr.gc_malloc_str(10)
@@ -246,24 +247,28 @@
     def __init__(self):
         self.record = []
 
+    def _malloc(self, type_id, size):
+        tid = llop.combine_ushort(lltype.Signed, type_id, 0)
+        x = llmemory.raw_malloc(self.gcheaderbuilder.size_gc_header + size)
+        x += self.gcheaderbuilder.size_gc_header
+        return x, tid
+
     def do_malloc_fixedsize_clear(self, RESTYPE, type_id, size,
                                   has_finalizer, has_light_finalizer,
                                   contains_weakptr):
         assert not contains_weakptr
-        assert not has_finalizer           # in these tests
-        assert not has_light_finalizer     # in these tests
-        p = llmemory.raw_malloc(size)
+        assert not has_finalizer
+        assert not has_light_finalizer
+        p, tid = self._malloc(type_id, size)
         p = llmemory.cast_adr_to_ptr(p, RESTYPE)
-        tid = llop.combine_ushort(lltype.Signed, type_id, 0)
         self.record.append(("fixedsize", repr(size), tid, p))
         return p
 
     def do_malloc_varsize_clear(self, RESTYPE, type_id, length, size,
                                 itemsize, offset_to_length):
-        p = llmemory.raw_malloc(size + itemsize * length)
+        p, tid = self._malloc(type_id, size + itemsize * length)
         (p + offset_to_length).signed[0] = length
         p = llmemory.cast_adr_to_ptr(p, RESTYPE)
-        tid = llop.combine_ushort(lltype.Signed, type_id, 0)
         self.record.append(("varsize", tid, length,
                             repr(size), repr(itemsize),
                             repr(offset_to_length), p))
@@ -322,43 +327,40 @@
         gc_ll_descr = GcLLDescr_framework(gcdescr, FakeTranslator(), None,
                                           llop1)
         gc_ll_descr.initialize()
+        llop1.gcheaderbuilder = gc_ll_descr.gcheaderbuilder
         self.llop1 = llop1
         self.gc_ll_descr = gc_ll_descr
         self.fake_cpu = FakeCPU()
 
-    def test_args_for_new(self):
-        S = lltype.GcStruct('S', ('x', lltype.Signed))
-        sizedescr = get_size_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, S)
-        args = self.gc_ll_descr.args_for_new(sizedescr)
-        for x in args:
-            assert lltype.typeOf(x) == lltype.Signed
-        A = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Signed)
-        arraydescr = get_array_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, A)
-        args = self.gc_ll_descr.args_for_new(sizedescr)
-        for x in args:
-            assert lltype.typeOf(x) == lltype.Signed
+##    def test_args_for_new(self):
+##        S = lltype.GcStruct('S', ('x', lltype.Signed))
+##        sizedescr = get_size_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, S)
+##        args = self.gc_ll_descr.args_for_new(sizedescr)
+##        for x in args:
+##            assert lltype.typeOf(x) == lltype.Signed
+##        A = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Signed)
+##        arraydescr = get_array_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, A)
+##        args = self.gc_ll_descr.args_for_new(sizedescr)
+##        for x in args:
+##            assert lltype.typeOf(x) == lltype.Signed
 
     def test_gc_malloc(self):
         S = lltype.GcStruct('S', ('x', lltype.Signed))
         sizedescr = get_size_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, S)
         p = self.gc_ll_descr.gc_malloc(sizedescr)
-        assert self.llop1.record == [("fixedsize",
-                                      repr(sizedescr.size),
+        assert lltype.typeOf(p) == llmemory.GCREF
+        assert self.llop1.record == [("fixedsize", repr(sizedescr.size),
                                       sizedescr.tid, p)]
-        assert repr(self.gc_ll_descr.args_for_new(sizedescr)) == repr(
-            [sizedescr.size, sizedescr.tid])
 
     def test_gc_malloc_array(self):
         A = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Signed)
         arraydescr = get_array_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, A)
         p = self.gc_ll_descr.gc_malloc_array(arraydescr, 10)
         assert self.llop1.record == [("varsize", arraydescr.tid, 10,
-                                      repr(arraydescr.get_base_size(True)),
-                                      repr(arraydescr.get_item_size(True)),
-                                      repr(arraydescr.get_ofs_length(True)),
+                                      repr(arraydescr.basesize),
+                                      repr(arraydescr.itemsize),
+                                      repr(arraydescr.lendescr.offset),
                                       p)]
-        assert repr(self.gc_ll_descr.args_for_new_array(arraydescr)) == repr(
-            [arraydescr.get_item_size(True), arraydescr.tid])
 
     def test_gc_malloc_str(self):
         p = self.gc_ll_descr.gc_malloc_str(10)
@@ -404,10 +406,11 @@
         gc_ll_descr = self.gc_ll_descr
         llop1 = self.llop1
         #
-        newops = []
+        rewriter = GcRewriterAssembler(gc_ll_descr, None)
+        newops = rewriter.newops
         v_base = BoxPtr()
         v_value = BoxPtr()
-        gc_ll_descr._gen_write_barrier(newops, v_base, v_value)
+        rewriter.gen_write_barrier(v_base, v_value)
         assert llop1.record == []
         assert len(newops) == 1
         assert newops[0].getopnum() == rop.COND_CALL_GC_WB
@@ -427,8 +430,7 @@
         operations = gc_ll_descr.rewrite_assembler(None, operations, [])
         assert len(operations) == 0
 
-    def test_rewrite_assembler_1(self):
-        # check recording of ConstPtrs
+    def test_record_constptrs(self):
         class MyFakeCPU(object):
             def cast_adr_to_int(self, adr):
                 assert adr == "some fake address"
@@ -455,211 +457,6 @@
         assert operations2 == operations
         assert gcrefs == [s_gcref]
 
-    def test_rewrite_assembler_2(self):
-        # check write barriers before SETFIELD_GC
-        v_base = BoxPtr()
-        v_value = BoxPtr()
-        field_descr = AbstractDescr()
-        operations = [
-            ResOperation(rop.SETFIELD_GC, [v_base, v_value], None,
-                         descr=field_descr),
-            ]
-        gc_ll_descr = self.gc_ll_descr
-        operations = get_deep_immutable_oplist(operations)
-        operations = gc_ll_descr.rewrite_assembler(self.fake_cpu, operations,
-                                                   [])
-        assert len(operations) == 2
-        #
-        assert operations[0].getopnum() == rop.COND_CALL_GC_WB
-        assert operations[0].getarg(0) == v_base
-        assert operations[0].getarg(1) == v_value
-        assert operations[0].result is None
-        #
-        assert operations[1].getopnum() == rop.SETFIELD_RAW
-        assert operations[1].getarg(0) == v_base
-        assert operations[1].getarg(1) == v_value
-        assert operations[1].getdescr() == field_descr
-
-    def test_rewrite_assembler_3(self):
-        # check write barriers before SETARRAYITEM_GC
-        for v_new_length in (None, ConstInt(5), ConstInt(5000), BoxInt()):
-            v_base = BoxPtr()
-            v_index = BoxInt()
-            v_value = BoxPtr()
-            array_descr = AbstractDescr()
-            operations = [
-                ResOperation(rop.SETARRAYITEM_GC, [v_base, v_index, v_value],
-                             None, descr=array_descr),
-                ]
-            if v_new_length is not None:
-                operations.insert(0, ResOperation(rop.NEW_ARRAY,
-                                                  [v_new_length], v_base,
-                                                  descr=array_descr))
-                # we need to insert another, unrelated NEW_ARRAY here
-                # to prevent the initialization_store optimization
-                operations.insert(1, ResOperation(rop.NEW_ARRAY,
-                                                  [ConstInt(12)], BoxPtr(),
-                                                  descr=array_descr))
-            gc_ll_descr = self.gc_ll_descr
-            operations = get_deep_immutable_oplist(operations)
-            operations = gc_ll_descr.rewrite_assembler(self.fake_cpu,
-                                                       operations, [])
-            if v_new_length is not None:
-                assert operations[0].getopnum() == rop.NEW_ARRAY
-                assert operations[1].getopnum() == rop.NEW_ARRAY
-                del operations[:2]
-            assert len(operations) == 2
-            #
-            assert operations[0].getopnum() == rop.COND_CALL_GC_WB
-            assert operations[0].getarg(0) == v_base
-            assert operations[0].getarg(1) == v_value
-            assert operations[0].result is None
-            #
-            assert operations[1].getopnum() == rop.SETARRAYITEM_RAW
-            assert operations[1].getarg(0) == v_base
-            assert operations[1].getarg(1) == v_index
-            assert operations[1].getarg(2) == v_value
-            assert operations[1].getdescr() == array_descr
-
-    def test_rewrite_assembler_4(self):
-        # check write barriers before SETARRAYITEM_GC,
-        # if we have actually a write_barrier_from_array.
-        self.llop1._have_wb_from_array = True
-        for v_new_length in (None, ConstInt(5), ConstInt(5000), BoxInt()):
-            v_base = BoxPtr()
-            v_index = BoxInt()
-            v_value = BoxPtr()
-            array_descr = AbstractDescr()
-            operations = [
-                ResOperation(rop.SETARRAYITEM_GC, [v_base, v_index, v_value],
-                             None, descr=array_descr),
-                ]
-            if v_new_length is not None:
-                operations.insert(0, ResOperation(rop.NEW_ARRAY,
-                                                  [v_new_length], v_base,
-                                                  descr=array_descr))
-                # we need to insert another, unrelated NEW_ARRAY here
-                # to prevent the initialization_store optimization
-                operations.insert(1, ResOperation(rop.NEW_ARRAY,
-                                                  [ConstInt(12)], BoxPtr(),
-                                                  descr=array_descr))
-            gc_ll_descr = self.gc_ll_descr
-            operations = get_deep_immutable_oplist(operations)
-            operations = gc_ll_descr.rewrite_assembler(self.fake_cpu,
-                                                       operations, [])
-            if v_new_length is not None:
-                assert operations[0].getopnum() == rop.NEW_ARRAY
-                assert operations[1].getopnum() == rop.NEW_ARRAY
-                del operations[:2]
-            assert len(operations) == 2
-            #
-            if isinstance(v_new_length, ConstInt) and v_new_length.value < 130:
-                assert operations[0].getopnum() == rop.COND_CALL_GC_WB
-                assert operations[0].getarg(0) == v_base
-                assert operations[0].getarg(1) == v_value
-            else:
-                assert operations[0].getopnum() == rop.COND_CALL_GC_WB_ARRAY
-                assert operations[0].getarg(0) == v_base
-                assert operations[0].getarg(1) == v_index
-                assert operations[0].getarg(2) == v_value
-            assert operations[0].result is None
-            #
-            assert operations[1].getopnum() == rop.SETARRAYITEM_RAW
-            assert operations[1].getarg(0) == v_base
-            assert operations[1].getarg(1) == v_index
-            assert operations[1].getarg(2) == v_value
-            assert operations[1].getdescr() == array_descr
-
-    def test_rewrite_assembler_5(self):
-        S = lltype.GcStruct('S')
-        A = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Struct('A', ('x', lltype.Ptr(S))))
-        interiordescr = get_interiorfield_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, A,
-                                                A.OF, 'x')
-        wbdescr = self.gc_ll_descr.write_barrier_descr
-        ops = parse("""
-        [p1, p2]
-        setinteriorfield_gc(p1, 0, p2, descr=interiordescr)
-        jump(p1, p2)
-        """, namespace=locals())
-        expected = parse(""" 
-        [p1, p2]
-        cond_call_gc_wb(p1, p2, descr=wbdescr)
-        setinteriorfield_raw(p1, 0, p2, descr=interiordescr)
-        jump(p1, p2)
-        """, namespace=locals())
-        operations = get_deep_immutable_oplist(ops.operations)
-        operations = self.gc_ll_descr.rewrite_assembler(self.fake_cpu,
-                                                        operations, [])
-        equaloplists(operations, expected.operations)
-
-    def test_rewrite_assembler_initialization_store(self):
-        S = lltype.GcStruct('S', ('parent', OBJECT),
-                            ('x', lltype.Signed))
-        s_vtable = lltype.malloc(OBJECT_VTABLE, immortal=True)
-        xdescr = get_field_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, S, 'x')
-        ops = parse("""
-        [p1]
-        p0 = new_with_vtable(ConstClass(s_vtable))
-        setfield_gc(p0, p1, descr=xdescr)
-        jump()
-        """, namespace=locals())
-        expected = parse("""
-        [p1]
-        p0 = new_with_vtable(ConstClass(s_vtable))
-        # no write barrier
-        setfield_gc(p0, p1, descr=xdescr)
-        jump()
-        """, namespace=locals())
-        operations = get_deep_immutable_oplist(ops.operations)
-        operations = self.gc_ll_descr.rewrite_assembler(self.fake_cpu,
-                                                        operations, [])
-        equaloplists(operations, expected.operations)
-
-    def test_rewrite_assembler_initialization_store_2(self):
-        S = lltype.GcStruct('S', ('parent', OBJECT),
-                            ('x', lltype.Signed))
-        s_vtable = lltype.malloc(OBJECT_VTABLE, immortal=True)
-        wbdescr = self.gc_ll_descr.write_barrier_descr
-        xdescr = get_field_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, S, 'x')
-        ops = parse("""
-        [p1]
-        p0 = new_with_vtable(ConstClass(s_vtable))
-        p3 = new_with_vtable(ConstClass(s_vtable))
-        setfield_gc(p0, p1, descr=xdescr)
-        jump()
-        """, namespace=locals())
-        expected = parse("""
-        [p1]
-        p0 = new_with_vtable(ConstClass(s_vtable))
-        p3 = new_with_vtable(ConstClass(s_vtable))
-        cond_call_gc_wb(p0, p1, descr=wbdescr)
-        setfield_raw(p0, p1, descr=xdescr)
-        jump()
-        """, namespace=locals())
-        operations = get_deep_immutable_oplist(ops.operations)
-        operations = self.gc_ll_descr.rewrite_assembler(self.fake_cpu,
-                                                        operations, [])
-        equaloplists(operations, expected.operations)
-
-    def test_rewrite_assembler_initialization_store_3(self):
-        A = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Ptr(lltype.GcStruct('S')))
-        arraydescr = get_array_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, A)
-        ops = parse("""
-        [p1]
-        p0 = new_array(3, descr=arraydescr)
-        setarrayitem_gc(p0, 0, p1, descr=arraydescr)
-        jump()
-        """, namespace=locals())
-        expected = parse("""
-        [p1]
-        p0 = new_array(3, descr=arraydescr)
-        setarrayitem_gc(p0, 0, p1, descr=arraydescr)
-        jump()
-        """, namespace=locals())
-        operations = get_deep_immutable_oplist(ops.operations)
-        operations = self.gc_ll_descr.rewrite_assembler(self.fake_cpu,
-                                                        operations, [])
-        equaloplists(operations, expected.operations)
 
 class TestFrameworkMiniMark(TestFramework):
     gc = 'minimark'
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_rewrite.py b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_rewrite.py
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_rewrite.py
@@ -0,0 +1,668 @@
+from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import *
+from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.gc import *
+from pypy.jit.metainterp.gc import get_description
+from pypy.jit.tool.oparser import parse
+from pypy.jit.metainterp.optimizeopt.util import equaloplists
+from pypy.jit.codewriter.heaptracker import register_known_gctype
+
+
+class Evaluator(object):
+    def __init__(self, scope):
+        self.scope = scope
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        return eval(key, self.scope)
+
+
+class RewriteTests(object):
+    def check_rewrite(self, frm_operations, to_operations, **namespace):
+        S = lltype.GcStruct('S', ('x', lltype.Signed),
+                                 ('y', lltype.Signed))
+        sdescr = get_size_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, S)
+        sdescr.tid = 1234
+        #
+        T = lltype.GcStruct('T', ('y', lltype.Signed),
+                                 ('z', lltype.Ptr(S)),
+                                 ('t', lltype.Signed))
+        tdescr = get_size_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, T)
+        tdescr.tid = 5678
+        tzdescr = get_field_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, T, 'z')
+        #
+        A = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Signed)
+        adescr = get_array_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, A)
+        adescr.tid = 4321
+        alendescr = adescr.lendescr
+        #
+        B = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Char)
+        bdescr = get_array_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, B)
+        bdescr.tid = 8765
+        blendescr = bdescr.lendescr
+        #
+        C = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Ptr(S))
+        cdescr = get_array_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, C)
+        cdescr.tid = 8111
+        clendescr = cdescr.lendescr
+        #
+        E = lltype.GcStruct('Empty')
+        edescr = get_size_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, E)
+        edescr.tid = 9000
+        #
+        vtable_descr = self.gc_ll_descr.fielddescr_vtable
+        O = lltype.GcStruct('O', ('parent', rclass.OBJECT),
+                                 ('x', lltype.Signed))
+        o_vtable = lltype.malloc(rclass.OBJECT_VTABLE, immortal=True)
+        register_known_gctype(self.cpu, o_vtable, O)
+        #
+        tiddescr = self.gc_ll_descr.fielddescr_tid
+        wbdescr = self.gc_ll_descr.write_barrier_descr
+        WORD = globals()['WORD']
+        #
+        strdescr     = self.gc_ll_descr.str_descr
+        unicodedescr = self.gc_ll_descr.unicode_descr
+        strlendescr     = strdescr.lendescr
+        unicodelendescr = unicodedescr.lendescr
+        #
+        namespace.update(locals())
+        #
+        for funcname in self.gc_ll_descr._generated_functions:
+            namespace[funcname] = self.gc_ll_descr.get_malloc_fn(funcname)
+            namespace[funcname + '_descr'] = getattr(self.gc_ll_descr,
+                                                     '%s_descr' % funcname)
+        #
+        ops = parse(frm_operations, namespace=namespace)
+        expected = parse(to_operations % Evaluator(namespace),
+                         namespace=namespace)
+        operations = self.gc_ll_descr.rewrite_assembler(self.cpu,
+                                                        ops.operations,
+                                                        [])
+        equaloplists(operations, expected.operations)
+
+
+class TestBoehm(RewriteTests):
+    def setup_method(self, meth):
+        class FakeCPU(object):
+            def sizeof(self, STRUCT):
+                return SizeDescrWithVTable(102)
+        self.cpu = FakeCPU()
+        self.gc_ll_descr = GcLLDescr_boehm(None, None, None)
+
+    def test_new(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            []
+            p0 = new(descr=sdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [p1]
+            p0 = call_malloc_gc(ConstClass(malloc_fixedsize), %(sdescr.size)d,\
+                                descr=malloc_fixedsize_descr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_no_collapsing(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            []
+            p0 = new(descr=sdescr)
+            p1 = new(descr=sdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            []
+            p0 = call_malloc_gc(ConstClass(malloc_fixedsize), %(sdescr.size)d,\
+                                descr=malloc_fixedsize_descr)
+            p1 = call_malloc_gc(ConstClass(malloc_fixedsize), %(sdescr.size)d,\
+                                descr=malloc_fixedsize_descr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_new_array_fixed(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            []
+            p0 = new_array(10, descr=adescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            []
+            p0 = call_malloc_gc(ConstClass(malloc_fixedsize), \
+                                %(adescr.basesize + 10 * adescr.itemsize)d, \
+                                descr=malloc_fixedsize_descr)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 10, descr=alendescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_new_array_variable(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            [i1]
+            p0 = new_array(i1, descr=adescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [i1]
+            p0 = call_malloc_gc(ConstClass(malloc_array),   \
+                                %(adescr.basesize)d,        \
+                                i1,                         \
+                                %(adescr.itemsize)d,        \
+                                %(adescr.lendescr.offset)d, \
+                                descr=malloc_array_descr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_new_with_vtable(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            []
+            p0 = new_with_vtable(ConstClass(o_vtable))
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [p1]
+            p0 = call_malloc_gc(ConstClass(malloc_fixedsize), 102, \
+                                descr=malloc_fixedsize_descr)
+            setfield_gc(p0, ConstClass(o_vtable), descr=vtable_descr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_newstr(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            [i1]
+            p0 = newstr(i1)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [i1]
+            p0 = call_malloc_gc(ConstClass(malloc_array), \
+                                %(strdescr.basesize)d,    \
+                                i1,                       \
+                                %(strdescr.itemsize)d,    \
+                                %(strlendescr.offset)d,   \
+                                descr=malloc_array_descr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_newunicode(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            [i1]
+            p0 = newunicode(10)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [i1]
+            p0 = call_malloc_gc(ConstClass(malloc_fixedsize),   \
+                                %(unicodedescr.basesize +       \
+                                  10 * unicodedescr.itemsize)d, \
+                                descr=malloc_fixedsize_descr)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 10, descr=unicodelendescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+
+class TestFramework(RewriteTests):
+    def setup_method(self, meth):
+        class config_(object):
+            class translation(object):
+                gc = 'hybrid'
+                gcrootfinder = 'asmgcc'
+                gctransformer = 'framework'
+                gcremovetypeptr = False
+        gcdescr = get_description(config_)
+        self.gc_ll_descr = GcLLDescr_framework(gcdescr, None, None, None,
+                                               really_not_translated=True)
+        self.gc_ll_descr.write_barrier_descr.has_write_barrier_from_array = (
+            lambda cpu: True)
+        #
+        class FakeCPU(object):
+            def sizeof(self, STRUCT):
+                descr = SizeDescrWithVTable(102)
+                descr.tid = 9315
+                return descr
+        self.cpu = FakeCPU()
+
+    def test_rewrite_assembler_new_to_malloc(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            [p1]
+            p0 = new(descr=sdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [p1]
+            p0 = call_malloc_nursery(%(sdescr.size)d)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 1234, descr=tiddescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_rewrite_assembler_new3_to_malloc(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            []
+            p0 = new(descr=sdescr)
+            p1 = new(descr=tdescr)
+            p2 = new(descr=sdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            []
+            p0 = call_malloc_nursery(   \
+                               %(sdescr.size + tdescr.size + sdescr.size)d)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 1234, descr=tiddescr)
+            p1 = int_add(p0, %(sdescr.size)d)
+            setfield_gc(p1, 5678, descr=tiddescr)
+            p2 = int_add(p1, %(tdescr.size)d)
+            setfield_gc(p2, 1234, descr=tiddescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_rewrite_assembler_new_array_fixed_to_malloc(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            []
+            p0 = new_array(10, descr=adescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            []
+            p0 = call_malloc_nursery(    \
+                                %(adescr.basesize + 10 * adescr.itemsize)d)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 4321, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 10, descr=alendescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_rewrite_assembler_new_and_new_array_fixed_to_malloc(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            []
+            p0 = new(descr=sdescr)
+            p1 = new_array(10, descr=adescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            []
+            p0 = call_malloc_nursery(                                  \
+                                %(sdescr.size +                        \
+                                  adescr.basesize + 10 * adescr.itemsize)d)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 1234, descr=tiddescr)
+            p1 = int_add(p0, %(sdescr.size)d)
+            setfield_gc(p1, 4321, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p1, 10, descr=alendescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_rewrite_assembler_round_up(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            []
+            p0 = new_array(6, descr=bdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            []
+            p0 = call_malloc_nursery(%(bdescr.basesize + 8)d)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 8765, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 6, descr=blendescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_rewrite_assembler_round_up_always(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            []
+            p0 = new_array(5, descr=bdescr)
+            p1 = new_array(5, descr=bdescr)
+            p2 = new_array(5, descr=bdescr)
+            p3 = new_array(5, descr=bdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            []
+            p0 = call_malloc_nursery(%(4 * (bdescr.basesize + 8))d)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 8765, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 5, descr=blendescr)
+            p1 = int_add(p0, %(bdescr.basesize + 8)d)
+            setfield_gc(p1, 8765, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p1, 5, descr=blendescr)
+            p2 = int_add(p1, %(bdescr.basesize + 8)d)
+            setfield_gc(p2, 8765, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p2, 5, descr=blendescr)
+            p3 = int_add(p2, %(bdescr.basesize + 8)d)
+            setfield_gc(p3, 8765, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p3, 5, descr=blendescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_rewrite_assembler_minimal_size(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            []
+            p0 = new(descr=edescr)
+            p1 = new(descr=edescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            []
+            p0 = call_malloc_nursery(%(4*WORD)d)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 9000, descr=tiddescr)
+            p1 = int_add(p0, %(2*WORD)d)
+            setfield_gc(p1, 9000, descr=tiddescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_rewrite_assembler_variable_size(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            [i0]
+            p0 = new_array(i0, descr=bdescr)
+            jump(i0)
+        """, """
+            [i0]
+            p0 = call_malloc_gc(ConstClass(malloc_array), 1,  \
+                                %(bdescr.tid)d, i0,           \
+                                descr=malloc_array_descr)
+            jump(i0)
+        """)
+
+    def test_rewrite_assembler_nonstandard_array(self):
+        # a non-standard array is a bit hard to get; e.g. GcArray(Float)
+        # is like that on Win32, but not on Linux.  Build one manually...
+        NONSTD = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Float)
+        nonstd_descr = get_array_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, NONSTD)
+        nonstd_descr.tid = 6464
+        nonstd_descr.basesize = 64      # <= hacked
+        nonstd_descr.itemsize = 8
+        nonstd_descr_gcref = 123
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            [i0]
+            p0 = new_array(i0, descr=nonstd_descr)
+            jump(i0)
+        """, """
+            [i0]
+            p0 = call_malloc_gc(ConstClass(malloc_array_nonstandard), \
+                                64, 8,                                \
+                                %(nonstd_descr.lendescr.offset)d,     \
+                                6464, i0,                             \
+                                descr=malloc_array_nonstandard_descr)
+            jump(i0)
+        """, nonstd_descr=nonstd_descr)
+
+    def test_rewrite_assembler_maximal_size_1(self):
+        self.gc_ll_descr.max_size_of_young_obj = 100
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            []
+            p0 = new_array(103, descr=bdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            []
+            p0 = call_malloc_gc(ConstClass(malloc_fixedsize), \
+                                %(bdescr.basesize + 104)d,    \
+                                descr=malloc_fixedsize_descr)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 8765, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 103, descr=blendescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_rewrite_assembler_maximal_size_2(self):
+        self.gc_ll_descr.max_size_of_young_obj = 300
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            []
+            p0 = new_array(101, descr=bdescr)
+            p1 = new_array(102, descr=bdescr)  # two new_arrays can be combined
+            p2 = new_array(103, descr=bdescr)  # but not all three
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            []
+            p0 = call_malloc_nursery(    \
+                              %(2 * (bdescr.basesize + 104))d)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 8765, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 101, descr=blendescr)
+            p1 = int_add(p0, %(bdescr.basesize + 104)d)
+            setfield_gc(p1, 8765, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p1, 102, descr=blendescr)
+            p2 = call_malloc_nursery(    \
+                              %(bdescr.basesize + 104)d)
+            setfield_gc(p2, 8765, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p2, 103, descr=blendescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_rewrite_assembler_huge_size(self):
+        # "huge" is defined as "larger than 0xffffff bytes, or 16MB"
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            []
+            p0 = new_array(20000000, descr=bdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            []
+            p0 = call_malloc_gc(ConstClass(malloc_array), 1, \
+                                %(bdescr.tid)d, 20000000,    \
+                                descr=malloc_array_descr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_new_with_vtable(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            []
+            p0 = new_with_vtable(ConstClass(o_vtable))
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [p1]
+            p0 = call_malloc_nursery(104)      # rounded up
+            setfield_gc(p0, 9315, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p0, ConstClass(o_vtable), descr=vtable_descr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_new_with_vtable_too_big(self):
+        self.gc_ll_descr.max_size_of_young_obj = 100
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            []
+            p0 = new_with_vtable(ConstClass(o_vtable))
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [p1]
+            p0 = call_malloc_gc(ConstClass(malloc_fixedsize), 104, \
+                                descr=malloc_fixedsize_descr)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 9315, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p0, ConstClass(o_vtable), descr=vtable_descr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_rewrite_assembler_newstr_newunicode(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            [i2]
+            p0 = newstr(14)
+            p1 = newunicode(10)
+            p2 = newunicode(i2)
+            p3 = newstr(i2)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [i2]
+            p0 = call_malloc_nursery(                                \
+                      %(strdescr.basesize + 16 * strdescr.itemsize + \
+                        unicodedescr.basesize + 10 * unicodedescr.itemsize)d)
+            setfield_gc(p0, %(strdescr.tid)d, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 14, descr=strlendescr)
+            p1 = int_add(p0, %(strdescr.basesize + 16 * strdescr.itemsize)d)
+            setfield_gc(p1, %(unicodedescr.tid)d, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p1, 10, descr=unicodelendescr)
+            p2 = call_malloc_gc(ConstClass(malloc_unicode), i2, \
+                                descr=malloc_unicode_descr)
+            p3 = call_malloc_gc(ConstClass(malloc_str), i2, \
+                                descr=malloc_str_descr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_write_barrier_before_setfield_gc(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            [p1, p2]
+            setfield_gc(p1, p2, descr=tzdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [p1, p2]
+            cond_call_gc_wb(p1, p2, descr=wbdescr)
+            setfield_raw(p1, p2, descr=tzdescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_write_barrier_before_array_without_from_array(self):
+        self.gc_ll_descr.write_barrier_descr.has_write_barrier_from_array = (
+            lambda cpu: False)
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            [p1, i2, p3]
+            setarrayitem_gc(p1, i2, p3, descr=cdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [p1, i2, p3]
+            cond_call_gc_wb(p1, p3, descr=wbdescr)
+            setarrayitem_raw(p1, i2, p3, descr=cdescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_write_barrier_before_short_array(self):
+        self.gc_ll_descr.max_size_of_young_obj = 2000
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            [i2, p3]
+            p1 = new_array(129, descr=cdescr)
+            call(123456)
+            setarrayitem_gc(p1, i2, p3, descr=cdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [i2, p3]
+            p1 = call_malloc_nursery(    \
+                                %(cdescr.basesize + 129 * cdescr.itemsize)d)
+            setfield_gc(p1, 8111, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p1, 129, descr=clendescr)
+            call(123456)
+            cond_call_gc_wb(p1, p3, descr=wbdescr)
+            setarrayitem_raw(p1, i2, p3, descr=cdescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_write_barrier_before_long_array(self):
+        # the limit of "being too long" is fixed, arbitrarily, at 130
+        self.gc_ll_descr.max_size_of_young_obj = 2000
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            [i2, p3]
+            p1 = new_array(130, descr=cdescr)
+            call(123456)
+            setarrayitem_gc(p1, i2, p3, descr=cdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [i2, p3]
+            p1 = call_malloc_nursery(    \
+                                %(cdescr.basesize + 130 * cdescr.itemsize)d)
+            setfield_gc(p1, 8111, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p1, 130, descr=clendescr)
+            call(123456)
+            cond_call_gc_wb_array(p1, i2, p3, descr=wbdescr)
+            setarrayitem_raw(p1, i2, p3, descr=cdescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_write_barrier_before_unknown_array(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            [p1, i2, p3]
+            setarrayitem_gc(p1, i2, p3, descr=cdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [p1, i2, p3]
+            cond_call_gc_wb_array(p1, i2, p3, descr=wbdescr)
+            setarrayitem_raw(p1, i2, p3, descr=cdescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_label_makes_size_unknown(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            [i2, p3]
+            p1 = new_array(5, descr=cdescr)
+            label(p1, i2, p3)
+            setarrayitem_gc(p1, i2, p3, descr=cdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [i2, p3]
+            p1 = call_malloc_nursery(    \
+                                %(cdescr.basesize + 5 * cdescr.itemsize)d)
+            setfield_gc(p1, 8111, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p1, 5, descr=clendescr)
+            label(p1, i2, p3)
+            cond_call_gc_wb_array(p1, i2, p3, descr=wbdescr)
+            setarrayitem_raw(p1, i2, p3, descr=cdescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_write_barrier_before_setinteriorfield_gc(self):
+        S1 = lltype.GcStruct('S1')
+        INTERIOR = lltype.GcArray(('z', lltype.Ptr(S1)))
+        interiordescr = get_array_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, INTERIOR)
+        interiordescr.tid = 1291
+        interiorlendescr = interiordescr.lendescr
+        interiorzdescr = get_interiorfield_descr(self.gc_ll_descr,
+                                                 INTERIOR, 'z')
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            [p1, p2]
+            setinteriorfield_gc(p1, 0, p2, descr=interiorzdescr)
+            jump(p1, p2)
+        """, """
+            [p1, p2]
+            cond_call_gc_wb(p1, p2, descr=wbdescr)
+            setinteriorfield_raw(p1, 0, p2, descr=interiorzdescr)
+            jump(p1, p2)
+        """, interiorzdescr=interiorzdescr)
+
+    def test_initialization_store(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            [p1]
+            p0 = new(descr=tdescr)
+            setfield_gc(p0, p1, descr=tzdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [p1]
+            p0 = call_malloc_nursery(%(tdescr.size)d)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 5678, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p0, p1, descr=tzdescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_initialization_store_2(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            []
+            p0 = new(descr=tdescr)
+            p1 = new(descr=sdescr)
+            setfield_gc(p0, p1, descr=tzdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            []
+            p0 = call_malloc_nursery(%(tdescr.size + sdescr.size)d)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 5678, descr=tiddescr)
+            p1 = int_add(p0, %(tdescr.size)d)
+            setfield_gc(p1, 1234, descr=tiddescr)
+            # <<<no cond_call_gc_wb here>>>
+            setfield_gc(p0, p1, descr=tzdescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_initialization_store_array(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            [p1, i2]
+            p0 = new_array(5, descr=cdescr)
+            setarrayitem_gc(p0, i2, p1, descr=cdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [p1, i2]
+            p0 = call_malloc_nursery(    \
+                                %(cdescr.basesize + 5 * cdescr.itemsize)d)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 8111, descr=tiddescr)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 5, descr=clendescr)
+            setarrayitem_gc(p0, i2, p1, descr=cdescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_non_initialization_store(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            [i0]
+            p0 = new(descr=tdescr)
+            p1 = newstr(i0)
+            setfield_gc(p0, p1, descr=tzdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [i0]
+            p0 = call_malloc_nursery(%(tdescr.size)d)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 5678, descr=tiddescr)
+            p1 = call_malloc_gc(ConstClass(malloc_str), i0, \
+                                descr=malloc_str_descr)
+            cond_call_gc_wb(p0, p1, descr=wbdescr)
+            setfield_raw(p0, p1, descr=tzdescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
+
+    def test_non_initialization_store_label(self):
+        self.check_rewrite("""
+            [p1]
+            p0 = new(descr=tdescr)
+            label(p0, p1)
+            setfield_gc(p0, p1, descr=tzdescr)
+            jump()
+        """, """
+            [p1]
+            p0 = call_malloc_nursery(%(tdescr.size)d)
+            setfield_gc(p0, 5678, descr=tiddescr)
+            label(p0, p1)
+            cond_call_gc_wb(p0, p1, descr=wbdescr)
+            setfield_raw(p0, p1, descr=tzdescr)
+            jump()
+        """)
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/model.py b/pypy/jit/backend/model.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/model.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/model.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from pypy.rlib.debug import debug_start, debug_print, debug_stop
 from pypy.jit.metainterp import history
+from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype
 
 
 class AbstractCPU(object):
@@ -89,24 +90,21 @@
         """Print a disassembled version of looptoken to stdout"""
         raise NotImplementedError
 
-    def execute_token(self, looptoken):
-        """Execute the generated code referenced by the looptoken.
+    def execute_token(self, looptoken, *args):
+        """NOT_RPYTHON (for tests only)
+        Execute the generated code referenced by the looptoken.
         Returns the descr of the last executed operation: either the one
         attached to the failing guard, or the one attached to the FINISH.
-        Use set_future_value_xxx() before, and get_latest_value_xxx() after.
+        Use get_latest_value_xxx() afterwards to read the result(s).
         """
-        raise NotImplementedError
+        argtypes = [lltype.typeOf(x) for x in args]
+        execute = self.make_execute_token(*argtypes)
+        return execute(looptoken, *args)
 
-    def set_future_value_int(self, index, intvalue):
-        """Set the value for the index'th argument for the loop to run."""
-        raise NotImplementedError
-
-    def set_future_value_float(self, index, floatvalue):
-        """Set the value for the index'th argument for the loop to run."""
-        raise NotImplementedError
-
-    def set_future_value_ref(self, index, objvalue):
-        """Set the value for the index'th argument for the loop to run."""
+    def make_execute_token(self, *argtypes):
+        """Must make and return an execute_token() function that will be
+        called with the given argtypes.
+        """
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     def get_latest_value_int(self, index):
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/test/calling_convention_test.py b/pypy/jit/backend/test/calling_convention_test.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/test/calling_convention_test.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/test/calling_convention_test.py
@@ -41,17 +41,18 @@
         local_floats = list(floats)
         local_ints = list(ints)
         expected_result = 0.0
+        arguments = []
         for i in range(len(args)):
             x = args[i]
             if x[0] == 'f':
                 x = local_floats.pop()
                 t = longlong.getfloatstorage(x)
-                self.cpu.set_future_value_float(i, t)
+                arguments.append(t)
             else:
                 x = local_ints.pop()
-                self.cpu.set_future_value_int(i, x)
+                arguments.append(x)
             expected_result += x
-        return expected_result
+        return arguments, expected_result
 
     @classmethod
     def get_funcbox(cls, cpu, func_ptr):
@@ -111,9 +112,9 @@
             looptoken = JitCellToken()
             done_number = self.cpu.get_fail_descr_number(loop.operations[-1].getdescr())
             self.cpu.compile_loop(loop.inputargs, loop.operations, looptoken)
-            expected_result = self._prepare_args(args, floats, ints)
+            argvals, expected_result = self._prepare_args(args, floats, ints)
 
-            res = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+            res = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, *argvals)
             x = longlong.getrealfloat(cpu.get_latest_value_float(0))
             assert abs(x - expected_result) < 0.0001
 
@@ -259,8 +260,8 @@
             done_number = self.cpu.get_fail_descr_number(called_loop.operations[-1].getdescr())
             self.cpu.compile_loop(called_loop.inputargs, called_loop.operations, called_looptoken)
 
-            expected_result = self._prepare_args(args, floats, ints)
-            res = cpu.execute_token(called_looptoken)
+            argvals, expected_result = self._prepare_args(args, floats, ints)
+            res = cpu.execute_token(called_looptoken, *argvals)
             assert res.identifier == 3
             t = longlong.getrealfloat(cpu.get_latest_value_float(0))
             assert abs(t - expected_result) < 0.0001
@@ -289,8 +290,8 @@
                 self.cpu.compile_loop(loop.inputargs, loop.operations, othertoken)
 
                 # prepare call to called_loop
-                self._prepare_args(args, floats, ints)
-                res = cpu.execute_token(othertoken)
+                argvals, _ = self._prepare_args(args, floats, ints)
+                res = cpu.execute_token(othertoken, *argvals)
                 x = longlong.getrealfloat(cpu.get_latest_value_float(0))
                 assert res.identifier == 4
                 assert abs(x - expected_result) < 0.0001
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/test/runner_test.py b/pypy/jit/backend/test/runner_test.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/test/runner_test.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/test/runner_test.py
@@ -34,20 +34,17 @@
                                                                 descr)
         looptoken = JitCellToken()
         self.cpu.compile_loop(inputargs, operations, looptoken)
-        j = 0
+        args = []
         for box in inputargs:
             if isinstance(box, BoxInt):
-                self.cpu.set_future_value_int(j, box.getint())
-                j += 1
+                args.append(box.getint())
             elif isinstance(box, (BoxPtr, BoxObj)):
-                self.cpu.set_future_value_ref(j, box.getref_base())
-                j += 1
+                args.append(box.getref_base())
             elif isinstance(box, BoxFloat):
-                self.cpu.set_future_value_float(j, box.getfloatstorage())
-                j += 1
+                args.append(box.getfloatstorage())
             else:
                 raise NotImplementedError(box)
-        res = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+        res = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, *args)
         if res is operations[-1].getdescr():
             self.guard_failed = False
         else:
@@ -108,8 +105,7 @@
         inputargs = [i0]
         looptoken = JitCellToken()
         self.cpu.compile_loop(inputargs, operations, looptoken)
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(0, 2)
-        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, 2)
         res = self.cpu.get_latest_value_int(0)
         assert res == 3
         assert fail.identifier == 1
@@ -124,8 +120,7 @@
         inputargs = [i0]
         looptoken = JitCellToken()
         self.cpu.compile_loop(inputargs, operations, looptoken)
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_float(0, longlong.getfloatstorage(2.8))
-        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, longlong.getfloatstorage(2.8))
         res = self.cpu.get_latest_value_float(0)
         assert longlong.getrealfloat(res) == 5.1
         assert fail.identifier == 1
@@ -147,8 +142,7 @@
         operations[3].setfailargs([i1])
 
         self.cpu.compile_loop(inputargs, operations, looptoken)
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(0, 2)
-        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, 2)
         assert fail.identifier == 2
         res = self.cpu.get_latest_value_int(0)
         assert res == 10
@@ -172,8 +166,7 @@
         operations[4].setfailargs([None, None, i1, None])
 
         self.cpu.compile_loop(inputargs, operations, looptoken)
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(0, 44)
-        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, 44)
         assert fail.identifier == 2
         res = self.cpu.get_latest_value_int(2)
         assert res == 10
@@ -238,8 +231,7 @@
 
         self.cpu.compile_bridge(faildescr1, [i1b], bridge, looptoken)
 
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(0, 2)
-        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, 2)
         assert fail.identifier == 2
         res = self.cpu.get_latest_value_int(0)
         assert res == 20
@@ -280,8 +272,7 @@
 
         self.cpu.compile_bridge(faildescr1, [i1b], bridge, looptoken)
 
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(0, 2)
-        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, 2)
         assert fail.identifier == 2
         res = self.cpu.get_latest_value_int(0)
         assert res == 20
@@ -304,8 +295,7 @@
         operations[3].setfailargs([None, i1, None])
         self.cpu.compile_loop(inputargs, operations, looptoken)
 
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(0, 2)
-        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, 2)
         assert fail is faildescr1
 
         count = self.cpu.get_latest_value_count()
@@ -327,8 +317,7 @@
             ResOperation(rop.FINISH, [i0], None, descr=faildescr)
             ]
         self.cpu.compile_loop([i0], operations, looptoken)
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(0, 99)
-        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, 99)
         assert fail is faildescr
         res = self.cpu.get_latest_value_int(0)
         assert res == 99
@@ -359,8 +348,7 @@
                 ]
             self.cpu.compile_loop([f0], operations, looptoken)
             value = longlong.getfloatstorage(-61.25)
-            self.cpu.set_future_value_float(0, value)
-            fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+            fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, value)
             assert fail is faildescr
             res = self.cpu.get_latest_value_float(0)
             assert longlong.getrealfloat(res) == -61.25
@@ -395,9 +383,7 @@
             ]
         operations[-2].setfailargs([t, z])
         cpu.compile_loop([x, y], operations, looptoken)
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(0, 0)
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(1, 10)
-        res = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+        res = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, 0, 10)
         assert self.cpu.get_latest_value_int(0) == 0
         assert self.cpu.get_latest_value_int(1) == 55
 
@@ -458,9 +444,7 @@
             for x, y, z in testcases:
                 excvalue = self.cpu.grab_exc_value()
                 assert not excvalue
-                self.cpu.set_future_value_int(0, x)
-                self.cpu.set_future_value_int(1, y)
-                fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+                fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, x, y)
                 if (z == boom) ^ reversed:
                     assert fail.identifier == 1
                 else:
@@ -1161,17 +1145,7 @@
                     assert 0
             values[index_counter] = 11
             #
-            for i, (box, val) in enumerate(zip(inputargs, values)):
-                if isinstance(box, BoxInt):
-                    self.cpu.set_future_value_int(i, val)
-                elif isinstance(box, BoxPtr):
-                    self.cpu.set_future_value_ref(i, val)
-                elif isinstance(box, BoxFloat):
-                    self.cpu.set_future_value_float(i, val)
-                else:
-                    assert 0
-            #
-            fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+            fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, *values)
             assert fail.identifier == 15
             #
             dstvalues = values[:]
@@ -1223,10 +1197,11 @@
 
         self.cpu.compile_bridge(faildescr1, fboxes2, bridge, looptoken)
 
+        args = []
         for i in range(len(fboxes)):
             x = 13.5 + 6.73 * i
-            self.cpu.set_future_value_float(i, longlong.getfloatstorage(x))
-        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+            args.append(longlong.getfloatstorage(x))
+        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, *args)
         assert fail.identifier == 2
         res = self.cpu.get_latest_value_float(0)
         assert longlong.getrealfloat(res) == 8.5
@@ -1250,10 +1225,10 @@
         loop = parse(loopops)
         looptoken = JitCellToken()
         self.cpu.compile_loop(loop.inputargs, loop.operations, looptoken)
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(0, 1)
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_float(1, longlong.getfloatstorage(132.25))
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_float(2, longlong.getfloatstorage(0.75))
-        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+		args = [1]
+        args.append(longlong.getfloatstorage(132.25))
+        args.append(longlong.getfloatstorage(0.75))
+        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, *args)  #xxx check
         assert loop.operations[-2].getdescr() == fail
         f1 = self.cpu.get_latest_value_float(0)
         f2 = self.cpu.get_latest_value_float(1)
@@ -1352,14 +1327,12 @@
                         if test1 == -42 or combinaison[0] == 'b':
                             for test2 in [-65, -42, -11, 0, 1, 10]:
                                 if test2 == -42 or combinaison[1] == 'b':
-                                    n = 0
+                                    args = []
                                     if combinaison[0] == 'b':
-                                        cpu.set_future_value_int(n, test1)
-                                        n += 1
+                                        args.append(test1)
                                     if combinaison[1] == 'b':
-                                        cpu.set_future_value_int(n, test2)
-                                        n += 1
-                                    fail = cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+                                        args.append(test2)
+                                    fail = cpu.execute_token(looptoken, *args)
                                     #
                                     expected = compare(test1, test2)
                                     expected ^= guard_case
@@ -1405,14 +1378,12 @@
                         if test1 == 42 or combinaison[0] == 'b':
                             for test2 in [65, 42, 11, 0, 1]:
                                 if test2 == 42 or combinaison[1] == 'b':
-                                    n = 0
+                                    args = []
                                     if combinaison[0] == 'b':
-                                        cpu.set_future_value_int(n, test1)
-                                        n += 1
+										args.append(test1)
                                     if combinaison[1] == 'b':
-                                        cpu.set_future_value_int(n, test2)
-                                        n += 1
-                                    fail = cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+										args.append(test2)
+                                    fail = cpu.execute_token(looptoken, *args)
                                     #
                                     expected = compare(test1, test2)
                                     expected ^= guard_case
@@ -1464,16 +1435,14 @@
                         if test1 == -4.5 or combinaison[0] == 'b':
                             for test2 in [-6.5, -4.5, -2.5, nan]:
                                 if test2 == -4.5 or combinaison[1] == 'b':
-                                    n = 0
+                                    args = []
                                     if combinaison[0] == 'b':
-                                        cpu.set_future_value_float(
-                                            n, longlong.getfloatstorage(test1))
-                                        n += 1
+                                        args.append(
+                                            longlong.getfloatstorage(test1))
                                     if combinaison[1] == 'b':
-                                        cpu.set_future_value_float(
-                                            n, longlong.getfloatstorage(test2))
-                                        n += 1
-                                    fail = cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+                                        args.append(
+                                            longlong.getfloatstorage(test2))
+                                    fail = cpu.execute_token(looptoken, *args)
                                     #
                                     expected = compare(test1, test2)
                                     expected ^= guard_case
@@ -1517,15 +1486,16 @@
         #
         self.cpu.compile_loop(inputargs, operations, looptoken)
         #
-        for i, box in enumerate(inputargs):
+        args = []
+        for box in inputargs:
             if isinstance(box, BoxInt):
-                self.cpu.set_future_value_int(i, box.getint())
+                args.append(box.getint())
             elif isinstance(box, BoxFloat):
-                self.cpu.set_future_value_float(i, box.getfloatstorage())
+                args.append(box.getfloatstorage())
             else:
                 assert 0
         #
-        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, *args)
         assert fail.identifier == 1
 
     def test_nan_and_infinity(self):
@@ -1588,10 +1558,9 @@
                         unique_testcase_list = list(set(testcase))
                         self.cpu.compile_loop(unique_testcase_list, operations,
                                               looptoken)
-                        for i, box in enumerate(unique_testcase_list):
-                            self.cpu.set_future_value_float(
-                                i, box.getfloatstorage())
-                        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+                        args = [box.getfloatstorage()
+                                for box in unique_testcase_list]
+                        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, *args)
                         if fail.identifier != 5 - (expected_id^expected):
                             if fail.identifier == 4:
                                 msg = "was taken"
@@ -1863,14 +1832,12 @@
         loop = parse(ops, self.cpu, namespace=locals())
         looptoken = JitCellToken()
         self.cpu.compile_loop(loop.inputargs, loop.operations, looptoken)
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(0, 1)
-        self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+        self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, 1)
         assert self.cpu.get_latest_value_int(0) == 0
         assert self.cpu.get_latest_value_ref(1) == xptr
         excvalue = self.cpu.grab_exc_value()
         assert not excvalue
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(0, 0)
-        self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+        self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, 0)
         assert self.cpu.get_latest_value_int(0) == 1
         excvalue = self.cpu.grab_exc_value()
         assert not excvalue
@@ -1889,8 +1856,7 @@
         loop = parse(ops, self.cpu, namespace=locals())
         looptoken = JitCellToken()
         self.cpu.compile_loop(loop.inputargs, loop.operations, looptoken)
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(0, 1)
-        self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+        self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, 1)
         assert self.cpu.get_latest_value_int(0) == 1
         excvalue = self.cpu.grab_exc_value()
         assert excvalue == yptr
@@ -1908,13 +1874,11 @@
         loop = parse(ops, self.cpu, namespace=locals())
         looptoken = JitCellToken()
         self.cpu.compile_loop(loop.inputargs, loop.operations, looptoken)
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(0, 1)
-        self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+        self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, 1)
         assert self.cpu.get_latest_value_int(0) == 1
         excvalue = self.cpu.grab_exc_value()
         assert excvalue == xptr
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(0, 0)
-        self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+        self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, 0)
         assert self.cpu.get_latest_value_int(0) == 0
         excvalue = self.cpu.grab_exc_value()
         assert not excvalue
@@ -2086,16 +2050,12 @@
         ops[2].setfailargs([i1, i0])
         looptoken = JitCellToken()
         self.cpu.compile_loop([i0, i1], ops, looptoken)
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(0, 20)
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(1, 0)
-        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, 20, 0)
         assert fail.identifier == 0
         assert self.cpu.get_latest_value_int(0) == 20
         assert values == []
 
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(0, 10)
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(1, 1)
-        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, 10, 1)
         assert fail.identifier == 1
         assert self.cpu.get_latest_value_int(0) == 1
         assert self.cpu.get_latest_value_int(1) == 10
@@ -2131,16 +2091,12 @@
         ops[2].setfailargs([i1, i2, i0])
         looptoken = JitCellToken()
         self.cpu.compile_loop([i0, i1], ops, looptoken)
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(0, 20)
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(1, 0)
-        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, 20, 0)
         assert fail.identifier == 0
         assert self.cpu.get_latest_value_int(0) == 42
         assert values == []
 
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(0, 10)
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(1, 1)
-        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, 10, 1)
         assert fail.identifier == 1
         assert self.cpu.get_latest_value_int(0) == 1
         assert self.cpu.get_latest_value_int(1) == 42
@@ -2179,17 +2135,13 @@
         ops[2].setfailargs([i1, f2, i0])
         looptoken = JitCellToken()
         self.cpu.compile_loop([i0, i1], ops, looptoken)
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(0, 20)
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(1, 0)
-        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, 20, 0)
         assert fail.identifier == 0
         x = self.cpu.get_latest_value_float(0)
         assert longlong.getrealfloat(x) == 42.5
         assert values == []
 
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(0, 10)
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(1, 1)
-        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, 10, 1)
         assert fail.identifier == 1
         assert self.cpu.get_latest_value_int(0) == 1
         x = self.cpu.get_latest_value_float(1)
@@ -2224,8 +2176,7 @@
         ops[1].setfailargs([i1, i2])
         looptoken = JitCellToken()
         self.cpu.compile_loop([i1], ops, looptoken)
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(0, ord('G'))
-        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, ord('G'))
         assert fail.identifier == 0
         assert self.cpu.get_latest_value_int(0) == ord('g')
 
@@ -2284,12 +2235,12 @@
         ops[1].setfailargs([])
         looptoken = JitCellToken()
         self.cpu.compile_loop([i0, i1, i2, i3], ops, looptoken)
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(0, rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, raw))
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(1, 2)
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(2, 4)
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(3, rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, fn))
+        args = [rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, raw),
+                2,
+                4,
+                rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, fn)]
         assert glob.lst == []
-        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, *args)
         assert fail.identifier == 0
         assert len(glob.lst) > 0
         lltype.free(raw, flavor='raw')
@@ -2342,9 +2293,8 @@
         self.cpu.compile_loop([i1, i2], ops, looptoken)
 
         buffer = lltype.malloc(rffi.CCHARP.TO, buflen, flavor='raw')
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(0, buflen)
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(1, rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, buffer))
-        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+        args = [buflen, rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, buffer)]
+        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, *args)
         assert fail.identifier == 0
         assert self.cpu.get_latest_value_int(0) == len(cwd)
         assert rffi.charp2strn(buffer, buflen) == cwd
@@ -2363,9 +2313,7 @@
         looptoken = JitCellToken()
         self.cpu.compile_loop([i0, i1], ops, looptoken)
 
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(0, -42)
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(1, 9)
-        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, -42, 9)
         assert fail.identifier == 0
         assert self.cpu.get_latest_value_int(0) == -42
         print 'step 1 ok'
@@ -2374,9 +2322,7 @@
         # mark as failing
         self.cpu.invalidate_loop(looptoken)
 
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(0, -42)
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(1, 9)
-        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, -42, 9)
         assert fail is faildescr
         assert self.cpu.get_latest_value_int(0) == 9
         print 'step 2 ok'
@@ -2392,9 +2338,7 @@
         ops[0].setfailargs([])
         self.cpu.compile_bridge(faildescr, [i2], ops, looptoken)
 
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(0, -42)
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(1, 9)
-        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, -42, 9)
         assert fail.identifier == 3
         assert self.cpu.get_latest_value_int(0) == 9
         print 'step 3 ok'
@@ -2403,9 +2347,7 @@
         # mark as failing again
         self.cpu.invalidate_loop(looptoken)
 
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(0, -42)
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(1, 9)
-        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, -42, 9)
         assert fail is faildescr2
         print 'step 4 ok'
         print '-'*79
@@ -2618,9 +2560,8 @@
         FakeJitDriverSD.portal_calldescr = self.cpu.calldescrof(
             lltype.Ptr(lltype.FuncType(ARGS, RES)), ARGS, RES,
             EffectInfo.MOST_GENERAL)
-        for i in range(10):
-            self.cpu.set_future_value_int(i, i+1)
-        res = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+        args = [i+1 for i in range(10)]
+        res = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, *args)
         assert self.cpu.get_latest_value_int(0) == 55
         ops = '''
         [i0, i1, i2, i3, i4, i5, i6, i7, i8, i9]
@@ -2632,9 +2573,8 @@
         loop = parse(ops, namespace=locals())
         othertoken = JitCellToken()
         self.cpu.compile_loop(loop.inputargs, loop.operations, othertoken)
-        for i in range(10):
-            self.cpu.set_future_value_int(i, i+1)
-        res = self.cpu.execute_token(othertoken)
+        args = [i+1 for i in range(10)]
+        res = self.cpu.execute_token(othertoken, *args)
         assert self.cpu.get_latest_value_int(0) == 13
         assert called == [done_number]
 
@@ -2644,9 +2584,8 @@
         try:
             othertoken = JitCellToken()
             self.cpu.compile_loop(loop.inputargs, loop.operations, othertoken)
-            for i in range(10):
-                self.cpu.set_future_value_int(i, i+1)
-            res = self.cpu.execute_token(othertoken)
+            args = [i+1 for i in range(10)]
+            res = self.cpu.execute_token(othertoken, *args)
             assert self.cpu.get_latest_value_int(0) == 97
             assert not called
         finally:
@@ -2686,9 +2625,9 @@
         looptoken = JitCellToken()
         looptoken.outermost_jitdriver_sd = FakeJitDriverSD()
         self.cpu.compile_loop(loop.inputargs, loop.operations, looptoken)
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_float(0, longlong.getfloatstorage(1.2))
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_float(1, longlong.getfloatstorage(2.3))
-        res = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+        args = [longlong.getfloatstorage(1.2),
+                longlong.getfloatstorage(2.3)]
+        res = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, *args)
         x = self.cpu.get_latest_value_float(0)
         assert longlong.getrealfloat(x) == 1.2 + 2.3
         ops = '''
@@ -2700,9 +2639,9 @@
         loop = parse(ops, namespace=locals())
         othertoken = JitCellToken()
         self.cpu.compile_loop(loop.inputargs, loop.operations, othertoken)
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_float(0, longlong.getfloatstorage(1.2))
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_float(1, longlong.getfloatstorage(3.2))
-        res = self.cpu.execute_token(othertoken)
+        args = [longlong.getfloatstorage(1.2),
+                longlong.getfloatstorage(3.2)]
+        res = self.cpu.execute_token(othertoken, *args)
         x = self.cpu.get_latest_value_float(0)
         assert longlong.getrealfloat(x) == 13.5
         assert called == [done_number]
@@ -2713,9 +2652,9 @@
         try:
             othertoken = JitCellToken()
             self.cpu.compile_loop(loop.inputargs, loop.operations, othertoken)
-            self.cpu.set_future_value_float(0, longlong.getfloatstorage(1.2))
-            self.cpu.set_future_value_float(1, longlong.getfloatstorage(3.2))
-            res = self.cpu.execute_token(othertoken)
+            args = [longlong.getfloatstorage(1.2),
+                    longlong.getfloatstorage(3.2)]
+            res = self.cpu.execute_token(othertoken, *args)
             x = self.cpu.get_latest_value_float(0)
             assert longlong.getrealfloat(x) == 1.2 + 3.2
             assert not called
@@ -2780,9 +2719,9 @@
         looptoken.outermost_jitdriver_sd = FakeJitDriverSD()
         self.cpu.compile_loop(loop.inputargs, loop.operations, looptoken)
         done_number = self.cpu.get_fail_descr_number(loop.operations[-1].getdescr())
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_float(0, longlong.getfloatstorage(1.25))
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_float(1, longlong.getfloatstorage(2.35))
-        res = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+        args = [longlong.getfloatstorage(1.25),
+                longlong.getfloatstorage(2.35)]
+        res = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, *args)
         x = self.cpu.get_latest_value_float(0)
         assert longlong.getrealfloat(x) == 1.25 + 2.35
         assert not called
@@ -2798,9 +2737,9 @@
         self.cpu.compile_loop(loop.inputargs, loop.operations, othertoken)
 
         # normal call_assembler: goes to looptoken
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_float(0, longlong.getfloatstorage(1.25))
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_float(1, longlong.getfloatstorage(3.25))
-        res = self.cpu.execute_token(othertoken)
+        args = [longlong.getfloatstorage(1.25),
+                longlong.getfloatstorage(3.25)]
+        res = self.cpu.execute_token(othertoken, *args)
         x = self.cpu.get_latest_value_float(0)
         assert longlong.getrealfloat(x) == 13.5
         assert called == [done_number]
@@ -2821,10 +2760,9 @@
         self.cpu.redirect_call_assembler(looptoken, looptoken2)
 
         # now, our call_assembler should go to looptoken2
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_float(0, longlong.getfloatstorage(6.0))
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_float(1, longlong.getfloatstorage(1.5))
-                                                       # 6.0-1.5 == 1.25+3.25
-        res = self.cpu.execute_token(othertoken)
+        args = [longlong.getfloatstorage(6.0),
+                longlong.getfloatstorage(1.5)]         # 6.0-1.5 == 1.25+3.25
+        res = self.cpu.execute_token(othertoken, *args)
         x = self.cpu.get_latest_value_float(0)
         assert longlong.getrealfloat(x) == 13.5
         assert called == [done_number]
@@ -3178,9 +3116,11 @@
         looptoken = JitCellToken()
         self.cpu.compile_loop(inputargs, operations, looptoken)
         # overflowing value:
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(0, sys.maxint // 4 + 1)
-        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, sys.maxint // 4 + 1)
         assert fail.identifier == excdescr.identifier
+        exc = self.cpu.grab_exc_value()
+        assert exc == "memoryerror!"
+
     def test_math_sqrt(self):
         if not self.cpu.supports_floats:
             py.test.skip("requires floats")
@@ -3228,8 +3168,7 @@
         operations[6].setfailargs([i1])
 
         self.cpu.compile_loop(inputargs, operations, looptoken)
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(0, 2)
-        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, 2)
         assert fail.identifier == 2
         res = self.cpu.get_latest_value_int(0)
         assert res == 10
@@ -3241,8 +3180,7 @@
             ]
         self.cpu.compile_bridge(faildescr, inputargs, operations, looptoken)
         
-        self.cpu.set_future_value_int(0, 2)
-        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
+        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken, 2)
         assert fail.identifier == 3
         res = self.cpu.get_latest_value_int(0)
         assert res == -10
@@ -3322,13 +3260,13 @@
         self.cpu.compile_bridge(faildescr1, inputargs, operations, looptoken1)
 
         looptoken2 = JitCellToken()
-        inputargs = []
+        inputargs = [BoxInt()]
         operations = [
             ResOperation(rop.JUMP, [ConstInt(0)], None, descr=targettoken1),
             ]
         self.cpu.compile_loop(inputargs, operations, looptoken2)
 
-        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken2)
+        fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken2, -9)
         assert fail.identifier == 42
 
 
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/test/test_random.py b/pypy/jit/backend/test/test_random.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/test/test_random.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/test/test_random.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import BoxInt, ConstInt, JitCellToken
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import BoxPtr, ConstPtr, TargetToken
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import BoxFloat, ConstFloat, Const
+from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import INT, FLOAT
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.resoperation import ResOperation, rop
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.executor import execute_nonspec
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.resoperation import opname
@@ -616,8 +617,13 @@
             return self.loop._jitcelltoken
         if not hasattr(self, '_initialjumploop_celltoken'):
             self._initialjumploop_celltoken = JitCellToken()
-            self.cpu.compile_loop(self.startvars[:],
-                                  [ResOperation(rop.JUMP, self.startvars[:], None,
+            args = []
+            for box in self.startvars:
+                if box not in self.loop.inputargs:
+                    box = box.constbox()
+                args.append(box)
+            self.cpu.compile_loop(self.loop.inputargs,
+                                  [ResOperation(rop.JUMP, args, None,
                                                 descr=self.loop._targettoken)],
                                   self._initialjumploop_celltoken)
         return self._initialjumploop_celltoken
@@ -649,14 +655,8 @@
         exc = cpu.grab_exc_value()
         assert not exc
 
-        for i, box in enumerate(self.startvars):
-            if isinstance(box, BoxInt):
-                cpu.set_future_value_int(i, box.value)
-            elif isinstance(box, BoxFloat):
-                cpu.set_future_value_float(i, box.value)
-            else:
-                raise NotImplementedError(box)
-        fail = cpu.execute_token(self.runjitcelltoken())
+        arguments = [box.value for box in self.loop.inputargs]
+        fail = cpu.execute_token(self.runjitcelltoken(), *arguments)
         assert fail is self.should_fail_by.getdescr()
         for i, v in enumerate(self.get_fail_args()):
             if isinstance(v, (BoxFloat, ConstFloat)):
@@ -717,10 +717,21 @@
             # to build_bridge().)
 
             # First make up the other loop...
-            subset = bridge_builder.subset_of_intvars(r)
-            subset = [i for i in subset if i in fail_args]
-            if len(subset) == 0:
-                return False
+            #
+            # New restriction: must have the same argument count and types
+            # as the original loop
+            subset = []
+            for box in self.loop.inputargs:
+                srcbox = r.choice(fail_args)
+                if srcbox.type != box.type:
+                    if box.type == INT:
+                        srcbox = ConstInt(r.random_integer())
+                    elif box.type == FLOAT:
+                        srcbox = ConstFloat(r.random_float_storage())
+                    else:
+                        raise AssertionError(box.type)
+                subset.append(srcbox)
+            #
             args = [x.clonebox() for x in subset]
             rl = RandomLoop(self.builder.cpu, self.builder.fork,
                                      r, args)
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/assembler.py b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/assembler.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/assembler.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/assembler.py
@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@
 from pypy.jit.backend.x86.jump import remap_frame_layout
 from pypy.jit.codewriter.effectinfo import EffectInfo
 from pypy.jit.codewriter import longlong
+from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import intmask
+from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import compute_unique_id
 
 # darwin requires the stack to be 16 bytes aligned on calls. Same for gcc 4.5.0,
 # better safe than sorry
@@ -57,7 +59,8 @@
         self.is_guard_not_invalidated = is_guard_not_invalidated
 
 DEBUG_COUNTER = lltype.Struct('DEBUG_COUNTER', ('i', lltype.Signed),
-                              ('bridge', lltype.Signed), # 0 or 1
+                              ('type', lltype.Char), # 'b'ridge, 'l'abel or
+                                                     # 'e'ntry point
                               ('number', lltype.Signed))
 
 class Assembler386(object):
@@ -69,10 +72,6 @@
         self.cpu = cpu
         self.verbose = False
         self.rtyper = cpu.rtyper
-        self.malloc_func_addr = 0
-        self.malloc_array_func_addr = 0
-        self.malloc_str_func_addr = 0
-        self.malloc_unicode_func_addr = 0
         self.fail_boxes_int = values_array(lltype.Signed, failargs_limit)
         self.fail_boxes_ptr = values_array(llmemory.GCREF, failargs_limit)
         self.fail_boxes_float = values_array(longlong.FLOATSTORAGE,
@@ -107,20 +106,6 @@
         # the address of the function called by 'new'
         gc_ll_descr = self.cpu.gc_ll_descr
         gc_ll_descr.initialize()
-        ll_new = gc_ll_descr.get_funcptr_for_new()
-        self.malloc_func_addr = rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, ll_new)
-        if gc_ll_descr.get_funcptr_for_newarray is not None:
-            ll_new_array = gc_ll_descr.get_funcptr_for_newarray()
-            self.malloc_array_func_addr = rffi.cast(lltype.Signed,
-                                                    ll_new_array)
-        if gc_ll_descr.get_funcptr_for_newstr is not None:
-            ll_new_str = gc_ll_descr.get_funcptr_for_newstr()
-            self.malloc_str_func_addr = rffi.cast(lltype.Signed,
-                                                  ll_new_str)
-        if gc_ll_descr.get_funcptr_for_newunicode is not None:
-            ll_new_unicode = gc_ll_descr.get_funcptr_for_newunicode()
-            self.malloc_unicode_func_addr = rffi.cast(lltype.Signed,
-                                                      ll_new_unicode)
         self.memcpy_addr = self.cpu.cast_ptr_to_int(support.memcpy_fn)
         self._build_failure_recovery(False)
         self._build_failure_recovery(True)
@@ -164,12 +149,15 @@
     def finish_once(self):
         if self._debug:
             debug_start('jit-backend-counts')
-            for struct in self.loop_run_counters:
-                if struct.bridge:
-                    prefix = 'bridge '
+            for i in range(len(self.loop_run_counters)):
+                struct = self.loop_run_counters[i]
+                if struct.type == 'l':
+                    prefix = 'TargetToken(%d)' % struct.number
+                elif struct.type == 'b':
+                    prefix = 'bridge ' + str(struct.number)
                 else:
-                    prefix = 'loop '
-                debug_print(prefix + str(struct.number) + ':' + str(struct.i))
+                    prefix = 'entry ' + str(struct.number)
+                debug_print(prefix + ':' + str(struct.i))
             debug_stop('jit-backend-counts')
 
     def _build_float_constants(self):
@@ -274,7 +262,8 @@
         #
         self.mc = codebuf.MachineCodeBlockWrapper()
         # call on_leave_jitted_save_exc()
-        addr = self.cpu.get_on_leave_jitted_int(save_exception=True)
+        addr = self.cpu.get_on_leave_jitted_int(save_exception=True,
+                                                default_to_memoryerror=True)
         self.mc.CALL(imm(addr))
         self.mc.MOV_ri(eax.value, self.cpu.propagate_exception_v)
         self._call_footer()
@@ -309,12 +298,11 @@
                 mc.MOVSD_sx(8*i, i)     # xmm0 to xmm7
         #
         if IS_X86_32:
-            mc.LEA_rb(eax.value, +8)
             stack_size += 2*WORD
             mc.PUSH_r(eax.value)        # alignment
-            mc.PUSH_r(eax.value)
+            mc.PUSH_r(esp.value)
         elif IS_X86_64:
-            mc.LEA_rb(edi.value, +16)
+            mc.MOV_rr(edi.value, esp.value)
         #
         # esp is now aligned to a multiple of 16 again
         mc.CALL(imm(slowpathaddr))
@@ -325,7 +313,7 @@
         jnz_location = mc.get_relative_pos()
         #
         if IS_X86_32:
-            mc.ADD_ri(esp.value, 2*WORD)
+            mc.ADD_ri(esp.value, 2*WORD)    # cancel the two PUSHes above
         elif IS_X86_64:
             # restore the registers
             for i in range(7, -1, -1):
@@ -421,10 +409,8 @@
 
     def assemble_loop(self, loopname, inputargs, operations, looptoken, log):
         '''adds the following attributes to looptoken:
-               _x86_loop_code       (an integer giving an address)
-               _x86_bootstrap_code  (an integer giving an address)
-               _x86_direct_bootstrap_code  ( "    "     "    "   )
-               _x86_arglocs
+               _x86_function_addr   (address of the generated func, as an int)
+               _x86_loop_code       (debug: addr of the start of the ResOps)
                _x86_debug_checksum
         '''
         # XXX this function is too longish and contains some code
@@ -441,16 +427,16 @@
 
         self.setup(looptoken)
         if log:
-            self._register_counter(False, looptoken.number)
-            operations = self._inject_debugging_code(looptoken, operations)
+            operations = self._inject_debugging_code(looptoken, operations,
+                                                     'e', looptoken.number)
 
         regalloc = RegAlloc(self, self.cpu.translate_support_code)
-        arglocs, operations = regalloc.prepare_loop(inputargs, operations,
-                                                    looptoken, clt.allgcrefs)
-        looptoken._x86_arglocs = arglocs
-
-        bootstrappos = self.mc.get_relative_pos()
-        stackadjustpos = self._assemble_bootstrap_code(inputargs, arglocs)
+        #
+        self._call_header_with_stack_check()
+        stackadjustpos = self._patchable_stackadjust()
+        clt._debug_nbargs = len(inputargs)
+        operations = regalloc.prepare_loop(inputargs, operations,
+                                           looptoken, clt.allgcrefs)
         looppos = self.mc.get_relative_pos()
         looptoken._x86_loop_code = looppos
         clt.frame_depth = -1     # temporarily
@@ -458,19 +444,17 @@
         frame_depth, param_depth = self._assemble(regalloc, operations)
         clt.frame_depth = frame_depth
         clt.param_depth = param_depth
-
-        directbootstrappos = self.mc.get_relative_pos()
-        self._assemble_bootstrap_direct_call(arglocs, looppos,
-                                             frame_depth+param_depth)
+        #
+        size_excluding_failure_stuff = self.mc.get_relative_pos()
         self.write_pending_failure_recoveries()
-        fullsize = self.mc.get_relative_pos()
+        full_size = self.mc.get_relative_pos()
         #
         rawstart = self.materialize_loop(looptoken)
         debug_start("jit-backend-addr")
         debug_print("Loop %d (%s) has address %x to %x (bootstrap %x)" % (
             looptoken.number, loopname,
             rawstart + looppos,
-            rawstart + directbootstrappos,
+            rawstart + size_excluding_failure_stuff,
             rawstart))
         debug_stop("jit-backend-addr")
         self._patch_stackadjust(rawstart + stackadjustpos,
@@ -481,18 +465,17 @@
         if not we_are_translated():
             # used only by looptoken.dump() -- useful in tests
             looptoken._x86_rawstart = rawstart
-            looptoken._x86_fullsize = fullsize
+            looptoken._x86_fullsize = full_size
             looptoken._x86_ops_offset = ops_offset
+        looptoken._x86_function_addr = rawstart
 
-        looptoken._x86_bootstrap_code = rawstart + bootstrappos
-        looptoken._x86_direct_bootstrap_code = rawstart + directbootstrappos
         self.fixup_target_tokens(rawstart)
         self.teardown()
         # oprofile support
         if self.cpu.profile_agent is not None:
             name = "Loop # %s: %s" % (looptoken.number, loopname)
             self.cpu.profile_agent.native_code_written(name,
-                                                       rawstart, fullsize)
+                                                       rawstart, full_size)
         return ops_offset
 
     def assemble_bridge(self, faildescr, inputargs, operations,
@@ -511,8 +494,8 @@
 
         self.setup(original_loop_token)
         if log:
-            self._register_counter(True, descr_number)
-            operations = self._inject_debugging_code(faildescr, operations)
+            operations = self._inject_debugging_code(faildescr, operations,
+                                                     'b', descr_number)
 
         arglocs = self.rebuild_faillocs_from_descr(failure_recovery)
         if not we_are_translated():
@@ -619,17 +602,21 @@
         return self.mc.materialize(self.cpu.asmmemmgr, allblocks,
                                    self.cpu.gc_ll_descr.gcrootmap)
 
-    def _register_counter(self, bridge, number):
-        if self._debug:
-            # YYY very minor leak -- we need the counters to stay alive
-            # forever, just because we want to report them at the end
-            # of the process
-            struct = lltype.malloc(DEBUG_COUNTER, flavor='raw',
-                                   track_allocation=False)
-            struct.i = 0
-            struct.bridge = int(bridge)
+    def _register_counter(self, tp, number, token):
+        # YYY very minor leak -- we need the counters to stay alive
+        # forever, just because we want to report them at the end
+        # of the process
+        struct = lltype.malloc(DEBUG_COUNTER, flavor='raw',
+                               track_allocation=False)
+        struct.i = 0
+        struct.type = tp
+        if tp == 'b' or tp == 'e':
             struct.number = number
-            self.loop_run_counters.append(struct)
+        else:
+            assert token
+            struct.number = compute_unique_id(token)
+        self.loop_run_counters.append(struct)            
+        return struct
 
     def _find_failure_recovery_bytecode(self, faildescr):
         adr_jump_offset = faildescr._x86_adr_jump_offset
@@ -673,27 +660,36 @@
             targettoken._x86_loop_code += rawstart
         self.target_tokens_currently_compiling = None
 
+    def _append_debugging_code(self, operations, tp, number, token):
+        counter = self._register_counter(tp, number, token)
+        c_adr = ConstInt(rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, counter))
+        box = BoxInt()
+        box2 = BoxInt()
+        ops = [ResOperation(rop.GETFIELD_RAW, [c_adr],
+                            box, descr=self.debug_counter_descr),
+               ResOperation(rop.INT_ADD, [box, ConstInt(1)], box2),
+               ResOperation(rop.SETFIELD_RAW, [c_adr, box2],
+                            None, descr=self.debug_counter_descr)]
+        operations.extend(ops)
+        
     @specialize.argtype(1)
-    def _inject_debugging_code(self, looptoken, operations):
+    def _inject_debugging_code(self, looptoken, operations, tp, number):
         if self._debug:
             # before doing anything, let's increase a counter
             s = 0
             for op in operations:
                 s += op.getopnum()
             looptoken._x86_debug_checksum = s
-            c_adr = ConstInt(rffi.cast(lltype.Signed,
-                                       self.loop_run_counters[-1]))
-            box = BoxInt()
-            box2 = BoxInt()
-            ops = [ResOperation(rop.GETFIELD_RAW, [c_adr],
-                                box, descr=self.debug_counter_descr),
-                   ResOperation(rop.INT_ADD, [box, ConstInt(1)], box2),
-                   ResOperation(rop.SETFIELD_RAW, [c_adr, box2],
-                                None, descr=self.debug_counter_descr)]
-            if operations[0].getopnum() == rop.LABEL:
-                operations = [operations[0]] + ops + operations[1:]
-            else:
-                operations =  ops + operations
+
+            newoperations = []
+            self._append_debugging_code(newoperations, tp, number,
+                                        None)
+            for op in operations:
+                newoperations.append(op)
+                if op.getopnum() == rop.LABEL:
+                    self._append_debugging_code(newoperations, 'l', number,
+                                                op.getdescr())
+            operations = newoperations
         return operations
 
     def _assemble(self, regalloc, operations):
@@ -802,152 +798,21 @@
             self.mc.MOV_ri(ebx.value, rst)           # MOV ebx, rootstacktop
             self.mc.SUB_mi8((ebx.value, 0), 2*WORD)  # SUB [ebx], 2*WORD
 
-    def _assemble_bootstrap_direct_call(self, arglocs, jmppos, stackdepth):
-        if IS_X86_64:
-            return self._assemble_bootstrap_direct_call_64(arglocs, jmppos, stackdepth)
-        # XXX pushing ebx esi and edi is a bit pointless, since we store
-        #     all regsiters anyway, for the case of guard_not_forced
-        # XXX this can be improved greatly. Right now it'll behave like
-        #     a normal call
-        nonfloatlocs, floatlocs = arglocs
-        self._call_header_with_stack_check()
-        self.mc.LEA_rb(esp.value, self._get_offset_of_ebp_from_esp(stackdepth))
-        offset = 2 * WORD
-        tmp = eax
-        xmmtmp = xmm0
-        for i in range(len(nonfloatlocs)):
-            loc = nonfloatlocs[i]
-            if loc is not None:
-                if isinstance(loc, RegLoc):
-                    assert not loc.is_xmm
-                    self.mc.MOV_rb(loc.value, offset)
-                else:
-                    self.mc.MOV_rb(tmp.value, offset)
-                    self.mc.MOV(loc, tmp)
-                offset += WORD
-            loc = floatlocs[i]
-            if loc is not None:
-                if isinstance(loc, RegLoc):
-                    assert loc.is_xmm
-                    self.mc.MOVSD_xb(loc.value, offset)
-                else:
-                    self.mc.MOVSD_xb(xmmtmp.value, offset)
-                    assert isinstance(loc, StackLoc)
-                    self.mc.MOVSD_bx(loc.value, xmmtmp.value)
-                offset += 2 * WORD
-        endpos = self.mc.get_relative_pos() + 5
-        self.mc.JMP_l(jmppos - endpos)
-        assert endpos == self.mc.get_relative_pos()
-
-    def _assemble_bootstrap_direct_call_64(self, arglocs, jmppos, stackdepth):
-        # XXX: Very similar to _emit_call_64
-
-        src_locs = []
-        dst_locs = []
-        xmm_src_locs = []
-        xmm_dst_locs = []
-        get_from_stack = []
-
-        # In reverse order for use with pop()
-        unused_gpr = [r9, r8, ecx, edx, esi, edi]
-        unused_xmm = [xmm7, xmm6, xmm5, xmm4, xmm3, xmm2, xmm1, xmm0]
-
-        nonfloatlocs, floatlocs = arglocs
-        self._call_header_with_stack_check()
-        self.mc.LEA_rb(esp.value, self._get_offset_of_ebp_from_esp(stackdepth))
-
-        # The lists are padded with Nones
-        assert len(nonfloatlocs) == len(floatlocs)
-
-        for i in range(len(nonfloatlocs)):
-            loc = nonfloatlocs[i]
-            if loc is not None:
-                if len(unused_gpr) > 0:
-                    src_locs.append(unused_gpr.pop())
-                    dst_locs.append(loc)
-                else:
-                    get_from_stack.append((loc, False))
-
-            floc = floatlocs[i]
-            if floc is not None:
-                if len(unused_xmm) > 0:
-                    xmm_src_locs.append(unused_xmm.pop())
-                    xmm_dst_locs.append(floc)
-                else:
-                    get_from_stack.append((floc, True))
-
-        remap_frame_layout(self, src_locs, dst_locs, X86_64_SCRATCH_REG)
-        remap_frame_layout(self, xmm_src_locs, xmm_dst_locs, X86_64_XMM_SCRATCH_REG)
-
-        for i in range(len(get_from_stack)):
-            loc, is_xmm = get_from_stack[i]
-            if is_xmm:
-                self.mc.MOVSD_xb(X86_64_XMM_SCRATCH_REG.value, (2 + i) * WORD)
-                self.mc.MOVSD(loc, X86_64_XMM_SCRATCH_REG)
-            else:
-                self.mc.MOV_rb(X86_64_SCRATCH_REG.value, (2 + i) * WORD)
-                # XXX: We're assuming that "loc" won't require regloc to
-                # clobber the scratch register
-                self.mc.MOV(loc, X86_64_SCRATCH_REG)
-
-        endpos = self.mc.get_relative_pos() + 5
-        self.mc.JMP_l(jmppos - endpos)
-        assert endpos == self.mc.get_relative_pos()
-
     def redirect_call_assembler(self, oldlooptoken, newlooptoken):
         # some minimal sanity checking
-        oldnonfloatlocs, oldfloatlocs = oldlooptoken._x86_arglocs
-        newnonfloatlocs, newfloatlocs = newlooptoken._x86_arglocs
-        assert len(oldnonfloatlocs) == len(newnonfloatlocs)
-        assert len(oldfloatlocs) == len(newfloatlocs)
+        old_nbargs = oldlooptoken.compiled_loop_token._debug_nbargs
+        new_nbargs = newlooptoken.compiled_loop_token._debug_nbargs
+        assert old_nbargs == new_nbargs
         # we overwrite the instructions at the old _x86_direct_bootstrap_code
         # to start with a JMP to the new _x86_direct_bootstrap_code.
         # Ideally we should rather patch all existing CALLs, but well.
-        oldadr = oldlooptoken._x86_direct_bootstrap_code
-        target = newlooptoken._x86_direct_bootstrap_code
+        oldadr = oldlooptoken._x86_function_addr
+        target = newlooptoken._x86_function_addr
         mc = codebuf.MachineCodeBlockWrapper()
         mc.JMP(imm(target))
+        assert mc.get_relative_pos() <= 13  # keep in sync with prepare_loop()
         mc.copy_to_raw_memory(oldadr)
 
-    def _assemble_bootstrap_code(self, inputargs, arglocs):
-        nonfloatlocs, floatlocs = arglocs
-        self._call_header()
-        stackadjustpos = self._patchable_stackadjust()
-        tmp = eax
-        xmmtmp = xmm0
-        self.mc.begin_reuse_scratch_register()
-        for i in range(len(nonfloatlocs)):
-            loc = nonfloatlocs[i]
-            if loc is None:
-                continue
-            if isinstance(loc, RegLoc):
-                target = loc
-            else:
-                target = tmp
-            if inputargs[i].type == REF:
-                adr = self.fail_boxes_ptr.get_addr_for_num(i)
-                self.mc.MOV(target, heap(adr))
-                self.mc.MOV(heap(adr), imm0)
-            else:
-                adr = self.fail_boxes_int.get_addr_for_num(i)
-                self.mc.MOV(target, heap(adr))
-            if target is not loc:
-                assert isinstance(loc, StackLoc)
-                self.mc.MOV_br(loc.value, target.value)
-        for i in range(len(floatlocs)):
-            loc = floatlocs[i]
-            if loc is None:
-                continue
-            adr = self.fail_boxes_float.get_addr_for_num(i)
-            if isinstance(loc, RegLoc):
-                self.mc.MOVSD(loc, heap(adr))
-            else:
-                self.mc.MOVSD(xmmtmp, heap(adr))
-                assert isinstance(loc, StackLoc)
-                self.mc.MOVSD_bx(loc.value, xmmtmp.value)
-        self.mc.end_reuse_scratch_register()
-        return stackadjustpos
-
     def dump(self, text):
         if not self.verbose:
             return
@@ -974,7 +839,7 @@
         if isinstance(loc, RegLoc) and loc.is_xmm:
             self.mc.SUB_ri(esp.value, 8)   # = size of doubles
             self.mc.MOVSD_sx(0, loc.value)
-        elif WORD == 4 and isinstance(loc, StackLoc) and loc.width == 8:
+        elif WORD == 4 and isinstance(loc, StackLoc) and loc.get_width() == 8:
             # XXX evil trick
             self.mc.PUSH_b(get_ebp_ofs(loc.position))
             self.mc.PUSH_b(get_ebp_ofs(loc.position + 1))
@@ -985,13 +850,25 @@
         if isinstance(loc, RegLoc) and loc.is_xmm:
             self.mc.MOVSD_xs(loc.value, 0)
             self.mc.ADD_ri(esp.value, 8)   # = size of doubles
-        elif WORD == 4 and isinstance(loc, StackLoc) and loc.width == 8:
+        elif WORD == 4 and isinstance(loc, StackLoc) and loc.get_width() == 8:
             # XXX evil trick
             self.mc.POP_b(get_ebp_ofs(loc.position + 1))
             self.mc.POP_b(get_ebp_ofs(loc.position))
         else:
             self.mc.POP(loc)
 
+    def regalloc_immedmem2mem(self, from_loc, to_loc):
+        # move a ConstFloatLoc directly to a StackLoc, as two MOVs
+        # (even on x86-64, because the immediates are encoded as 32 bits)
+        assert isinstance(from_loc, ConstFloatLoc)
+        assert isinstance(to_loc,   StackLoc)
+        low_part  = rffi.cast(rffi.CArrayPtr(rffi.INT), from_loc.value)[0]
+        high_part = rffi.cast(rffi.CArrayPtr(rffi.INT), from_loc.value)[1]
+        low_part  = intmask(low_part)
+        high_part = intmask(high_part)
+        self.mc.MOV32_bi(to_loc.value,     low_part)
+        self.mc.MOV32_bi(to_loc.value + 4, high_part)
+
     def regalloc_perform(self, op, arglocs, resloc):
         genop_list[op.getopnum()](self, op, arglocs, resloc)
 
@@ -1143,18 +1020,18 @@
                     self.mc.MOVSD_sx(p, loc.value)
                 else:
                     self.mc.MOV_sr(p, loc.value)
-            p += round_up_to_4(loc.width)
+            p += loc.get_width()
         p = 0
         for i in range(start, n):
             loc = arglocs[i]
             if not isinstance(loc, RegLoc):
-                if loc.width == 8:
+                if loc.get_width() == 8:
                     self.mc.MOVSD(xmm0, loc)
                     self.mc.MOVSD_sx(p, xmm0.value)
                 else:
                     self.mc.MOV(tmp, loc)
                     self.mc.MOV_sr(p, tmp.value)
-            p += round_up_to_4(loc.width)
+            p += loc.get_width()
         self._regalloc.reserve_param(p//WORD)
         # x is a location
         self.mc.CALL(x)
@@ -1481,46 +1358,10 @@
         self.mc.SHR_ri(resloc.value, 7)
         self.mc.AND_ri(resloc.value, 1)
 
-    def genop_new_with_vtable(self, op, arglocs, result_loc):
-        assert result_loc is eax
-        loc_vtable = arglocs[-1]
-        assert isinstance(loc_vtable, ImmedLoc)
-        arglocs = arglocs[:-1]
-        self.call(self.malloc_func_addr, arglocs, eax)
-        self.propagate_memoryerror_if_eax_is_null()
-        self.set_vtable(eax, loc_vtable)
+    # ----------
 
-    def set_vtable(self, loc, loc_vtable):
-        if self.cpu.vtable_offset is not None:
-            assert isinstance(loc, RegLoc)
-            assert isinstance(loc_vtable, ImmedLoc)
-            self.mc.MOV(mem(loc, self.cpu.vtable_offset), loc_vtable)
-
-    def set_new_array_length(self, loc, ofs_length, loc_num_elem):
-        assert isinstance(loc, RegLoc)
-        assert isinstance(loc_num_elem, ImmedLoc)
-        self.mc.MOV(mem(loc, ofs_length), loc_num_elem)
-
-    # XXX genop_new is abused for all varsized mallocs with Boehm, for now
-    # (instead of genop_new_array, genop_newstr, genop_newunicode)
-    def genop_new(self, op, arglocs, result_loc):
-        assert result_loc is eax
-        self.call(self.malloc_func_addr, arglocs, eax)
-        self.propagate_memoryerror_if_eax_is_null()
-
-    def genop_new_array(self, op, arglocs, result_loc):
-        assert result_loc is eax
-        self.call(self.malloc_array_func_addr, arglocs, eax)
-        self.propagate_memoryerror_if_eax_is_null()
-
-    def genop_newstr(self, op, arglocs, result_loc):
-        assert result_loc is eax
-        self.call(self.malloc_str_func_addr, arglocs, eax)
-        self.propagate_memoryerror_if_eax_is_null()
-
-    def genop_newunicode(self, op, arglocs, result_loc):
-        assert result_loc is eax
-        self.call(self.malloc_unicode_func_addr, arglocs, eax)
+    def genop_call_malloc_gc(self, op, arglocs, result_loc):
+        self.genop_call(op, arglocs, result_loc)
         self.propagate_memoryerror_if_eax_is_null()
 
     def propagate_memoryerror_if_eax_is_null(self):
@@ -1891,10 +1732,10 @@
     DESCR_INT       = 0x01
     DESCR_FLOAT     = 0x02
     DESCR_SPECIAL   = 0x03
-    # XXX: 4*8 works on i386, should we optimize for that case?
-    CODE_FROMSTACK  = 4*16
+    CODE_FROMSTACK  = 4 * (8 + 8*IS_X86_64)
     CODE_STOP       = 0 | DESCR_SPECIAL
     CODE_HOLE       = 4 | DESCR_SPECIAL
+    CODE_INPUTARG   = 8 | DESCR_SPECIAL
 
     def write_failure_recovery_description(self, mc, failargs, locs):
         for i in range(len(failargs)):
@@ -1910,7 +1751,11 @@
                     raise AssertionError("bogus kind")
                 loc = locs[i]
                 if isinstance(loc, StackLoc):
-                    n = self.CODE_FROMSTACK//4 + loc.position
+                    pos = loc.position
+                    if pos < 0:
+                        mc.writechar(chr(self.CODE_INPUTARG))
+                        pos = ~pos
+                    n = self.CODE_FROMSTACK//4 + pos
                 else:
                     assert isinstance(loc, RegLoc)
                     n = loc.value
@@ -1930,6 +1775,7 @@
         descr_to_box_type = [REF, INT, FLOAT]
         bytecode = rffi.cast(rffi.UCHARP, bytecode)
         arglocs = []
+        code_inputarg = False
         while 1:
             # decode the next instruction from the bytecode
             code = rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, bytecode[0])
@@ -1948,11 +1794,17 @@
                             break
                 kind = code & 3
                 code = (code - self.CODE_FROMSTACK) >> 2
+                if code_inputarg:
+                    code = ~code
+                    code_inputarg = False
                 loc = X86FrameManager.frame_pos(code, descr_to_box_type[kind])
             elif code == self.CODE_STOP:
                 break
             elif code == self.CODE_HOLE:
                 continue
+            elif code == self.CODE_INPUTARG:
+                code_inputarg = True
+                continue
             else:
                 # 'code' identifies a register
                 kind = code & 3
@@ -1968,6 +1820,7 @@
     def grab_frame_values(self, bytecode, frame_addr, allregisters):
         # no malloc allowed here!!
         self.fail_ebp = allregisters[16 + ebp.value]
+        code_inputarg = False
         num = 0
         value_hi = 0
         while 1:
@@ -1988,6 +1841,9 @@
                 # load the value from the stack
                 kind = code & 3
                 code = (code - self.CODE_FROMSTACK) >> 2
+                if code_inputarg:
+                    code = ~code
+                    code_inputarg = False
                 stackloc = frame_addr + get_ebp_ofs(code)
                 value = rffi.cast(rffi.LONGP, stackloc)[0]
                 if kind == self.DESCR_FLOAT and WORD == 4:
@@ -2000,6 +1856,9 @@
                     if code == self.CODE_HOLE:
                         num += 1
                         continue
+                    if code == self.CODE_INPUTARG:
+                        code_inputarg = True
+                        continue
                     assert code == self.CODE_STOP
                     break
                 code >>= 2
@@ -2104,9 +1963,9 @@
         # returns in eax the fail_index
 
         # now we return from the complete frame, which starts from
-        # _assemble_bootstrap_code().  The LEA in _call_footer below throws
-        # away most of the frame, including all the PUSHes that we did just
-        # above.
+        # _call_header_with_stack_check().  The LEA in _call_footer below
+        # throws away most of the frame, including all the PUSHes that we
+        # did just above.
 
         self._call_footer()
         rawstart = mc.materialize(self.cpu.asmmemmgr, [])
@@ -2171,6 +2030,8 @@
         self._genop_call(op, arglocs, resloc, force_index)
 
     def _genop_call(self, op, arglocs, resloc, force_index):
+        from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import CallDescr
+
         sizeloc = arglocs[0]
         assert isinstance(sizeloc, ImmedLoc)
         size = sizeloc.value
@@ -2185,13 +2046,16 @@
         else:
             tmp = eax
 
+        descr = op.getdescr()
+        assert isinstance(descr, CallDescr)
+
         self._emit_call(force_index, x, arglocs, 3, tmp=tmp,
-                        argtypes=op.getdescr().get_arg_types(),
-                        callconv=op.getdescr().get_call_conv())
+                        argtypes=descr.get_arg_types(),
+                        callconv=descr.get_call_conv())
 
-        if IS_X86_32 and isinstance(resloc, StackLoc) and resloc.width == 8:
+        if IS_X86_32 and isinstance(resloc, StackLoc) and resloc.type == FLOAT:
             # a float or a long long return
-            if op.getdescr().get_return_type() == 'L':
+            if descr.get_result_type() == 'L':
                 self.mc.MOV_br(resloc.value, eax.value)      # long long
                 self.mc.MOV_br(resloc.value + 4, edx.value)
                 # XXX should ideally not move the result on the stack,
@@ -2200,7 +2064,7 @@
                 #     can just be always a stack location
             else:
                 self.mc.FSTPL_b(resloc.value)   # float return
-        elif op.getdescr().get_return_type() == 'S':
+        elif descr.get_result_type() == 'S':
             # singlefloat return
             assert resloc is eax
             if IS_X86_32:
@@ -2354,10 +2218,10 @@
         self.mc.MOV_bi(FORCE_INDEX_OFS, fail_index)
         descr = op.getdescr()
         assert isinstance(descr, JitCellToken)
-        assert len(arglocs) - 2 == len(descr._x86_arglocs[0])
+        assert len(arglocs) - 2 == descr.compiled_loop_token._debug_nbargs
         #
-        # Write a call to the direct_bootstrap_code of the target assembler
-        self._emit_call(fail_index, imm(descr._x86_direct_bootstrap_code),
+        # Write a call to the target assembler
+        self._emit_call(fail_index, imm(descr._x86_function_addr),
                         arglocs, 2, tmp=eax)
         if op.result is None:
             assert result_loc is None
@@ -2398,9 +2262,9 @@
         #
         # Reset the vable token --- XXX really too much special logic here:-(
         if jd.index_of_virtualizable >= 0:
-            from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import BaseFieldDescr
+            from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import FieldDescr
             fielddescr = jd.vable_token_descr
-            assert isinstance(fielddescr, BaseFieldDescr)
+            assert isinstance(fielddescr, FieldDescr)
             ofs = fielddescr.offset
             self.mc.MOV(eax, arglocs[1])
             self.mc.MOV_mi((eax.value, ofs), 0)
@@ -2588,6 +2452,14 @@
                     self.gcrootmap_retaddr_forced = -1
 
     def closing_jump(self, target_token):
+        # The backend's logic assumes that the target code is in a piece of
+        # assembler that was also called with the same number of arguments,
+        # so that the locations [ebp+8..] of the input arguments are valid
+        # stack locations both before and after the jump.
+        my_nbargs = self.current_clt._debug_nbargs
+        target_nbargs = target_token._x86_clt._debug_nbargs
+        assert my_nbargs == target_nbargs
+        #
         target = target_token._x86_loop_code
         if target_token in self.target_tokens_currently_compiling:
             curpos = self.mc.get_relative_pos() + 5
@@ -2595,9 +2467,8 @@
         else:
             self.mc.JMP(imm(target))
 
-    def malloc_cond(self, nursery_free_adr, nursery_top_adr, size, tid):
-        size = max(size, self.cpu.gc_ll_descr.minimal_size_in_nursery)
-        size = (size + WORD-1) & ~(WORD-1)     # round up
+    def malloc_cond(self, nursery_free_adr, nursery_top_adr, size):
+        assert size & (WORD-1) == 0     # must be correctly aligned
         self.mc.MOV(eax, heap(nursery_free_adr))
         self.mc.LEA_rm(edx.value, (eax.value, size))
         self.mc.CMP(edx, heap(nursery_top_adr))
@@ -2633,9 +2504,6 @@
         offset = self.mc.get_relative_pos() - jmp_adr
         assert 0 < offset <= 127
         self.mc.overwrite(jmp_adr-1, chr(offset))
-        # on 64-bits, 'tid' is a value that fits in 31 bits
-        assert rx86.fits_in_32bits(tid)
-        self.mc.MOV_mi((eax.value, 0), tid)
         self.mc.MOV(heap(nursery_free_adr), edx)
 
 genop_discard_list = [Assembler386.not_implemented_op_discard] * rop._LAST
@@ -2666,11 +2534,6 @@
         num = getattr(rop, opname.upper())
         genop_list[num] = value
 
-def round_up_to_4(size):
-    if size < 4:
-        return 4
-    return size
-
 # XXX: ri386 migration shims:
 def addr_add(reg_or_imm1, reg_or_imm2, offset=0, scale=0):
     return AddressLoc(reg_or_imm1, reg_or_imm2, scale, offset)
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/jump.py b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/jump.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/jump.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/jump.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import sys
 from pypy.tool.pairtype import extendabletype
-from pypy.jit.backend.x86.regloc import ImmedLoc, StackLoc
+from pypy.jit.backend.x86.regloc import ImmediateAssemblerLocation, StackLoc
 
 def remap_frame_layout(assembler, src_locations, dst_locations, tmpreg):
     pending_dests = len(dst_locations)
@@ -12,12 +12,15 @@
         srccount[key] = 0
     for i in range(len(dst_locations)):
         src = src_locations[i]
-        if isinstance(src, ImmedLoc):
+        if isinstance(src, ImmediateAssemblerLocation):
             continue
         key = src._getregkey()
         if key in srccount:
             if key == dst_locations[i]._getregkey():
-                srccount[key] = -sys.maxint     # ignore a move "x = x"
+                # ignore a move "x = x"
+                # setting any "large enough" negative value is ok, but
+                # be careful of overflows, don't use -sys.maxint
+                srccount[key] = -len(dst_locations) - 1
                 pending_dests -= 1
             else:
                 srccount[key] += 1
@@ -31,7 +34,7 @@
                 srccount[key] = -1       # means "it's done"
                 pending_dests -= 1
                 src = src_locations[i]
-                if not isinstance(src, ImmedLoc):
+                if not isinstance(src, ImmediateAssemblerLocation):
                     key = src._getregkey()
                     if key in srccount:
                         srccount[key] -= 1
@@ -66,6 +69,13 @@
 
 def _move(assembler, src, dst, tmpreg):
     if dst.is_memory_reference() and src.is_memory_reference():
+        if isinstance(src, ImmediateAssemblerLocation):
+            assembler.regalloc_immedmem2mem(src, dst)
+            return
+        if tmpreg is None:
+            assembler.regalloc_push(src)
+            assembler.regalloc_pop(dst)
+            return
         assembler.regalloc_mov(src, tmpreg)
         src = tmpreg
     assembler.regalloc_mov(src, dst)
@@ -87,7 +97,7 @@
         dstloc = dst_locations2[i]
         if isinstance(loc, StackLoc):
             key = loc._getregkey()
-            if (key in dst_keys or (loc.width > WORD and
+            if (key in dst_keys or (loc.get_width() > WORD and
                                     (key + WORD) in dst_keys)):
                 assembler.regalloc_push(loc)
                 extrapushes.append(dstloc)
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/regalloc.py b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/regalloc.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/regalloc.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/regalloc.py
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 from pypy.jit.codewriter import heaptracker, longlong
 from pypy.jit.codewriter.effectinfo import EffectInfo
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.resoperation import rop
-from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import BaseFieldDescr, BaseArrayDescr
-from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import BaseCallDescr, BaseSizeDescr
+from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import FieldDescr, ArrayDescr
+from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import CallDescr, SizeDescr
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import InteriorFieldDescr
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.regalloc import FrameManager, RegisterManager,\
      TempBox, compute_vars_longevity, is_comparison_or_ovf_op
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 class X86RegisterManager(RegisterManager):
 
     box_types = [INT, REF]
-    all_regs = [eax, ecx, edx, ebx, esi, edi]
+    all_regs = [ecx, eax, edx, ebx, esi, edi]
     no_lower_byte_regs = [esi, edi]
     save_around_call_regs = [eax, edx, ecx]
     frame_reg = ebp
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
 
 class X86_64_RegisterManager(X86RegisterManager):
     # r11 omitted because it's used as scratch
-    all_regs = [eax, ecx, edx, ebx, esi, edi, r8, r9, r10, r12, r13, r14, r15]
+    all_regs = [ecx, eax, edx, ebx, esi, edi, r8, r9, r10, r12, r13, r14, r15]
     no_lower_byte_regs = []
     save_around_call_regs = [eax, ecx, edx, esi, edi, r8, r9, r10]
 
@@ -130,9 +130,9 @@
     @staticmethod
     def frame_pos(i, box_type):
         if IS_X86_32 and box_type == FLOAT:
-            return StackLoc(i, get_ebp_ofs(i+1), 2, box_type)
+            return StackLoc(i, get_ebp_ofs(i+1), box_type)
         else:
-            return StackLoc(i, get_ebp_ofs(i), 1, box_type)
+            return StackLoc(i, get_ebp_ofs(i), box_type)
     @staticmethod
     def frame_size(box_type):
         if IS_X86_32 and box_type == FLOAT:
@@ -165,6 +165,7 @@
         self.jump_target_descr = None
         self.close_stack_struct = 0
         self.final_jump_op = None
+        self.min_bytes_before_label = 0
 
     def _prepare(self, inputargs, operations, allgcrefs):
         self.fm = X86FrameManager()
@@ -173,22 +174,26 @@
         operations = cpu.gc_ll_descr.rewrite_assembler(cpu, operations,
                                                        allgcrefs)
         # compute longevity of variables
-        longevity, useful = self._compute_vars_longevity(inputargs, operations)
-        self.longevity = longevity
-        self.rm = gpr_reg_mgr_cls(longevity,
+        self._compute_vars_longevity(inputargs, operations)
+        self.rm = gpr_reg_mgr_cls(self.longevity,
                                   frame_manager = self.fm,
                                   assembler = self.assembler)
-        self.xrm = xmm_reg_mgr_cls(longevity, frame_manager = self.fm,
+        self.xrm = xmm_reg_mgr_cls(self.longevity, frame_manager = self.fm,
                                    assembler = self.assembler)
-        return operations, useful
+        return operations
 
     def prepare_loop(self, inputargs, operations, looptoken, allgcrefs):
-        operations, useful = self._prepare(inputargs, operations, allgcrefs)
-        return self._process_inputargs(inputargs, useful), operations
+        operations = self._prepare(inputargs, operations, allgcrefs)
+        self._set_initial_bindings(inputargs)
+        # note: we need to make a copy of inputargs because possibly_free_vars
+        # is also used on op args, which is a non-resizable list
+        self.possibly_free_vars(list(inputargs))
+        self.min_bytes_before_label = 13
+        return operations
 
     def prepare_bridge(self, prev_depths, inputargs, arglocs, operations,
                        allgcrefs):
-        operations, _ = self._prepare(inputargs, operations, allgcrefs)
+        operations = self._prepare(inputargs, operations, allgcrefs)
         self._update_bindings(arglocs, inputargs)
         self.param_depth = prev_depths[1]
         return operations
@@ -196,46 +201,56 @@
     def reserve_param(self, n):
         self.param_depth = max(self.param_depth, n)
 
-    def _process_inputargs(self, inputargs, useful):
-        # XXX we can sort out here by longevity if we need something
-        # more optimal
-        floatlocs = [None] * len(inputargs)
-        nonfloatlocs = [None] * len(inputargs)
-        # Don't use all_regs[0] for passing arguments around a loop.
-        # Must be kept in sync with consider_jump().
-        # XXX this should probably go to llsupport/regalloc.py
-        xmmtmp = self.xrm.free_regs.pop(0)
-        tmpreg = self.rm.free_regs.pop(0)
-        assert tmpreg == X86RegisterManager.all_regs[0]
-        assert xmmtmp == X86XMMRegisterManager.all_regs[0]
-        for i in range(len(inputargs)):
-            arg = inputargs[i]
-            assert not isinstance(arg, Const)
-            reg = None
-            if self.longevity[arg][1] > -1 and arg in useful:
-                if arg.type == FLOAT:
-                    # xxx is it really a good idea?  at the first CALL they
-                    # will all be flushed anyway
-                    reg = self.xrm.try_allocate_reg(arg)
+    def _set_initial_bindings(self, inputargs):
+        if IS_X86_64:
+            inputargs = self._set_initial_bindings_regs_64(inputargs)
+        #                   ...
+        # stack layout:     arg2
+        #                   arg1
+        #                   arg0
+        #                   return address
+        #                   saved ebp        <-- ebp points here
+        #                   ...
+        cur_frame_pos = - 1 - FRAME_FIXED_SIZE
+        assert get_ebp_ofs(cur_frame_pos-1) == 2*WORD
+        assert get_ebp_ofs(cur_frame_pos-2) == 3*WORD
+        #
+        for box in inputargs:
+            assert isinstance(box, Box)
+            #
+            if IS_X86_32 and box.type == FLOAT:
+                cur_frame_pos -= 2
+            else:
+                cur_frame_pos -= 1
+            loc = self.fm.frame_pos(cur_frame_pos, box.type)
+            self.fm.set_binding(box, loc)
+
+    def _set_initial_bindings_regs_64(self, inputargs):
+        # In reverse order for use with pop()
+        unused_gpr = [r9, r8, ecx, edx, esi, edi]
+        unused_xmm = [xmm7, xmm6, xmm5, xmm4, xmm3, xmm2, xmm1, xmm0]
+        #
+        pass_on_stack = []
+        #
+        for box in inputargs:
+            assert isinstance(box, Box)
+            #
+            if box.type == FLOAT:
+                if len(unused_xmm) > 0:
+                    ask = unused_xmm.pop()
+                    got = self.xrm.try_allocate_reg(box, selected_reg=ask)
+                    assert ask == got
                 else:
-                    reg = self.rm.try_allocate_reg(arg)
-            if reg:
-                loc = reg
+                    pass_on_stack.append(box)
             else:
-                loc = self.fm.loc(arg)
-            if arg.type == FLOAT:
-                floatlocs[i] = loc
-            else:
-                nonfloatlocs[i] = loc
-            # otherwise we have it saved on stack, so no worry
-        self.rm.free_regs.insert(0, tmpreg)
-        self.xrm.free_regs.insert(0, xmmtmp)
-        assert tmpreg not in nonfloatlocs
-        assert xmmtmp not in floatlocs
-        # note: we need to make a copy of inputargs because possibly_free_vars
-        # is also used on op args, which is a non-resizable list
-        self.possibly_free_vars(list(inputargs))
-        return nonfloatlocs, floatlocs
+                if len(unused_gpr) > 0:
+                    ask = unused_gpr.pop()
+                    got = self.rm.try_allocate_reg(box, selected_reg=ask)
+                    assert ask == got
+                else:
+                    pass_on_stack.append(box)
+        #
+        return pass_on_stack
 
     def possibly_free_var(self, var):
         if var.type == FLOAT:
@@ -436,10 +451,16 @@
             i += 1
         assert not self.rm.reg_bindings
         assert not self.xrm.reg_bindings
+        self.flush_loop()
         self.assembler.mc.mark_op(None) # end of the loop
 
+    def flush_loop(self):
+        # rare case: if the loop is too short, pad with NOPs
+        mc = self.assembler.mc
+        while mc.get_relative_pos() < self.min_bytes_before_label:
+            mc.NOP()
 
-    def loc(self, v):
+     def loc(self, v):
         if v is None: # xxx kludgy
             return None
         if v.type == FLOAT:
@@ -785,9 +806,9 @@
 
     def _consider_call(self, op, guard_not_forced_op=None):
         calldescr = op.getdescr()
-        assert isinstance(calldescr, BaseCallDescr)
+        assert isinstance(calldescr, CallDescr)
         assert len(calldescr.arg_classes) == op.numargs() - 1
-        size = calldescr.get_result_size(self.translate_support_code)
+        size = calldescr.get_result_size()
         sign = calldescr.is_result_signed()
         if sign:
             sign_loc = imm1
@@ -832,12 +853,15 @@
 
     consider_call_release_gil = consider_call_may_force
 
+    def consider_call_malloc_gc(self, op):
+        self._consider_call(op)
+
     def consider_call_assembler(self, op, guard_op):
         descr = op.getdescr()
         assert isinstance(descr, JitCellToken)
         jd = descr.outermost_jitdriver_sd
         assert jd is not None
-        size = jd.portal_calldescr.get_result_size(self.translate_support_code)
+        size = jd.portal_calldescr.get_result_size()
         vable_index = jd.index_of_virtualizable
         if vable_index >= 0:
             self.rm._sync_var(op.getarg(vable_index))
@@ -872,21 +896,10 @@
 
     consider_cond_call_gc_wb_array = consider_cond_call_gc_wb
 
-    def fastpath_malloc_fixedsize(self, op, descr):
-        assert isinstance(descr, BaseSizeDescr)
-        self._do_fastpath_malloc(op, descr.size, descr.tid)
-
-    def fastpath_malloc_varsize(self, op, arraydescr, num_elem):
-        assert isinstance(arraydescr, BaseArrayDescr)
-        ofs_length = arraydescr.get_ofs_length(self.translate_support_code)
-        basesize = arraydescr.get_base_size(self.translate_support_code)
-        itemsize = arraydescr.get_item_size(self.translate_support_code)
-        size = basesize + itemsize * num_elem
-        self._do_fastpath_malloc(op, size, arraydescr.tid)
-        self.assembler.set_new_array_length(eax, ofs_length, imm(num_elem))
-
-    def _do_fastpath_malloc(self, op, size, tid):
-        gc_ll_descr = self.assembler.cpu.gc_ll_descr
+    def consider_call_malloc_nursery(self, op):
+        size_box = op.getarg(0)
+        assert isinstance(size_box, ConstInt)
+        size = size_box.getint()
         self.rm.force_allocate_reg(op.result, selected_reg=eax)
         #
         # We need edx as a temporary, but otherwise don't save any more
@@ -895,86 +908,39 @@
         self.rm.force_allocate_reg(tmp_box, selected_reg=edx)
         self.rm.possibly_free_var(tmp_box)
         #
+        gc_ll_descr = self.assembler.cpu.gc_ll_descr
         self.assembler.malloc_cond(
             gc_ll_descr.get_nursery_free_addr(),
             gc_ll_descr.get_nursery_top_addr(),
-            size, tid,
-            )
-
-    def consider_new(self, op):
-        gc_ll_descr = self.assembler.cpu.gc_ll_descr
-        if gc_ll_descr.can_inline_malloc(op.getdescr()):
-            self.fastpath_malloc_fixedsize(op, op.getdescr())
-        else:
-            args = gc_ll_descr.args_for_new(op.getdescr())
-            arglocs = [imm(x) for x in args]
-            return self._call(op, arglocs)
-
-    def consider_new_with_vtable(self, op):
-        classint = op.getarg(0).getint()
-        descrsize = heaptracker.vtable2descr(self.assembler.cpu, classint)
-        if self.assembler.cpu.gc_ll_descr.can_inline_malloc(descrsize):
-            self.fastpath_malloc_fixedsize(op, descrsize)
-            self.assembler.set_vtable(eax, imm(classint))
-            # result of fastpath malloc is in eax
-        else:
-            args = self.assembler.cpu.gc_ll_descr.args_for_new(descrsize)
-            arglocs = [imm(x) for x in args]
-            arglocs.append(self.loc(op.getarg(0)))
-            return self._call(op, arglocs)
-
-    def consider_newstr(self, op):
-        loc = self.loc(op.getarg(0))
-        return self._call(op, [loc])
-
-    def consider_newunicode(self, op):
-        loc = self.loc(op.getarg(0))
-        return self._call(op, [loc])
-
-    def consider_new_array(self, op):
-        gc_ll_descr = self.assembler.cpu.gc_ll_descr
-        box_num_elem = op.getarg(0)
-        if isinstance(box_num_elem, ConstInt):
-            num_elem = box_num_elem.value
-            if gc_ll_descr.can_inline_malloc_varsize(op.getdescr(),
-                                                     num_elem):
-                self.fastpath_malloc_varsize(op, op.getdescr(), num_elem)
-                return
-        args = self.assembler.cpu.gc_ll_descr.args_for_new_array(
-            op.getdescr())
-        arglocs = [imm(x) for x in args]
-        arglocs.append(self.loc(box_num_elem))
-        self._call(op, arglocs)
+            size)
 
     def _unpack_arraydescr(self, arraydescr):
-        assert isinstance(arraydescr, BaseArrayDescr)
-        ofs_length = arraydescr.get_ofs_length(self.translate_support_code)
-        ofs = arraydescr.get_base_size(self.translate_support_code)
-        size = arraydescr.get_item_size(self.translate_support_code)
-        ptr = arraydescr.is_array_of_pointers()
+        assert isinstance(arraydescr, ArrayDescr)
+        ofs = arraydescr.basesize
+        size = arraydescr.itemsize
         sign = arraydescr.is_item_signed()
-        return size, ofs, ofs_length, ptr, sign
+        return size, ofs, sign
 
     def _unpack_fielddescr(self, fielddescr):
-        assert isinstance(fielddescr, BaseFieldDescr)
+        assert isinstance(fielddescr, FieldDescr)
         ofs = fielddescr.offset
-        size = fielddescr.get_field_size(self.translate_support_code)
-        ptr = fielddescr.is_pointer_field()
+        size = fielddescr.field_size
         sign = fielddescr.is_field_signed()
-        return imm(ofs), imm(size), ptr, sign
+        return imm(ofs), imm(size), sign
+    _unpack_fielddescr._always_inline_ = True
 
     def _unpack_interiorfielddescr(self, descr):
         assert isinstance(descr, InteriorFieldDescr)
         arraydescr = descr.arraydescr
-        ofs = arraydescr.get_base_size(self.translate_support_code)
-        itemsize = arraydescr.get_item_size(self.translate_support_code)
-        fieldsize = descr.fielddescr.get_field_size(self.translate_support_code)
+        ofs = arraydescr.basesize
+        itemsize = arraydescr.itemsize
+        fieldsize = descr.fielddescr.field_size
         sign = descr.fielddescr.is_field_signed()
         ofs += descr.fielddescr.offset
         return imm(ofs), imm(itemsize), imm(fieldsize), sign
 
     def consider_setfield_gc(self, op):
-        ofs_loc, size_loc, _, _ = self._unpack_fielddescr(op.getdescr())
+        ofs_loc, size_loc, _ = self._unpack_fielddescr(op.getdescr())
         assert isinstance(size_loc, ImmedLoc)
         if size_loc.value == 1:
             need_lower_byte = True
@@ -1032,7 +998,7 @@
     consider_unicodesetitem = consider_strsetitem
 
     def consider_setarrayitem_gc(self, op):
-        itemsize, ofs, _, _, _ = self._unpack_arraydescr(op.getdescr())
+        itemsize, ofs, _ = self._unpack_arraydescr(op.getdescr())
         args = op.getarglist()
         base_loc  = self.rm.make_sure_var_in_reg(op.getarg(0), args)
         if itemsize == 1:
@@ -1049,7 +1015,7 @@
     consider_setarrayitem_raw = consider_setarrayitem_gc
 
     def consider_getfield_gc(self, op):
-        ofs_loc, size_loc, _, sign = self._unpack_fielddescr(op.getdescr())
+        ofs_loc, size_loc, sign = self._unpack_fielddescr(op.getdescr())
         args = op.getarglist()
         base_loc = self.rm.make_sure_var_in_reg(op.getarg(0), args)
         self.rm.possibly_free_vars(args)
@@ -1065,7 +1031,7 @@
     consider_getfield_gc_pure = consider_getfield_gc
 
     def consider_getarrayitem_gc(self, op):
-        itemsize, ofs, _, _, sign = self._unpack_arraydescr(op.getdescr())
+        itemsize, ofs, sign = self._unpack_arraydescr(op.getdescr())
         args = op.getarglist()
         base_loc = self.rm.make_sure_var_in_reg(op.getarg(0), args)
         ofs_loc = self.rm.make_sure_var_in_reg(op.getarg(1), args)
@@ -1144,8 +1110,8 @@
 
     def consider_arraylen_gc(self, op):
         arraydescr = op.getdescr()
-        assert isinstance(arraydescr, BaseArrayDescr)
-        ofs = arraydescr.get_ofs_length(self.translate_support_code)
+        assert isinstance(arraydescr, ArrayDescr)
+        ofs = arraydescr.lendescr.offset
         args = op.getarglist()
         base_loc = self.rm.make_sure_var_in_reg(op.getarg(0), args)
         self.rm.possibly_free_vars_for_op(op)
@@ -1285,51 +1251,51 @@
         #   we would like the boxes to be after the jump.
 
     def _compute_hint_frame_locations_from_descr(self, descr):
-        nonfloatlocs, floatlocs = descr._x86_arglocs
+        arglocs = descr._x86_arglocs
         jump_op = self.final_jump_op
-        assert len(nonfloatlocs) == jump_op.numargs()
+        assert len(arglocs) == jump_op.numargs()
         for i in range(jump_op.numargs()):
             box = jump_op.getarg(i)
             if isinstance(box, Box):
-                loc = nonfloatlocs[i]
+                loc = arglocs[i]
                 if isinstance(loc, StackLoc):
-                    assert box.type != FLOAT
                     self.fm.hint_frame_locations[box] = loc
-                else:
-                    loc = floatlocs[i]
-                    if isinstance(loc, StackLoc):
-                        assert box.type == FLOAT
-                        self.fm.hint_frame_locations[box] = loc
 
     def consider_jump(self, op):
         assembler = self.assembler
         assert self.jump_target_descr is None
         descr = op.getdescr()
         assert isinstance(descr, TargetToken)
-        nonfloatlocs, floatlocs = descr._x86_arglocs
+        arglocs = descr._x86_arglocs
         self.jump_target_descr = descr
-        # compute 'tmploc' to be all_regs[0] by spilling what is there
-        box = TempBox()
-        box1 = TempBox()
-        tmpreg = X86RegisterManager.all_regs[0]
-        tmploc = self.rm.force_allocate_reg(box, selected_reg=tmpreg)
-        xmmtmp = X86XMMRegisterManager.all_regs[0]
-        self.xrm.force_allocate_reg(box1, selected_reg=xmmtmp)
         # Part about non-floats
-        # XXX we don't need a copy, we only just the original list
-        src_locations1 = [self.loc(op.getarg(i)) for i in range(op.numargs())
-                         if op.getarg(i).type != FLOAT]
-        assert tmploc not in nonfloatlocs
-        dst_locations1 = [loc for loc in nonfloatlocs if loc is not None]
+        src_locations1 = []
+        dst_locations1 = []
         # Part about floats
-        src_locations2 = [self.loc(op.getarg(i)) for i in range(op.numargs())
-                         if op.getarg(i).type == FLOAT]
-        dst_locations2 = [loc for loc in floatlocs if loc is not None]
+        src_locations2 = []
+        dst_locations2 = []
+        # Build the four lists
+        for i in range(op.numargs()):
+            box = op.getarg(i)
+            src_loc = self.loc(box)
+            dst_loc = arglocs[i]
+            if box.type != FLOAT:
+                src_locations1.append(src_loc)
+                dst_locations1.append(dst_loc)
+            else:
+                src_locations2.append(src_loc)
+                dst_locations2.append(dst_loc)
+        # Do we have a temp var?
+        if IS_X86_64:
+            tmpreg = X86_64_SCRATCH_REG
+            xmmtmp = X86_64_XMM_SCRATCH_REG
+        else:
+            tmpreg = None
+            xmmtmp = None
+        # Do the remapping
         remap_frame_layout_mixed(assembler,
-                                 src_locations1, dst_locations1, tmploc,
+                                 src_locations1, dst_locations1, tmpreg,
                                  src_locations2, dst_locations2, xmmtmp)
-        self.rm.possibly_free_var(box)
-        self.xrm.possibly_free_var(box1)
         self.possibly_free_vars_for_op(op)
         assembler.closing_jump(self.jump_target_descr)
 
@@ -1381,23 +1347,20 @@
         self.rm.force_allocate_frame_reg(op.result)
 
     def consider_label(self, op):
-        # XXX big refactoring needed?
         descr = op.getdescr()
         assert isinstance(descr, TargetToken)
         inputargs = op.getarglist()
-        floatlocs = [None] * len(inputargs)
-        nonfloatlocs = [None] * len(inputargs)
+        arglocs = [None] * len(inputargs)
         #
-        # we need to make sure that the tmpreg and xmmtmp are free
-        tmpreg = X86RegisterManager.all_regs[0]
-        tmpvar = TempBox()
-        self.rm.force_allocate_reg(tmpvar, selected_reg=tmpreg)
-        self.rm.possibly_free_var(tmpvar)
-        #
-        xmmtmp = X86XMMRegisterManager.all_regs[0]
-        tmpvar = TempBox()
-        self.xrm.force_allocate_reg(tmpvar, selected_reg=xmmtmp)
-        self.xrm.possibly_free_var(tmpvar)
+        # we use force_spill() on the boxes that are not going to be really
+        # used any more in the loop, but that are kept alive anyway
+        # by being in a next LABEL's or a JUMP's argument or fail_args
+        # of some guard
+        position = self.rm.position
+        for arg in inputargs:
+            assert isinstance(arg, Box)
+            if self.last_real_usage.get(arg, -1) <= position:
+                self.force_spill_var(arg)
         #
         # we need to make sure that no variable is stored in ebp
         for arg in inputargs:
@@ -1408,16 +1371,18 @@
         #
         for i in range(len(inputargs)):
             arg = inputargs[i]
-            assert not isinstance(arg, Const)
+            assert isinstance(arg, Box)
             loc = self.loc(arg)
-            assert not (loc is tmpreg or loc is xmmtmp or loc is ebp)
-            if arg.type == FLOAT:
-                floatlocs[i] = loc
-            else:
-                nonfloatlocs[i] = loc
+            assert loc is not ebp
+            arglocs[i] = loc
             if isinstance(loc, RegLoc):
                 self.fm.mark_as_free(arg)
-        descr._x86_arglocs = nonfloatlocs, floatlocs
+        #
+        # if we are too close to the start of the loop, the label's target may
+        # get overridden by redirect_call_assembler().  (rare case)
+        self.flush_loop()
+        #
+        descr._x86_arglocs = arglocs
         descr._x86_loop_code = self.assembler.mc.get_relative_pos()
         descr._x86_clt = self.assembler.current_clt
         self.assembler.target_tokens_currently_compiling[descr] = None
@@ -1431,23 +1396,6 @@
         if jump_op is not None and jump_op.getdescr() is descr:
             self._compute_hint_frame_locations_from_descr(descr)
 
-##        from pypy.rpython.annlowlevel import llhelper
-##        def fn(addr):
-##            print '...label:', hex(addr), nonfloatlocs
-##        FUNC = lltype.Ptr(lltype.FuncType([lltype.Signed], lltype.Void))
-##        ll_disp = llhelper(FUNC, fn)
-##        faddr = rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, ll_disp)
-##        for i in range(16):
-##            self.assembler.mc.PUSH_r(i)
-##        self.assembler.mc.CALL_l(0)
-##        self.assembler.mc.POP(edi)
-##        self.assembler.mc.MOV(r11, imm(faddr))
-##        self.assembler.mc.CALL(r11)
-##        for i in range(15, -1, -1):
-##            if i == esp.value:
-##                i -= 1
-##            self.assembler.mc.POP_r(i)
-
     def not_implemented_op(self, op):
         not_implemented("not implemented operation: %s" % op.getopname())
 
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/regloc.py b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/regloc.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/regloc.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/regloc.py
@@ -16,8 +16,7 @@
 #
 
 class AssemblerLocation(object):
-    # XXX: Is adding "width" here correct?
-    _attrs_ = ('value', 'width', '_location_code')
+    _attrs_ = ('value', '_location_code')
     _immutable_ = True
     def _getregkey(self):
         return self.value
@@ -28,6 +27,9 @@
     def location_code(self):
         return self._location_code
 
+    def get_width(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
     def value_r(self): return self.value
     def value_b(self): return self.value
     def value_s(self): return self.value
@@ -43,14 +45,21 @@
     _immutable_ = True
     _location_code = 'b'
 
-    def __init__(self, position, ebp_offset, num_words, type):
-        assert ebp_offset < 0   # so no confusion with RegLoc.value
+    def __init__(self, position, ebp_offset, type):
+        # _getregkey() returns self.value; the value returned must not
+        # conflict with RegLoc._getregkey().  It doesn't a bit by chance,
+        # so let it fail the following assert if it no longer does.
+        assert not (0 <= ebp_offset < 8 + 8 * IS_X86_64)
         self.position = position
         self.value = ebp_offset
-        self.width = num_words * WORD
         # One of INT, REF, FLOAT
         self.type = type
 
+    def get_width(self):
+        if self.type == FLOAT:
+            return 8
+        return WORD
+
     def __repr__(self):
         return '%d(%%ebp)' % (self.value,)
 
@@ -64,10 +73,8 @@
         self.value = regnum
         self.is_xmm = is_xmm
         if self.is_xmm:
-            self.width = 8
             self._location_code = 'x'
         else:
-            self.width = WORD
             self._location_code = 'r'
     def __repr__(self):
         if self.is_xmm:
@@ -75,6 +82,11 @@
         else:
             return rx86.R.names[self.value]
 
+    def get_width(self):
+        if self.is_xmm:
+            return 8
+        return WORD
+
     def lowest8bits(self):
         assert not self.is_xmm
         return RegLoc(rx86.low_byte(self.value), False)
@@ -92,9 +104,11 @@
         else:
             return eax
 
-class ImmedLoc(AssemblerLocation):
+class ImmediateAssemblerLocation(AssemblerLocation):
     _immutable_ = True
-    width = WORD
+
+class ImmedLoc(ImmediateAssemblerLocation):
+    _immutable_ = True
     _location_code = 'i'
 
     def __init__(self, value):
@@ -105,6 +119,9 @@
     def getint(self):
         return self.value
 
+    def get_width(self):
+        return WORD
+
     def __repr__(self):


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