[pypy-commit] pypy numpy-complex: merged default

alex_gaynor noreply at buildbot.pypy.org
Fri Oct 28 17:44:43 CEST 2011


Author: Alex Gaynor <alex.gaynor at gmail.com>
Branch: numpy-complex
Changeset: r48568:8f899b94cb87
Date: 2011-10-28 00:11 -0400
http://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/changeset/8f899b94cb87/

Log:	merged default

diff too long, truncating to 10000 out of 10937 lines

diff --git a/lib-python/modified-2.7/heapq.py b/lib-python/modified-2.7/heapq.py
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib-python/modified-2.7/heapq.py
@@ -0,0 +1,442 @@
+# -*- coding: latin-1 -*-
+
+"""Heap queue algorithm (a.k.a. priority queue).
+
+Heaps are arrays for which a[k] <= a[2*k+1] and a[k] <= a[2*k+2] for
+all k, counting elements from 0.  For the sake of comparison,
+non-existing elements are considered to be infinite.  The interesting
+property of a heap is that a[0] is always its smallest element.
+
+Usage:
+
+heap = []            # creates an empty heap
+heappush(heap, item) # pushes a new item on the heap
+item = heappop(heap) # pops the smallest item from the heap
+item = heap[0]       # smallest item on the heap without popping it
+heapify(x)           # transforms list into a heap, in-place, in linear time
+item = heapreplace(heap, item) # pops and returns smallest item, and adds
+                               # new item; the heap size is unchanged
+
+Our API differs from textbook heap algorithms as follows:
+
+- We use 0-based indexing.  This makes the relationship between the
+  index for a node and the indexes for its children slightly less
+  obvious, but is more suitable since Python uses 0-based indexing.
+
+- Our heappop() method returns the smallest item, not the largest.
+
+These two make it possible to view the heap as a regular Python list
+without surprises: heap[0] is the smallest item, and heap.sort()
+maintains the heap invariant!
+"""
+
+# Original code by Kevin O'Connor, augmented by Tim Peters and Raymond Hettinger
+
+__about__ = """Heap queues
+
+[explanation by Fran&#65533;ois Pinard]
+
+Heaps are arrays for which a[k] <= a[2*k+1] and a[k] <= a[2*k+2] for
+all k, counting elements from 0.  For the sake of comparison,
+non-existing elements are considered to be infinite.  The interesting
+property of a heap is that a[0] is always its smallest element.
+
+The strange invariant above is meant to be an efficient memory
+representation for a tournament.  The numbers below are `k', not a[k]:
+
+                                   0
+
+                  1                                 2
+
+          3               4                5               6
+
+      7       8       9       10      11      12      13      14
+
+    15 16   17 18   19 20   21 22   23 24   25 26   27 28   29 30
+
+
+In the tree above, each cell `k' is topping `2*k+1' and `2*k+2'.  In
+an usual binary tournament we see in sports, each cell is the winner
+over the two cells it tops, and we can trace the winner down the tree
+to see all opponents s/he had.  However, in many computer applications
+of such tournaments, we do not need to trace the history of a winner.
+To be more memory efficient, when a winner is promoted, we try to
+replace it by something else at a lower level, and the rule becomes
+that a cell and the two cells it tops contain three different items,
+but the top cell "wins" over the two topped cells.
+
+If this heap invariant is protected at all time, index 0 is clearly
+the overall winner.  The simplest algorithmic way to remove it and
+find the "next" winner is to move some loser (let's say cell 30 in the
+diagram above) into the 0 position, and then percolate this new 0 down
+the tree, exchanging values, until the invariant is re-established.
+This is clearly logarithmic on the total number of items in the tree.
+By iterating over all items, you get an O(n ln n) sort.
+
+A nice feature of this sort is that you can efficiently insert new
+items while the sort is going on, provided that the inserted items are
+not "better" than the last 0'th element you extracted.  This is
+especially useful in simulation contexts, where the tree holds all
+incoming events, and the "win" condition means the smallest scheduled
+time.  When an event schedule other events for execution, they are
+scheduled into the future, so they can easily go into the heap.  So, a
+heap is a good structure for implementing schedulers (this is what I
+used for my MIDI sequencer :-).
+
+Various structures for implementing schedulers have been extensively
+studied, and heaps are good for this, as they are reasonably speedy,
+the speed is almost constant, and the worst case is not much different
+than the average case.  However, there are other representations which
+are more efficient overall, yet the worst cases might be terrible.
+
+Heaps are also very useful in big disk sorts.  You most probably all
+know that a big sort implies producing "runs" (which are pre-sorted
+sequences, which size is usually related to the amount of CPU memory),
+followed by a merging passes for these runs, which merging is often
+very cleverly organised[1].  It is very important that the initial
+sort produces the longest runs possible.  Tournaments are a good way
+to that.  If, using all the memory available to hold a tournament, you
+replace and percolate items that happen to fit the current run, you'll
+produce runs which are twice the size of the memory for random input,
+and much better for input fuzzily ordered.
+
+Moreover, if you output the 0'th item on disk and get an input which
+may not fit in the current tournament (because the value "wins" over
+the last output value), it cannot fit in the heap, so the size of the
+heap decreases.  The freed memory could be cleverly reused immediately
+for progressively building a second heap, which grows at exactly the
+same rate the first heap is melting.  When the first heap completely
+vanishes, you switch heaps and start a new run.  Clever and quite
+effective!
+
+In a word, heaps are useful memory structures to know.  I use them in
+a few applications, and I think it is good to keep a `heap' module
+around. :-)
+
+--------------------
+[1] The disk balancing algorithms which are current, nowadays, are
+more annoying than clever, and this is a consequence of the seeking
+capabilities of the disks.  On devices which cannot seek, like big
+tape drives, the story was quite different, and one had to be very
+clever to ensure (far in advance) that each tape movement will be the
+most effective possible (that is, will best participate at
+"progressing" the merge).  Some tapes were even able to read
+backwards, and this was also used to avoid the rewinding time.
+Believe me, real good tape sorts were quite spectacular to watch!
+From all times, sorting has always been a Great Art! :-)
+"""
+
+__all__ = ['heappush', 'heappop', 'heapify', 'heapreplace', 'merge',
+           'nlargest', 'nsmallest', 'heappushpop']
+
+from itertools import islice, repeat, count, imap, izip, tee, chain
+from operator import itemgetter
+import bisect
+
+def heappush(heap, item):
+    """Push item onto heap, maintaining the heap invariant."""
+    heap.append(item)
+    _siftdown(heap, 0, len(heap)-1)
+
+def heappop(heap):
+    """Pop the smallest item off the heap, maintaining the heap invariant."""
+    lastelt = heap.pop()    # raises appropriate IndexError if heap is empty
+    if heap:
+        returnitem = heap[0]
+        heap[0] = lastelt
+        _siftup(heap, 0)
+    else:
+        returnitem = lastelt
+    return returnitem
+
+def heapreplace(heap, item):
+    """Pop and return the current smallest value, and add the new item.
+
+    This is more efficient than heappop() followed by heappush(), and can be
+    more appropriate when using a fixed-size heap.  Note that the value
+    returned may be larger than item!  That constrains reasonable uses of
+    this routine unless written as part of a conditional replacement:
+
+        if item > heap[0]:
+            item = heapreplace(heap, item)
+    """
+    returnitem = heap[0]    # raises appropriate IndexError if heap is empty
+    heap[0] = item
+    _siftup(heap, 0)
+    return returnitem
+
+def heappushpop(heap, item):
+    """Fast version of a heappush followed by a heappop."""
+    if heap and heap[0] < item:
+        item, heap[0] = heap[0], item
+        _siftup(heap, 0)
+    return item
+
+def heapify(x):
+    """Transform list into a heap, in-place, in O(len(heap)) time."""
+    n = len(x)
+    # Transform bottom-up.  The largest index there's any point to looking at
+    # is the largest with a child index in-range, so must have 2*i + 1 < n,
+    # or i < (n-1)/2.  If n is even = 2*j, this is (2*j-1)/2 = j-1/2 so
+    # j-1 is the largest, which is n//2 - 1.  If n is odd = 2*j+1, this is
+    # (2*j+1-1)/2 = j so j-1 is the largest, and that's again n//2-1.
+    for i in reversed(xrange(n//2)):
+        _siftup(x, i)
+
+def nlargest(n, iterable):
+    """Find the n largest elements in a dataset.
+
+    Equivalent to:  sorted(iterable, reverse=True)[:n]
+    """
+    if n < 0: # for consistency with the c impl
+        return []
+    it = iter(iterable)
+    result = list(islice(it, n))
+    if not result:
+        return result
+    heapify(result)
+    _heappushpop = heappushpop
+    for elem in it:
+        _heappushpop(result, elem)
+    result.sort(reverse=True)
+    return result
+
+def nsmallest(n, iterable):
+    """Find the n smallest elements in a dataset.
+
+    Equivalent to:  sorted(iterable)[:n]
+    """
+    if n < 0: # for consistency with the c impl
+        return []
+    if hasattr(iterable, '__len__') and n * 10 <= len(iterable):
+        # For smaller values of n, the bisect method is faster than a minheap.
+        # It is also memory efficient, consuming only n elements of space.
+        it = iter(iterable)
+        result = sorted(islice(it, 0, n))
+        if not result:
+            return result
+        insort = bisect.insort
+        pop = result.pop
+        los = result[-1]    # los --> Largest of the nsmallest
+        for elem in it:
+            if los <= elem:
+                continue
+            insort(result, elem)
+            pop()
+            los = result[-1]
+        return result
+    # An alternative approach manifests the whole iterable in memory but
+    # saves comparisons by heapifying all at once.  Also, saves time
+    # over bisect.insort() which has O(n) data movement time for every
+    # insertion.  Finding the n smallest of an m length iterable requires
+    #    O(m) + O(n log m) comparisons.
+    h = list(iterable)
+    heapify(h)
+    return map(heappop, repeat(h, min(n, len(h))))
+
+# 'heap' is a heap at all indices >= startpos, except possibly for pos.  pos
+# is the index of a leaf with a possibly out-of-order value.  Restore the
+# heap invariant.
+def _siftdown(heap, startpos, pos):
+    newitem = heap[pos]
+    # Follow the path to the root, moving parents down until finding a place
+    # newitem fits.
+    while pos > startpos:
+        parentpos = (pos - 1) >> 1
+        parent = heap[parentpos]
+        if newitem < parent:
+            heap[pos] = parent
+            pos = parentpos
+            continue
+        break
+    heap[pos] = newitem
+
+# The child indices of heap index pos are already heaps, and we want to make
+# a heap at index pos too.  We do this by bubbling the smaller child of
+# pos up (and so on with that child's children, etc) until hitting a leaf,
+# then using _siftdown to move the oddball originally at index pos into place.
+#
+# We *could* break out of the loop as soon as we find a pos where newitem <=
+# both its children, but turns out that's not a good idea, and despite that
+# many books write the algorithm that way.  During a heap pop, the last array
+# element is sifted in, and that tends to be large, so that comparing it
+# against values starting from the root usually doesn't pay (= usually doesn't
+# get us out of the loop early).  See Knuth, Volume 3, where this is
+# explained and quantified in an exercise.
+#
+# Cutting the # of comparisons is important, since these routines have no
+# way to extract "the priority" from an array element, so that intelligence
+# is likely to be hiding in custom __cmp__ methods, or in array elements
+# storing (priority, record) tuples.  Comparisons are thus potentially
+# expensive.
+#
+# On random arrays of length 1000, making this change cut the number of
+# comparisons made by heapify() a little, and those made by exhaustive
+# heappop() a lot, in accord with theory.  Here are typical results from 3
+# runs (3 just to demonstrate how small the variance is):
+#
+# Compares needed by heapify     Compares needed by 1000 heappops
+# --------------------------     --------------------------------
+# 1837 cut to 1663               14996 cut to 8680
+# 1855 cut to 1659               14966 cut to 8678
+# 1847 cut to 1660               15024 cut to 8703
+#
+# Building the heap by using heappush() 1000 times instead required
+# 2198, 2148, and 2219 compares:  heapify() is more efficient, when
+# you can use it.
+#
+# The total compares needed by list.sort() on the same lists were 8627,
+# 8627, and 8632 (this should be compared to the sum of heapify() and
+# heappop() compares):  list.sort() is (unsurprisingly!) more efficient
+# for sorting.
+
+def _siftup(heap, pos):
+    endpos = len(heap)
+    startpos = pos
+    newitem = heap[pos]
+    # Bubble up the smaller child until hitting a leaf.
+    childpos = 2*pos + 1    # leftmost child position
+    while childpos < endpos:
+        # Set childpos to index of smaller child.
+        rightpos = childpos + 1
+        if rightpos < endpos and not heap[childpos] < heap[rightpos]:
+            childpos = rightpos
+        # Move the smaller child up.
+        heap[pos] = heap[childpos]
+        pos = childpos
+        childpos = 2*pos + 1
+    # The leaf at pos is empty now.  Put newitem there, and bubble it up
+    # to its final resting place (by sifting its parents down).
+    heap[pos] = newitem
+    _siftdown(heap, startpos, pos)
+
+# If available, use C implementation
+try:
+    from _heapq import *
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+def merge(*iterables):
+    '''Merge multiple sorted inputs into a single sorted output.
+
+    Similar to sorted(itertools.chain(*iterables)) but returns a generator,
+    does not pull the data into memory all at once, and assumes that each of
+    the input streams is already sorted (smallest to largest).
+
+    >>> list(merge([1,3,5,7], [0,2,4,8], [5,10,15,20], [], [25]))
+    [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 7, 8, 10, 15, 20, 25]
+
+    '''
+    _heappop, _heapreplace, _StopIteration = heappop, heapreplace, StopIteration
+
+    h = []
+    h_append = h.append
+    for itnum, it in enumerate(map(iter, iterables)):
+        try:
+            next = it.next
+            h_append([next(), itnum, next])
+        except _StopIteration:
+            pass
+    heapify(h)
+
+    while 1:
+        try:
+            while 1:
+                v, itnum, next = s = h[0]   # raises IndexError when h is empty
+                yield v
+                s[0] = next()               # raises StopIteration when exhausted
+                _heapreplace(h, s)          # restore heap condition
+        except _StopIteration:
+            _heappop(h)                     # remove empty iterator
+        except IndexError:
+            return
+
+# Extend the implementations of nsmallest and nlargest to use a key= argument
+_nsmallest = nsmallest
+def nsmallest(n, iterable, key=None):
+    """Find the n smallest elements in a dataset.
+
+    Equivalent to:  sorted(iterable, key=key)[:n]
+    """
+    # Short-cut for n==1 is to use min() when len(iterable)>0
+    if n == 1:
+        it = iter(iterable)
+        head = list(islice(it, 1))
+        if not head:
+            return []
+        if key is None:
+            return [min(chain(head, it))]
+        return [min(chain(head, it), key=key)]
+
+    # When n>=size, it's faster to use sort()
+    try:
+        size = len(iterable)
+    except (TypeError, AttributeError):
+        pass
+    else:
+        if n >= size:
+            return sorted(iterable, key=key)[:n]
+
+    # When key is none, use simpler decoration
+    if key is None:
+        it = izip(iterable, count())                        # decorate
+        result = _nsmallest(n, it)
+        return map(itemgetter(0), result)                   # undecorate
+
+    # General case, slowest method
+    in1, in2 = tee(iterable)
+    it = izip(imap(key, in1), count(), in2)                 # decorate
+    result = _nsmallest(n, it)
+    return map(itemgetter(2), result)                       # undecorate
+
+_nlargest = nlargest
+def nlargest(n, iterable, key=None):
+    """Find the n largest elements in a dataset.
+
+    Equivalent to:  sorted(iterable, key=key, reverse=True)[:n]
+    """
+
+    # Short-cut for n==1 is to use max() when len(iterable)>0
+    if n == 1:
+        it = iter(iterable)
+        head = list(islice(it, 1))
+        if not head:
+            return []
+        if key is None:
+            return [max(chain(head, it))]
+        return [max(chain(head, it), key=key)]
+
+    # When n>=size, it's faster to use sort()
+    try:
+        size = len(iterable)
+    except (TypeError, AttributeError):
+        pass
+    else:
+        if n >= size:
+            return sorted(iterable, key=key, reverse=True)[:n]
+
+    # When key is none, use simpler decoration
+    if key is None:
+        it = izip(iterable, count(0,-1))                    # decorate
+        result = _nlargest(n, it)
+        return map(itemgetter(0), result)                   # undecorate
+
+    # General case, slowest method
+    in1, in2 = tee(iterable)
+    it = izip(imap(key, in1), count(0,-1), in2)             # decorate
+    result = _nlargest(n, it)
+    return map(itemgetter(2), result)                       # undecorate
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    # Simple sanity test
+    heap = []
+    data = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 2, 4, 6, 8, 0]
+    for item in data:
+        heappush(heap, item)
+    sort = []
+    while heap:
+        sort.append(heappop(heap))
+    print sort
+
+    import doctest
+    doctest.testmod()
diff --git a/lib-python/modified-2.7/json/encoder.py b/lib-python/modified-2.7/json/encoder.py
--- a/lib-python/modified-2.7/json/encoder.py
+++ b/lib-python/modified-2.7/json/encoder.py
@@ -2,14 +2,7 @@
 """
 import re
 
-try:
-    from _json import encode_basestring_ascii as c_encode_basestring_ascii
-except ImportError:
-    c_encode_basestring_ascii = None
-try:
-    from _json import make_encoder as c_make_encoder
-except ImportError:
-    c_make_encoder = None
+from __pypy__.builders import StringBuilder, UnicodeBuilder
 
 ESCAPE = re.compile(r'[\x00-\x1f\\"\b\f\n\r\t]')
 ESCAPE_ASCII = re.compile(r'([\\"]|[^\ -~])')
@@ -24,8 +17,7 @@
     '\t': '\\t',
 }
 for i in range(0x20):
-    ESCAPE_DCT.setdefault(chr(i), '\\u{0:04x}'.format(i))
-    #ESCAPE_DCT.setdefault(chr(i), '\\u%04x' % (i,))
+    ESCAPE_DCT.setdefault(chr(i), '\\u%04x' % (i,))
 
 # Assume this produces an infinity on all machines (probably not guaranteed)
 INFINITY = float('1e66666')
@@ -37,10 +29,9 @@
     """
     def replace(match):
         return ESCAPE_DCT[match.group(0)]
-    return '"' + ESCAPE.sub(replace, s) + '"'
+    return ESCAPE.sub(replace, s)
 
-
-def py_encode_basestring_ascii(s):
+def encode_basestring_ascii(s):
     """Return an ASCII-only JSON representation of a Python string
 
     """
@@ -53,20 +44,18 @@
         except KeyError:
             n = ord(s)
             if n < 0x10000:
-                return '\\u{0:04x}'.format(n)
-                #return '\\u%04x' % (n,)
+                return '\\u%04x' % (n,)
             else:
                 # surrogate pair
                 n -= 0x10000
                 s1 = 0xd800 | ((n >> 10) & 0x3ff)
                 s2 = 0xdc00 | (n & 0x3ff)
-                return '\\u{0:04x}\\u{1:04x}'.format(s1, s2)
-                #return '\\u%04x\\u%04x' % (s1, s2)
-    return '"' + str(ESCAPE_ASCII.sub(replace, s)) + '"'
-
-
-encode_basestring_ascii = (
-    c_encode_basestring_ascii or py_encode_basestring_ascii)
+                return '\\u%04x\\u%04x' % (s1, s2)
+    if ESCAPE_ASCII.search(s):
+        return str(ESCAPE_ASCII.sub(replace, s))
+    return s
+py_encode_basestring_ascii = lambda s: '"' + encode_basestring_ascii(s) + '"'
+c_encode_basestring_ascii = None
 
 class JSONEncoder(object):
     """Extensible JSON <http://json.org> encoder for Python data structures.
@@ -147,6 +136,17 @@
 
         self.skipkeys = skipkeys
         self.ensure_ascii = ensure_ascii
+        if ensure_ascii:
+            self.encoder = encode_basestring_ascii
+        else:
+            self.encoder = encode_basestring
+        if encoding != 'utf-8':
+            orig_encoder = self.encoder
+            def encoder(o):
+                if isinstance(o, str):
+                    o = o.decode(encoding)
+                return orig_encoder(o)
+            self.encoder = encoder
         self.check_circular = check_circular
         self.allow_nan = allow_nan
         self.sort_keys = sort_keys
@@ -184,24 +184,126 @@
         '{"foo": ["bar", "baz"]}'
 
         """
-        # This is for extremely simple cases and benchmarks.
+        if self.check_circular:
+            markers = {}
+        else:
+            markers = None
+        if self.ensure_ascii:
+            builder = StringBuilder()
+        else:
+            builder = UnicodeBuilder()
+        self._encode(o, markers, builder, 0)
+        return builder.build()
+
+    def _emit_indent(self, builder, _current_indent_level):
+        if self.indent is not None:
+            _current_indent_level += 1
+            newline_indent = '\n' + (' ' * (self.indent *
+                                            _current_indent_level))
+            separator = self.item_separator + newline_indent
+            builder.append(newline_indent)
+        else:
+            separator = self.item_separator
+        return separator, _current_indent_level
+
+    def _emit_unindent(self, builder, _current_indent_level):
+        if self.indent is not None:
+            builder.append('\n')
+            builder.append(' ' * (self.indent * (_current_indent_level - 1)))
+
+    def _encode(self, o, markers, builder, _current_indent_level):
         if isinstance(o, basestring):
-            if isinstance(o, str):
-                _encoding = self.encoding
-                if (_encoding is not None
-                        and not (_encoding == 'utf-8')):
-                    o = o.decode(_encoding)
-            if self.ensure_ascii:
-                return encode_basestring_ascii(o)
+            builder.append('"')
+            builder.append(self.encoder(o))
+            builder.append('"')
+        elif o is None:
+            builder.append('null')
+        elif o is True:
+            builder.append('true')
+        elif o is False:
+            builder.append('false')
+        elif isinstance(o, (int, long)):
+            builder.append(str(o))
+        elif isinstance(o, float):
+            builder.append(self._floatstr(o))
+        elif isinstance(o, (list, tuple)):
+            if not o:
+                builder.append('[]')
+                return
+            self._encode_list(o, markers, builder, _current_indent_level)
+        elif isinstance(o, dict):
+            if not o:
+                builder.append('{}')
+                return
+            self._encode_dict(o, markers, builder, _current_indent_level)
+        else:
+            self._mark_markers(markers, o)
+            res = self.default(o)
+            self._encode(res, markers, builder, _current_indent_level)
+            self._remove_markers(markers, o)
+            return res
+
+    def _encode_list(self, l, markers, builder, _current_indent_level):
+        self._mark_markers(markers, l)
+        builder.append('[')
+        first = True
+        separator, _current_indent_level = self._emit_indent(builder,
+                                                      _current_indent_level)
+        for elem in l:
+            if first:
+                first = False
             else:
-                return encode_basestring(o)
-        # This doesn't pass the iterator directly to ''.join() because the
-        # exceptions aren't as detailed.  The list call should be roughly
-        # equivalent to the PySequence_Fast that ''.join() would do.
-        chunks = self.iterencode(o, _one_shot=True)
-        if not isinstance(chunks, (list, tuple)):
-            chunks = list(chunks)
-        return ''.join(chunks)
+                builder.append(separator)
+            self._encode(elem, markers, builder, _current_indent_level)
+            del elem # XXX grumble
+        self._emit_unindent(builder, _current_indent_level)
+        builder.append(']')
+        self._remove_markers(markers, l)
+
+    def _encode_dict(self, d, markers, builder, _current_indent_level):
+        self._mark_markers(markers, d)
+        first = True
+        builder.append('{')
+        separator, _current_indent_level = self._emit_indent(builder,
+                                                         _current_indent_level)
+        if self.sort_keys:
+            items = sorted(d.items(), key=lambda kv: kv[0])
+        else:
+            items = d.iteritems()
+
+        for key, v in items:
+            if first:
+                first = False
+            else:
+                builder.append(separator)
+            if isinstance(key, basestring):
+                pass
+            # JavaScript is weakly typed for these, so it makes sense to
+            # also allow them.  Many encoders seem to do something like this.
+            elif isinstance(key, float):
+                key = self._floatstr(key)
+            elif key is True:
+                key = 'true'
+            elif key is False:
+                key = 'false'
+            elif key is None:
+                key = 'null'
+            elif isinstance(key, (int, long)):
+                key = str(key)
+            elif self.skipkeys:
+                continue
+            else:
+                raise TypeError("key " + repr(key) + " is not a string")
+            builder.append('"')
+            builder.append(self.encoder(key))
+            builder.append('"')
+            builder.append(self.key_separator)
+            self._encode(v, markers, builder, _current_indent_level)
+            del key
+            del v # XXX grumble
+        self._emit_unindent(builder, _current_indent_level)
+        builder.append('}')
+        self._remove_markers(markers, d)
 
     def iterencode(self, o, _one_shot=False):
         """Encode the given object and yield each string
@@ -217,86 +319,54 @@
             markers = {}
         else:
             markers = None
-        if self.ensure_ascii:
-            _encoder = encode_basestring_ascii
+        return self._iterencode(o, markers, 0)
+
+    def _floatstr(self, o):
+        # Check for specials.  Note that this type of test is processor
+        # and/or platform-specific, so do tests which don't depend on the
+        # internals.
+
+        if o != o:
+            text = 'NaN'
+        elif o == INFINITY:
+            text = 'Infinity'
+        elif o == -INFINITY:
+            text = '-Infinity'
         else:
-            _encoder = encode_basestring
-        if self.encoding != 'utf-8':
-            def _encoder(o, _orig_encoder=_encoder, _encoding=self.encoding):
-                if isinstance(o, str):
-                    o = o.decode(_encoding)
-                return _orig_encoder(o)
+            return FLOAT_REPR(o)
 
-        def floatstr(o, allow_nan=self.allow_nan,
-                _repr=FLOAT_REPR, _inf=INFINITY, _neginf=-INFINITY):
-            # Check for specials.  Note that this type of test is processor
-            # and/or platform-specific, so do tests which don't depend on the
-            # internals.
+        if not self.allow_nan:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Out of range float values are not JSON compliant: " +
+                repr(o))
 
-            if o != o:
-                text = 'NaN'
-            elif o == _inf:
-                text = 'Infinity'
-            elif o == _neginf:
-                text = '-Infinity'
-            else:
-                return _repr(o)
+        return text
 
-            if not allow_nan:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    "Out of range float values are not JSON compliant: " +
-                    repr(o))
+    def _mark_markers(self, markers, o):
+        if markers is not None:
+            if id(o) in markers:
+                raise ValueError("Circular reference detected")
+            markers[id(o)] = None
 
-            return text
+    def _remove_markers(self, markers, o):
+        if markers is not None:
+            del markers[id(o)]
 
-
-        if (_one_shot and c_make_encoder is not None
-                and not self.indent and not self.sort_keys):
-            _iterencode = c_make_encoder(
-                markers, self.default, _encoder, self.indent,
-                self.key_separator, self.item_separator, self.sort_keys,
-                self.skipkeys, self.allow_nan)
-        else:
-            _iterencode = _make_iterencode(
-                markers, self.default, _encoder, self.indent, floatstr,
-                self.key_separator, self.item_separator, self.sort_keys,
-                self.skipkeys, _one_shot)
-        return _iterencode(o, 0)
-
-def _make_iterencode(markers, _default, _encoder, _indent, _floatstr,
-        _key_separator, _item_separator, _sort_keys, _skipkeys, _one_shot,
-        ## HACK: hand-optimized bytecode; turn globals into locals
-        ValueError=ValueError,
-        basestring=basestring,
-        dict=dict,
-        float=float,
-        id=id,
-        int=int,
-        isinstance=isinstance,
-        list=list,
-        long=long,
-        str=str,
-        tuple=tuple,
-    ):
-
-    def _iterencode_list(lst, _current_indent_level):
+    def _iterencode_list(self, lst, markers, _current_indent_level):
         if not lst:
             yield '[]'
             return
-        if markers is not None:
-            markerid = id(lst)
-            if markerid in markers:
-                raise ValueError("Circular reference detected")
-            markers[markerid] = lst
+        self._mark_markers(markers, lst)
         buf = '['
-        if _indent is not None:
+        if self.indent is not None:
             _current_indent_level += 1
-            newline_indent = '\n' + (' ' * (_indent * _current_indent_level))
-            separator = _item_separator + newline_indent
+            newline_indent = '\n' + (' ' * (self.indent *
+                                            _current_indent_level))
+            separator = self.item_separator + newline_indent
             buf += newline_indent
         else:
             newline_indent = None
-            separator = _item_separator
+            separator = self.item_separator
         first = True
         for value in lst:
             if first:
@@ -304,7 +374,7 @@
             else:
                 buf = separator
             if isinstance(value, basestring):
-                yield buf + _encoder(value)
+                yield buf + '"' + self.encoder(value) + '"'
             elif value is None:
                 yield buf + 'null'
             elif value is True:
@@ -314,44 +384,43 @@
             elif isinstance(value, (int, long)):
                 yield buf + str(value)
             elif isinstance(value, float):
-                yield buf + _floatstr(value)
+                yield buf + self._floatstr(value)
             else:
                 yield buf
                 if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
-                    chunks = _iterencode_list(value, _current_indent_level)
+                    chunks = self._iterencode_list(value, markers,
+                                                   _current_indent_level)
                 elif isinstance(value, dict):
-                    chunks = _iterencode_dict(value, _current_indent_level)
+                    chunks = self._iterencode_dict(value, markers,
+                                                   _current_indent_level)
                 else:
-                    chunks = _iterencode(value, _current_indent_level)
+                    chunks = self._iterencode(value, markers,
+                                              _current_indent_level)
                 for chunk in chunks:
                     yield chunk
         if newline_indent is not None:
             _current_indent_level -= 1
-            yield '\n' + (' ' * (_indent * _current_indent_level))
+            yield '\n' + (' ' * (self.indent * _current_indent_level))
         yield ']'
-        if markers is not None:
-            del markers[markerid]
+        self._remove_markers(markers, lst)
 
-    def _iterencode_dict(dct, _current_indent_level):
+    def _iterencode_dict(self, dct, markers, _current_indent_level):
         if not dct:
             yield '{}'
             return
-        if markers is not None:
-            markerid = id(dct)
-            if markerid in markers:
-                raise ValueError("Circular reference detected")
-            markers[markerid] = dct
+        self._mark_markers(markers, dct)
         yield '{'
-        if _indent is not None:
+        if self.indent is not None:
             _current_indent_level += 1
-            newline_indent = '\n' + (' ' * (_indent * _current_indent_level))
-            item_separator = _item_separator + newline_indent
+            newline_indent = '\n' + (' ' * (self.indent *
+                                            _current_indent_level))
+            item_separator = self.item_separator + newline_indent
             yield newline_indent
         else:
             newline_indent = None
-            item_separator = _item_separator
+            item_separator = self.item_separator
         first = True
-        if _sort_keys:
+        if self.sort_keys:
             items = sorted(dct.items(), key=lambda kv: kv[0])
         else:
             items = dct.iteritems()
@@ -361,7 +430,7 @@
             # JavaScript is weakly typed for these, so it makes sense to
             # also allow them.  Many encoders seem to do something like this.
             elif isinstance(key, float):
-                key = _floatstr(key)
+                key = self._floatstr(key)
             elif key is True:
                 key = 'true'
             elif key is False:
@@ -370,7 +439,7 @@
                 key = 'null'
             elif isinstance(key, (int, long)):
                 key = str(key)
-            elif _skipkeys:
+            elif self.skipkeys:
                 continue
             else:
                 raise TypeError("key " + repr(key) + " is not a string")
@@ -378,10 +447,10 @@
                 first = False
             else:
                 yield item_separator
-            yield _encoder(key)
-            yield _key_separator
+            yield '"' + self.encoder(key) + '"'
+            yield self.key_separator
             if isinstance(value, basestring):
-                yield _encoder(value)
+                yield '"' + self.encoder(value) + '"'
             elif value is None:
                 yield 'null'
             elif value is True:
@@ -391,26 +460,28 @@
             elif isinstance(value, (int, long)):
                 yield str(value)
             elif isinstance(value, float):
-                yield _floatstr(value)
+                yield self._floatstr(value)
             else:
                 if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
-                    chunks = _iterencode_list(value, _current_indent_level)
+                    chunks = self._iterencode_list(value, markers,
+                                                   _current_indent_level)
                 elif isinstance(value, dict):
-                    chunks = _iterencode_dict(value, _current_indent_level)
+                    chunks = self._iterencode_dict(value, markers,
+                                                   _current_indent_level)
                 else:
-                    chunks = _iterencode(value, _current_indent_level)
+                    chunks = self._iterencode(value, markers,
+                                              _current_indent_level)
                 for chunk in chunks:
                     yield chunk
         if newline_indent is not None:
             _current_indent_level -= 1
-            yield '\n' + (' ' * (_indent * _current_indent_level))
+            yield '\n' + (' ' * (self.indent * _current_indent_level))
         yield '}'
-        if markers is not None:
-            del markers[markerid]
+        self._remove_markers(markers, dct)
 
-    def _iterencode(o, _current_indent_level):
+    def _iterencode(self, o, markers, _current_indent_level):
         if isinstance(o, basestring):
-            yield _encoder(o)
+            yield '"' + self.encoder(o) + '"'
         elif o is None:
             yield 'null'
         elif o is True:
@@ -420,23 +491,19 @@
         elif isinstance(o, (int, long)):
             yield str(o)
         elif isinstance(o, float):
-            yield _floatstr(o)
+            yield self._floatstr(o)
         elif isinstance(o, (list, tuple)):
-            for chunk in _iterencode_list(o, _current_indent_level):
+            for chunk in self._iterencode_list(o, markers,
+                                               _current_indent_level):
                 yield chunk
         elif isinstance(o, dict):
-            for chunk in _iterencode_dict(o, _current_indent_level):
+            for chunk in self._iterencode_dict(o, markers,
+                                               _current_indent_level):
                 yield chunk
         else:
-            if markers is not None:
-                markerid = id(o)
-                if markerid in markers:
-                    raise ValueError("Circular reference detected")
-                markers[markerid] = o
-            o = _default(o)
-            for chunk in _iterencode(o, _current_indent_level):
+            self._mark_markers(markers, o)
+            obj = self.default(o)
+            for chunk in self._iterencode(obj, markers,
+                                          _current_indent_level):
                 yield chunk
-            if markers is not None:
-                del markers[markerid]
-
-    return _iterencode
+            self._remove_markers(markers, o)
diff --git a/lib-python/modified-2.7/json/tests/test_unicode.py b/lib-python/modified-2.7/json/tests/test_unicode.py
--- a/lib-python/modified-2.7/json/tests/test_unicode.py
+++ b/lib-python/modified-2.7/json/tests/test_unicode.py
@@ -80,3 +80,9 @@
         self.assertEqual(type(json.loads(u'["a"]')[0]), unicode)
         # Issue 10038.
         self.assertEqual(type(json.loads('"foo"')), unicode)
+
+    def test_encode_not_utf_8(self):
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps('\xb1\xe6', encoding='iso8859-2'),
+                         '"\\u0105\\u0107"')
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps(['\xb1\xe6'], encoding='iso8859-2'),
+                         '["\\u0105\\u0107"]')
diff --git a/lib-python/modified-2.7/test/test_heapq.py b/lib-python/modified-2.7/test/test_heapq.py
--- a/lib-python/modified-2.7/test/test_heapq.py
+++ b/lib-python/modified-2.7/test/test_heapq.py
@@ -186,6 +186,11 @@
         self.assertFalse(sys.modules['heapq'] is self.module)
         self.assertTrue(hasattr(self.module.heapify, 'func_code'))
 
+    def test_islice_protection(self):
+        m = self.module
+        self.assertFalse(m.nsmallest(-1, [1]))
+        self.assertFalse(m.nlargest(-1, [1]))
+
 
 class TestHeapC(TestHeap):
     module = c_heapq
diff --git a/lib-python/modified-2.7/urllib2.py b/lib-python/modified-2.7/urllib2.py
--- a/lib-python/modified-2.7/urllib2.py
+++ b/lib-python/modified-2.7/urllib2.py
@@ -395,11 +395,7 @@
         meth_name = protocol+"_response"
         for processor in self.process_response.get(protocol, []):
             meth = getattr(processor, meth_name)
-            try:
-                response = meth(req, response)
-            except:
-                response.close()
-                raise
+            response = meth(req, response)
 
         return response
 
diff --git a/lib_pypy/pyrepl/readline.py b/lib_pypy/pyrepl/readline.py
--- a/lib_pypy/pyrepl/readline.py
+++ b/lib_pypy/pyrepl/readline.py
@@ -395,9 +395,21 @@
     _wrapper.f_in = f_in
     _wrapper.f_out = f_out
 
-    if hasattr(sys, '__raw_input__'):    # PyPy
-        _old_raw_input = sys.__raw_input__
+    if '__pypy__' in sys.builtin_module_names:    # PyPy
+
+        def _old_raw_input(prompt=''):
+            # sys.__raw_input__() is only called when stdin and stdout are
+            # as expected and are ttys.  If it is the case, then get_reader()
+            # should not really fail in _wrapper.raw_input().  If it still
+            # does, then we will just cancel the redirection and call again
+            # the built-in raw_input().
+            try:
+                del sys.__raw_input__
+            except AttributeError:
+                pass
+            return raw_input(prompt)
         sys.__raw_input__ = _wrapper.raw_input
+
     else:
         # this is not really what readline.c does.  Better than nothing I guess
         import __builtin__
diff --git a/pypy/config/pypyoption.py b/pypy/config/pypyoption.py
--- a/pypy/config/pypyoption.py
+++ b/pypy/config/pypyoption.py
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@
     del working_modules['fcntl']  # LOCK_NB not defined
     del working_modules["_minimal_curses"]
     del working_modules["termios"]
+    del working_modules["_multiprocessing"]   # depends on rctime
 
 
 
diff --git a/pypy/doc/project-ideas.rst b/pypy/doc/project-ideas.rst
--- a/pypy/doc/project-ideas.rst
+++ b/pypy/doc/project-ideas.rst
@@ -17,6 +17,12 @@
 projects, or anything else in PyPy, pop up on IRC or write to us on the
 `mailing list`_.
 
+Make big integers faster
+-------------------------
+
+PyPy's implementation of the Python ``long`` type is slower than CPython's.
+Find out why and optimize them.
+
 Numpy improvements
 ------------------
 
diff --git a/pypy/interpreter/astcompiler/ast.py b/pypy/interpreter/astcompiler/ast.py
--- a/pypy/interpreter/astcompiler/ast.py
+++ b/pypy/interpreter/astcompiler/ast.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 from pypy.interpreter.baseobjspace import Wrappable
 from pypy.interpreter import typedef
 from pypy.interpreter.gateway import interp2app
-from pypy.interpreter.error import OperationError
+from pypy.interpreter.error import OperationError, operationerrfmt
 from pypy.rlib.unroll import unrolling_iterable
 from pypy.tool.pairtype import extendabletype
 from pypy.tool.sourcetools import func_with_new_name
@@ -2925,14 +2925,13 @@
 def Module_get_body(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'body'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     if w_self.w_body is None:
         if w_self.body is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.body]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_body = w_list
     return w_self.w_body
 
@@ -2968,14 +2967,13 @@
 def Interactive_get_body(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'body'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     if w_self.w_body is None:
         if w_self.body is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.body]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_body = w_list
     return w_self.w_body
 
@@ -3015,8 +3013,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'body'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     return space.wrap(w_self.body)
 
 def Expression_set_body(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -3057,14 +3054,13 @@
 def Suite_get_body(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'body'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     if w_self.w_body is None:
         if w_self.body is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.body]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_body = w_list
     return w_self.w_body
 
@@ -3104,8 +3100,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & w_self._lineno_mask:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'lineno'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'lineno')
     return space.wrap(w_self.lineno)
 
 def stmt_set_lineno(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -3126,8 +3121,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & w_self._col_offset_mask:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'col_offset'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'col_offset')
     return space.wrap(w_self.col_offset)
 
 def stmt_set_col_offset(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -3157,8 +3151,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'name'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'name')
     return space.wrap(w_self.name)
 
 def FunctionDef_set_name(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -3179,8 +3172,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'args'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'args')
     return space.wrap(w_self.args)
 
 def FunctionDef_set_args(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -3197,14 +3189,13 @@
 def FunctionDef_get_body(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'body'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     if w_self.w_body is None:
         if w_self.body is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.body]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_body = w_list
     return w_self.w_body
 
@@ -3215,14 +3206,13 @@
 def FunctionDef_get_decorator_list(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'decorator_list'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'decorator_list')
     if w_self.w_decorator_list is None:
         if w_self.decorator_list is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.decorator_list]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_decorator_list = w_list
     return w_self.w_decorator_list
 
@@ -3266,8 +3256,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'name'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'name')
     return space.wrap(w_self.name)
 
 def ClassDef_set_name(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -3284,14 +3273,13 @@
 def ClassDef_get_bases(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'bases'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'bases')
     if w_self.w_bases is None:
         if w_self.bases is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.bases]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_bases = w_list
     return w_self.w_bases
 
@@ -3302,14 +3290,13 @@
 def ClassDef_get_body(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'body'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     if w_self.w_body is None:
         if w_self.body is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.body]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_body = w_list
     return w_self.w_body
 
@@ -3320,14 +3307,13 @@
 def ClassDef_get_decorator_list(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'decorator_list'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'decorator_list')
     if w_self.w_decorator_list is None:
         if w_self.decorator_list is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.decorator_list]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_decorator_list = w_list
     return w_self.w_decorator_list
 
@@ -3372,8 +3358,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'value'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'value')
     return space.wrap(w_self.value)
 
 def Return_set_value(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -3414,14 +3399,13 @@
 def Delete_get_targets(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'targets'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'targets')
     if w_self.w_targets is None:
         if w_self.targets is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.targets]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_targets = w_list
     return w_self.w_targets
 
@@ -3457,14 +3441,13 @@
 def Assign_get_targets(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'targets'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'targets')
     if w_self.w_targets is None:
         if w_self.targets is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.targets]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_targets = w_list
     return w_self.w_targets
 
@@ -3479,8 +3462,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'value'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'value')
     return space.wrap(w_self.value)
 
 def Assign_set_value(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -3527,8 +3509,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'target'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'target')
     return space.wrap(w_self.target)
 
 def AugAssign_set_target(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -3549,8 +3530,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'op'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'op')
     return operator_to_class[w_self.op - 1]()
 
 def AugAssign_set_op(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -3573,8 +3553,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'value'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'value')
     return space.wrap(w_self.value)
 
 def AugAssign_set_value(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -3621,8 +3600,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'dest'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'dest')
     return space.wrap(w_self.dest)
 
 def Print_set_dest(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -3639,14 +3617,13 @@
 def Print_get_values(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'values'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'values')
     if w_self.w_values is None:
         if w_self.values is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.values]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_values = w_list
     return w_self.w_values
 
@@ -3661,8 +3638,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'nl'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'nl')
     return space.wrap(w_self.nl)
 
 def Print_set_nl(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -3710,8 +3686,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'target'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'target')
     return space.wrap(w_self.target)
 
 def For_set_target(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -3732,8 +3707,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'iter'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'iter')
     return space.wrap(w_self.iter)
 
 def For_set_iter(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -3750,14 +3724,13 @@
 def For_get_body(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'body'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     if w_self.w_body is None:
         if w_self.body is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.body]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_body = w_list
     return w_self.w_body
 
@@ -3768,14 +3741,13 @@
 def For_get_orelse(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'orelse'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'orelse')
     if w_self.w_orelse is None:
         if w_self.orelse is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.orelse]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_orelse = w_list
     return w_self.w_orelse
 
@@ -3819,8 +3791,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'test'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'test')
     return space.wrap(w_self.test)
 
 def While_set_test(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -3837,14 +3808,13 @@
 def While_get_body(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'body'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     if w_self.w_body is None:
         if w_self.body is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.body]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_body = w_list
     return w_self.w_body
 
@@ -3855,14 +3825,13 @@
 def While_get_orelse(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'orelse'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'orelse')
     if w_self.w_orelse is None:
         if w_self.orelse is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.orelse]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_orelse = w_list
     return w_self.w_orelse
 
@@ -3905,8 +3874,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'test'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'test')
     return space.wrap(w_self.test)
 
 def If_set_test(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -3923,14 +3891,13 @@
 def If_get_body(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'body'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     if w_self.w_body is None:
         if w_self.body is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.body]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_body = w_list
     return w_self.w_body
 
@@ -3941,14 +3908,13 @@
 def If_get_orelse(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'orelse'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'orelse')
     if w_self.w_orelse is None:
         if w_self.orelse is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.orelse]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_orelse = w_list
     return w_self.w_orelse
 
@@ -3991,8 +3957,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'context_expr'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'context_expr')
     return space.wrap(w_self.context_expr)
 
 def With_set_context_expr(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -4013,8 +3978,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'optional_vars'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'optional_vars')
     return space.wrap(w_self.optional_vars)
 
 def With_set_optional_vars(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -4031,14 +3995,13 @@
 def With_get_body(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'body'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     if w_self.w_body is None:
         if w_self.body is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.body]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_body = w_list
     return w_self.w_body
 
@@ -4080,8 +4043,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'type'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'type')
     return space.wrap(w_self.type)
 
 def Raise_set_type(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -4102,8 +4064,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'inst'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'inst')
     return space.wrap(w_self.inst)
 
 def Raise_set_inst(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -4124,8 +4085,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'tback'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'tback')
     return space.wrap(w_self.tback)
 
 def Raise_set_tback(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -4168,14 +4128,13 @@
 def TryExcept_get_body(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'body'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     if w_self.w_body is None:
         if w_self.body is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.body]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_body = w_list
     return w_self.w_body
 
@@ -4186,14 +4145,13 @@
 def TryExcept_get_handlers(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'handlers'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'handlers')
     if w_self.w_handlers is None:
         if w_self.handlers is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.handlers]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_handlers = w_list
     return w_self.w_handlers
 
@@ -4204,14 +4162,13 @@
 def TryExcept_get_orelse(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'orelse'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'orelse')
     if w_self.w_orelse is None:
         if w_self.orelse is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.orelse]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_orelse = w_list
     return w_self.w_orelse
 
@@ -4251,14 +4208,13 @@
 def TryFinally_get_body(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'body'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     if w_self.w_body is None:
         if w_self.body is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.body]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_body = w_list
     return w_self.w_body
 
@@ -4269,14 +4225,13 @@
 def TryFinally_get_finalbody(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'finalbody'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'finalbody')
     if w_self.w_finalbody is None:
         if w_self.finalbody is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.finalbody]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_finalbody = w_list
     return w_self.w_finalbody
 
@@ -4318,8 +4273,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'test'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'test')
     return space.wrap(w_self.test)
 
 def Assert_set_test(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -4340,8 +4294,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'msg'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'msg')
     return space.wrap(w_self.msg)
 
 def Assert_set_msg(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -4383,14 +4336,13 @@
 def Import_get_names(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'names'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'names')
     if w_self.w_names is None:
         if w_self.names is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.names]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_names = w_list
     return w_self.w_names
 
@@ -4430,8 +4382,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'module'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'module')
     return space.wrap(w_self.module)
 
 def ImportFrom_set_module(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -4451,14 +4402,13 @@
 def ImportFrom_get_names(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'names'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'names')
     if w_self.w_names is None:
         if w_self.names is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.names]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_names = w_list
     return w_self.w_names
 
@@ -4473,8 +4423,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'level'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'level')
     return space.wrap(w_self.level)
 
 def ImportFrom_set_level(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -4522,8 +4471,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'body'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     return space.wrap(w_self.body)
 
 def Exec_set_body(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -4544,8 +4492,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'globals'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'globals')
     return space.wrap(w_self.globals)
 
 def Exec_set_globals(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -4566,8 +4513,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'locals'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'locals')
     return space.wrap(w_self.locals)
 
 def Exec_set_locals(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -4610,14 +4556,13 @@
 def Global_get_names(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'names'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'names')
     if w_self.w_names is None:
         if w_self.names is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.names]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_names = w_list
     return w_self.w_names
 
@@ -4657,8 +4602,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'value'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'value')
     return space.wrap(w_self.value)
 
 def Expr_set_value(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -4754,8 +4698,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & w_self._lineno_mask:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'lineno'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'lineno')
     return space.wrap(w_self.lineno)
 
 def expr_set_lineno(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -4776,8 +4719,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & w_self._col_offset_mask:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'col_offset'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'col_offset')
     return space.wrap(w_self.col_offset)
 
 def expr_set_col_offset(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -4807,8 +4749,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'op'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'op')
     return boolop_to_class[w_self.op - 1]()
 
 def BoolOp_set_op(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -4827,14 +4768,13 @@
 def BoolOp_get_values(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'values'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'values')
     if w_self.w_values is None:
         if w_self.values is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.values]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_values = w_list
     return w_self.w_values
 
@@ -4875,8 +4815,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'left'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'left')
     return space.wrap(w_self.left)
 
 def BinOp_set_left(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -4897,8 +4836,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'op'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'op')
     return operator_to_class[w_self.op - 1]()
 
 def BinOp_set_op(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -4921,8 +4859,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'right'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'right')
     return space.wrap(w_self.right)
 
 def BinOp_set_right(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -4969,8 +4906,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'op'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'op')
     return unaryop_to_class[w_self.op - 1]()
 
 def UnaryOp_set_op(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -4993,8 +4929,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'operand'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'operand')
     return space.wrap(w_self.operand)
 
 def UnaryOp_set_operand(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -5040,8 +4975,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'args'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'args')
     return space.wrap(w_self.args)
 
 def Lambda_set_args(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -5062,8 +4996,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'body'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     return space.wrap(w_self.body)
 
 def Lambda_set_body(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -5109,8 +5042,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'test'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'test')
     return space.wrap(w_self.test)
 
 def IfExp_set_test(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -5131,8 +5063,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'body'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     return space.wrap(w_self.body)
 
 def IfExp_set_body(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -5153,8 +5084,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'orelse'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'orelse')
     return space.wrap(w_self.orelse)
 
 def IfExp_set_orelse(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -5197,14 +5127,13 @@
 def Dict_get_keys(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'keys'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'keys')
     if w_self.w_keys is None:
         if w_self.keys is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.keys]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_keys = w_list
     return w_self.w_keys
 
@@ -5215,14 +5144,13 @@
 def Dict_get_values(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'values'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'values')
     if w_self.w_values is None:
         if w_self.values is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.values]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_values = w_list
     return w_self.w_values
 
@@ -5260,14 +5188,13 @@
 def Set_get_elts(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'elts'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'elts')
     if w_self.w_elts is None:
         if w_self.elts is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.elts]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_elts = w_list
     return w_self.w_elts
 
@@ -5307,8 +5234,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'elt'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'elt')
     return space.wrap(w_self.elt)
 
 def ListComp_set_elt(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -5325,14 +5251,13 @@
 def ListComp_get_generators(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'generators'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'generators')
     if w_self.w_generators is None:
         if w_self.generators is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.generators]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_generators = w_list
     return w_self.w_generators
 
@@ -5373,8 +5298,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'elt'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'elt')
     return space.wrap(w_self.elt)
 
 def SetComp_set_elt(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -5391,14 +5315,13 @@
 def SetComp_get_generators(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'generators'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'generators')
     if w_self.w_generators is None:
         if w_self.generators is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.generators]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_generators = w_list
     return w_self.w_generators
 
@@ -5439,8 +5362,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'key'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'key')
     return space.wrap(w_self.key)
 
 def DictComp_set_key(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -5461,8 +5383,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'value'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'value')
     return space.wrap(w_self.value)
 
 def DictComp_set_value(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -5479,14 +5400,13 @@
 def DictComp_get_generators(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'generators'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'generators')
     if w_self.w_generators is None:
         if w_self.generators is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.generators]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_generators = w_list
     return w_self.w_generators
 
@@ -5528,8 +5448,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'elt'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'elt')
     return space.wrap(w_self.elt)
 
 def GeneratorExp_set_elt(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -5546,14 +5465,13 @@
 def GeneratorExp_get_generators(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'generators'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'generators')
     if w_self.w_generators is None:
         if w_self.generators is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.generators]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_generators = w_list
     return w_self.w_generators
 
@@ -5594,8 +5512,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'value'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'value')
     return space.wrap(w_self.value)
 
 def Yield_set_value(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -5640,8 +5557,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'left'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'left')
     return space.wrap(w_self.left)
 
 def Compare_set_left(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -5658,14 +5574,13 @@
 def Compare_get_ops(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'ops'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'ops')
     if w_self.w_ops is None:
         if w_self.ops is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [cmpop_to_class[node - 1]() for node in w_self.ops]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_ops = w_list
     return w_self.w_ops
 
@@ -5676,14 +5591,13 @@
 def Compare_get_comparators(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'comparators'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'comparators')
     if w_self.w_comparators is None:
         if w_self.comparators is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.comparators]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_comparators = w_list
     return w_self.w_comparators
 
@@ -5726,8 +5640,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'func'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'func')
     return space.wrap(w_self.func)
 
 def Call_set_func(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -5744,14 +5657,13 @@
 def Call_get_args(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'args'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'args')
     if w_self.w_args is None:
         if w_self.args is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.args]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_args = w_list
     return w_self.w_args
 
@@ -5762,14 +5674,13 @@
 def Call_get_keywords(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'keywords'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'keywords')
     if w_self.w_keywords is None:
         if w_self.keywords is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.keywords]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_keywords = w_list
     return w_self.w_keywords
 
@@ -5784,8 +5695,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'starargs'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'starargs')
     return space.wrap(w_self.starargs)
 
 def Call_set_starargs(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -5806,8 +5716,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 16:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'kwargs'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'kwargs')
     return space.wrap(w_self.kwargs)
 
 def Call_set_kwargs(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -5858,8 +5767,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'value'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'value')
     return space.wrap(w_self.value)
 
 def Repr_set_value(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -5904,8 +5812,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'n'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'n')
     return w_self.n
 
 def Num_set_n(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -5950,8 +5857,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 's'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 's')
     return w_self.s
 
 def Str_set_s(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -5996,8 +5902,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'value'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'value')
     return space.wrap(w_self.value)
 
 def Attribute_set_value(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -6018,8 +5923,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'attr'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'attr')
     return space.wrap(w_self.attr)
 
 def Attribute_set_attr(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -6040,8 +5944,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'ctx'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'ctx')
     return expr_context_to_class[w_self.ctx - 1]()
 
 def Attribute_set_ctx(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -6090,8 +5993,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'value'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'value')
     return space.wrap(w_self.value)
 
 def Subscript_set_value(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -6112,8 +6014,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'slice'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'slice')
     return space.wrap(w_self.slice)
 
 def Subscript_set_slice(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -6134,8 +6035,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'ctx'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'ctx')
     return expr_context_to_class[w_self.ctx - 1]()
 
 def Subscript_set_ctx(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -6184,8 +6084,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'id'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'id')
     return space.wrap(w_self.id)
 
 def Name_set_id(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -6206,8 +6105,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'ctx'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'ctx')
     return expr_context_to_class[w_self.ctx - 1]()
 
 def Name_set_ctx(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -6251,14 +6149,13 @@
 def List_get_elts(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'elts'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'elts')
     if w_self.w_elts is None:
         if w_self.elts is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.elts]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_elts = w_list
     return w_self.w_elts
 
@@ -6273,8 +6170,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'ctx'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'ctx')
     return expr_context_to_class[w_self.ctx - 1]()
 
 def List_set_ctx(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -6319,14 +6215,13 @@
 def Tuple_get_elts(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'elts'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'elts')
     if w_self.w_elts is None:
         if w_self.elts is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.elts]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_elts = w_list
     return w_self.w_elts
 
@@ -6341,8 +6236,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'ctx'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'ctx')
     return expr_context_to_class[w_self.ctx - 1]()
 
 def Tuple_set_ctx(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -6391,8 +6285,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'value'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'value')
     return w_self.value
 
 def Const_set_value(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -6510,8 +6403,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'lower'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'lower')
     return space.wrap(w_self.lower)
 
 def Slice_set_lower(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -6532,8 +6424,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'upper'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'upper')
     return space.wrap(w_self.upper)
 
 def Slice_set_upper(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -6554,8 +6445,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'step'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'step')
     return space.wrap(w_self.step)
 
 def Slice_set_step(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -6598,14 +6488,13 @@
 def ExtSlice_get_dims(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'dims'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'dims')
     if w_self.w_dims is None:
         if w_self.dims is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.dims]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_dims = w_list
     return w_self.w_dims
 
@@ -6645,8 +6534,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'value'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'value')
     return space.wrap(w_self.value)
 
 def Index_set_value(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -6915,8 +6803,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'target'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'target')
     return space.wrap(w_self.target)
 
 def comprehension_set_target(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -6937,8 +6824,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'iter'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'iter')
     return space.wrap(w_self.iter)
 
 def comprehension_set_iter(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -6955,14 +6841,13 @@
 def comprehension_get_ifs(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'ifs'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'ifs')
     if w_self.w_ifs is None:
         if w_self.ifs is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.ifs]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_ifs = w_list
     return w_self.w_ifs
 
@@ -7004,8 +6889,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & w_self._lineno_mask:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'lineno'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'lineno')
     return space.wrap(w_self.lineno)
 
 def excepthandler_set_lineno(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -7026,8 +6910,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & w_self._col_offset_mask:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'col_offset'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'col_offset')
     return space.wrap(w_self.col_offset)
 
 def excepthandler_set_col_offset(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -7057,8 +6940,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'type'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'type')
     return space.wrap(w_self.type)
 
 def ExceptHandler_set_type(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -7079,8 +6961,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'name'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'name')
     return space.wrap(w_self.name)
 
 def ExceptHandler_set_name(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -7097,14 +6978,13 @@
 def ExceptHandler_get_body(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'body'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'body')
     if w_self.w_body is None:
         if w_self.body is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.body]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_body = w_list
     return w_self.w_body
 
@@ -7142,14 +7022,13 @@
 def arguments_get_args(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'args'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'args')
     if w_self.w_args is None:
         if w_self.args is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.args]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_args = w_list
     return w_self.w_args
 
@@ -7164,8 +7043,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'vararg'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'vararg')
     return space.wrap(w_self.vararg)
 
 def arguments_set_vararg(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -7189,8 +7067,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 4:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'kwarg'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'kwarg')
     return space.wrap(w_self.kwarg)
 
 def arguments_set_kwarg(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -7210,14 +7087,13 @@
 def arguments_get_defaults(space, w_self):
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 8:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'defaults'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'defaults')
     if w_self.w_defaults is None:
         if w_self.defaults is None:
-            w_list = space.newlist([])
+            list_w = []
         else:
             list_w = [space.wrap(node) for node in w_self.defaults]
-            w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
+        w_list = space.newlist(list_w)
         w_self.w_defaults = w_list
     return w_self.w_defaults
 
@@ -7261,8 +7137,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'arg'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'arg')
     return space.wrap(w_self.arg)
 
 def keyword_set_arg(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -7283,8 +7158,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'value'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'value')
     return space.wrap(w_self.value)
 
 def keyword_set_value(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -7330,8 +7204,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 1:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'name'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'name')
     return space.wrap(w_self.name)
 
 def alias_set_name(space, w_self, w_new_value):
@@ -7352,8 +7225,7 @@
             return w_obj
     if not w_self.initialization_state & 2:
         typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)
-        w_err = space.wrap("'%s' object has no attribute 'asname'" % typename)
-        raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)
+        raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'", typename, 'asname')
     return space.wrap(w_self.asname)
 
 def alias_set_asname(space, w_self, w_new_value):
diff --git a/pypy/interpreter/astcompiler/tools/asdl_py.py b/pypy/interpreter/astcompiler/tools/asdl_py.py
--- a/pypy/interpreter/astcompiler/tools/asdl_py.py
+++ b/pypy/interpreter/astcompiler/tools/asdl_py.py
@@ -414,13 +414,12 @@
             self.emit("        return w_obj", 1)
         self.emit("if not w_self.initialization_state & %s:" % (flag,), 1)
         self.emit("typename = space.type(w_self).getname(space)", 2)
-        self.emit("w_err = space.wrap(\"'%%s' object has no attribute '%s'\" %% typename)" %
+        self.emit("raise operationerrfmt(space.w_AttributeError, \"'%%s' object has no attribute '%%s'\", typename, '%s')" %
                   (field.name,), 2)
-        self.emit("raise OperationError(space.w_AttributeError, w_err)", 2)
         if field.seq:
             self.emit("if w_self.w_%s is None:" % (field.name,), 1)
             self.emit("if w_self.%s is None:" % (field.name,), 2)
-            self.emit("w_list = space.newlist([])", 3)
+            self.emit("list_w = []", 3)
             self.emit("else:", 2)
             if field.type.value in self.data.simple_types:
                 wrapper = "%s_to_class[node - 1]()" % (field.type,)
@@ -428,7 +427,7 @@
                 wrapper = "space.wrap(node)"
             self.emit("list_w = [%s for node in w_self.%s]" %
                       (wrapper, field.name), 3)
-            self.emit("w_list = space.newlist(list_w)", 3)
+            self.emit("w_list = space.newlist(list_w)", 2)
             self.emit("w_self.w_%s = w_list" % (field.name,), 2)
             self.emit("return w_self.w_%s" % (field.name,), 1)
         elif field.type.value in self.data.simple_types:
@@ -540,7 +539,7 @@
 from pypy.interpreter.baseobjspace import Wrappable
 from pypy.interpreter import typedef
 from pypy.interpreter.gateway import interp2app
-from pypy.interpreter.error import OperationError
+from pypy.interpreter.error import OperationError, operationerrfmt
 from pypy.rlib.unroll import unrolling_iterable
 from pypy.tool.pairtype import extendabletype
 from pypy.tool.sourcetools import func_with_new_name
@@ -639,9 +638,7 @@
             missing = required[i]
             if missing is not None:
                  err = "required field \\"%s\\" missing from %s"
-                 err = err % (missing, host)
-                 w_err = space.wrap(err)
-                 raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, w_err)
+                 raise operationerrfmt(space.w_TypeError, err, missing, host)
     raise AssertionError("should not reach here")
 
 
diff --git a/pypy/interpreter/executioncontext.py b/pypy/interpreter/executioncontext.py
--- a/pypy/interpreter/executioncontext.py
+++ b/pypy/interpreter/executioncontext.py
@@ -391,8 +391,11 @@
     def decrement_ticker(self, by):
         value = self._ticker
         if self.has_bytecode_counter:    # this 'if' is constant-folded
-            value -= by
-            self._ticker = value
+            if jit.isconstant(by) and by == 0:
+                pass     # normally constant-folded too
+            else:
+                value -= by
+                self._ticker = value
         return value
 
 
diff --git a/pypy/interpreter/pyparser/pytokenizer.py b/pypy/interpreter/pyparser/pytokenizer.py
--- a/pypy/interpreter/pyparser/pytokenizer.py
+++ b/pypy/interpreter/pyparser/pytokenizer.py
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@
                         parenlev = parenlev - 1
                         if parenlev < 0:
                             raise TokenError("unmatched '%s'" % initial, line,
-                                             lnum-1, 0, token_list)
+                                             lnum, start + 1, token_list)
                     if token in python_opmap:
                         punct = python_opmap[token]
                     else:
diff --git a/pypy/interpreter/pyparser/test/test_pyparse.py b/pypy/interpreter/pyparser/test/test_pyparse.py
--- a/pypy/interpreter/pyparser/test/test_pyparse.py
+++ b/pypy/interpreter/pyparser/test/test_pyparse.py
@@ -87,6 +87,10 @@
         assert exc.lineno == 1
         assert exc.offset == 5
         assert exc.lastlineno == 5
+        exc = py.test.raises(SyntaxError, parse, "abc)").value
+        assert exc.msg == "unmatched ')'"
+        assert exc.lineno == 1
+        assert exc.offset == 4
 
     def test_is(self):
         self.parse("x is y")
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/llgraph/llimpl.py b/pypy/jit/backend/llgraph/llimpl.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/llgraph/llimpl.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/llgraph/llimpl.py
@@ -7,9 +7,7 @@
 import weakref
 from pypy.objspace.flow.model import Variable, Constant
 from pypy.annotation import model as annmodel
-from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import (ConstInt, ConstPtr,
-                                         BoxInt, BoxPtr, BoxObj, BoxFloat,
-                                         REF, INT, FLOAT)
+from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import REF, INT, FLOAT
 from pypy.jit.codewriter import heaptracker
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, llmemory, rclass, rstr, rffi
 from pypy.rpython.ootypesystem import ootype
@@ -17,7 +15,7 @@
 from pypy.rpython.llinterp import LLException
 from pypy.rpython.extregistry import ExtRegistryEntry
 
-from pypy.jit.metainterp import resoperation, executor
+from pypy.jit.metainterp import resoperation
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.resoperation import rop
 from pypy.jit.backend.llgraph import symbolic
 from pypy.jit.codewriter import longlong
@@ -165,6 +163,7 @@
     'unicodegetitem'  : (('ref', 'int'), 'int'),
     'unicodesetitem'  : (('ref', 'int', 'int'), 'int'),
     'cast_ptr_to_int' : (('ref',), 'int'),
+    'cast_int_to_ptr' : (('int',), 'ref'),
     'debug_merge_point': (('ref', 'int'), None),
     'force_token'     : ((), 'int'),
     'call_may_force'  : (('int', 'varargs'), 'intorptr'),
@@ -333,6 +332,13 @@
     assert isinstance(type, str) and len(type) == 1
     op.descr = Descr(ofs, type, arg_types=arg_types)
 
+def compile_add_descr_arg(loop, ofs, type, arg_types):
+    from pypy.jit.backend.llgraph.runner import Descr
+    loop = _from_opaque(loop)
+    op = loop.operations[-1]
+    assert isinstance(type, str) and len(type) == 1
+    op.args.append(Descr(ofs, type, arg_types=arg_types))
+
 def compile_add_loop_token(loop, descr):
     if we_are_translated():
         raise ValueError("CALL_ASSEMBLER not supported")
@@ -437,8 +443,11 @@
         self._may_force = -1
 
     def getenv(self, v):
+        from pypy.jit.backend.llgraph.runner import Descr
         if isinstance(v, Constant):
             return v.value
+        elif isinstance(v, Descr):
+            return v
         else:
             return self.env[v]
 
@@ -806,6 +815,29 @@
         else:
             raise NotImplementedError
 
+    def op_getinteriorfield_gc(self, descr, array, index):
+        if descr.typeinfo == REF:
+            return do_getinteriorfield_gc_ptr(array, index, descr.ofs)
+        elif descr.typeinfo == INT:
+            return do_getinteriorfield_gc_int(array, index, descr.ofs)
+        elif descr.typeinfo == FLOAT:
+            return do_getinteriorfield_gc_float(array, index, descr.ofs)
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def op_setinteriorfield_gc(self, descr, array, index, newvalue):
+        if descr.typeinfo == REF:
+            return do_setinteriorfield_gc_ptr(array, index, descr.ofs,
+                                              newvalue)
+        elif descr.typeinfo == INT:
+            return do_setinteriorfield_gc_int(array, index, descr.ofs,
+                                              newvalue)
+        elif descr.typeinfo == FLOAT:
+            return do_setinteriorfield_gc_float(array, index, descr.ofs,
+                                                newvalue)
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+
     def op_setfield_gc(self, fielddescr, struct, newvalue):
         if fielddescr.typeinfo == REF:
             do_setfield_gc_ptr(struct, fielddescr.ofs, newvalue)
@@ -875,9 +907,6 @@
     def op_new_array(self, arraydescr, count):
         return do_new_array(arraydescr.ofs, count)
 
-    def op_cast_ptr_to_int(self, descr, ptr):
-        return cast_to_int(ptr)
-
     def op_force_token(self, descr):
         opaque_frame = _to_opaque(self)
         return llmemory.cast_ptr_to_adr(opaque_frame)
@@ -1356,6 +1385,22 @@
 def do_getfield_gc_ptr(struct, fieldnum):
     return cast_to_ptr(_getfield_gc(struct, fieldnum))
 
+def _getinteriorfield_gc(struct, fieldnum):
+    STRUCT, fieldname = symbolic.TokenToField[fieldnum]
+    return getattr(struct, fieldname)
+
+def do_getinteriorfield_gc_int(array, index, fieldnum):
+    struct = array._obj.container.getitem(index)
+    return cast_to_int(_getinteriorfield_gc(struct, fieldnum))
+
+def do_getinteriorfield_gc_float(array, index, fieldnum):
+    struct = array._obj.container.getitem(index)
+    return cast_to_floatstorage(_getinteriorfield_gc(struct, fieldnum))
+
+def do_getinteriorfield_gc_ptr(array, index, fieldnum):
+    struct = array._obj.container.getitem(index)
+    return cast_to_ptr(_getinteriorfield_gc(struct, fieldnum))
+
 def _getfield_raw(struct, fieldnum):
     STRUCT, fieldname = symbolic.TokenToField[fieldnum]
     ptr = cast_from_int(lltype.Ptr(STRUCT), struct)
@@ -1411,26 +1456,28 @@
     newvalue = cast_from_ptr(ITEMTYPE, newvalue)
     array.setitem(index, newvalue)
 
-def do_setfield_gc_int(struct, fieldnum, newvalue):
-    STRUCT, fieldname = symbolic.TokenToField[fieldnum]
-    ptr = lltype.cast_opaque_ptr(lltype.Ptr(STRUCT), struct)
-    FIELDTYPE = getattr(STRUCT, fieldname)
-    newvalue = cast_from_int(FIELDTYPE, newvalue)
-    setattr(ptr, fieldname, newvalue)
+def new_setfield_gc(cast_func):
+    def do_setfield_gc(struct, fieldnum, newvalue):
+        STRUCT, fieldname = symbolic.TokenToField[fieldnum]
+        ptr = lltype.cast_opaque_ptr(lltype.Ptr(STRUCT), struct)
+        FIELDTYPE = getattr(STRUCT, fieldname)
+        newvalue = cast_func(FIELDTYPE, newvalue)
+        setattr(ptr, fieldname, newvalue)
+    return do_setfield_gc
+do_setfield_gc_int = new_setfield_gc(cast_from_int)
+do_setfield_gc_float = new_setfield_gc(cast_from_floatstorage)
+do_setfield_gc_ptr = new_setfield_gc(cast_from_ptr)
 
-def do_setfield_gc_float(struct, fieldnum, newvalue):
-    STRUCT, fieldname = symbolic.TokenToField[fieldnum]
-    ptr = lltype.cast_opaque_ptr(lltype.Ptr(STRUCT), struct)
-    FIELDTYPE = getattr(STRUCT, fieldname)
-    newvalue = cast_from_floatstorage(FIELDTYPE, newvalue)
-    setattr(ptr, fieldname, newvalue)
-
-def do_setfield_gc_ptr(struct, fieldnum, newvalue):
-    STRUCT, fieldname = symbolic.TokenToField[fieldnum]
-    ptr = lltype.cast_opaque_ptr(lltype.Ptr(STRUCT), struct)
-    FIELDTYPE = getattr(STRUCT, fieldname)
-    newvalue = cast_from_ptr(FIELDTYPE, newvalue)
-    setattr(ptr, fieldname, newvalue)
+def new_setinteriorfield_gc(cast_func):
+    def do_setinteriorfield_gc(array, index, fieldnum, newvalue):
+        STRUCT, fieldname = symbolic.TokenToField[fieldnum]
+        struct = array._obj.container.getitem(index)
+        FIELDTYPE = getattr(STRUCT, fieldname)
+        setattr(struct, fieldname, cast_func(FIELDTYPE, newvalue))
+    return do_setinteriorfield_gc
+do_setinteriorfield_gc_int = new_setinteriorfield_gc(cast_from_int)
+do_setinteriorfield_gc_float = new_setinteriorfield_gc(cast_from_floatstorage)
+do_setinteriorfield_gc_ptr = new_setinteriorfield_gc(cast_from_ptr)        
 
 def do_setfield_raw_int(struct, fieldnum, newvalue):
     STRUCT, fieldname = symbolic.TokenToField[fieldnum]
@@ -1696,6 +1743,7 @@
 setannotation(compile_start_float_var, annmodel.SomeInteger())
 setannotation(compile_add, annmodel.s_None)
 setannotation(compile_add_descr, annmodel.s_None)
+setannotation(compile_add_descr_arg, annmodel.s_None)
 setannotation(compile_add_var, annmodel.s_None)
 setannotation(compile_add_int_const, annmodel.s_None)
 setannotation(compile_add_ref_const, annmodel.s_None)
@@ -1743,6 +1791,9 @@
 setannotation(do_getfield_raw_int, annmodel.SomeInteger())
 setannotation(do_getfield_raw_ptr, annmodel.SomePtr(llmemory.GCREF))
 setannotation(do_getfield_raw_float, s_FloatStorage)
+setannotation(do_getinteriorfield_gc_int, annmodel.SomeInteger())
+setannotation(do_getinteriorfield_gc_ptr, annmodel.SomePtr(llmemory.GCREF))
+setannotation(do_getinteriorfield_gc_float, s_FloatStorage)
 setannotation(do_new, annmodel.SomePtr(llmemory.GCREF))
 setannotation(do_new_array, annmodel.SomePtr(llmemory.GCREF))
 setannotation(do_setarrayitem_gc_int, annmodel.s_None)
@@ -1756,6 +1807,9 @@
 setannotation(do_setfield_raw_int, annmodel.s_None)
 setannotation(do_setfield_raw_ptr, annmodel.s_None)
 setannotation(do_setfield_raw_float, annmodel.s_None)
+setannotation(do_setinteriorfield_gc_int, annmodel.s_None)
+setannotation(do_setinteriorfield_gc_ptr, annmodel.s_None)
+setannotation(do_setinteriorfield_gc_float, annmodel.s_None)
 setannotation(do_newstr, annmodel.SomePtr(llmemory.GCREF))
 setannotation(do_strsetitem, annmodel.s_None)
 setannotation(do_newunicode, annmodel.SomePtr(llmemory.GCREF))
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/llgraph/runner.py b/pypy/jit/backend/llgraph/runner.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/llgraph/runner.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/llgraph/runner.py
@@ -2,21 +2,19 @@
 Minimal-API wrapper around the llinterpreter to run operations.
 """
 
-import sys
 from pypy.rlib.unroll import unrolling_iterable
 from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import we_are_translated
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, llmemory, rclass
 from pypy.rpython.ootypesystem import ootype
 from pypy.rpython.llinterp import LLInterpreter
 from pypy.jit.metainterp import history
-from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import REF, INT, FLOAT
+from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import REF, INT, FLOAT, STRUCT
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.warmstate import unwrap
-from pypy.jit.metainterp.resoperation import ResOperation, rop
+from pypy.jit.metainterp.resoperation import rop
 from pypy.jit.backend import model
 from pypy.jit.backend.llgraph import llimpl, symbolic
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.typesystem import llhelper, oohelper
 from pypy.jit.codewriter import heaptracker, longlong
-from pypy.rlib import rgc
 
 class MiniStats:
     pass
@@ -62,6 +60,9 @@
     def is_array_of_floats(self):
         return self.typeinfo == FLOAT
 
+    def is_array_of_structs(self):
+        return self.typeinfo == STRUCT
+
     def as_vtable_size_descr(self):
         return self
 
@@ -177,8 +178,10 @@
             llimpl.compile_add(c, op.getopnum())
             descr = op.getdescr()
             if isinstance(descr, Descr):
-                llimpl.compile_add_descr(c, descr.ofs, descr.typeinfo, descr.arg_types)
-            if isinstance(descr, history.LoopToken) and op.getopnum() != rop.JUMP:
+                llimpl.compile_add_descr(c, descr.ofs, descr.typeinfo,
+                                         descr.arg_types)
+            if (isinstance(descr, history.LoopToken) and
+                op.getopnum() != rop.JUMP):
                 llimpl.compile_add_loop_token(c, descr)
             if self.is_oo and isinstance(descr, (OODescr, MethDescr)):
                 # hack hack, not rpython
@@ -193,6 +196,9 @@
                     llimpl.compile_add_ref_const(c, x.value, self.ts.BASETYPE)
                 elif isinstance(x, history.ConstFloat):
                     llimpl.compile_add_float_const(c, x.value)
+                elif isinstance(x, Descr):
+                    llimpl.compile_add_descr_arg(c, x.ofs, x.typeinfo,
+                                                 x.arg_types)
                 else:
                     raise Exception("'%s' args contain: %r" % (op.getopname(),
                                                                x))
@@ -316,6 +322,13 @@
         token = history.getkind(getattr(S, fieldname))
         return self.getdescr(ofs, token[0], name=fieldname)
 
+    def interiorfielddescrof(self, A, fieldname):
+        S = A.OF
+        ofs2 = symbolic.get_size(A)
+        ofs, size = symbolic.get_field_token(S, fieldname)
+        token = history.getkind(getattr(S, fieldname))
+        return self.getdescr(ofs, token[0], name=fieldname, extrainfo=ofs2)
+
     def calldescrof(self, FUNC, ARGS, RESULT, extrainfo):
         arg_types = []
         for ARG in ARGS:
@@ -353,8 +366,13 @@
     def arraydescrof(self, A):
         assert A.OF != lltype.Void
         size = symbolic.get_size(A)
-        token = history.getkind(A.OF)
-        return self.getdescr(size, token[0])
+        if isinstance(A.OF, lltype.Ptr) or isinstance(A.OF, lltype.Primitive):
+            token = history.getkind(A.OF)[0]
+        elif isinstance(A.OF, lltype.Struct):
+            token = 's'
+        else:
+            token = '?'
+        return self.getdescr(size, token)
 
     # ---------- the backend-dependent operations ----------
 
@@ -406,6 +424,29 @@
         assert isinstance(fielddescr, Descr)
         return llimpl.do_getfield_raw_float(struct, fielddescr.ofs)
 
+    def bh_getinteriorfield_gc_i(self, array, index, descr):
+        assert isinstance(descr, Descr)
+        return llimpl.do_getinteriorfield_gc_int(array, index, descr.ofs)
+    def bh_getinteriorfield_gc_r(self, array, index, descr):
+        assert isinstance(descr, Descr)
+        return llimpl.do_getinteriorfield_gc_ptr(array, index, descr.ofs)
+    def bh_getinteriorfield_gc_f(self, array, index, descr):
+        assert isinstance(descr, Descr)
+        return llimpl.do_getinteriorfield_gc_float(array, index, descr.ofs)
+
+    def bh_setinteriorfield_gc_i(self, array, index, descr, value):
+        assert isinstance(descr, Descr)
+        return llimpl.do_setinteriorfield_gc_int(array, index, descr.ofs,
+                                                 value)
+    def bh_setinteriorfield_gc_r(self, array, index, descr, value):
+        assert isinstance(descr, Descr)
+        return llimpl.do_setinteriorfield_gc_ptr(array, index, descr.ofs,
+                                                 value)
+    def bh_setinteriorfield_gc_f(self, array, index, descr, value):
+        assert isinstance(descr, Descr)
+        return llimpl.do_setinteriorfield_gc_float(array, index, descr.ofs,
+                                                   value)
+
     def bh_new(self, sizedescr):
         assert isinstance(sizedescr, Descr)
         return llimpl.do_new(sizedescr.ofs)
@@ -418,7 +459,6 @@
 
     def bh_classof(self, struct):
         struct = lltype.cast_opaque_ptr(rclass.OBJECTPTR, struct)
-        result = struct.typeptr
         result_adr = llmemory.cast_ptr_to_adr(struct.typeptr)
         return heaptracker.adr2int(result_adr)
 
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/descr.py b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/descr.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/descr.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/descr.py
@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
 import py
-from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, rffi, llmemory, rclass
+from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, rffi, llmemory
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem.lloperation import llop
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport import symbolic, support
-from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import AbstractDescr, getkind, BoxInt, BoxPtr
-from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import BasicFailDescr, LoopToken, BoxFloat
+from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import AbstractDescr, getkind
 from pypy.jit.metainterp import history
-from pypy.jit.metainterp.resoperation import ResOperation, rop
 from pypy.jit.codewriter import heaptracker, longlong
-from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import r_longlong, r_ulonglong
 
 # The point of the class organization in this file is to make instances
 # as compact as possible.  This is done by not storing the field size or
@@ -23,6 +20,7 @@
         self._cache_field = {}
         self._cache_array = {}
         self._cache_call = {}
+        self._cache_interiorfield = {}
 
     def init_size_descr(self, STRUCT, sizedescr):
         assert isinstance(STRUCT, lltype.GcStruct)
@@ -142,7 +140,6 @@
         cachedict[fieldname] = fielddescr
         return fielddescr
 
-
 # ____________________________________________________________
 # ArrayDescrs
 
@@ -167,6 +164,7 @@
 
     _is_array_of_pointers = False      # unless overridden by GcPtrArrayDescr
     _is_array_of_floats   = False      # unless overridden by FloatArrayDescr
+    _is_array_of_structs  = False      # unless overridden by StructArrayDescr
     _is_item_signed       = False      # unless overridden by XxxArrayDescr
 
     def is_array_of_pointers(self):
@@ -175,6 +173,9 @@
     def is_array_of_floats(self):
         return self._is_array_of_floats
 
+    def is_array_of_structs(self):
+        return self._is_array_of_structs
+
     def is_item_signed(self):
         return self._is_item_signed
 
@@ -199,6 +200,10 @@
     def get_item_size(self, translate_support_code):
         return symbolic.get_size(lltype.Float, translate_support_code)
 
+class StructArrayDescr(BaseArrayDescr):
+    _clsname = 'StructArrayDescr'
+    _is_array_of_structs = True
+
 class BaseArrayNoLengthDescr(BaseArrayDescr):
     def get_base_size(self, translate_support_code):
         return 0
@@ -218,6 +223,13 @@
 def getArrayDescrClass(ARRAY):
     if ARRAY.OF is lltype.Float:
         return FloatArrayDescr
+    elif isinstance(ARRAY.OF, lltype.Struct):
+        class Descr(StructArrayDescr):
+            _clsname = '%sArrayDescr' % ARRAY.OF._name
+            def get_item_size(self, translate_support_code):
+                return symbolic.get_size(ARRAY.OF, translate_support_code)
+        Descr.__name__ = Descr._clsname
+        return Descr
     return getDescrClass(ARRAY.OF, BaseArrayDescr, GcPtrArrayDescr,
                          NonGcPtrArrayDescr, 'Array', 'get_item_size',
                          '_is_array_of_floats', '_is_item_signed')
@@ -252,6 +264,39 @@
         cache[ARRAY] = arraydescr
         return arraydescr
 
+# ____________________________________________________________
+# InteriorFieldDescr
+
+class InteriorFieldDescr(AbstractDescr):
+    arraydescr = BaseArrayDescr()     # workaround for the annotator
+    fielddescr = BaseFieldDescr('', 0)
+
+    def __init__(self, arraydescr, fielddescr):
+        self.arraydescr = arraydescr
+        self.fielddescr = fielddescr
+
+    def is_pointer_field(self):
+        return self.fielddescr.is_pointer_field()
+
+    def is_float_field(self):
+        return self.fielddescr.is_float_field()
+
+    def sort_key(self):
+        return self.fielddescr.sort_key()
+
+    def repr_of_descr(self):
+        return '<InteriorFieldDescr %s>' % self.fielddescr.repr_of_descr()
+
+def get_interiorfield_descr(gc_ll_descr, ARRAY, FIELDTP, name):
+    cache = gc_ll_descr._cache_interiorfield
+    try:
+        return cache[(ARRAY, FIELDTP, name)]
+    except KeyError:
+        arraydescr = get_array_descr(gc_ll_descr, ARRAY)
+        fielddescr = get_field_descr(gc_ll_descr, FIELDTP, name)
+        descr = InteriorFieldDescr(arraydescr, fielddescr)
+        cache[(ARRAY, FIELDTP, name)] = descr
+        return descr
 
 # ____________________________________________________________
 # CallDescrs
@@ -525,7 +570,8 @@
         #
         if TYPE is lltype.Float or is_longlong(TYPE):
             setattr(Descr, floatattrname, True)
-        elif TYPE is not lltype.Bool and rffi.cast(TYPE, -1) == -1:
+        elif (TYPE is not lltype.Bool and isinstance(TYPE, lltype.Number) and
+              rffi.cast(TYPE, -1) == -1):
             setattr(Descr, signedattrname, True)
         #
         _cache[nameprefix, TYPE] = Descr
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/gc.py b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/gc.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/gc.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/gc.py
@@ -45,6 +45,14 @@
     def freeing_block(self, start, stop):
         pass
 
+    def get_funcptr_for_newarray(self):
+        return llhelper(self.GC_MALLOC_ARRAY, self.malloc_array)
+    def get_funcptr_for_newstr(self):
+        return llhelper(self.GC_MALLOC_STR_UNICODE, self.malloc_str)
+    def get_funcptr_for_newunicode(self):
+        return llhelper(self.GC_MALLOC_STR_UNICODE, self.malloc_unicode)
+
+
     def record_constptrs(self, op, gcrefs_output_list):
         for i in range(op.numargs()):
             v = op.getarg(i)
@@ -96,6 +104,39 @@
         malloc_fn_ptr = self.configure_boehm_once()
         self.funcptr_for_new = malloc_fn_ptr
 
+        def malloc_array(basesize, itemsize, ofs_length, num_elem):
+            try:
+                size = ovfcheck(basesize + ovfcheck(itemsize * num_elem))
+            except OverflowError:
+                return lltype.nullptr(llmemory.GCREF.TO)
+            res = self.funcptr_for_new(size)
+            if not res:
+                return res
+            rffi.cast(rffi.CArrayPtr(lltype.Signed), res)[ofs_length/WORD] = num_elem
+            return res
+        self.malloc_array = malloc_array
+        self.GC_MALLOC_ARRAY = lltype.Ptr(lltype.FuncType(
+            [lltype.Signed] * 4, llmemory.GCREF))
+
+
+        (str_basesize, str_itemsize, str_ofs_length
+         ) = symbolic.get_array_token(rstr.STR, self.translate_support_code)
+        (unicode_basesize, unicode_itemsize, unicode_ofs_length
+         ) = symbolic.get_array_token(rstr.UNICODE, self.translate_support_code)
+        def malloc_str(length):
+            return self.malloc_array(
+                str_basesize, str_itemsize, str_ofs_length, length
+            )
+        def malloc_unicode(length):
+            return self.malloc_array(
+                unicode_basesize, unicode_itemsize, unicode_ofs_length, length
+            )
+        self.malloc_str = malloc_str
+        self.malloc_unicode = malloc_unicode
+        self.GC_MALLOC_STR_UNICODE = lltype.Ptr(lltype.FuncType(
+            [lltype.Signed], llmemory.GCREF))
+
+
         # on some platform GC_init is required before any other
         # GC_* functions, call it here for the benefit of tests
         # XXX move this to tests
@@ -116,39 +157,27 @@
         ofs_length = arraydescr.get_ofs_length(self.translate_support_code)
         basesize = arraydescr.get_base_size(self.translate_support_code)
         itemsize = arraydescr.get_item_size(self.translate_support_code)
-        size = basesize + itemsize * num_elem
-        res = self.funcptr_for_new(size)
-        rffi.cast(rffi.CArrayPtr(lltype.Signed), res)[ofs_length/WORD] = num_elem
-        return res
+        return self.malloc_array(basesize, itemsize, ofs_length, num_elem)
 
     def gc_malloc_str(self, num_elem):
-        basesize, itemsize, ofs_length = symbolic.get_array_token(rstr.STR,
-                                                   self.translate_support_code)
-        assert itemsize == 1
-        size = basesize + num_elem
-        res = self.funcptr_for_new(size)
-        rffi.cast(rffi.CArrayPtr(lltype.Signed), res)[ofs_length/WORD] = num_elem
-        return res
+        return self.malloc_str(num_elem)
 
     def gc_malloc_unicode(self, num_elem):
-        basesize, itemsize, ofs_length = symbolic.get_array_token(rstr.UNICODE,
-                                                   self.translate_support_code)
-        size = basesize + num_elem * itemsize
-        res = self.funcptr_for_new(size)
-        rffi.cast(rffi.CArrayPtr(lltype.Signed), res)[ofs_length/WORD] = num_elem
-        return res
+        return self.malloc_unicode(num_elem)
 
     def args_for_new(self, sizedescr):
         assert isinstance(sizedescr, BaseSizeDescr)
         return [sizedescr.size]
 
+    def args_for_new_array(self, arraydescr):
+        ofs_length = arraydescr.get_ofs_length(self.translate_support_code)
+        basesize = arraydescr.get_base_size(self.translate_support_code)
+        itemsize = arraydescr.get_item_size(self.translate_support_code)
+        return [basesize, itemsize, ofs_length]
+
     def get_funcptr_for_new(self):
         return self.funcptr_for_new
 
-    get_funcptr_for_newarray = None
-    get_funcptr_for_newstr = None
-    get_funcptr_for_newunicode = None
-
     def rewrite_assembler(self, cpu, operations, gcrefs_output_list):
         # record all GCREFs too, because Boehm cannot see them and keep them
         # alive if they end up as constants in the assembler
@@ -620,10 +649,13 @@
         def malloc_basic(size, tid):
             type_id = llop.extract_ushort(llgroup.HALFWORD, tid)
             has_finalizer = bool(tid & (1<<llgroup.HALFSHIFT))
+            has_light_finalizer = bool(tid & (1<<(llgroup.HALFSHIFT + 1)))
             check_typeid(type_id)
             res = llop1.do_malloc_fixedsize_clear(llmemory.GCREF,
                                                   type_id, size,
-                                                  has_finalizer, False)
+                                                  has_finalizer,
+                                                  has_light_finalizer,
+                                                  False)
             # In case the operation above failed, we are returning NULL
             # from this function to assembler.  There is also an RPython
             # exception set, typically MemoryError; but it's easier and
@@ -694,7 +726,7 @@
             # also use it to allocate varsized objects.  The tid
             # and possibly the length are both set afterward.
             gcref = llop1.do_malloc_fixedsize_clear(llmemory.GCREF,
-                                        0, size, False, False)
+                                        0, size, False, False, False)
             return rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, gcref)
         self.malloc_slowpath = malloc_slowpath
         self.MALLOC_SLOWPATH = lltype.FuncType([lltype.Signed], lltype.Signed)
@@ -718,7 +750,9 @@
         type_id = self.layoutbuilder.get_type_id(S)
         assert not self.layoutbuilder.is_weakref_type(S)
         has_finalizer = bool(self.layoutbuilder.has_finalizer(S))
-        flags = int(has_finalizer) << llgroup.HALFSHIFT
+        has_light_finalizer = bool(self.layoutbuilder.has_light_finalizer(S))
+        flags = (int(has_finalizer) << llgroup.HALFSHIFT |
+                 int(has_light_finalizer) << (llgroup.HALFSHIFT + 1))
         descr.tid = llop.combine_ushort(lltype.Signed, type_id, flags)
 
     def init_array_descr(self, A, descr):
@@ -752,15 +786,6 @@
     def get_funcptr_for_new(self):
         return llhelper(self.GC_MALLOC_BASIC, self.malloc_basic)
 
-    def get_funcptr_for_newarray(self):
-        return llhelper(self.GC_MALLOC_ARRAY, self.malloc_array)
-
-    def get_funcptr_for_newstr(self):
-        return llhelper(self.GC_MALLOC_STR_UNICODE, self.malloc_str)
-
-    def get_funcptr_for_newunicode(self):
-        return llhelper(self.GC_MALLOC_STR_UNICODE, self.malloc_unicode)
-
     def do_write_barrier(self, gcref_struct, gcref_newptr):
         hdr_addr = llmemory.cast_ptr_to_adr(gcref_struct)
         hdr_addr -= self.gcheaderbuilder.size_gc_header
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/llmodel.py b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/llmodel.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/llmodel.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/llmodel.py
@@ -1,24 +1,18 @@
-import sys
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, llmemory, rffi, rclass, rstr
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem.lloperation import llop
-from pypy.rpython.llinterp import LLInterpreter, LLException
+from pypy.rpython.llinterp import LLInterpreter
 from pypy.rpython.annlowlevel import llhelper
 from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import we_are_translated, specialize
-from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import BoxInt, BoxPtr, set_future_values,\
-     BoxFloat
 from pypy.jit.metainterp import history
 from pypy.jit.codewriter import heaptracker, longlong
 from pypy.jit.backend.model import AbstractCPU
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport import symbolic
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.symbolic import WORD, unroll_basic_sizes
-from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import get_size_descr,  BaseSizeDescr
-from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import get_field_descr, BaseFieldDescr
-from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import get_array_descr, BaseArrayDescr
-from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import get_call_descr
-from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import BaseIntCallDescr, GcPtrCallDescr
-from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import FloatCallDescr, VoidCallDescr
+from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import (get_size_descr,
+     get_field_descr, BaseFieldDescr, get_array_descr, BaseArrayDescr,
+     get_call_descr, BaseIntCallDescr, GcPtrCallDescr, FloatCallDescr,
+     VoidCallDescr, InteriorFieldDescr, get_interiorfield_descr)
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.asmmemmgr import AsmMemoryManager
-from pypy.rpython.annlowlevel import cast_instance_to_base_ptr
 
 
 class AbstractLLCPU(AbstractCPU):
@@ -241,6 +235,9 @@
     def arraydescrof(self, A):
         return get_array_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, A)
 
+    def interiorfielddescrof(self, A, fieldname):
+        return get_interiorfield_descr(self.gc_ll_descr, A, A.OF, fieldname)
+
     def unpack_arraydescr(self, arraydescr):
         assert isinstance(arraydescr, BaseArrayDescr)
         return arraydescr.get_base_size(self.translate_support_code)
@@ -358,6 +355,100 @@
     bh_getarrayitem_raw_i = bh_getarrayitem_gc_i
     bh_getarrayitem_raw_f = bh_getarrayitem_gc_f
 
+    def bh_getinteriorfield_gc_i(self, gcref, itemindex, descr):
+        assert isinstance(descr, InteriorFieldDescr)
+        arraydescr = descr.arraydescr
+        ofs, size, _ = self.unpack_arraydescr_size(arraydescr)
+        ofs += descr.fielddescr.offset
+        fieldsize = descr.fielddescr.get_field_size(self.translate_support_code)
+        sign = descr.fielddescr.is_field_signed()
+        fullofs = itemindex * size + ofs
+        # --- start of GC unsafe code (no GC operation!) ---
+        items = rffi.ptradd(rffi.cast(rffi.CCHARP, gcref), fullofs)
+        for STYPE, UTYPE, itemsize in unroll_basic_sizes:
+            if fieldsize == itemsize:
+                if sign:
+                    item = rffi.cast(rffi.CArrayPtr(STYPE), items)
+                    val = item[0]
+                    val = rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, val)
+                else:
+                    item = rffi.cast(rffi.CArrayPtr(UTYPE), items)
+                    val = item[0]
+                    val = rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, val)
+                # --- end of GC unsafe code ---
+                return val
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError("size = %d" % fieldsize)
+
+    def bh_getinteriorfield_gc_r(self, gcref, itemindex, descr):
+        assert isinstance(descr, InteriorFieldDescr)
+        arraydescr = descr.arraydescr
+        ofs, size, _ = self.unpack_arraydescr_size(arraydescr)
+        ofs += descr.fielddescr.offset
+        # --- start of GC unsafe code (no GC operation!) ---
+        items = rffi.ptradd(rffi.cast(rffi.CCHARP, gcref), ofs +
+                            size * itemindex)
+        items = rffi.cast(rffi.CArrayPtr(lltype.Signed), items)
+        pval = self._cast_int_to_gcref(items[0])
+        # --- end of GC unsafe code ---
+        return pval
+
+    def bh_getinteriorfield_gc_f(self, gcref, itemindex, descr):
+        assert isinstance(descr, InteriorFieldDescr)
+        arraydescr = descr.arraydescr
+        ofs, size, _ = self.unpack_arraydescr_size(arraydescr)
+        ofs += descr.fielddescr.offset
+        # --- start of GC unsafe code (no GC operation!) ---
+        items = rffi.ptradd(rffi.cast(rffi.CCHARP, gcref), ofs +
+                            size * itemindex)
+        items = rffi.cast(rffi.CArrayPtr(longlong.FLOATSTORAGE), items)
+        fval = items[0]
+        # --- end of GC unsafe code ---
+        return fval
+
+    def bh_setinteriorfield_gc_i(self, gcref, itemindex, descr, value):
+        assert isinstance(descr, InteriorFieldDescr)
+        arraydescr = descr.arraydescr
+        ofs, size, _ = self.unpack_arraydescr_size(arraydescr)
+        ofs += descr.fielddescr.offset
+        fieldsize = descr.fielddescr.get_field_size(self.translate_support_code)
+        ofs = itemindex * size + ofs
+        # --- start of GC unsafe code (no GC operation!) ---
+        items = rffi.ptradd(rffi.cast(rffi.CCHARP, gcref), ofs)
+        for TYPE, _, itemsize in unroll_basic_sizes:
+            if fieldsize == itemsize:
+                items = rffi.cast(rffi.CArrayPtr(TYPE), items)
+                items[0] = rffi.cast(TYPE, value)
+                # --- end of GC unsafe code ---
+                return
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError("size = %d" % fieldsize)
+
+    def bh_setinteriorfield_gc_r(self, gcref, itemindex, descr, newvalue):
+        assert isinstance(descr, InteriorFieldDescr)
+        arraydescr = descr.arraydescr
+        ofs, size, _ = self.unpack_arraydescr_size(arraydescr)
+        ofs += descr.fielddescr.offset
+        self.gc_ll_descr.do_write_barrier(gcref, newvalue)
+        # --- start of GC unsafe code (no GC operation!) ---
+        items = rffi.ptradd(rffi.cast(rffi.CCHARP, gcref),
+                            ofs + size * itemindex)
+        items = rffi.cast(rffi.CArrayPtr(lltype.Signed), items)
+        items[0] = self.cast_gcref_to_int(newvalue)
+        # --- end of GC unsafe code ---
+
+    def bh_setinteriorfield_gc_f(self, gcref, itemindex, descr, newvalue):
+        assert isinstance(descr, InteriorFieldDescr)
+        arraydescr = descr.arraydescr
+        ofs, size, _ = self.unpack_arraydescr_size(arraydescr)
+        ofs += descr.fielddescr.offset
+        # --- start of GC unsafe code (no GC operation!) ---
+        items = rffi.ptradd(rffi.cast(rffi.CCHARP, gcref),
+                            ofs + size * itemindex)
+        items = rffi.cast(rffi.CArrayPtr(longlong.FLOATSTORAGE), items)
+        items[0] = newvalue
+        # --- end of GC unsafe code ---
+
     def bh_strlen(self, string):
         s = lltype.cast_opaque_ptr(lltype.Ptr(rstr.STR), string)
         return len(s.chars)
@@ -475,7 +566,6 @@
 
     def bh_classof(self, struct):
         struct = lltype.cast_opaque_ptr(rclass.OBJECTPTR, struct)
-        result = struct.typeptr
         result_adr = llmemory.cast_ptr_to_adr(struct.typeptr)
         return heaptracker.adr2int(result_adr)
 
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/regalloc.py b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/regalloc.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/regalloc.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/regalloc.py
@@ -287,7 +287,6 @@
         self.reg_bindings[to_v] = reg
 
     def _move_variable_away(self, v, prev_loc):
-        reg = None
         if self.free_regs:
             loc = self.free_regs.pop()
             self.reg_bindings[v] = loc
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_asmmemmgr.py b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_asmmemmgr.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_asmmemmgr.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_asmmemmgr.py
@@ -211,14 +211,14 @@
     debug._log = debug.DebugLog()
     try:
         mc._dump(addr, 'test-logname-section')
-        log = list(debug._log)
+        log = list(debug._log) 
     finally:
         debug._log = None
     encoded = ''.join(writtencode).encode('hex').upper()
     ataddr = '@%x' % addr
     assert log == [('test-logname-section',
                     [('debug_print', 'CODE_DUMP', ataddr, '+0 ', encoded)])]
-    #
+    
     lltype.free(p, flavor='raw')
 
 def test_blockbuildermixin2():
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_descr.py b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_descr.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_descr.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_descr.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport import symbolic
 from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import Symbolic
 from pypy.rpython.annlowlevel import llhelper
-from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import BoxInt, BoxFloat, BoxPtr
 from pypy.jit.metainterp import history
 from pypy.jit.codewriter import longlong
 import sys, struct, py
@@ -149,7 +148,9 @@
     A2 = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Ptr(T))
     A3 = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Ptr(U))
     A4 = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Float)
-    A5 = lltype.GcArray(lltype.SingleFloat)
+    A5 = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Struct('x', ('v', lltype.Signed),
+                                      ('k', lltype.Signed)))
+    A6 = lltype.GcArray(lltype.SingleFloat)
     assert getArrayDescrClass(A2) is GcPtrArrayDescr
     assert getArrayDescrClass(A3) is NonGcPtrArrayDescr
     cls = getArrayDescrClass(A1)
@@ -158,7 +159,7 @@
     clsf = getArrayDescrClass(A4)
     assert clsf != cls
     assert clsf == getArrayDescrClass(lltype.GcArray(lltype.Float))
-    clss = getArrayDescrClass(A5)
+    clss = getArrayDescrClass(A6)
     assert clss not in (clsf, cls)
     assert clss == getArrayDescrClass(lltype.GcArray(rffi.UINT))
     #
@@ -168,11 +169,12 @@
     descr3 = get_array_descr(c0, A3)
     descr4 = get_array_descr(c0, A4)
     descr5 = get_array_descr(c0, A5)
+    descr6 = get_array_descr(c0, A6)
     assert descr1.__class__ is cls
     assert descr2.__class__ is GcPtrArrayDescr
     assert descr3.__class__ is NonGcPtrArrayDescr
     assert descr4.__class__ is clsf
-    assert descr5.__class__ is clss
+    assert descr6.__class__ is clss
     assert descr1 == get_array_descr(c0, lltype.GcArray(lltype.Char))
     assert not descr1.is_array_of_pointers()
     assert     descr2.is_array_of_pointers()
@@ -202,7 +204,8 @@
     assert descr2.get_item_size(False) == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Ptr(T))
     assert descr3.get_item_size(False) == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Ptr(U))
     assert descr4.get_item_size(False) == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Float)
-    assert descr5.get_item_size(False) == rffi.sizeof(lltype.SingleFloat)
+    assert descr5.get_item_size(False) == rffi.sizeof(lltype.Signed) * 2
+    assert descr6.get_item_size(False) == rffi.sizeof(lltype.SingleFloat)
     #
     assert isinstance(descr1.get_base_size(True), Symbolic)
     assert isinstance(descr2.get_base_size(True), Symbolic)
@@ -348,7 +351,6 @@
                             (rffi.SHORT,      True), (rffi.USHORT, False),
                             (rffi.INT,        True), (rffi.UINT,   False),
                             (rffi.LONG,       True), (rffi.ULONG,  False)]:
-        A = lltype.GcArray(RESTYPE)
         for tsc in [False, True]:
             c2 = GcCache(tsc)
             descr1 = get_call_descr(c2, [], RESTYPE)
@@ -379,7 +381,6 @@
     descr3i = get_array_descr(c0, lltype.GcArray(lltype.Char))
     assert descr3i.repr_of_descr() == '<CharArrayDescr>'
     #
-    cache = {}
     descr4 = get_call_descr(c0, [lltype.Char, lltype.Ptr(S)], lltype.Ptr(S))
     assert 'GcPtrCallDescr' in descr4.repr_of_descr()
     #
@@ -412,10 +413,10 @@
     ARGS = [lltype.Float, lltype.Ptr(ARRAY)]
     RES = lltype.Float
 
-    def f(a, b):
+    def f2(a, b):
         return float(b[0]) + a
 
-    fnptr = llhelper(lltype.Ptr(lltype.FuncType(ARGS, RES)), f)
+    fnptr = llhelper(lltype.Ptr(lltype.FuncType(ARGS, RES)), f2)
     descr2 = get_call_descr(c0, ARGS, RES)
     a = lltype.malloc(ARRAY, 3)
     opaquea = lltype.cast_opaque_ptr(llmemory.GCREF, a)
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_gc.py b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_gc.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_gc.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/llsupport/test/test_gc.py
@@ -247,12 +247,14 @@
         self.record = []
 
     def do_malloc_fixedsize_clear(self, RESTYPE, type_id, size,
-                                  has_finalizer, contains_weakptr):
+                                  has_finalizer, has_light_finalizer,
+                                  contains_weakptr):
         assert not contains_weakptr
+        assert not has_finalizer           # in these tests
+        assert not has_light_finalizer     # in these tests
         p = llmemory.raw_malloc(size)
         p = llmemory.cast_adr_to_ptr(p, RESTYPE)
-        flags = int(has_finalizer) << 16
-        tid = llop.combine_ushort(lltype.Signed, type_id, flags)
+        tid = llop.combine_ushort(lltype.Signed, type_id, 0)
         self.record.append(("fixedsize", repr(size), tid, p))
         return p
 
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/model.py b/pypy/jit/backend/model.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/model.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/model.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from pypy.rlib.debug import debug_start, debug_print, debug_stop
-from pypy.jit.metainterp import history, compile
+from pypy.jit.metainterp import history
 
 
 class AbstractCPU(object):
@@ -213,6 +213,10 @@
     def typedescrof(TYPE):
         raise NotImplementedError
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def interiorfielddescrof(A, fieldname):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
     # ---------- the backend-dependent operations ----------
 
     # lltype specific operations
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/test/runner_test.py b/pypy/jit/backend/test/runner_test.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/test/runner_test.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/test/runner_test.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
                                          BoxInt, Box, BoxPtr,
                                          LoopToken,
                                          ConstInt, ConstPtr,
-                                         BoxObj, Const,
+                                         BoxObj,
                                          ConstObj, BoxFloat, ConstFloat)
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.resoperation import ResOperation, rop
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.typesystem import deref
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
         self.cpu.set_future_value_int(0, 2)
         fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
         res = self.cpu.get_latest_value_int(0)
-        assert res == 3        
+        assert res == 3
         assert fail.identifier == 1
 
     def test_compile_loop(self):
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@
             ]
         inputargs = [i0]
         operations[2].setfailargs([i1])
-        
+
         self.cpu.compile_loop(inputargs, operations, looptoken)
         self.cpu.set_future_value_int(0, 2)
         fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@
             ]
         inputargs = [i0]
         operations[2].setfailargs([None, None, i1, None])
-        
+
         self.cpu.compile_loop(inputargs, operations, looptoken)
         self.cpu.set_future_value_int(0, 2)
         fail = self.cpu.execute_token(looptoken)
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@
         for opnum, boxargs, retvalue in get_int_tests():
             res = self.execute_operation(opnum, boxargs, 'int')
             assert res.value == retvalue
-        
+
     def test_float_operations(self):
         from pypy.jit.metainterp.test.test_executor import get_float_tests
         for opnum, boxargs, rettype, retvalue in get_float_tests(self.cpu):
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@
 
     def test_ovf_operations_reversed(self):
         self.test_ovf_operations(reversed=True)
-        
+
     def test_bh_call(self):
         cpu = self.cpu
         #
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@
                                          [funcbox, BoxInt(num), BoxInt(num)],
                                          'int', descr=dyn_calldescr)
             assert res.value == 2 * num
-            
+
 
         if cpu.supports_floats:
             def func(f0, f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, i0, i1, f7, f8, f9):
@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@
         funcbox = self.get_funcbox(self.cpu, func_ptr)
         res = self.execute_operation(rop.CALL, [funcbox] + map(BoxInt, args), 'int', descr=calldescr)
         assert res.value == func(*args)
-        
+
     def test_call_stack_alignment(self):
         # test stack alignment issues, notably for Mac OS/X.
         # also test the ordering of the arguments.
@@ -615,7 +615,7 @@
         res = self.execute_operation(rop.GETFIELD_GC, [t_box],
                                      'int', descr=shortdescr)
         assert res.value == 1331
-        
+
         #
         u_box, U_box = self.alloc_instance(self.U)
         fielddescr2 = self.cpu.fielddescrof(self.S, 'next')
@@ -695,7 +695,7 @@
 
     def test_failing_guard_class(self):
         t_box, T_box = self.alloc_instance(self.T)
-        u_box, U_box = self.alloc_instance(self.U)        
+        u_box, U_box = self.alloc_instance(self.U)
         null_box = self.null_instance()
         for opname, args in [(rop.GUARD_CLASS, [t_box, U_box]),
                              (rop.GUARD_CLASS, [u_box, T_box]),
@@ -787,7 +787,7 @@
         r = self.execute_operation(rop.GETARRAYITEM_GC, [a_box, BoxInt(3)],
                                    'int', descr=arraydescr)
         assert r.value == 160
-        
+
         #
         if isinstance(A, lltype.GcArray):
             A = lltype.Ptr(A)
@@ -880,6 +880,73 @@
                                    'int', descr=arraydescr)
         assert r.value == 7441
 
+    def test_array_of_structs(self):
+        TP = lltype.GcStruct('x')
+        ITEM = lltype.Struct('x',
+                             ('vs', lltype.Signed),
+                             ('vu', lltype.Unsigned),
+                             ('vsc', rffi.SIGNEDCHAR),
+                             ('vuc', rffi.UCHAR),
+                             ('vss', rffi.SHORT),
+                             ('vus', rffi.USHORT),
+                             ('vsi', rffi.INT),
+                             ('vui', rffi.UINT),
+                             ('k', lltype.Float),
+                             ('p', lltype.Ptr(TP)))
+        a_box, A = self.alloc_array_of(ITEM, 15)
+        s_box, S = self.alloc_instance(TP)
+        kdescr = self.cpu.interiorfielddescrof(A, 'k')
+        pdescr = self.cpu.interiorfielddescrof(A, 'p')
+        self.execute_operation(rop.SETINTERIORFIELD_GC, [a_box, BoxInt(3),
+                                                         boxfloat(1.5)],
+                               'void', descr=kdescr)
+        f = self.cpu.bh_getinteriorfield_gc_f(a_box.getref_base(), 3, kdescr)
+        assert longlong.getrealfloat(f) == 1.5
+        self.cpu.bh_setinteriorfield_gc_f(a_box.getref_base(), 3, kdescr, longlong.getfloatstorage(2.5))
+        r = self.execute_operation(rop.GETINTERIORFIELD_GC, [a_box, BoxInt(3)],
+                                   'float', descr=kdescr)
+        assert r.getfloat() == 2.5
+        #
+        NUMBER_FIELDS = [('vs', lltype.Signed),
+                         ('vu', lltype.Unsigned),
+                         ('vsc', rffi.SIGNEDCHAR),
+                         ('vuc', rffi.UCHAR),
+                         ('vss', rffi.SHORT),
+                         ('vus', rffi.USHORT),
+                         ('vsi', rffi.INT),
+                         ('vui', rffi.UINT)]
+        for name, TYPE in NUMBER_FIELDS[::-1]:
+            vdescr = self.cpu.interiorfielddescrof(A, name)
+            self.execute_operation(rop.SETINTERIORFIELD_GC, [a_box, BoxInt(3),
+                                                             BoxInt(-15)],
+                                   'void', descr=vdescr)
+        for name, TYPE in NUMBER_FIELDS:
+            vdescr = self.cpu.interiorfielddescrof(A, name)
+            i = self.cpu.bh_getinteriorfield_gc_i(a_box.getref_base(), 3,
+                                                  vdescr)
+            assert i == rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, rffi.cast(TYPE, -15))
+        for name, TYPE in NUMBER_FIELDS[::-1]:
+            vdescr = self.cpu.interiorfielddescrof(A, name)
+            self.cpu.bh_setinteriorfield_gc_i(a_box.getref_base(), 3,
+                                              vdescr, -25)
+        for name, TYPE in NUMBER_FIELDS:
+            vdescr = self.cpu.interiorfielddescrof(A, name)
+            r = self.execute_operation(rop.GETINTERIORFIELD_GC,
+                                       [a_box, BoxInt(3)],
+                                       'int', descr=vdescr)
+            assert r.getint() == rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, rffi.cast(TYPE, -25))
+        #
+        self.execute_operation(rop.SETINTERIORFIELD_GC, [a_box, BoxInt(4),
+                                                         s_box],
+                               'void', descr=pdescr)
+        r = self.cpu.bh_getinteriorfield_gc_r(a_box.getref_base(), 4, pdescr)
+        assert r == s_box.getref_base()
+        self.cpu.bh_setinteriorfield_gc_r(a_box.getref_base(), 3, pdescr,
+                                          s_box.getref_base())
+        r = self.execute_operation(rop.GETINTERIORFIELD_GC, [a_box, BoxInt(3)],
+                                   'ref', descr=pdescr)
+        assert r.getref_base() == s_box.getref_base()
+
     def test_string_basic(self):
         s_box = self.alloc_string("hello\xfe")
         r = self.execute_operation(rop.STRLEN, [s_box], 'int')
@@ -1402,7 +1469,7 @@
         addr = llmemory.cast_ptr_to_adr(func_ptr)
         return ConstInt(heaptracker.adr2int(addr))
 
-    
+
     MY_VTABLE = rclass.OBJECT_VTABLE    # for tests only
 
     S = lltype.GcForwardReference()
@@ -1439,7 +1506,6 @@
         return BoxPtr(lltype.nullptr(llmemory.GCREF.TO))
 
     def alloc_array_of(self, ITEM, length):
-        cpu = self.cpu
         A = lltype.GcArray(ITEM)
         a = lltype.malloc(A, length)
         a_box = BoxPtr(lltype.cast_opaque_ptr(llmemory.GCREF, a))
@@ -1468,20 +1534,16 @@
         return u''.join(u.chars)
 
 
-    def test_casts(self):
-        py.test.skip("xxx fix or kill")
-        from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, llmemory
-        TP = lltype.GcStruct('x')
-        x = lltype.malloc(TP)        
-        x = lltype.cast_opaque_ptr(llmemory.GCREF, x)
+    def test_cast_int_to_ptr(self):
+        res = self.execute_operation(rop.CAST_INT_TO_PTR,
+                                     [BoxInt(-17)],  'ref').value
+        assert lltype.cast_ptr_to_int(res) == -17
+
+    def test_cast_ptr_to_int(self):
+        x = lltype.cast_int_to_ptr(llmemory.GCREF, -19)
         res = self.execute_operation(rop.CAST_PTR_TO_INT,
-                                     [BoxPtr(x)],  'int').value
-        expected = self.cpu.cast_adr_to_int(llmemory.cast_ptr_to_adr(x))
-        assert rffi.get_real_int(res) == rffi.get_real_int(expected)
-        res = self.execute_operation(rop.CAST_PTR_TO_INT,
-                                     [ConstPtr(x)],  'int').value
-        expected = self.cpu.cast_adr_to_int(llmemory.cast_ptr_to_adr(x))
-        assert rffi.get_real_int(res) == rffi.get_real_int(expected)
+                                     [BoxPtr(x)], 'int').value
+        assert res == -19
 
     def test_ooops_non_gc(self):
         x = lltype.malloc(lltype.Struct('x'), flavor='raw')
@@ -2299,13 +2361,6 @@
         #
         cpu.bh_strsetitem(x, 4, ord('/'))
         assert str.chars[4] == '/'
-        #
-##        x = cpu.bh_newstr(5)
-##        y = cpu.bh_cast_ptr_to_int(x)
-##        z = cpu.bh_cast_ptr_to_int(x)
-##        y = rffi.get_real_int(y)
-##        z = rffi.get_real_int(z)
-##        assert type(y) == type(z) == int and y == z
 
     def test_sorting_of_fields(self):
         S = self.S
@@ -2329,7 +2384,7 @@
         for opname, arg, res in ops:
             self.execute_operation(opname, [arg], 'void')
             assert self.guard_failed == res
-        
+
         lltype.free(x, flavor='raw')
 
     def test_assembler_call(self):
@@ -2409,7 +2464,7 @@
         FakeJitDriverSD.portal_calldescr = self.cpu.calldescrof(
             lltype.Ptr(lltype.FuncType(ARGS, RES)), ARGS, RES,
             EffectInfo.MOST_GENERAL)
-        
+
         ops = '''
         [f0, f1]
         f2 = float_add(f0, f1)
@@ -2500,7 +2555,7 @@
         FakeJitDriverSD.portal_calldescr = self.cpu.calldescrof(
             lltype.Ptr(lltype.FuncType(ARGS, RES)), ARGS, RES,
             EffectInfo.MOST_GENERAL)
-        
+
         ops = '''
         [f0, f1]
         f2 = float_add(f0, f1)
@@ -2951,4 +3006,4 @@
 
     def alloc_unicode(self, unicode):
         py.test.skip("implement me")
-    
+
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/test/test_ll_random.py b/pypy/jit/backend/test/test_ll_random.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/test/test_ll_random.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/test/test_ll_random.py
@@ -28,16 +28,27 @@
         fork.structure_types_and_vtables = self.structure_types_and_vtables
         return fork
 
-    def get_structptr_var(self, r, must_have_vtable=False, type=lltype.Struct):
+    def _choose_ptr_vars(self, from_, type, array_of_structs):
+        ptrvars = []
+        for i in range(len(from_)):
+            v, S = from_[i][:2]
+            if not isinstance(S, type):
+                continue
+            if ((isinstance(S, lltype.Array) and
+                 isinstance(S.OF, lltype.Struct)) == array_of_structs):
+                ptrvars.append((v, S))
+        return ptrvars
+
+    def get_structptr_var(self, r, must_have_vtable=False, type=lltype.Struct,
+                          array_of_structs=False):
         while True:
-            ptrvars = [(v, S) for (v, S) in self.ptrvars
-                              if isinstance(S, type)]
+            ptrvars = self._choose_ptr_vars(self.ptrvars, type,
+                                            array_of_structs)
             if ptrvars and r.random() < 0.8:
                 v, S = r.choice(ptrvars)
             else:
-                prebuilt_ptr_consts = [(v, S)
-                                 for (v, S, _) in self.prebuilt_ptr_consts
-                                 if isinstance(S, type)]
+                prebuilt_ptr_consts = self._choose_ptr_vars(
+                    self.prebuilt_ptr_consts, type, array_of_structs)
                 if prebuilt_ptr_consts and r.random() < 0.7:
                     v, S = r.choice(prebuilt_ptr_consts)
                 else:
@@ -48,7 +59,8 @@
                                                 has_vtable=must_have_vtable)
                     else:
                         # create a new constant array
-                        p = self.get_random_array(r)
+                        p = self.get_random_array(r,
+                                    must_be_array_of_structs=array_of_structs)
                     S = lltype.typeOf(p).TO
                     v = ConstPtr(lltype.cast_opaque_ptr(llmemory.GCREF, p))
                     self.prebuilt_ptr_consts.append((v, S,
@@ -74,7 +86,8 @@
                 TYPE = lltype.Signed
         return TYPE
 
-    def get_random_structure_type(self, r, with_vtable=None, cache=True):
+    def get_random_structure_type(self, r, with_vtable=None, cache=True,
+                                  type=lltype.GcStruct):
         if cache and self.structure_types and r.random() < 0.5:
             return r.choice(self.structure_types)
         fields = []
@@ -85,7 +98,7 @@
         for i in range(r.randrange(1, 5)):
             TYPE = self.get_random_primitive_type(r)
             fields.append(('f%d' % i, TYPE))
-        S = lltype.GcStruct('S%d' % self.counter, *fields, **kwds)
+        S = type('S%d' % self.counter, *fields, **kwds)
         self.counter += 1
         if cache:
             self.structure_types.append(S)
@@ -125,17 +138,29 @@
                 setattr(p, fieldname, rffi.cast(TYPE, r.random_integer()))
         return p
 
-    def get_random_array_type(self, r):
-        TYPE = self.get_random_primitive_type(r)
+    def get_random_array_type(self, r, can_be_array_of_struct=False,
+                              must_be_array_of_structs=False):
+        if ((can_be_array_of_struct and r.random() < 0.1) or
+            must_be_array_of_structs):
+            TYPE = self.get_random_structure_type(r, cache=False,
+                                                  type=lltype.Struct)
+        else:
+            TYPE = self.get_random_primitive_type(r)
         return lltype.GcArray(TYPE)
 
-    def get_random_array(self, r):
-        A = self.get_random_array_type(r)
+    def get_random_array(self, r, must_be_array_of_structs=False):
+        A = self.get_random_array_type(r,
+                           must_be_array_of_structs=must_be_array_of_structs)
         length = (r.random_integer() // 15) % 300  # length: between 0 and 299
                                                    # likely to be small
         p = lltype.malloc(A, length)
-        for i in range(length):
-            p[i] = rffi.cast(A.OF, r.random_integer())
+        if isinstance(A.OF, lltype.Primitive):
+            for i in range(length):
+                p[i] = rffi.cast(A.OF, r.random_integer())
+        else:
+            for i in range(length):
+                for fname, TP in A.OF._flds.iteritems():
+                    setattr(p[i], fname, rffi.cast(TP, r.random_integer()))
         return p
 
     def get_index(self, length, r):
@@ -155,8 +180,16 @@
                     dic[fieldname] = getattr(p, fieldname)
         else:
             assert isinstance(S, lltype.Array)
-            for i in range(len(p)):
-                dic[i] = p[i]
+            if isinstance(S.OF, lltype.Struct):
+                for i in range(len(p)):
+                    item = p[i]
+                    s1 = {}
+                    for fieldname in S.OF._names:
+                        s1[fieldname] = getattr(item, fieldname)
+                    dic[i] = s1
+            else:
+                for i in range(len(p)):
+                    dic[i] = p[i]
         return dic
 
     def print_loop_prebuilt(self, names, writevar, s):
@@ -220,7 +253,7 @@
 
 class GetFieldOperation(test_random.AbstractOperation):
     def field_descr(self, builder, r):
-        v, S = builder.get_structptr_var(r)
+        v, S = builder.get_structptr_var(r, )
         names = S._names
         if names[0] == 'parent':
             names = names[1:]
@@ -239,6 +272,28 @@
                 continue
             break
 
+class GetInteriorFieldOperation(test_random.AbstractOperation):
+    def field_descr(self, builder, r):
+        v, A = builder.get_structptr_var(r, type=lltype.Array,
+                                         array_of_structs=True)
+        array = v.getref(lltype.Ptr(A))
+        v_index = builder.get_index(len(array), r)
+        name = r.choice(A.OF._names)
+        descr = builder.cpu.interiorfielddescrof(A, name)
+        descr._random_info = 'cpu.interiorfielddescrof(%s, %r)' % (A.OF._name,
+                                                                   name)
+        TYPE = getattr(A.OF, name)
+        return v, v_index, descr, TYPE
+
+    def produce_into(self, builder, r):
+        while True:
+            try:
+                v, v_index, descr, _ = self.field_descr(builder, r)
+                self.put(builder, [v, v_index], descr)
+            except lltype.UninitializedMemoryAccess:
+                continue
+            break
+
 class SetFieldOperation(GetFieldOperation):
     def produce_into(self, builder, r):
         v, descr, TYPE = self.field_descr(builder, r)
@@ -251,6 +306,18 @@
                 break
         builder.do(self.opnum, [v, w], descr)
 
+class SetInteriorFieldOperation(GetInteriorFieldOperation):
+    def produce_into(self, builder, r):
+        v, v_index, descr, TYPE = self.field_descr(builder, r)
+        while True:
+            if r.random() < 0.3:
+                w = ConstInt(r.random_integer())
+            else:
+                w = r.choice(builder.intvars)
+            if rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, rffi.cast(TYPE, w.value)) == w.value:
+                break
+        builder.do(self.opnum, [v, v_index, w], descr)
+
 class NewOperation(test_random.AbstractOperation):
     def size_descr(self, builder, S):
         descr = builder.cpu.sizeof(S)
@@ -306,7 +373,7 @@
 
 class NewArrayOperation(ArrayOperation):
     def produce_into(self, builder, r):
-        A = builder.get_random_array_type(r)
+        A = builder.get_random_array_type(r, can_be_array_of_struct=True)
         v_size = builder.get_index(300, r)
         v_ptr = builder.do(self.opnum, [v_size], self.array_descr(builder, A))
         builder.ptrvars.append((v_ptr, A))
@@ -586,7 +653,9 @@
 for i in range(4):      # make more common
     OPERATIONS.append(GetFieldOperation(rop.GETFIELD_GC))
     OPERATIONS.append(GetFieldOperation(rop.GETFIELD_GC))
+    OPERATIONS.append(GetInteriorFieldOperation(rop.GETINTERIORFIELD_GC))
     OPERATIONS.append(SetFieldOperation(rop.SETFIELD_GC))
+    OPERATIONS.append(SetInteriorFieldOperation(rop.SETINTERIORFIELD_GC))
     OPERATIONS.append(NewOperation(rop.NEW))
     OPERATIONS.append(NewOperation(rop.NEW_WITH_VTABLE))
 
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/test/test_random.py b/pypy/jit/backend/test/test_random.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/test/test_random.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/test/test_random.py
@@ -595,6 +595,10 @@
             for name, value in fields.items():
                 if isinstance(name, str):
                     setattr(container, name, value)
+                elif isinstance(value, dict):
+                    item = container.getitem(name)
+                    for key1, value1 in value.items():
+                        setattr(item, key1, value1)
                 else:
                     container.setitem(name, value)
 
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/assembler.py b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/assembler.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/assembler.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/assembler.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import sys, os
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport import symbolic
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.asmmemmgr import MachineDataBlockWrapper
-from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import Const, Box, BoxInt, BoxPtr, BoxFloat
+from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import Const, Box, BoxInt, ConstInt
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import (AbstractFailDescr, INT, REF, FLOAT,
                                          LoopToken)
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, rffi, rstr, llmemory
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@
 from pypy.rlib import rgc
 from pypy.rlib.clibffi import FFI_DEFAULT_ABI
 from pypy.jit.backend.x86.jump import remap_frame_layout
-from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import ConstInt, BoxInt
 from pypy.jit.codewriter.effectinfo import EffectInfo
 from pypy.jit.codewriter import longlong
 
@@ -729,8 +728,8 @@
         # Also, make sure this is consistent with FRAME_FIXED_SIZE.
         self.mc.PUSH_r(ebp.value)
         self.mc.MOV_rr(ebp.value, esp.value)
-        for regloc in self.cpu.CALLEE_SAVE_REGISTERS:
-            self.mc.PUSH_r(regloc.value)
+        for loc in self.cpu.CALLEE_SAVE_REGISTERS:
+            self.mc.PUSH_r(loc.value)
 
         gcrootmap = self.cpu.gc_ll_descr.gcrootmap
         if gcrootmap and gcrootmap.is_shadow_stack:
@@ -994,7 +993,7 @@
         effectinfo = op.getdescr().get_extra_info()
         oopspecindex = effectinfo.oopspecindex
         genop_llong_list[oopspecindex](self, op, arglocs, resloc)
-        
+
     def regalloc_perform_math(self, op, arglocs, resloc):
         effectinfo = op.getdescr().get_extra_info()
         oopspecindex = effectinfo.oopspecindex
@@ -1277,8 +1276,8 @@
     genop_int_ne = _cmpop("NE", "NE")
     genop_int_gt = _cmpop("G", "L")
     genop_int_ge = _cmpop("GE", "LE")
-    genop_ptr_eq = genop_int_eq
-    genop_ptr_ne = genop_int_ne
+    genop_ptr_eq = genop_instance_ptr_eq = genop_int_eq
+    genop_ptr_ne = genop_instance_ptr_ne = genop_int_ne
 
     genop_float_lt = _cmpop_float('B', 'A')
     genop_float_le = _cmpop_float('BE', 'AE')
@@ -1298,8 +1297,8 @@
     genop_guard_int_ne = _cmpop_guard("NE", "NE", "E", "E")
     genop_guard_int_gt = _cmpop_guard("G", "L", "LE", "GE")
     genop_guard_int_ge = _cmpop_guard("GE", "LE", "L", "G")
-    genop_guard_ptr_eq = genop_guard_int_eq
-    genop_guard_ptr_ne = genop_guard_int_ne
+    genop_guard_ptr_eq = genop_guard_instance_ptr_eq = genop_guard_int_eq
+    genop_guard_ptr_ne = genop_guard_instance_ptr_ne = genop_guard_int_ne
 
     genop_guard_uint_gt = _cmpop_guard("A", "B", "BE", "AE")
     genop_guard_uint_lt = _cmpop_guard("B", "A", "AE", "BE")
@@ -1311,7 +1310,7 @@
     genop_guard_float_eq = _cmpop_guard_float("E", "E", "NE","NE")
     genop_guard_float_gt = _cmpop_guard_float("A", "B", "BE","AE")
     genop_guard_float_ge = _cmpop_guard_float("AE","BE", "B", "A")
-    
+
     def genop_math_sqrt(self, op, arglocs, resloc):
         self.mc.SQRTSD(arglocs[0], resloc)
 
@@ -1387,7 +1386,8 @@
 
     def genop_same_as(self, op, arglocs, resloc):
         self.mov(arglocs[0], resloc)
-    #genop_cast_ptr_to_int = genop_same_as
+    genop_cast_ptr_to_int = genop_same_as
+    genop_cast_int_to_ptr = genop_same_as
 
     def genop_int_mod(self, op, arglocs, resloc):
         if IS_X86_32:
@@ -1596,12 +1596,43 @@
     genop_getarrayitem_gc_pure = genop_getarrayitem_gc
     genop_getarrayitem_raw = genop_getarrayitem_gc
 
+    def _get_interiorfield_addr(self, temp_loc, index_loc, itemsize_loc,
+                                base_loc, ofs_loc):
+        assert isinstance(itemsize_loc, ImmedLoc)
+        if isinstance(index_loc, ImmedLoc):
+            temp_loc = imm(index_loc.value * itemsize_loc.value)
+        else:
+            # XXX should not use IMUL in most cases
+            assert isinstance(temp_loc, RegLoc)
+            assert isinstance(index_loc, RegLoc)
+            self.mc.IMUL_rri(temp_loc.value, index_loc.value,
+                             itemsize_loc.value)
+        assert isinstance(ofs_loc, ImmedLoc)
+        return AddressLoc(base_loc, temp_loc, 0, ofs_loc.value)
+
+    def genop_getinteriorfield_gc(self, op, arglocs, resloc):
+        (base_loc, ofs_loc, itemsize_loc, fieldsize_loc,
+            index_loc, sign_loc) = arglocs
+        src_addr = self._get_interiorfield_addr(resloc, index_loc,
+                                                itemsize_loc, base_loc,
+                                                ofs_loc)
+        self.load_from_mem(resloc, src_addr, fieldsize_loc, sign_loc)
+
+
     def genop_discard_setfield_gc(self, op, arglocs):
         base_loc, ofs_loc, size_loc, value_loc = arglocs
         assert isinstance(size_loc, ImmedLoc)
         dest_addr = AddressLoc(base_loc, ofs_loc)
         self.save_into_mem(dest_addr, value_loc, size_loc)
 
+    def genop_discard_setinteriorfield_gc(self, op, arglocs):
+        (base_loc, ofs_loc, itemsize_loc, fieldsize_loc,
+            index_loc, temp_loc, value_loc) = arglocs
+        dest_addr = self._get_interiorfield_addr(temp_loc, index_loc,
+                                                 itemsize_loc, base_loc,
+                                                 ofs_loc)
+        self.save_into_mem(dest_addr, value_loc, fieldsize_loc)
+
     def genop_discard_setarrayitem_gc(self, op, arglocs):
         base_loc, ofs_loc, value_loc, size_loc, baseofs = arglocs
         assert isinstance(baseofs, ImmedLoc)
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/regalloc.py b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/regalloc.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/regalloc.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/regalloc.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
                                          ResOperation, BoxPtr, ConstFloat,
                                          BoxFloat, LoopToken, INT, REF, FLOAT)
 from pypy.jit.backend.x86.regloc import *
-from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, ll2ctypes, rffi, rstr
+from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, rffi, rstr
 from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import we_are_translated
 from pypy.rlib import rgc
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport import symbolic
@@ -17,11 +17,12 @@
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.resoperation import rop
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import BaseFieldDescr, BaseArrayDescr
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import BaseCallDescr, BaseSizeDescr
+from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.descr import InteriorFieldDescr
 from pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.regalloc import FrameManager, RegisterManager,\
      TempBox
 from pypy.jit.backend.x86.arch import WORD, FRAME_FIXED_SIZE
 from pypy.jit.backend.x86.arch import IS_X86_32, IS_X86_64, MY_COPY_OF_REGS
-from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import r_longlong, r_uint
+from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import r_longlong
 
 class X86RegisterManager(RegisterManager):
 
@@ -433,7 +434,7 @@
             if self.can_merge_with_next_guard(op, i, operations):
                 oplist_with_guard[op.getopnum()](self, op, operations[i + 1])
                 i += 1
-            elif not we_are_translated() and op.getopnum() == -124: 
+            elif not we_are_translated() and op.getopnum() == -124:
                 self._consider_force_spill(op)
             else:
                 oplist[op.getopnum()](self, op)
@@ -650,8 +651,8 @@
     consider_uint_lt = _consider_compop
     consider_uint_le = _consider_compop
     consider_uint_ge = _consider_compop
-    consider_ptr_eq = _consider_compop
-    consider_ptr_ne = _consider_compop
+    consider_ptr_eq = consider_instance_ptr_eq = _consider_compop
+    consider_ptr_ne = consider_instance_ptr_ne = _consider_compop
 
     def _consider_float_op(self, op):
         loc1 = self.xrm.loc(op.getarg(1))
@@ -815,7 +816,7 @@
         save_all_regs = guard_not_forced_op is not None
         self.xrm.before_call(force_store, save_all_regs=save_all_regs)
         if not save_all_regs:
-            gcrootmap = gc_ll_descr = self.assembler.cpu.gc_ll_descr.gcrootmap
+            gcrootmap = self.assembler.cpu.gc_ll_descr.gcrootmap
             if gcrootmap and gcrootmap.is_shadow_stack:
                 save_all_regs = 2
         self.rm.before_call(force_store, save_all_regs=save_all_regs)
@@ -972,74 +973,27 @@
             return self._call(op, arglocs)
 
     def consider_newstr(self, op):
-        gc_ll_descr = self.assembler.cpu.gc_ll_descr
-        if gc_ll_descr.get_funcptr_for_newstr is not None:
-            # framework GC
-            loc = self.loc(op.getarg(0))
-            return self._call(op, [loc])
-        # boehm GC (XXX kill the following code at some point)
-        ofs_items, itemsize, ofs = symbolic.get_array_token(rstr.STR, self.translate_support_code)
-        assert itemsize == 1
-        return self._malloc_varsize(ofs_items, ofs, 0, op.getarg(0),
-                                    op.result)
+        loc = self.loc(op.getarg(0))
+        return self._call(op, [loc])
 
     def consider_newunicode(self, op):
-        gc_ll_descr = self.assembler.cpu.gc_ll_descr
-        if gc_ll_descr.get_funcptr_for_newunicode is not None:
-            # framework GC
-            loc = self.loc(op.getarg(0))
-            return self._call(op, [loc])
-        # boehm GC (XXX kill the following code at some point)
-        ofs_items, _, ofs = symbolic.get_array_token(rstr.UNICODE,
-                                                   self.translate_support_code)
-        scale = self._get_unicode_item_scale()
-        return self._malloc_varsize(ofs_items, ofs, scale, op.getarg(0),
-                                    op.result)
-
-    def _malloc_varsize(self, ofs_items, ofs_length, scale, v, res_v):
-        # XXX kill this function at some point
-        if isinstance(v, Box):
-            loc = self.rm.make_sure_var_in_reg(v, [v])
-            tempbox = TempBox()
-            other_loc = self.rm.force_allocate_reg(tempbox, [v])
-            self.assembler.load_effective_addr(loc, ofs_items,scale, other_loc)
-        else:
-            tempbox = None
-            other_loc = imm(ofs_items + (v.getint() << scale))
-        self._call(ResOperation(rop.NEW, [], res_v),
-                   [other_loc], [v])
-        loc = self.rm.make_sure_var_in_reg(v, [res_v])
-        assert self.loc(res_v) == eax
-        # now we have to reload length to some reasonable place
-        self.rm.possibly_free_var(v)
-        if tempbox is not None:
-            self.rm.possibly_free_var(tempbox)
-        self.PerformDiscard(ResOperation(rop.SETFIELD_GC, [None, None], None),
-                            [eax, imm(ofs_length), imm(WORD), loc])
+        loc = self.loc(op.getarg(0))
+        return self._call(op, [loc])
 
     def consider_new_array(self, op):
         gc_ll_descr = self.assembler.cpu.gc_ll_descr
-        if gc_ll_descr.get_funcptr_for_newarray is not None:
-            # framework GC
-            box_num_elem = op.getarg(0)
-            if isinstance(box_num_elem, ConstInt):
-                num_elem = box_num_elem.value
-                if gc_ll_descr.can_inline_malloc_varsize(op.getdescr(),
-                                                         num_elem):
-                    self.fastpath_malloc_varsize(op, op.getdescr(), num_elem)
-                    return
-            args = self.assembler.cpu.gc_ll_descr.args_for_new_array(
-                op.getdescr())
-            arglocs = [imm(x) for x in args]
-            arglocs.append(self.loc(box_num_elem))
-            self._call(op, arglocs)
-            return
-        # boehm GC (XXX kill the following code at some point)
-        itemsize, basesize, ofs_length, _, _ = (
-            self._unpack_arraydescr(op.getdescr()))
-        scale_of_field = _get_scale(itemsize)
-        self._malloc_varsize(basesize, ofs_length, scale_of_field,
-                             op.getarg(0), op.result)
+        box_num_elem = op.getarg(0)
+        if isinstance(box_num_elem, ConstInt):
+            num_elem = box_num_elem.value
+            if gc_ll_descr.can_inline_malloc_varsize(op.getdescr(),
+                                                     num_elem):
+                self.fastpath_malloc_varsize(op, op.getdescr(), num_elem)
+                return
+        args = self.assembler.cpu.gc_ll_descr.args_for_new_array(
+            op.getdescr())
+        arglocs = [imm(x) for x in args]
+        arglocs.append(self.loc(box_num_elem))
+        self._call(op, arglocs)
 
     def _unpack_arraydescr(self, arraydescr):
         assert isinstance(arraydescr, BaseArrayDescr)
@@ -1058,6 +1012,16 @@
         sign = fielddescr.is_field_signed()
         return imm(ofs), imm(size), ptr, sign
 
+    def _unpack_interiorfielddescr(self, descr):
+        assert isinstance(descr, InteriorFieldDescr)
+        arraydescr = descr.arraydescr
+        ofs = arraydescr.get_base_size(self.translate_support_code)
+        itemsize = arraydescr.get_item_size(self.translate_support_code)
+        fieldsize = descr.fielddescr.get_field_size(self.translate_support_code)
+        sign = descr.fielddescr.is_field_signed()
+        ofs += descr.fielddescr.offset
+        return imm(ofs), imm(itemsize), imm(fieldsize), sign
+
     def consider_setfield_gc(self, op):
         ofs_loc, size_loc, _, _ = self._unpack_fielddescr(op.getdescr())
         assert isinstance(size_loc, ImmedLoc)
@@ -1074,6 +1038,35 @@
 
     consider_setfield_raw = consider_setfield_gc
 
+    def consider_setinteriorfield_gc(self, op):
+        t = self._unpack_interiorfielddescr(op.getdescr())
+        ofs, itemsize, fieldsize, _ = t
+        args = op.getarglist()
+        if fieldsize.value == 1:
+            need_lower_byte = True
+        else:
+            need_lower_byte = False
+        box_base, box_index, box_value = args
+        base_loc = self.rm.make_sure_var_in_reg(box_base, args)
+        index_loc = self.rm.make_sure_var_in_reg(box_index, args)
+        value_loc = self.make_sure_var_in_reg(box_value, args,
+                                              need_lower_byte=need_lower_byte)
+        # If 'index_loc' is not an immediate, then we need a 'temp_loc' that
+        # is a register whose value will be destroyed.  It's fine to destroy
+        # the same register as 'index_loc', but not the other ones.
+        self.rm.possibly_free_var(box_index)
+        if not isinstance(index_loc, ImmedLoc):
+            tempvar = TempBox()
+            temp_loc = self.rm.force_allocate_reg(tempvar, [box_base,
+                                                            box_value])
+            self.rm.possibly_free_var(tempvar)
+        else:
+            temp_loc = None
+        self.rm.possibly_free_var(box_base)
+        self.possibly_free_var(box_value)
+        self.PerformDiscard(op, [base_loc, ofs, itemsize, fieldsize,
+                                 index_loc, temp_loc, value_loc])
+
     def consider_strsetitem(self, op):
         args = op.getarglist()
         base_loc = self.rm.make_sure_var_in_reg(op.getarg(0), args)
@@ -1135,6 +1128,25 @@
     consider_getarrayitem_raw = consider_getarrayitem_gc
     consider_getarrayitem_gc_pure = consider_getarrayitem_gc
 
+    def consider_getinteriorfield_gc(self, op):
+        t = self._unpack_interiorfielddescr(op.getdescr())
+        ofs, itemsize, fieldsize, sign = t
+        if sign:
+            sign_loc = imm1
+        else:
+            sign_loc = imm0
+        args = op.getarglist()
+        base_loc = self.rm.make_sure_var_in_reg(op.getarg(0), args)
+        index_loc = self.rm.make_sure_var_in_reg(op.getarg(1), args)
+        # 'base' and 'index' are put in two registers (or one if 'index'
+        # is an immediate).  'result' can be in the same register as
+        # 'index' but must be in a different register than 'base'.
+        self.rm.possibly_free_var(op.getarg(1))
+        result_loc = self.force_allocate_reg(op.result, [op.getarg(0)])
+        self.rm.possibly_free_var(op.getarg(0))
+        self.Perform(op, [base_loc, ofs, itemsize, fieldsize,
+                          index_loc, sign_loc], result_loc)
+
     def consider_int_is_true(self, op, guard_op):
         # doesn't need arg to be in a register
         argloc = self.loc(op.getarg(0))
@@ -1152,7 +1164,8 @@
         self.possibly_free_var(op.getarg(0))
         resloc = self.force_allocate_reg(op.result)
         self.Perform(op, [argloc], resloc)
-    #consider_cast_ptr_to_int = consider_same_as
+    consider_cast_ptr_to_int = consider_same_as
+    consider_cast_int_to_ptr = consider_same_as
 
     def consider_strlen(self, op):
         args = op.getarglist()
@@ -1240,7 +1253,6 @@
         self.rm.possibly_free_var(srcaddr_box)
 
     def _gen_address_inside_string(self, baseloc, ofsloc, resloc, is_unicode):
-        cpu = self.assembler.cpu
         if is_unicode:
             ofs_items, _, _ = symbolic.get_array_token(rstr.UNICODE,
                                                   self.translate_support_code)
@@ -1299,7 +1311,7 @@
         tmpreg = X86RegisterManager.all_regs[0]
         tmploc = self.rm.force_allocate_reg(box, selected_reg=tmpreg)
         xmmtmp = X86XMMRegisterManager.all_regs[0]
-        xmmtmploc = self.xrm.force_allocate_reg(box1, selected_reg=xmmtmp)
+        self.xrm.force_allocate_reg(box1, selected_reg=xmmtmp)
         # Part about non-floats
         # XXX we don't need a copy, we only just the original list
         src_locations1 = [self.loc(op.getarg(i)) for i in range(op.numargs())
@@ -1379,7 +1391,7 @@
     return lambda self, op: fn(self, op, None)
 
 def is_comparison_or_ovf_op(opnum):
-    from pypy.jit.metainterp.resoperation import opclasses, AbstractResOp
+    from pypy.jit.metainterp.resoperation import opclasses
     cls = opclasses[opnum]
     # hack hack: in theory they are instance method, but they don't use
     # any instance field, we can use a fake object
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/test/test_del.py b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/test/test_del.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/test/test_del.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/test/test_del.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 
-import py
 from pypy.jit.backend.x86.test.test_basic import Jit386Mixin
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.test.test_del import DelTests
 
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/test/test_dict.py b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/test/test_dict.py
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/test/test_dict.py
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+
+from pypy.jit.backend.x86.test.test_basic import Jit386Mixin
+from pypy.jit.metainterp.test.test_dict import DictTests
+
+
+class TestDict(Jit386Mixin, DictTests):
+    # for the individual tests see
+    # ====> ../../../metainterp/test/test_dict.py
+    pass
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/test/test_runner.py b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/test/test_runner.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/test/test_runner.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/test/test_runner.py
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 
     # for the individual tests see
     # ====> ../../test/runner_test.py
-    
+
     def setup_method(self, meth):
         self.cpu = CPU(rtyper=None, stats=FakeStats())
         self.cpu.setup_once()
@@ -69,22 +69,16 @@
 
     def test_allocations(self):
         from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import rstr
-        
+
         allocs = [None]
         all = []
+        orig_new = self.cpu.gc_ll_descr.funcptr_for_new
         def f(size):
             allocs.insert(0, size)
-            buf = ctypes.create_string_buffer(size)
-            all.append(buf)
-            return ctypes.cast(buf, ctypes.c_void_p).value
-        func = ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_int)(f)
-        addr = ctypes.cast(func, ctypes.c_void_p).value
-        # ctypes produces an unsigned value. We need it to be signed for, eg,
-        # relative addressing to work properly.
-        addr = rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, addr)
-        
+            return orig_new(size)
+
         self.cpu.assembler.setup_once()
-        self.cpu.assembler.malloc_func_addr = addr
+        self.cpu.gc_ll_descr.funcptr_for_new = f
         ofs = symbolic.get_field_token(rstr.STR, 'chars', False)[0]
 
         res = self.execute_operation(rop.NEWSTR, [ConstInt(7)], 'ref')
@@ -108,7 +102,7 @@
         res = self.execute_operation(rop.NEW_ARRAY, [ConstInt(10)],
                                          'ref', descr)
         assert allocs[0] == 10*WORD + ofs + WORD
-        resbuf = self._resbuf(res)            
+        resbuf = self._resbuf(res)
         assert resbuf[ofs/WORD] == 10
 
         # ------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -116,7 +110,7 @@
         res = self.execute_operation(rop.NEW_ARRAY, [BoxInt(10)],
                                          'ref', descr)
         assert allocs[0] == 10*WORD + ofs + WORD
-        resbuf = self._resbuf(res)                        
+        resbuf = self._resbuf(res)
         assert resbuf[ofs/WORD] == 10
 
     def test_stringitems(self):
@@ -146,7 +140,7 @@
                                                      ConstInt(2), BoxInt(38)],
                                'void', descr)
         assert resbuf[itemsofs/WORD + 2] == 38
-        
+
         self.execute_operation(rop.SETARRAYITEM_GC, [res,
                                                      BoxInt(3), BoxInt(42)],
                                'void', descr)
@@ -167,7 +161,7 @@
                                                          BoxInt(2)],
                                    'int', descr)
         assert r.value == 38
-        
+
         r = self.execute_operation(rop.GETARRAYITEM_GC, [res, BoxInt(3)],
                                    'int', descr)
         assert r.value == 42
@@ -226,7 +220,7 @@
         self.execute_operation(rop.SETFIELD_GC, [res, BoxInt(1234)], 'void', ofs_i)
         i = self.execute_operation(rop.GETFIELD_GC, [res], 'int', ofs_i)
         assert i.value == 1234
-        
+
         #u = self.execute_operation(rop.GETFIELD_GC, [res, ofs_u], 'int')
         #assert u.value == 5
         self.execute_operation(rop.SETFIELD_GC, [res, ConstInt(1)], 'void',
@@ -299,7 +293,7 @@
                     else:
                         assert result != execute(self.cpu, None,
                                                  op, None, b).value
-                    
+
 
     def test_stuff_followed_by_guard(self):
         boxes = [(BoxInt(1), BoxInt(0)),
@@ -523,7 +517,7 @@
     def test_debugger_on(self):
         from pypy.tool.logparser import parse_log_file, extract_category
         from pypy.rlib import debug
-        
+
         loop = """
         [i0]
         debug_merge_point('xyz', 0)
diff --git a/pypy/jit/codewriter/jtransform.py b/pypy/jit/codewriter/jtransform.py
--- a/pypy/jit/codewriter/jtransform.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/codewriter/jtransform.py
@@ -52,9 +52,11 @@
         newoperations = []
         #
         def do_rename(var, var_or_const):
+            if var.concretetype is lltype.Void:
+                renamings[var] = Constant(None, lltype.Void)
+                return
             renamings[var] = var_or_const
-            if (isinstance(var_or_const, Constant)
-                and var.concretetype != lltype.Void):
+            if isinstance(var_or_const, Constant):
                 value = var_or_const.value
                 value = lltype._cast_whatever(var.concretetype, value)
                 renamings_constants[var] = Constant(value, var.concretetype)
@@ -441,6 +443,8 @@
     rewrite_op_gc_identityhash = _do_builtin_call
     rewrite_op_gc_id           = _do_builtin_call
     rewrite_op_uint_mod        = _do_builtin_call
+    rewrite_op_cast_float_to_uint = _do_builtin_call
+    rewrite_op_cast_uint_to_float = _do_builtin_call
 
     # ----------
     # getfield/setfield/mallocs etc.
@@ -735,29 +739,54 @@
         return SpaceOperation(opname, [op.args[0]], op.result)
 
     def rewrite_op_getinteriorfield(self, op):
-        # only supports strings and unicodes
         assert len(op.args) == 3
-        assert op.args[1].value == 'chars'
         optype = op.args[0].concretetype
         if optype == lltype.Ptr(rstr.STR):
             opname = "strgetitem"
+            return SpaceOperation(opname, [op.args[0], op.args[2]], op.result)
+        elif optype == lltype.Ptr(rstr.UNICODE):
+            opname = "unicodegetitem"
+            return SpaceOperation(opname, [op.args[0], op.args[2]], op.result)
         else:
-            assert optype == lltype.Ptr(rstr.UNICODE)
-            opname = "unicodegetitem"
-        return SpaceOperation(opname, [op.args[0], op.args[2]], op.result)
+            v_inst, v_index, c_field = op.args
+            if op.result.concretetype is lltype.Void:
+                return
+            # only GcArray of Struct supported
+            assert isinstance(v_inst.concretetype.TO, lltype.GcArray)
+            STRUCT = v_inst.concretetype.TO.OF
+            assert isinstance(STRUCT, lltype.Struct)
+            descr = self.cpu.interiorfielddescrof(v_inst.concretetype.TO,
+                                                  c_field.value)
+            args = [v_inst, v_index, descr]
+            kind = getkind(op.result.concretetype)[0]
+            return SpaceOperation('getinteriorfield_gc_%s' % kind, args,
+                                  op.result)
 
     def rewrite_op_setinteriorfield(self, op):
-        # only supports strings and unicodes
         assert len(op.args) == 4
-        assert op.args[1].value == 'chars'
         optype = op.args[0].concretetype
         if optype == lltype.Ptr(rstr.STR):
             opname = "strsetitem"
+            return SpaceOperation(opname, [op.args[0], op.args[2], op.args[3]],
+                                  op.result)
+        elif optype == lltype.Ptr(rstr.UNICODE):
+            opname = "unicodesetitem"
+            return SpaceOperation(opname, [op.args[0], op.args[2], op.args[3]],
+                                  op.result)
         else:
-            assert optype == lltype.Ptr(rstr.UNICODE)
-            opname = "unicodesetitem"
-        return SpaceOperation(opname, [op.args[0], op.args[2], op.args[3]],
-                              op.result)
+            v_inst, v_index, c_field, v_value = op.args
+            if v_value.concretetype is lltype.Void:
+                return
+            # only GcArray of Struct supported
+            assert isinstance(v_inst.concretetype.TO, lltype.GcArray)
+            STRUCT = v_inst.concretetype.TO.OF
+            assert isinstance(STRUCT, lltype.Struct)
+            descr = self.cpu.interiorfielddescrof(v_inst.concretetype.TO,
+                                                  c_field.value)
+            kind = getkind(v_value.concretetype)[0]
+            args = [v_inst, v_index, v_value, descr]
+            return SpaceOperation('setinteriorfield_gc_%s' % kind, args,
+                                  op.result)
 
     def _rewrite_equality(self, op, opname):
         arg0, arg1 = op.args
@@ -771,6 +800,9 @@
     def _is_gc(self, v):
         return getattr(getattr(v.concretetype, "TO", None), "_gckind", "?") == 'gc'
 
+    def _is_rclass_instance(self, v):
+        return lltype._castdepth(v.concretetype.TO, rclass.OBJECT) >= 0
+
     def _rewrite_cmp_ptrs(self, op):
         if self._is_gc(op.args[0]):
             return op
@@ -788,11 +820,21 @@
         return self._rewrite_equality(op, 'int_is_true')
 
     def rewrite_op_ptr_eq(self, op):
-        op1 = self._rewrite_equality(op, 'ptr_iszero')
+        prefix = ''
+        if self._is_rclass_instance(op.args[0]):
+            assert self._is_rclass_instance(op.args[1])
+            op = SpaceOperation('instance_ptr_eq', op.args, op.result)
+            prefix = 'instance_'
+        op1 = self._rewrite_equality(op, prefix + 'ptr_iszero')
         return self._rewrite_cmp_ptrs(op1)
 
     def rewrite_op_ptr_ne(self, op):
-        op1 = self._rewrite_equality(op, 'ptr_nonzero')
+        prefix = ''
+        if self._is_rclass_instance(op.args[0]):
+            assert self._is_rclass_instance(op.args[1])
+            op = SpaceOperation('instance_ptr_ne', op.args, op.result)
+            prefix = 'instance_'
+        op1 = self._rewrite_equality(op, prefix + 'ptr_nonzero')
         return self._rewrite_cmp_ptrs(op1)
 
     rewrite_op_ptr_iszero = _rewrite_cmp_ptrs
@@ -800,8 +842,11 @@
 
     def rewrite_op_cast_ptr_to_int(self, op):
         if self._is_gc(op.args[0]):
-            #return op
-            raise NotImplementedError("cast_ptr_to_int")
+            return op
+
+    def rewrite_op_cast_opaque_ptr(self, op):
+        # None causes the result of this op to get aliased to op.args[0]
+        return [SpaceOperation('mark_opaque_ptr', op.args, None), None]
 
     def rewrite_op_force_cast(self, op):
         v_arg = op.args[0]
@@ -822,26 +867,44 @@
         elif not float_arg and float_res:
             # some int -> some float
             ops = []
-            v1 = varoftype(lltype.Signed)
-            oplist = self.rewrite_operation(
-                SpaceOperation('force_cast', [v_arg], v1)
-            )
-            if oplist:
-                ops.extend(oplist)
+            v2 = varoftype(lltype.Float)
+            sizesign = rffi.size_and_sign(v_arg.concretetype)
+            if sizesign <= rffi.size_and_sign(lltype.Signed):
+                # cast from a type that fits in an int: either the size is
+                # smaller, or it is equal and it is not unsigned
+                v1 = varoftype(lltype.Signed)
+                oplist = self.rewrite_operation(
+                    SpaceOperation('force_cast', [v_arg], v1)
+                )
+                if oplist:
+                    ops.extend(oplist)
+                else:
+                    v1 = v_arg
+                op = self.rewrite_operation(
+                    SpaceOperation('cast_int_to_float', [v1], v2)
+                )
+                ops.append(op)
             else:
-                v1 = v_arg
-            v2 = varoftype(lltype.Float)
-            op = self.rewrite_operation(
-                SpaceOperation('cast_int_to_float', [v1], v2)
-            )
-            ops.append(op)
+                if sizesign == rffi.size_and_sign(lltype.Unsigned):
+                    opname = 'cast_uint_to_float'
+                elif sizesign == rffi.size_and_sign(lltype.SignedLongLong):
+                    opname = 'cast_longlong_to_float'
+                elif sizesign == rffi.size_and_sign(lltype.UnsignedLongLong):
+                    opname = 'cast_ulonglong_to_float'
+                else:
+                    raise AssertionError('cast_x_to_float: %r' % (sizesign,))
+                ops1 = self.rewrite_operation(
+                    SpaceOperation(opname, [v_arg], v2)
+                )
+                if not isinstance(ops1, list): ops1 = [ops1]
+                ops.extend(ops1)
             op2 = self.rewrite_operation(
                 SpaceOperation('force_cast', [v2], v_result)
             )
             if op2:
                 ops.append(op2)
             else:
-                op.result = v_result
+                ops[-1].result = v_result
             return ops
         elif float_arg and not float_res:
             # some float -> some int
@@ -854,18 +917,36 @@
                 ops.append(op1)
             else:
                 v1 = v_arg
-            v2 = varoftype(lltype.Signed)
-            op = self.rewrite_operation(
-                SpaceOperation('cast_float_to_int', [v1], v2)
-            )
-            ops.append(op)
-            oplist = self.rewrite_operation(
-                SpaceOperation('force_cast', [v2], v_result)
-            )
-            if oplist:
-                ops.extend(oplist)
+            sizesign = rffi.size_and_sign(v_result.concretetype)
+            if sizesign <= rffi.size_and_sign(lltype.Signed):
+                # cast to a type that fits in an int: either the size is
+                # smaller, or it is equal and it is not unsigned
+                v2 = varoftype(lltype.Signed)
+                op = self.rewrite_operation(
+                    SpaceOperation('cast_float_to_int', [v1], v2)
+                )
+                ops.append(op)
+                oplist = self.rewrite_operation(
+                    SpaceOperation('force_cast', [v2], v_result)
+                )
+                if oplist:
+                    ops.extend(oplist)
+                else:
+                    op.result = v_result
             else:
-                op.result = v_result
+                if sizesign == rffi.size_and_sign(lltype.Unsigned):
+                    opname = 'cast_float_to_uint'
+                elif sizesign == rffi.size_and_sign(lltype.SignedLongLong):
+                    opname = 'cast_float_to_longlong'
+                elif sizesign == rffi.size_and_sign(lltype.UnsignedLongLong):
+                    opname = 'cast_float_to_ulonglong'
+                else:
+                    raise AssertionError('cast_float_to_x: %r' % (sizesign,))
+                ops1 = self.rewrite_operation(
+                    SpaceOperation(opname, [v1], v_result)
+                )
+                if not isinstance(ops1, list): ops1 = [ops1]
+                ops.extend(ops1)
             return ops
         else:
             assert False
@@ -1071,8 +1152,6 @@
     # The new operation is optionally further processed by rewrite_operation().
     for _old, _new in [('bool_not', 'int_is_zero'),
                        ('cast_bool_to_float', 'cast_int_to_float'),
-                       ('cast_uint_to_float', 'cast_int_to_float'),
-                       ('cast_float_to_uint', 'cast_float_to_int'),
 
                        ('int_add_nonneg_ovf', 'int_add_ovf'),
                        ('keepalive', '-live-'),
@@ -1543,6 +1622,10 @@
     def rewrite_op_jit_force_virtual(self, op):
         return self._do_builtin_call(op)
 
+    def rewrite_op_jit_is_virtual(self, op):
+        raise Exception, (
+            "'vref.virtual' should not be used from jit-visible code")
+
     def rewrite_op_jit_force_virtualizable(self, op):
         # this one is for virtualizables
         vinfo = self.get_vinfo(op.args[0])
diff --git a/pypy/jit/codewriter/support.py b/pypy/jit/codewriter/support.py
--- a/pypy/jit/codewriter/support.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/codewriter/support.py
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 from pypy.translator.simplify import get_funcobj
 from pypy.translator.unsimplify import split_block
 from pypy.objspace.flow.model import Constant
-from pypy import conftest
 from pypy.translator.translator import TranslationContext
 from pypy.annotation.policy import AnnotatorPolicy
 from pypy.annotation import model as annmodel
@@ -48,15 +47,13 @@
     a.build_types(func, argtypes, main_entry_point=True)
     rtyper = t.buildrtyper(type_system = type_system)
     rtyper.specialize()
-    if inline:
-        auto_inlining(t, threshold=inline)
+    #if inline:
+    #    auto_inlining(t, threshold=inline)
     if backendoptimize:
         from pypy.translator.backendopt.all import backend_optimizations
         backend_optimizations(t, inline_threshold=inline or 0,
                 remove_asserts=True, really_remove_asserts=True)
 
-    #if conftest.option.view:
-    #    t.view()
     return rtyper
 
 def getgraph(func, values):
@@ -232,6 +229,17 @@
     else:
         return x
 
+def _ll_1_cast_uint_to_float(x):
+    # XXX on 32-bit platforms, this should be done using cast_longlong_to_float
+    # (which is a residual call right now in the x86 backend)
+    return llop.cast_uint_to_float(lltype.Float, x)
+
+def _ll_1_cast_float_to_uint(x):
+    # XXX on 32-bit platforms, this should be done using cast_float_to_longlong
+    # (which is a residual call right now in the x86 backend)
+    return llop.cast_float_to_uint(lltype.Unsigned, x)
+
+
 # math support
 # ------------
 
@@ -456,6 +464,8 @@
         return LLtypeHelpers._dictnext_items(lltype.Ptr(RES), iter)
     _ll_1_dictiter_nextitems.need_result_type = True
 
+    _ll_1_dict_resize = ll_rdict.ll_dict_resize
+
     # ---------- strings and unicode ----------
 
     _ll_1_str_str2unicode = ll_rstr.LLHelpers.ll_str2unicode
diff --git a/pypy/jit/codewriter/test/test_flatten.py b/pypy/jit/codewriter/test/test_flatten.py
--- a/pypy/jit/codewriter/test/test_flatten.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/codewriter/test/test_flatten.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, rclass, rstr
 from pypy.objspace.flow.model import SpaceOperation, Variable, Constant
 from pypy.translator.unsimplify import varoftype
-from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import ovfcheck, r_uint
+from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import ovfcheck, r_uint, r_longlong, r_ulonglong
 from pypy.rlib.jit import dont_look_inside, _we_are_jitted, JitDriver
 from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import keepalive_until_here
 from pypy.rlib import jit
@@ -70,7 +70,8 @@
         return 'residual'
     def getcalldescr(self, op, oopspecindex=None, extraeffect=None):
         try:
-            if 'cannot_raise' in op.args[0].value._obj.graph.name:
+            name = op.args[0].value._obj._name
+            if 'cannot_raise' in name or name.startswith('cast_'):
                 return self._descr_cannot_raise
         except AttributeError:
             pass
@@ -900,6 +901,67 @@
             int_return %i4
         """, transform=True)
 
+        def f(dbl):
+            return rffi.cast(rffi.UCHAR, dbl)
+        self.encoding_test(f, [12.456], """
+            cast_float_to_int %f0 -> %i0
+            int_and %i0, $255 -> %i1
+            int_return %i1
+        """, transform=True)
+
+        def f(dbl):
+            return rffi.cast(lltype.Unsigned, dbl)
+        self.encoding_test(f, [12.456], """
+            residual_call_irf_i $<* fn cast_float_to_uint>, <Descr>, I[], R[], F[%f0] -> %i0
+            int_return %i0
+        """, transform=True)
+
+        def f(i):
+            return rffi.cast(lltype.Float, chr(i))    # "char -> float"
+        self.encoding_test(f, [12], """
+            cast_int_to_float %i0 -> %f0
+            float_return %f0
+        """, transform=True)
+
+        def f(i):
+            return rffi.cast(lltype.Float, r_uint(i))    # "uint -> float"
+        self.encoding_test(f, [12], """
+            residual_call_irf_f $<* fn cast_uint_to_float>, <Descr>, I[%i0], R[], F[] -> %f0
+            float_return %f0
+        """, transform=True)
+
+        if not longlong.is_64_bit:
+            def f(dbl):
+                return rffi.cast(lltype.SignedLongLong, dbl)
+            self.encoding_test(f, [12.3], """
+                residual_call_irf_f $<* fn llong_from_float>, <Descr>, I[], R[], F[%f0] -> %f1
+                float_return %f1
+            """, transform=True)
+
+            def f(dbl):
+                return rffi.cast(lltype.UnsignedLongLong, dbl)
+            self.encoding_test(f, [12.3], """
+                residual_call_irf_f $<* fn ullong_from_float>, <Descr>, I[], R[], F[%f0] -> %f1
+                float_return %f1
+            """, transform=True)
+
+            def f(x):
+                ll = r_longlong(x)
+                return rffi.cast(lltype.Float, ll)
+            self.encoding_test(f, [12], """
+                residual_call_irf_f $<* fn llong_from_int>, <Descr>, I[%i0], R[], F[] -> %f0
+                residual_call_irf_f $<* fn llong_to_float>, <Descr>, I[], R[], F[%f0] -> %f1
+                float_return %f1
+            """, transform=True)
+
+            def f(x):
+                ll = r_ulonglong(x)
+                return rffi.cast(lltype.Float, ll)
+            self.encoding_test(f, [12], """
+                residual_call_irf_f $<* fn ullong_from_int>, <Descr>, I[%i0], R[], F[] -> %f0
+                residual_call_irf_f $<* fn ullong_u_to_float>, <Descr>, I[], R[], F[%f0] -> %f1
+                float_return %f1
+            """, transform=True)
 
     def test_direct_ptradd(self):
         from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import rffi
diff --git a/pypy/jit/codewriter/test/test_jtransform.py b/pypy/jit/codewriter/test/test_jtransform.py
--- a/pypy/jit/codewriter/test/test_jtransform.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/codewriter/test/test_jtransform.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import py
 import random
 try:
     from itertools import product
@@ -16,13 +15,13 @@
 
 from pypy.objspace.flow.model import FunctionGraph, Block, Link
 from pypy.objspace.flow.model import SpaceOperation, Variable, Constant
-from pypy.jit.codewriter.jtransform import Transformer
-from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import getkind
-from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, llmemory, rclass, rstr, rlist
+from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, llmemory, rclass, rstr
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem.module import ll_math
 from pypy.translator.unsimplify import varoftype
 from pypy.jit.codewriter import heaptracker, effectinfo
 from pypy.jit.codewriter.flatten import ListOfKind
+from pypy.jit.codewriter.jtransform import Transformer
+from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import getkind
 
 def const(x):
     return Constant(x, lltype.typeOf(x))
@@ -37,6 +36,8 @@
         return ('calldescr', FUNC, ARGS, RESULT)
     def fielddescrof(self, STRUCT, name):
         return ('fielddescr', STRUCT, name)
+    def interiorfielddescrof(self, ARRAY, name):
+        return ('interiorfielddescr', ARRAY, name)
     def arraydescrof(self, ARRAY):
         return FakeDescr(('arraydescr', ARRAY))
     def sizeof(self, STRUCT):
@@ -539,7 +540,7 @@
 
 def test_rename_on_links():
     v1 = Variable()
-    v2 = Variable()
+    v2 = Variable(); v2.concretetype = llmemory.Address
     v3 = Variable()
     block = Block([v1])
     block.operations = [SpaceOperation('cast_pointer', [v1], v2)]
@@ -575,10 +576,10 @@
         assert op1.args == [v2]
 
 def test_ptr_eq():
-    v1 = varoftype(rclass.OBJECTPTR)
-    v2 = varoftype(rclass.OBJECTPTR)
+    v1 = varoftype(lltype.Ptr(rstr.STR))
+    v2 = varoftype(lltype.Ptr(rstr.STR))
     v3 = varoftype(lltype.Bool)
-    c0 = const(lltype.nullptr(rclass.OBJECT))
+    c0 = const(lltype.nullptr(rstr.STR))
     #
     for opname, reducedname in [('ptr_eq', 'ptr_iszero'),
                                 ('ptr_ne', 'ptr_nonzero')]:
@@ -597,6 +598,31 @@
         assert op1.opname == reducedname
         assert op1.args == [v2]
 
+def test_instance_ptr_eq():
+    v1 = varoftype(rclass.OBJECTPTR)
+    v2 = varoftype(rclass.OBJECTPTR)
+    v3 = varoftype(lltype.Bool)
+    c0 = const(lltype.nullptr(rclass.OBJECT))
+
+    for opname, newopname, reducedname in [
+        ('ptr_eq', 'instance_ptr_eq', 'instance_ptr_iszero'),
+        ('ptr_ne', 'instance_ptr_ne', 'instance_ptr_nonzero')
+    ]:
+        op = SpaceOperation(opname, [v1, v2], v3)
+        op1 = Transformer().rewrite_operation(op)
+        assert op1.opname == newopname
+        assert op1.args == [v1, v2]
+
+        op = SpaceOperation(opname, [v1, c0], v3)
+        op1 = Transformer().rewrite_operation(op)
+        assert op1.opname == reducedname
+        assert op1.args == [v1]
+
+        op = SpaceOperation(opname, [c0, v1], v3)
+        op1 = Transformer().rewrite_operation(op)
+        assert op1.opname == reducedname
+        assert op1.args == [v1]
+
 def test_nongc_ptr_eq():
     v1 = varoftype(rclass.NONGCOBJECTPTR)
     v2 = varoftype(rclass.NONGCOBJECTPTR)
@@ -676,6 +702,22 @@
     assert op1.args == [v, v_index]
     assert op1.result == v_result
 
+def test_dict_getinteriorfield():
+    DICT = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Struct('ENTRY', ('v', lltype.Signed),
+                                        ('k', lltype.Signed)))
+    v = varoftype(lltype.Ptr(DICT))
+    i = varoftype(lltype.Signed)
+    v_result = varoftype(lltype.Signed)
+    op = SpaceOperation('getinteriorfield', [v, i, Constant('v', lltype.Void)],
+                        v_result)
+    op1 = Transformer(FakeCPU()).rewrite_operation(op)
+    assert op1.opname == 'getinteriorfield_gc_i'
+    assert op1.args == [v, i, ('interiorfielddescr', DICT, 'v')]
+    op = SpaceOperation('getinteriorfield', [v, i, Constant('v', lltype.Void)],
+                        Constant(None, lltype.Void))
+    op1 = Transformer(FakeCPU()).rewrite_operation(op)
+    assert op1 is None
+
 def test_str_setinteriorfield():
     v = varoftype(lltype.Ptr(rstr.STR))
     v_index = varoftype(lltype.Signed)
@@ -702,6 +744,23 @@
     assert op1.args == [v, v_index, v_newchr]
     assert op1.result == v_void
 
+def test_dict_setinteriorfield():
+    DICT = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Struct('ENTRY', ('v', lltype.Signed),
+                                        ('k', lltype.Signed)))
+    v = varoftype(lltype.Ptr(DICT))
+    i = varoftype(lltype.Signed)
+    v_void = varoftype(lltype.Void)
+    op = SpaceOperation('setinteriorfield', [v, i, Constant('v', lltype.Void),
+                                             i],
+                        v_void)
+    op1 = Transformer(FakeCPU()).rewrite_operation(op)
+    assert op1.opname == 'setinteriorfield_gc_i'
+    assert op1.args == [v, i, i, ('interiorfielddescr', DICT, 'v')]
+    op = SpaceOperation('setinteriorfield', [v, i, Constant('v', lltype.Void),
+                                             v_void], v_void)
+    op1 = Transformer(FakeCPU()).rewrite_operation(op)
+    assert not op1
+
 def test_promote_1():
     v1 = varoftype(lltype.Signed)
     v2 = varoftype(lltype.Signed)
@@ -1069,3 +1128,16 @@
                         varoftype(lltype.Signed))
     tr = Transformer(None, None)
     raises(NotImplementedError, tr.rewrite_operation, op)
+
+def test_cast_opaque_ptr():
+    S = lltype.GcStruct("S", ("x", lltype.Signed))
+    v1 = varoftype(lltype.Ptr(S))
+    v2 = varoftype(lltype.Ptr(rclass.OBJECT))
+
+    op = SpaceOperation('cast_opaque_ptr', [v1], v2)
+    tr = Transformer()
+    [op1, op2] = tr.rewrite_operation(op)
+    assert op1.opname == 'mark_opaque_ptr'
+    assert op1.args == [v1]
+    assert op1.result is None
+    assert op2 is None
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/blackhole.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/blackhole.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/blackhole.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/blackhole.py
@@ -2,11 +2,10 @@
 from pypy.rlib.rtimer import read_timestamp
 from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import intmask, LONG_BIT, r_uint, ovfcheck
 from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import we_are_translated
-from pypy.rlib.debug import debug_start, debug_stop
+from pypy.rlib.debug import debug_start, debug_stop, ll_assert
 from pypy.rlib.debug import make_sure_not_resized
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, llmemory, rclass
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem.lloperation import llop
-from pypy.rpython.llinterp import LLException
 from pypy.jit.codewriter.jitcode import JitCode, SwitchDictDescr
 from pypy.jit.codewriter import heaptracker, longlong
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.jitexc import JitException, get_llexception, reraise
@@ -500,9 +499,25 @@
     @arguments("r", returns="i")
     def bhimpl_ptr_nonzero(a):
         return bool(a)
-    @arguments("r", returns="r")
-    def bhimpl_cast_opaque_ptr(a):
-        return a
+    @arguments("r", "r", returns="i")
+    def bhimpl_instance_ptr_eq(a, b):
+        return a == b
+    @arguments("r", "r", returns="i")
+    def bhimpl_instance_ptr_ne(a, b):
+        return a != b
+    @arguments("r", returns="i")
+    def bhimpl_cast_ptr_to_int(a):
+        i = lltype.cast_ptr_to_int(a)
+        ll_assert((i & 1) == 1, "bhimpl_cast_ptr_to_int: not an odd int")
+        return i
+    @arguments("i", returns="r")
+    def bhimpl_cast_int_to_ptr(i):
+        ll_assert((i & 1) == 1, "bhimpl_cast_int_to_ptr: not an odd int")
+        return lltype.cast_int_to_ptr(llmemory.GCREF, i)
+
+    @arguments("r")
+    def bhimpl_mark_opaque_ptr(a):
+        pass
 
     @arguments("i", returns="i")
     def bhimpl_int_copy(a):
@@ -622,6 +637,9 @@
         a = longlong.getrealfloat(a)
         # note: we need to call int() twice to care for the fact that
         # int(-2147483648.0) returns a long :-(
+        # we could also call intmask() instead of the outermost int(), but
+        # it's probably better to explicitly crash (by getting a long) if a
+        # non-translated version tries to cast a too large float to an int.
         return int(int(a))
 
     @arguments("i", returns="f")
@@ -1145,6 +1163,26 @@
         array = cpu.bh_getfield_gc_r(vable, fdescr)
         return cpu.bh_arraylen_gc(adescr, array)
 
+    @arguments("cpu", "r", "i", "d", returns="i")
+    def bhimpl_getinteriorfield_gc_i(cpu, array, index, descr):
+        return cpu.bh_getinteriorfield_gc_i(array, index, descr)
+    @arguments("cpu", "r", "i", "d", returns="r")
+    def bhimpl_getinteriorfield_gc_r(cpu, array, index, descr):
+        return cpu.bh_getinteriorfield_gc_r(array, index, descr)
+    @arguments("cpu", "r", "i", "d", returns="f")
+    def bhimpl_getinteriorfield_gc_f(cpu, array, index, descr):
+        return cpu.bh_getinteriorfield_gc_f(array, index, descr)
+
+    @arguments("cpu", "r", "i", "d", "i")
+    def bhimpl_setinteriorfield_gc_i(cpu, array, index, descr, value):
+        cpu.bh_setinteriorfield_gc_i(array, index, descr, value)
+    @arguments("cpu", "r", "i", "d", "r")
+    def bhimpl_setinteriorfield_gc_r(cpu, array, index, descr, value):
+        cpu.bh_setinteriorfield_gc_r(array, index, descr, value)
+    @arguments("cpu", "r", "i", "d", "f")
+    def bhimpl_setinteriorfield_gc_f(cpu, array, index, descr, value):
+        cpu.bh_setinteriorfield_gc_f(array, index, descr, value)
+
     @arguments("cpu", "r", "d", returns="i")
     def bhimpl_getfield_gc_i(cpu, struct, fielddescr):
         return cpu.bh_getfield_gc_i(struct, fielddescr)
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/executor.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/executor.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/executor.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/executor.py
@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
 """This implements pyjitpl's execution of operations.
 """
 
-import py
-from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, llmemory, rstr
-from pypy.rpython.ootypesystem import ootype
-from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem.lloperation import llop
-from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import ovfcheck, r_uint, intmask, r_longlong
+from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, rstr
+from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import ovfcheck, r_longlong
 from pypy.rlib.rtimer import read_timestamp
 from pypy.rlib.unroll import unrolling_iterable
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import BoxInt, BoxPtr, BoxFloat, check_descr
@@ -123,6 +120,29 @@
     else:
         cpu.bh_setarrayitem_raw_i(arraydescr, array, index, itembox.getint())
 
+def do_getinteriorfield_gc(cpu, _, arraybox, indexbox, descr):
+    array = arraybox.getref_base()
+    index = indexbox.getint()
+    if descr.is_pointer_field():
+        return BoxPtr(cpu.bh_getinteriorfield_gc_r(array, index, descr))
+    elif descr.is_float_field():
+        return BoxFloat(cpu.bh_getinteriorfield_gc_f(array, index, descr))
+    else:
+        return BoxInt(cpu.bh_getinteriorfield_gc_i(array, index, descr))
+
+def do_setinteriorfield_gc(cpu, _, arraybox, indexbox, valuebox, descr):
+    array = arraybox.getref_base()
+    index = indexbox.getint()
+    if descr.is_pointer_field():
+        cpu.bh_setinteriorfield_gc_r(array, index, descr,
+                                     valuebox.getref_base())
+    elif descr.is_float_field():
+        cpu.bh_setinteriorfield_gc_f(array, index, descr,
+                                     valuebox.getfloatstorage())
+    else:
+        cpu.bh_setinteriorfield_gc_i(array, index, descr,
+                                     valuebox.getint())
+
 def do_getfield_gc(cpu, _, structbox, fielddescr):
     struct = structbox.getref_base()
     if fielddescr.is_pointer_field():
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/graphpage.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/graphpage.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/graphpage.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/graphpage.py
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@
     def get_display_text(self):
         return None
 
-def display_loops(loops, errmsg=None, highlight_loops=()):
-    graphs = [(loop, loop in highlight_loops) for loop in loops]    
+def display_loops(loops, errmsg=None, highlight_loops={}):
+    graphs = [(loop, highlight_loops.get(loop, 0)) for loop in loops]    
     for graph, highlight in graphs:
         for op in graph.get_operations():
             if is_interesting_guard(op):
@@ -65,8 +65,7 @@
     def add_graph(self, graph, highlight=False):
         graphindex = len(self.graphs)
         self.graphs.append(graph)
-        if highlight:
-            self.highlight_graphs[graph] = True
+        self.highlight_graphs[graph] = highlight
         for i, op in enumerate(graph.get_operations()):
             self.all_operations[op] = graphindex, i
 
@@ -126,10 +125,13 @@
             self.dotgen.emit('subgraph cluster%d {' % graphindex)
         label = graph.get_display_text()
         if label is not None:
-            if self.highlight_graphs.get(graph):
-                fillcolor = '#f084c2'
+            colorindex = self.highlight_graphs.get(graph, 0)
+            if colorindex == 1:
+                fillcolor = '#f084c2'    # highlighted graph
+            elif colorindex == 2:
+                fillcolor = '#808080'    # invalidated graph
             else:
-                fillcolor = '#84f0c2'
+                fillcolor = '#84f0c2'    # normal color
             self.dotgen.emit_node(graphname, shape="octagon",
                                   label=label, fillcolor=fillcolor)
             self.pendingedges.append((graphname,
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/heapcache.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/heapcache.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/heapcache.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/heapcache.py
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@
         self.clear_caches(opnum, descr, argboxes)
 
     def mark_escaped(self, opnum, argboxes):
-        idx = 0
         if opnum == rop.SETFIELD_GC:
             assert len(argboxes) == 2
             box, valuebox = argboxes
@@ -42,8 +41,20 @@
                 self.dependencies.setdefault(box, []).append(valuebox)
             else:
                 self._escape(valuebox)
-        # GETFIELD_GC doesn't escape it's argument
-        elif opnum != rop.GETFIELD_GC:
+        elif opnum == rop.SETARRAYITEM_GC:
+            assert len(argboxes) == 3
+            box, indexbox, valuebox = argboxes
+            if self.is_unescaped(box) and self.is_unescaped(valuebox):
+                self.dependencies.setdefault(box, []).append(valuebox)
+            else:
+                self._escape(valuebox)
+        # GETFIELD_GC, MARK_OPAQUE_PTR, PTR_EQ, and PTR_NE don't escape their
+        # arguments
+        elif (opnum != rop.GETFIELD_GC and
+              opnum != rop.MARK_OPAQUE_PTR and
+              opnum != rop.PTR_EQ and
+              opnum != rop.PTR_NE):
+            idx = 0
             for box in argboxes:
                 # setarrayitem_gc don't escape its first argument
                 if not (idx == 0 and opnum in [rop.SETARRAYITEM_GC]):
@@ -60,13 +71,13 @@
                 self._escape(dep)
 
     def clear_caches(self, opnum, descr, argboxes):
-        if opnum == rop.SETFIELD_GC:
-            return
-        if opnum == rop.SETARRAYITEM_GC:
-            return
-        if opnum == rop.SETFIELD_RAW:
-            return
-        if opnum == rop.SETARRAYITEM_RAW:
+        if (opnum == rop.SETFIELD_GC or
+            opnum == rop.SETARRAYITEM_GC or
+            opnum == rop.SETFIELD_RAW or
+            opnum == rop.SETARRAYITEM_RAW or
+            opnum == rop.SETINTERIORFIELD_GC or
+            opnum == rop.COPYSTRCONTENT or
+            opnum == rop.COPYUNICODECONTENT):
             return
         if rop._OVF_FIRST <= opnum <= rop._OVF_LAST:
             return
@@ -75,9 +86,9 @@
         if opnum == rop.CALL or opnum == rop.CALL_LOOPINVARIANT:
             effectinfo = descr.get_extra_info()
             ef = effectinfo.extraeffect
-            if ef == effectinfo.EF_LOOPINVARIANT or \
-               ef == effectinfo.EF_ELIDABLE_CANNOT_RAISE or \
-               ef == effectinfo.EF_ELIDABLE_CAN_RAISE:
+            if (ef == effectinfo.EF_LOOPINVARIANT or
+                ef == effectinfo.EF_ELIDABLE_CANNOT_RAISE or
+                ef == effectinfo.EF_ELIDABLE_CAN_RAISE):
                 return
             # A special case for ll_arraycopy, because it is so common, and its
             # effects are so well defined.
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/history.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/history.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/history.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/history.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 INT   = 'i'
 REF   = 'r'
 FLOAT = 'f'
+STRUCT = 's'
 HOLE  = '_'
 VOID  = 'v'
 
@@ -172,6 +173,11 @@
         """
         raise NotImplementedError
 
+    def is_array_of_structs(self):
+        """ Implement for array descr
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
     def is_pointer_field(self):
         """ Implement for field descr
         """
@@ -732,6 +738,7 @@
     failed_states = None
     retraced_count = 0
     terminating = False # see TerminatingLoopToken in compile.py
+    invalidated = False
     outermost_jitdriver_sd = None
     # and more data specified by the backend when the loop is compiled
     number = -1
@@ -934,6 +941,7 @@
         self.loops = []
         self.locations = []
         self.aborted_keys = []
+        self.invalidated_token_numbers = set()
 
     def set_history(self, history):
         self.operations = history.operations
@@ -1012,7 +1020,12 @@
             if loop in loops:
                 loops.remove(loop)
             loops.append(loop)
-        display_loops(loops, errmsg, extraloops)
+        highlight_loops = dict.fromkeys(extraloops, 1)
+        for loop in loops:
+            if hasattr(loop, '_looptoken_number') and (
+                    loop._looptoken_number in self.invalidated_token_numbers):
+                highlight_loops.setdefault(loop, 2)
+        display_loops(loops, errmsg, highlight_loops)
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------
 
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/memmgr.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/memmgr.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/memmgr.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/memmgr.py
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@
         debug_print("Loop tokens before:", oldtotal)
         max_generation = self.current_generation - (self.max_age-1)
         for looptoken in self.alive_loops.keys():
-            if 0 <= looptoken.generation < max_generation:
+            if (0 <= looptoken.generation < max_generation or
+                looptoken.invalidated):
                 del self.alive_loops[looptoken]
         newtotal = len(self.alive_loops)
         debug_print("Loop tokens freed: ", oldtotal - newtotal)
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/optimizer.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/optimizer.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/optimizer.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/optimizer.py
@@ -209,13 +209,19 @@
     def setfield(self, ofs, value):
         raise NotImplementedError
 
+    def getlength(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
     def getitem(self, index):
         raise NotImplementedError
 
-    def getlength(self):
+    def setitem(self, index, value):
         raise NotImplementedError
 
-    def setitem(self, index, value):
+    def getinteriorfield(self, index, ofs, default):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def setinteriorfield(self, index, ofs, value):
         raise NotImplementedError
 
 
@@ -283,11 +289,11 @@
             return self.optimizer.optpure.has_pure_result(opnum, args, descr)
         return False
 
-    def get_pure_result(self, key):    
+    def get_pure_result(self, key):
         if self.optimizer.optpure:
             return self.optimizer.optpure.get_pure_result(key)
         return None
-    
+
     def setup(self):
         pass
 
@@ -524,7 +530,7 @@
 
     def replace_op(self, old_op, new_op):
         # XXX: Do we want to cache indexes to prevent search?
-        i = len(self._newoperations) 
+        i = len(self._newoperations)
         while i > 0:
             i -= 1
             if self._newoperations[i] is old_op:
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/rewrite.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/rewrite.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/rewrite.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/rewrite.py
@@ -106,10 +106,9 @@
             self.make_equal_to(op.result, v1)
         else:
             self.emit_operation(op)
-
-        # Synthesize the reverse ops for optimize_default to reuse
-        self.pure(rop.INT_ADD, [op.result, op.getarg(1)], op.getarg(0))
-        self.pure(rop.INT_SUB, [op.getarg(0), op.result], op.getarg(1))
+            # Synthesize the reverse ops for optimize_default to reuse
+            self.pure(rop.INT_ADD, [op.result, op.getarg(1)], op.getarg(0))
+            self.pure(rop.INT_SUB, [op.getarg(0), op.result], op.getarg(1))
 
     def optimize_INT_ADD(self, op):
         v1 = self.getvalue(op.getarg(0))
@@ -122,10 +121,9 @@
             self.make_equal_to(op.result, v1)
         else:
             self.emit_operation(op)
-
-        # Synthesize the reverse op for optimize_default to reuse
-        self.pure(rop.INT_SUB, [op.result, op.getarg(1)], op.getarg(0))
-        self.pure(rop.INT_SUB, [op.result, op.getarg(0)], op.getarg(1))
+            # Synthesize the reverse op for optimize_default to reuse
+            self.pure(rop.INT_SUB, [op.result, op.getarg(1)], op.getarg(0))
+            self.pure(rop.INT_SUB, [op.result, op.getarg(0)], op.getarg(1))
 
     def optimize_INT_MUL(self, op):
         v1 = self.getvalue(op.getarg(0))
@@ -141,13 +139,13 @@
             self.make_constant_int(op.result, 0)
         else:
             for lhs, rhs in [(v1, v2), (v2, v1)]:
-                # x & (x -1) == 0 is a quick test for power of 2
-                if (lhs.is_constant() and
-                    (lhs.box.getint() & (lhs.box.getint() - 1)) == 0):
-                    new_rhs = ConstInt(highest_bit(lhs.box.getint()))
-                    op = op.copy_and_change(rop.INT_LSHIFT, args=[rhs.box, new_rhs])
-                    break
-
+                if lhs.is_constant():
+                    x = lhs.box.getint()
+                    # x & (x - 1) == 0 is a quick test for power of 2
+                    if x & (x - 1) == 0:
+                        new_rhs = ConstInt(highest_bit(lhs.box.getint()))
+                        op = op.copy_and_change(rop.INT_LSHIFT, args=[rhs.box, new_rhs])
+                        break
             self.emit_operation(op)
 
     def optimize_UINT_FLOORDIV(self, op):
@@ -339,7 +337,7 @@
     def optimize_INT_IS_ZERO(self, op):
         self._optimize_nullness(op, op.getarg(0), False)
 
-    def _optimize_oois_ooisnot(self, op, expect_isnot):
+    def _optimize_oois_ooisnot(self, op, expect_isnot, instance):
         value0 = self.getvalue(op.getarg(0))
         value1 = self.getvalue(op.getarg(1))
         if value0.is_virtual():
@@ -357,21 +355,28 @@
         elif value0 is value1:
             self.make_constant_int(op.result, not expect_isnot)
         else:
-            cls0 = value0.get_constant_class(self.optimizer.cpu)
-            if cls0 is not None:
-                cls1 = value1.get_constant_class(self.optimizer.cpu)
-                if cls1 is not None and not cls0.same_constant(cls1):
-                    # cannot be the same object, as we know that their
-                    # class is different
-                    self.make_constant_int(op.result, expect_isnot)
-                    return
+            if instance:
+                cls0 = value0.get_constant_class(self.optimizer.cpu)
+                if cls0 is not None:
+                    cls1 = value1.get_constant_class(self.optimizer.cpu)
+                    if cls1 is not None and not cls0.same_constant(cls1):
+                        # cannot be the same object, as we know that their
+                        # class is different
+                        self.make_constant_int(op.result, expect_isnot)
+                        return
             self.emit_operation(op)
 
+    def optimize_PTR_EQ(self, op):
+        self._optimize_oois_ooisnot(op, False, False)
+
     def optimize_PTR_NE(self, op):
-        self._optimize_oois_ooisnot(op, True)
+        self._optimize_oois_ooisnot(op, True, False)
 
-    def optimize_PTR_EQ(self, op):
-        self._optimize_oois_ooisnot(op, False)
+    def optimize_INSTANCE_PTR_EQ(self, op):
+        self._optimize_oois_ooisnot(op, False, True)
+
+    def optimize_INSTANCE_PTR_NE(self, op):
+        self._optimize_oois_ooisnot(op, True, True)
 
 ##    def optimize_INSTANCEOF(self, op):
 ##        value = self.getvalue(op.args[0])
@@ -450,6 +455,9 @@
         if v2.is_constant() and v2.box.getint() == 1:
             self.make_equal_to(op.result, v1)
             return
+        elif v1.is_constant() and v1.box.getint() == 0:
+            self.make_constant_int(op.result, 0)
+            return
         if v1.intbound.known_ge(IntBound(0, 0)) and v2.is_constant():
             val = v2.box.getint()
             if val & (val - 1) == 0 and val > 0: # val == 2**shift
@@ -457,10 +465,17 @@
                                         args = [op.getarg(0), ConstInt(highest_bit(val))])
         self.emit_operation(op)
 
-    def optimize_CAST_OPAQUE_PTR(self, op):
+    def optimize_MARK_OPAQUE_PTR(self, op):
         value = self.getvalue(op.getarg(0))
         self.optimizer.opaque_pointers[value] = True
-        self.make_equal_to(op.result, value)
+
+    def optimize_CAST_PTR_TO_INT(self, op):
+        self.pure(rop.CAST_INT_TO_PTR, [op.result], op.getarg(0))
+        self.emit_operation(op)
+
+    def optimize_CAST_INT_TO_PTR(self, op):
+        self.pure(rop.CAST_PTR_TO_INT, [op.result], op.getarg(0))
+        self.emit_operation(op)
 
 dispatch_opt = make_dispatcher_method(OptRewrite, 'optimize_',
         default=OptRewrite.emit_operation)
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/simplify.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/simplify.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/simplify.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/simplify.py
@@ -25,7 +25,8 @@
         #     but it's a bit hard to implement robustly if heap.py is also run
         pass
 
-    optimize_CAST_OPAQUE_PTR = optimize_VIRTUAL_REF
+    def optimize_MARK_OPAQUE_PTR(self, op):
+        pass
 
 
 dispatch_opt = make_dispatcher_method(OptSimplify, 'optimize_',
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/test/test_optimizebasic.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/test/test_optimizebasic.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/test/test_optimizebasic.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/test/test_optimizebasic.py
@@ -508,13 +508,13 @@
         ops = """
         [p0]
         guard_class(p0, ConstClass(node_vtable)) []
-        i0 = ptr_ne(p0, NULL)
+        i0 = instance_ptr_ne(p0, NULL)
         guard_true(i0) []
-        i1 = ptr_eq(p0, NULL)
+        i1 = instance_ptr_eq(p0, NULL)
         guard_false(i1) []
-        i2 = ptr_ne(NULL, p0)
+        i2 = instance_ptr_ne(NULL, p0)
         guard_true(i0) []
-        i3 = ptr_eq(NULL, p0)
+        i3 = instance_ptr_eq(NULL, p0)
         guard_false(i1) []
         jump(p0)
         """
@@ -935,7 +935,6 @@
         """
         self.optimize_loop(ops, expected)
 
-
     def test_virtual_constant_isnonnull(self):
         ops = """
         [i0]
@@ -951,6 +950,32 @@
         """
         self.optimize_loop(ops, expected)
 
+    def test_virtual_array_of_struct(self):
+        ops = """
+        [f0, f1, f2, f3]
+        p0 = new_array(2, descr=complexarraydescr)
+        setinteriorfield_gc(p0, 0, f0, descr=complexrealdescr)
+        setinteriorfield_gc(p0, 0, f1, descr=compleximagdescr)
+        setinteriorfield_gc(p0, 1, f2, descr=complexrealdescr)
+        setinteriorfield_gc(p0, 1, f3, descr=compleximagdescr)
+        f4 = getinteriorfield_gc(p0, 0, descr=complexrealdescr)
+        f5 = getinteriorfield_gc(p0, 1, descr=complexrealdescr)
+        f6 = float_mul(f4, f5)
+        f7 = getinteriorfield_gc(p0, 0, descr=compleximagdescr)
+        f8 = getinteriorfield_gc(p0, 1, descr=compleximagdescr)
+        f9 = float_mul(f7, f8)
+        f10 = float_add(f6, f9)
+        finish(f10)
+        """
+        expected = """
+        [f0, f1, f2, f3]
+        f4 = float_mul(f0, f2)
+        f5 = float_mul(f1, f3)
+        f6 = float_add(f4, f5)
+        finish(f6)
+        """
+        self.optimize_loop(ops, expected)
+
     def test_nonvirtual_1(self):
         ops = """
         [i]
@@ -2026,7 +2051,7 @@
         ops = """
         [p1]
         guard_class(p1, ConstClass(node_vtable2)) []
-        i = ptr_ne(ConstPtr(myptr), p1)
+        i = instance_ptr_ne(ConstPtr(myptr), p1)
         guard_true(i) []
         jump(p1)
         """
@@ -2181,6 +2206,17 @@
         """
         self.optimize_loop(ops, expected)
 
+        ops = """
+        [i0]
+        i1 = int_floordiv(0, i0)
+        jump(i1)
+        """
+        expected = """
+        [i0]
+        jump(0)
+        """
+        self.optimize_loop(ops, expected)
+
     def test_fold_partially_constant_ops_ovf(self):
         ops = """
         [i0]
@@ -4170,10 +4206,12 @@
         class FakeCallInfoCollection:
             def callinfo_for_oopspec(self, oopspecindex):
                 calldescrtype = type(LLtypeMixin.strequaldescr)
+                effectinfotype = type(LLtypeMixin.strequaldescr.get_extra_info())
                 for value in LLtypeMixin.__dict__.values():
                     if isinstance(value, calldescrtype):
                         extra = value.get_extra_info()
-                        if extra and extra.oopspecindex == oopspecindex:
+                        if (extra and isinstance(extra, effectinfotype) and
+                            extra.oopspecindex == oopspecindex):
                             # returns 0 for 'func' in this test
                             return value, 0
                 raise AssertionError("not found: oopspecindex=%d" %
@@ -4789,6 +4827,18 @@
         """
         self.optimize_strunicode_loop(ops, expected)
 
+    def test_ptr_eq_str_constant(self):
+        ops = """
+        []
+        i0 = ptr_eq(s"abc", s"\x00")
+        finish(i0)
+        """
+        expected = """
+        []
+        finish(0)
+        """
+        self.optimize_loop(ops, expected)
+
 
 class TestLLtype(BaseTestOptimizeBasic, LLtypeMixin):
     pass
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/test/test_optimizeopt.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/test/test_optimizeopt.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/test/test_optimizeopt.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/test/test_optimizeopt.py
@@ -234,6 +234,30 @@
             """ % expected_value
             self.optimize_loop(ops, expected)
 
+    def test_reverse_of_cast(self):
+        ops = """
+        [i0]
+        p0 = cast_int_to_ptr(i0)
+        i1 = cast_ptr_to_int(p0)
+        jump(i1)
+        """
+        expected = """
+        [i0]
+        jump(i0)
+        """
+        self.optimize_loop(ops, expected)
+        ops = """
+        [p0]
+        i1 = cast_ptr_to_int(p0)
+        p1 = cast_int_to_ptr(i1)
+        jump(p1)
+        """
+        expected = """
+        [p0]
+        jump(p0)
+        """
+        self.optimize_loop(ops, expected)
+
     # ----------
 
     def test_remove_guard_class_1(self):
@@ -2659,7 +2683,7 @@
         ops = """
         [p1]
         guard_class(p1, ConstClass(node_vtable2)) []
-        i = ptr_ne(ConstPtr(myptr), p1)
+        i = instance_ptr_ne(ConstPtr(myptr), p1)
         guard_true(i) []
         jump(p1)
         """
@@ -3307,7 +3331,7 @@
         jump(p1, i1, i2, i6)
         '''
         self.optimize_loop(ops, expected, preamble)
-        
+
 
     # ----------
 
@@ -5776,10 +5800,12 @@
         class FakeCallInfoCollection:
             def callinfo_for_oopspec(self, oopspecindex):
                 calldescrtype = type(LLtypeMixin.strequaldescr)
+                effectinfotype = type(LLtypeMixin.strequaldescr.get_extra_info())
                 for value in LLtypeMixin.__dict__.values():
                     if isinstance(value, calldescrtype):
                         extra = value.get_extra_info()
-                        if extra and extra.oopspecindex == oopspecindex:
+                        if (extra and isinstance(extra, effectinfotype) and
+                            extra.oopspecindex == oopspecindex):
                             # returns 0 for 'func' in this test
                             return value, 0
                 raise AssertionError("not found: oopspecindex=%d" %
@@ -7256,7 +7282,7 @@
         ops = """
         [p1, p2]
         setarrayitem_gc(p1, 2, 10, descr=arraydescr)
-        setarrayitem_gc(p2, 3, 13, descr=arraydescr)        
+        setarrayitem_gc(p2, 3, 13, descr=arraydescr)
         call(0, p1, p2, 0, 0, 10, descr=arraycopydescr)
         jump(p1, p2)
         """
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/test/test_util.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/test/test_util.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/test/test_util.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/test/test_util.py
@@ -185,6 +185,18 @@
              EffectInfo([], [arraydescr], [], [arraydescr],
                         oopspecindex=EffectInfo.OS_ARRAYCOPY))
 
+
+    # array of structs (complex data)
+    complexarray = lltype.GcArray(
+        lltype.Struct("complex",
+            ("real", lltype.Float),
+            ("imag", lltype.Float),
+        )
+    )
+    complexarraydescr = cpu.arraydescrof(complexarray)
+    complexrealdescr = cpu.interiorfielddescrof(complexarray, "real")
+    compleximagdescr = cpu.interiorfielddescrof(complexarray, "imag")
+
     for _name, _os in [
         ('strconcatdescr',               'OS_STR_CONCAT'),
         ('strslicedescr',                'OS_STR_SLICE'),
@@ -240,7 +252,7 @@
 ##    def get_class_of_box(self, box):
 ##        root = box.getref(ootype.ROOT)
 ##        return ootype.classof(root)
-    
+
 ##    cpu = runner.OOtypeCPU(None)
 ##    NODE = ootype.Instance('NODE', ootype.ROOT, {})
 ##    NODE._add_fields({'value': ootype.Signed,
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/virtualize.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/virtualize.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/virtualize.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/virtualize.py
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
 
     def import_from(self, other, optimizer):
         raise NotImplementedError("should not be called at this level")
-    
+
 def get_fielddescrlist_cache(cpu):
     if not hasattr(cpu, '_optimizeopt_fielddescrlist_cache'):
         result = descrlist_dict()
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@
         #
         if not we_are_translated():
             op.name = 'FORCE ' + self.source_op.name
-            
+
         if self._is_immutable_and_filled_with_constants(optforce):
             box = optforce.optimizer.constant_fold(op)
             self.make_constant(box)
@@ -239,12 +239,12 @@
         for index in range(len(self._items)):
             self._items[index] = self._items[index].force_at_end_of_preamble(already_forced, optforce)
         return self
-    
+
     def _really_force(self, optforce):
         assert self.source_op is not None
         if not we_are_translated():
             self.source_op.name = 'FORCE ' + self.source_op.name
-        optforce.emit_operation(self.source_op)        
+        optforce.emit_operation(self.source_op)
         self.box = box = self.source_op.result
         for index in range(len(self._items)):
             subvalue = self._items[index]
@@ -271,20 +271,86 @@
     def _make_virtual(self, modifier):
         return modifier.make_varray(self.arraydescr)
 
+class VArrayStructValue(AbstractVirtualValue):
+    def __init__(self, arraydescr, size, keybox, source_op=None):
+        AbstractVirtualValue.__init__(self, keybox, source_op)
+        self.arraydescr = arraydescr
+        self._items = [{} for _ in xrange(size)]
+
+    def getlength(self):
+        return len(self._items)
+
+    def getinteriorfield(self, index, ofs, default):
+        return self._items[index].get(ofs, default)
+
+    def setinteriorfield(self, index, ofs, itemvalue):
+        assert isinstance(itemvalue, optimizer.OptValue)
+        self._items[index][ofs] = itemvalue
+
+    def _really_force(self, optforce):
+        assert self.source_op is not None
+        if not we_are_translated():
+            self.source_op.name = 'FORCE ' + self.source_op.name
+        optforce.emit_operation(self.source_op)
+        self.box = box = self.source_op.result
+        for index in range(len(self._items)):
+            for descr, value in self._items[index].iteritems():
+                subbox = value.force_box(optforce)
+                op = ResOperation(rop.SETINTERIORFIELD_GC,
+                    [box, ConstInt(index), subbox], None, descr=descr
+                )
+                optforce.emit_operation(op)
+
+    def _get_list_of_descrs(self):
+        descrs = []
+        for item in self._items:
+            item_descrs = item.keys()
+            sort_descrs(item_descrs)
+            descrs.append(item_descrs)
+        return descrs
+
+    def get_args_for_fail(self, modifier):
+        if self.box is None and not modifier.already_seen_virtual(self.keybox):
+            itemdescrs = self._get_list_of_descrs()
+            itemboxes = []
+            for i in range(len(self._items)):
+                for descr in itemdescrs[i]:
+                    itemboxes.append(self._items[i][descr].get_key_box())
+            modifier.register_virtual_fields(self.keybox, itemboxes)
+            for i in range(len(self._items)):
+                for descr in itemdescrs[i]:
+                    self._items[i][descr].get_args_for_fail(modifier)
+
+    def force_at_end_of_preamble(self, already_forced, optforce):
+        if self in already_forced:
+            return self
+        already_forced[self] = self
+        for index in range(len(self._items)):
+            for descr in self._items[index].keys():
+                self._items[index][descr] = self._items[index][descr].force_at_end_of_preamble(already_forced, optforce)
+        return self
+
+    def _make_virtual(self, modifier):
+        return modifier.make_varraystruct(self.arraydescr, self._get_list_of_descrs())
+
+
 class OptVirtualize(optimizer.Optimization):
     "Virtualize objects until they escape."
 
     def new(self):
         return OptVirtualize()
-        
+
     def make_virtual(self, known_class, box, source_op=None):
         vvalue = VirtualValue(self.optimizer.cpu, known_class, box, source_op)
         self.make_equal_to(box, vvalue)
         return vvalue
 
     def make_varray(self, arraydescr, size, box, source_op=None):
-        constvalue = self.new_const_item(arraydescr)
-        vvalue = VArrayValue(arraydescr, constvalue, size, box, source_op)
+        if arraydescr.is_array_of_structs():
+            vvalue = VArrayStructValue(arraydescr, size, box, source_op)
+        else:
+            constvalue = self.new_const_item(arraydescr)
+            vvalue = VArrayValue(arraydescr, constvalue, size, box, source_op)
         self.make_equal_to(box, vvalue)
         return vvalue
 
@@ -431,6 +497,34 @@
         value.ensure_nonnull()
         self.emit_operation(op)
 
+    def optimize_GETINTERIORFIELD_GC(self, op):
+        value = self.getvalue(op.getarg(0))
+        if value.is_virtual():
+            indexbox = self.get_constant_box(op.getarg(1))
+            if indexbox is not None:
+                descr = op.getdescr()
+                fieldvalue = value.getinteriorfield(
+                    indexbox.getint(), descr, None
+                )
+                if fieldvalue is None:
+                    fieldvalue = self.new_const(descr)
+                self.make_equal_to(op.result, fieldvalue)
+                return
+        value.ensure_nonnull()
+        self.emit_operation(op)
+
+    def optimize_SETINTERIORFIELD_GC(self, op):
+        value = self.getvalue(op.getarg(0))
+        if value.is_virtual():
+            indexbox = self.get_constant_box(op.getarg(1))
+            if indexbox is not None:
+                value.setinteriorfield(
+                    indexbox.getint(), op.getdescr(), self.getvalue(op.getarg(2))
+                )
+                return
+        value.ensure_nonnull()
+        self.emit_operation(op)
+
 
 dispatch_opt = make_dispatcher_method(OptVirtualize, 'optimize_',
         default=OptVirtualize.emit_operation)
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/virtualstate.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/virtualstate.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/virtualstate.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/virtualstate.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 class AbstractVirtualStateInfo(resume.AbstractVirtualInfo):
     position = -1
-    
+
     def generalization_of(self, other, renum, bad):
         raise NotImplementedError
 
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
                 s.debug_print(indent + "    ", seen, bad)
         else:
             debug_print(indent + "    ...")
-                
+
 
     def debug_header(self, indent):
         raise NotImplementedError
@@ -77,13 +77,15 @@
             bad[self] = True
             bad[other] = True
             return False
+
+        assert isinstance(other, AbstractVirtualStructStateInfo)
         assert len(self.fielddescrs) == len(self.fieldstate)
         assert len(other.fielddescrs) == len(other.fieldstate)
         if len(self.fielddescrs) != len(other.fielddescrs):
             bad[self] = True
             bad[other] = True
             return False
-        
+
         for i in range(len(self.fielddescrs)):
             if other.fielddescrs[i] is not self.fielddescrs[i]:
                 bad[self] = True
@@ -112,8 +114,8 @@
     def _enum(self, virtual_state):
         for s in self.fieldstate:
             s.enum(virtual_state)
-        
-        
+
+
 class VirtualStateInfo(AbstractVirtualStructStateInfo):
     def __init__(self, known_class, fielddescrs):
         AbstractVirtualStructStateInfo.__init__(self, fielddescrs)
@@ -128,13 +130,13 @@
 
     def debug_header(self, indent):
         debug_print(indent + 'VirtualStateInfo(%d):' % self.position)
-        
+
 class VStructStateInfo(AbstractVirtualStructStateInfo):
     def __init__(self, typedescr, fielddescrs):
         AbstractVirtualStructStateInfo.__init__(self, fielddescrs)
         self.typedescr = typedescr
 
-    def _generalization_of(self, other):        
+    def _generalization_of(self, other):
         if not isinstance(other, VStructStateInfo):
             return False
         if self.typedescr is not other.typedescr:
@@ -143,7 +145,7 @@
 
     def debug_header(self, indent):
         debug_print(indent + 'VStructStateInfo(%d):' % self.position)
-        
+
 class VArrayStateInfo(AbstractVirtualStateInfo):
     def __init__(self, arraydescr):
         self.arraydescr = arraydescr
@@ -157,11 +159,7 @@
             bad[other] = True
             return False
         renum[self.position] = other.position
-        if not isinstance(other, VArrayStateInfo):
-            bad[self] = True
-            bad[other] = True
-            return False
-        if self.arraydescr is not other.arraydescr:
+        if not self._generalization_of(other):
             bad[self] = True
             bad[other] = True
             return False
@@ -177,6 +175,10 @@
                 return False
         return True
 
+    def _generalization_of(self, other):
+        return (isinstance(other, VArrayStateInfo) and
+            self.arraydescr is other.arraydescr)
+
     def enum_forced_boxes(self, boxes, value, optimizer):
         assert isinstance(value, virtualize.VArrayValue)
         assert value.is_virtual()
@@ -192,8 +194,75 @@
 
     def debug_header(self, indent):
         debug_print(indent + 'VArrayStateInfo(%d):' % self.position)
-            
-        
+
+class VArrayStructStateInfo(AbstractVirtualStateInfo):
+    def __init__(self, arraydescr, fielddescrs):
+        self.arraydescr = arraydescr
+        self.fielddescrs = fielddescrs
+
+    def generalization_of(self, other, renum, bad):
+        assert self.position != -1
+        if self.position in renum:
+            if renum[self.position] == other.position:
+                return True
+            bad[self] = True
+            bad[other] = True
+            return False
+        renum[self.position] = other.position
+        if not self._generalization_of(other):
+            bad[self] = True
+            bad[other] = True
+            return False
+
+        assert isinstance(other, VArrayStructStateInfo)
+        if len(self.fielddescrs) != len(other.fielddescrs):
+            bad[self] = True
+            bad[other] = True
+            return False
+
+        p = 0
+        for i in range(len(self.fielddescrs)):
+            if len(self.fielddescrs[i]) != len(other.fielddescrs[i]):
+                bad[self] = True
+                bad[other] = True
+                return False
+            for j in range(len(self.fielddescrs[i])):
+                if self.fielddescrs[i][j] is not other.fielddescrs[i][j]:
+                    bad[self] = True
+                    bad[other] = True
+                    return False
+                if not self.fieldstate[p].generalization_of(other.fieldstate[p],
+                                                            renum, bad):
+                    bad[self] = True
+                    bad[other] = True
+                    return False
+                p += 1
+        return True
+
+    def _generalization_of(self, other):
+        return (isinstance(other, VArrayStructStateInfo) and
+            self.arraydescr is other.arraydescr)
+
+    def _enum(self, virtual_state):
+        for s in self.fieldstate:
+            s.enum(virtual_state)
+
+    def enum_forced_boxes(self, boxes, value, optimizer):
+        assert isinstance(value, virtualize.VArrayStructValue)
+        assert value.is_virtual()
+        p = 0
+        for i in range(len(self.fielddescrs)):
+            for j in range(len(self.fielddescrs[i])):
+                v = value._items[i][self.fielddescrs[i][j]]
+                s = self.fieldstate[p]
+                if s.position > self.position:
+                    s.enum_forced_boxes(boxes, v, optimizer)
+                p += 1
+
+    def debug_header(self, indent):
+        debug_print(indent + 'VArrayStructStateInfo(%d):' % self.position)
+
+
 class NotVirtualStateInfo(AbstractVirtualStateInfo):
     def __init__(self, value):
         self.known_class = value.known_class
@@ -277,7 +346,7 @@
             op = ResOperation(rop.GUARD_CLASS, [box, self.known_class], None)
             extra_guards.append(op)
             return
-        
+
         if self.level == LEVEL_NONNULL and \
                other.level == LEVEL_UNKNOWN and \
                isinstance(box, BoxPtr) and \
@@ -285,7 +354,7 @@
             op = ResOperation(rop.GUARD_NONNULL, [box], None)
             extra_guards.append(op)
             return
-        
+
         if self.level == LEVEL_UNKNOWN and \
                other.level == LEVEL_UNKNOWN and \
                isinstance(box, BoxInt) and \
@@ -309,7 +378,7 @@
                     op = ResOperation(rop.GUARD_TRUE, [res], None)
                     extra_guards.append(op)
             return
-        
+
         # Remaining cases are probably not interesting
         raise InvalidLoop
         if self.level == LEVEL_CONSTANT:
@@ -319,7 +388,7 @@
     def enum_forced_boxes(self, boxes, value, optimizer):
         if self.level == LEVEL_CONSTANT:
             return
-        assert 0 <= self.position_in_notvirtuals 
+        assert 0 <= self.position_in_notvirtuals
         boxes[self.position_in_notvirtuals] = value.force_box(optimizer)
 
     def _enum(self, virtual_state):
@@ -348,7 +417,7 @@
         lb = ''
         if self.lenbound:
             lb = ', ' + self.lenbound.bound.__repr__()
-        
+
         debug_print(indent + mark + 'NotVirtualInfo(%d' % self.position +
                     ', ' + l + ', ' + self.intbound.__repr__() + lb + ')')
 
@@ -370,7 +439,7 @@
                 return False
         return True
 
-    def generate_guards(self, other, args, cpu, extra_guards):        
+    def generate_guards(self, other, args, cpu, extra_guards):
         assert len(self.state) == len(other.state) == len(args)
         renum = {}
         for i in range(len(self.state)):
@@ -393,7 +462,7 @@
                     inputargs.append(box)
 
         assert None not in inputargs
-            
+
         return inputargs
 
     def debug_print(self, hdr='', bad=None):
@@ -412,7 +481,7 @@
 
     def register_virtual_fields(self, keybox, fieldboxes):
         self.fieldboxes[keybox] = fieldboxes
-        
+
     def already_seen_virtual(self, keybox):
         return keybox in self.fieldboxes
 
@@ -463,6 +532,9 @@
     def make_varray(self, arraydescr):
         return VArrayStateInfo(arraydescr)
 
+    def make_varraystruct(self, arraydescr, fielddescrs):
+        return VArrayStructStateInfo(arraydescr, fielddescrs)
+
 class BoxNotProducable(Exception):
     pass
 
@@ -501,12 +573,12 @@
             else: # Low priority
                 lo -= 1
         return alts
-            
+
     def renamed(self, box):
         if box in self.rename:
             return self.rename[box]
         return box
-    
+
     def add_to_short(self, box, op):
         if op:
             op = op.clone()
@@ -528,12 +600,12 @@
             self.optimizer.make_equal_to(newbox, value)
         else:
             self.short_boxes[box] = op
-        
+
     def produce_short_preamble_box(self, box):
         if box in self.short_boxes:
-            return 
+            return
         if isinstance(box, Const):
-            return 
+            return
         if box in self.potential_ops:
             ops = self.prioritized_alternatives(box)
             produced_one = False
@@ -570,7 +642,7 @@
             else:
                 debug_print(logops.repr_of_arg(box) + ': None')
         debug_stop('jit-short-boxes')
-        
+
     def operations(self):
         if not we_are_translated(): # For tests
             ops = self.short_boxes.values()
@@ -588,7 +660,7 @@
         if not isinstance(oldbox, Const) and newbox not in self.short_boxes:
             self.short_boxes[newbox] = self.short_boxes[oldbox]
         self.aliases[newbox] = oldbox
-        
+
     def original(self, box):
         while box in self.aliases:
             box = self.aliases[box]
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/vstring.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/vstring.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/vstring.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/optimizeopt/vstring.py
@@ -163,17 +163,6 @@
             for value in self._chars:
                 value.get_args_for_fail(modifier)
 
-    def FIXME_enum_forced_boxes(self, boxes, already_seen):
-        key = self.get_key_box()
-        if key in already_seen:
-            return
-        already_seen[key] = None
-        if self.box is None:
-            for box in self._chars:
-                box.enum_forced_boxes(boxes, already_seen)
-        else:
-            boxes.append(self.box)
-
     def _make_virtual(self, modifier):
         return modifier.make_vstrplain(self.mode is mode_unicode)
 
@@ -226,18 +215,6 @@
             self.left.get_args_for_fail(modifier)
             self.right.get_args_for_fail(modifier)
 
-    def FIXME_enum_forced_boxes(self, boxes, already_seen):
-        key = self.get_key_box()
-        if key in already_seen:
-            return
-        already_seen[key] = None
-        if self.box is None:
-            self.left.enum_forced_boxes(boxes, already_seen)
-            self.right.enum_forced_boxes(boxes, already_seen)
-            self.lengthbox = None
-        else:
-            boxes.append(self.box)
-
     def _make_virtual(self, modifier):
         return modifier.make_vstrconcat(self.mode is mode_unicode)
 
@@ -284,18 +261,6 @@
             self.vstart.get_args_for_fail(modifier)
             self.vlength.get_args_for_fail(modifier)
 
-    def FIXME_enum_forced_boxes(self, boxes, already_seen):
-        key = self.get_key_box()
-        if key in already_seen:
-            return
-        already_seen[key] = None
-        if self.box is None:
-            self.vstr.enum_forced_boxes(boxes, already_seen)
-            self.vstart.enum_forced_boxes(boxes, already_seen)
-            self.vlength.enum_forced_boxes(boxes, already_seen)
-        else:
-            boxes.append(self.box)
-
     def _make_virtual(self, modifier):
         return modifier.make_vstrslice(self.mode is mode_unicode)
 
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/pyjitpl.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/pyjitpl.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/pyjitpl.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/pyjitpl.py
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 
 
 class MIFrame(object):
+    debug = False
 
     def __init__(self, metainterp):
         self.metainterp = metainterp
@@ -164,7 +165,7 @@
         if not we_are_translated():
             for b in registers[count:]:
                 assert not oldbox.same_box(b)
-                
+
 
     def make_result_of_lastop(self, resultbox):
         got_type = resultbox.type
@@ -198,7 +199,7 @@
                     'float_add', 'float_sub', 'float_mul', 'float_truediv',
                     'float_lt', 'float_le', 'float_eq',
                     'float_ne', 'float_gt', 'float_ge',
-                    'ptr_eq', 'ptr_ne',
+                    'ptr_eq', 'ptr_ne', 'instance_ptr_eq', 'instance_ptr_ne',
                     ]:
         exec py.code.Source('''
             @arguments("box", "box")
@@ -222,6 +223,7 @@
                     'cast_float_to_int', 'cast_int_to_float',
                     'cast_float_to_singlefloat', 'cast_singlefloat_to_float',
                     'float_neg', 'float_abs',
+                    'cast_ptr_to_int', 'cast_int_to_ptr',
                     ]:
         exec py.code.Source('''
             @arguments("box")
@@ -238,8 +240,8 @@
         return self.execute(rop.PTR_EQ, box, history.CONST_NULL)
 
     @arguments("box")
-    def opimpl_cast_opaque_ptr(self, box):
-        return self.execute(rop.CAST_OPAQUE_PTR, box)
+    def opimpl_mark_opaque_ptr(self, box):
+        return self.execute(rop.MARK_OPAQUE_PTR, box)
 
     @arguments("box")
     def _opimpl_any_return(self, box):
@@ -547,6 +549,14 @@
     opimpl_getfield_gc_r_pure = _opimpl_getfield_gc_pure_any
     opimpl_getfield_gc_f_pure = _opimpl_getfield_gc_pure_any
 
+    @arguments("box", "box", "descr")
+    def _opimpl_getinteriorfield_gc_any(self, array, index, descr):
+        return self.execute_with_descr(rop.GETINTERIORFIELD_GC, descr,
+                                       array, index)
+    opimpl_getinteriorfield_gc_i = _opimpl_getinteriorfield_gc_any
+    opimpl_getinteriorfield_gc_f = _opimpl_getinteriorfield_gc_any
+    opimpl_getinteriorfield_gc_r = _opimpl_getinteriorfield_gc_any
+
     @specialize.arg(1)
     def _opimpl_getfield_gc_any_pureornot(self, opnum, box, fielddescr):
         tobox = self.metainterp.heapcache.getfield(box, fielddescr)
@@ -587,6 +597,15 @@
     opimpl_setfield_gc_r = _opimpl_setfield_gc_any
     opimpl_setfield_gc_f = _opimpl_setfield_gc_any
 
+    @arguments("box", "box", "box", "descr")
+    def _opimpl_setinteriorfield_gc_any(self, array, index, value, descr):
+        self.execute_with_descr(rop.SETINTERIORFIELD_GC, descr,
+                                array, index, value)
+    opimpl_setinteriorfield_gc_i = _opimpl_setinteriorfield_gc_any
+    opimpl_setinteriorfield_gc_f = _opimpl_setinteriorfield_gc_any
+    opimpl_setinteriorfield_gc_r = _opimpl_setinteriorfield_gc_any
+
+
     @arguments("box", "descr")
     def _opimpl_getfield_raw_any(self, box, fielddescr):
         return self.execute_with_descr(rop.GETFIELD_RAW, fielddescr, box)
@@ -2587,17 +2606,21 @@
         self.pc = position
         #
         if not we_are_translated():
-            print '\tpyjitpl: %s(%s)' % (name, ', '.join(map(repr, args))),
+            if self.debug:
+                print '\tpyjitpl: %s(%s)' % (name, ', '.join(map(repr, args))),
             try:
                 resultbox = unboundmethod(self, *args)
             except Exception, e:
-                print '-> %s!' % e.__class__.__name__
+                if self.debug:
+                    print '-> %s!' % e.__class__.__name__
                 raise
             if num_return_args == 0:
-                print
+                if self.debug:
+                    print
                 assert resultbox is None
             else:
-                print '-> %r' % (resultbox,)
+                if self.debug:
+                    print '-> %r' % (resultbox,)
                 assert argcodes[next_argcode] == '>'
                 result_argcode = argcodes[next_argcode + 1]
                 assert resultbox.type == {'i': history.INT,
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/quasiimmut.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/quasiimmut.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/quasiimmut.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/quasiimmut.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, rclass
 from pypy.rpython.annlowlevel import cast_base_ptr_to_instance
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.history import AbstractDescr
+from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import we_are_translated
 
 
 def get_mutate_field_name(fieldname):
@@ -50,13 +51,13 @@
 
 class QuasiImmut(object):
     llopaque = True
+    compress_limit = 30
     
     def __init__(self, cpu):
         self.cpu = cpu
         # list of weakrefs to the LoopTokens that must be invalidated if
         # this value ever changes
         self.looptokens_wrefs = []
-        self.compress_limit = 30
 
     def hide(self):
         qmut_ptr = self.cpu.ts.cast_instance_to_base_ref(self)
@@ -75,6 +76,8 @@
     def compress_looptokens_list(self):
         self.looptokens_wrefs = [wref for wref in self.looptokens_wrefs
                                       if wref() is not None]
+        # NB. we must keep around the looptoken_wrefs that are
+        # already invalidated; see below
         self.compress_limit = (len(self.looptokens_wrefs) + 15) * 2
 
     def invalidate(self):
@@ -86,7 +89,16 @@
         for wref in wrefs:
             looptoken = wref()
             if looptoken is not None:
+                looptoken.invalidated = True
                 self.cpu.invalidate_loop(looptoken)
+                # NB. we must call cpu.invalidate_loop() even if
+                # looptoken.invalidated was already set to True.
+                # It's possible to invalidate several times the
+                # same looptoken; see comments in jit.backend.model
+                # in invalidate_loop().
+                if not we_are_translated():
+                    self.cpu.stats.invalidated_token_numbers.add(
+                        looptoken.number)
 
 
 class QuasiImmutDescr(AbstractDescr):
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/resoperation.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/resoperation.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/resoperation.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/resoperation.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import we_are_translated
-from pypy.rlib.debug import make_sure_not_resized
 
 def ResOperation(opnum, args, result, descr=None):
     cls = opclasses[opnum]
@@ -405,8 +404,8 @@
     'FLOAT_TRUEDIV/2',
     'FLOAT_NEG/1',
     'FLOAT_ABS/1',
-    'CAST_FLOAT_TO_INT/1',
-    'CAST_INT_TO_FLOAT/1',
+    'CAST_FLOAT_TO_INT/1',          # don't use for unsigned ints; we would
+    'CAST_INT_TO_FLOAT/1',          # need some messy code in the backend
     'CAST_FLOAT_TO_SINGLEFLOAT/1',
     'CAST_SINGLEFLOAT_TO_FLOAT/1',
     #
@@ -433,10 +432,13 @@
     'INT_INVERT/1',
     #
     'SAME_AS/1',      # gets a Const or a Box, turns it into another Box
+    'CAST_PTR_TO_INT/1',
+    'CAST_INT_TO_PTR/1',
     #
     'PTR_EQ/2b',
     'PTR_NE/2b',
-    'CAST_OPAQUE_PTR/1b',
+    'INSTANCE_PTR_EQ/2b',
+    'INSTANCE_PTR_NE/2b',
     #
     'ARRAYLEN_GC/1d',
     'STRLEN/1',
@@ -455,6 +457,7 @@
 
     'GETARRAYITEM_GC/2d',
     'GETARRAYITEM_RAW/2d',
+    'GETINTERIORFIELD_GC/2d',
     'GETFIELD_GC/1d',
     'GETFIELD_RAW/1d',
     '_MALLOC_FIRST',
@@ -467,10 +470,12 @@
     'FORCE_TOKEN/0',
     'VIRTUAL_REF/2',         # removed before it's passed to the backend
     'READ_TIMESTAMP/0',
+    'MARK_OPAQUE_PTR/1b',
     '_NOSIDEEFFECT_LAST', # ----- end of no_side_effect operations -----
 
     'SETARRAYITEM_GC/3d',
     'SETARRAYITEM_RAW/3d',
+    'SETINTERIORFIELD_GC/3d',
     'SETFIELD_GC/2d',
     'SETFIELD_RAW/2d',
     'STRSETITEM/3',
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/resume.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/resume.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/resume.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/resume.py
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
         self.numberings = {}
         self.cached_boxes = {}
         self.cached_virtuals = {}
-    
+
         self.nvirtuals = 0
         self.nvholes = 0
         self.nvreused = 0
@@ -273,6 +273,9 @@
     def make_varray(self, arraydescr):
         return VArrayInfo(arraydescr)
 
+    def make_varraystruct(self, arraydescr, fielddescrs):
+        return VArrayStructInfo(arraydescr, fielddescrs)
+
     def make_vstrplain(self, is_unicode=False):
         if is_unicode:
             return VUniPlainInfo()
@@ -402,7 +405,7 @@
                 virtuals[num] = vinfo
 
         if self._invalidation_needed(len(liveboxes), nholes):
-            memo.clear_box_virtual_numbers()           
+            memo.clear_box_virtual_numbers()
 
     def _invalidation_needed(self, nliveboxes, nholes):
         memo = self.memo
@@ -455,7 +458,7 @@
 
     def debug_prints(self):
         raise NotImplementedError
-        
+
 class AbstractVirtualStructInfo(AbstractVirtualInfo):
     def __init__(self, fielddescrs):
         self.fielddescrs = fielddescrs
@@ -537,6 +540,29 @@
         for i in self.fieldnums:
             debug_print("\t\t", str(untag(i)))
 
+
+class VArrayStructInfo(AbstractVirtualInfo):
+    def __init__(self, arraydescr, fielddescrs):
+        self.arraydescr = arraydescr
+        self.fielddescrs = fielddescrs
+
+    def debug_prints(self):
+        debug_print("\tvarraystructinfo", self.arraydescr)
+        for i in self.fieldnums:
+            debug_print("\t\t", str(untag(i)))
+
+    @specialize.argtype(1)
+    def allocate(self, decoder, index):
+        array = decoder.allocate_array(self.arraydescr, len(self.fielddescrs))
+        decoder.virtuals_cache[index] = array
+        p = 0
+        for i in range(len(self.fielddescrs)):
+            for j in range(len(self.fielddescrs[i])):
+                decoder.setinteriorfield(i, self.fielddescrs[i][j], array, self.fieldnums[p])
+                p += 1
+        return array
+
+
 class VStrPlainInfo(AbstractVirtualInfo):
     """Stands for the string made out of the characters of all fieldnums."""
 
@@ -884,6 +910,17 @@
         self.metainterp.execute_and_record(rop.SETFIELD_GC, descr,
                                            structbox, fieldbox)
 
+    def setinteriorfield(self, index, descr, array, fieldnum):
+        if descr.is_pointer_field():
+            kind = REF
+        elif descr.is_float_field():
+            kind = FLOAT
+        else:
+            kind = INT
+        fieldbox = self.decode_box(fieldnum, kind)
+        self.metainterp.execute_and_record(rop.SETINTERIORFIELD_GC, descr,
+                                           array, ConstInt(index), fieldbox)
+
     def setarrayitem_int(self, arraydescr, arraybox, index, fieldnum):
         self._setarrayitem(arraydescr, arraybox, index, fieldnum, INT)
 
@@ -1164,6 +1201,17 @@
             newvalue = self.decode_int(fieldnum)
             self.cpu.bh_setfield_gc_i(struct, descr, newvalue)
 
+    def setinteriorfield(self, index, descr, array, fieldnum):
+        if descr.is_pointer_field():
+            newvalue = self.decode_ref(fieldnum)
+            self.cpu.bh_setinteriorfield_gc_r(array, index, descr, newvalue)
+        elif descr.is_float_field():
+            newvalue = self.decode_float(fieldnum)
+            self.cpu.bh_setinteriorfield_gc_f(array, index, descr, newvalue)
+        else:
+            newvalue = self.decode_int(fieldnum)
+            self.cpu.bh_setinteriorfield_gc_i(array, index, descr, newvalue)
+
     def setarrayitem_int(self, arraydescr, array, index, fieldnum):
         newvalue = self.decode_int(fieldnum)
         self.cpu.bh_setarrayitem_gc_i(arraydescr, array, index, newvalue)
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_ajit.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_ajit.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_ajit.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_ajit.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.typesystem import LLTypeHelper, OOTypeHelper
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.warmspot import get_stats
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.warmstate import set_future_value
+from pypy.rlib import rerased
 from pypy.rlib.jit import (JitDriver, we_are_jitted, hint, dont_look_inside,
     loop_invariant, elidable, promote, jit_debug, assert_green,
     AssertGreenFailed, unroll_safe, current_trace_length, look_inside_iff,
@@ -3435,12 +3436,133 @@
             return sa
         res = self.meta_interp(f, [16])
         assert res == f(16)
-        
+
+    def test_ptr_eq(self):
+        myjitdriver = JitDriver(greens = [], reds = ["n", "x"])
+        class A(object):
+            def __init__(self, v):
+                self.v = v
+        def f(n, x):
+            while n > 0:
+                myjitdriver.jit_merge_point(n=n, x=x)
+                z = 0 / x
+                a1 = A("key")
+                a2 = A("\x00")
+                n -= [a1, a2][z].v is not a2.v
+            return n
+        res = self.meta_interp(f, [10, 1])
+        assert res == 0
+
+    def test_instance_ptr_eq(self):
+        myjitdriver = JitDriver(greens = [], reds = ["n", "i", "a1", "a2"])
+        class A(object):
+            pass
+        def f(n):
+            a1 = A()
+            a2 = A()
+            i = 0
+            while n > 0:
+                myjitdriver.jit_merge_point(n=n, i=i, a1=a1, a2=a2)
+                if n % 2:
+                    a = a2
+                else:
+                    a = a1
+                i += a is a1
+                n -= 1
+            return i
+        res = self.meta_interp(f, [10])
+        assert res == f(10)
+        def f(n):
+            a1 = A()
+            a2 = A()
+            i = 0
+            while n > 0:
+                myjitdriver.jit_merge_point(n=n, i=i, a1=a1, a2=a2)
+                if n % 2:
+                    a = a2
+                else:
+                    a = a1
+                if a is a2:
+                    i += 1
+                n -= 1
+            return i
+        res = self.meta_interp(f, [10])
+        assert res == f(10)
+
+    def test_virtual_array_of_structs(self):
+        myjitdriver = JitDriver(greens = [], reds=["n", "d"])
+        def f(n):
+            d = None
+            while n > 0:
+                myjitdriver.jit_merge_point(n=n, d=d)
+                d = {"q": 1}
+                if n % 2:
+                    d["k"] = n
+                else:
+                    d["z"] = n
+                n -= len(d) - d["q"]
+            return n
+        res = self.meta_interp(f, [10])
+        assert res == 0
+
+    def test_virtual_dict_constant_keys(self):
+        myjitdriver = JitDriver(greens = [], reds = ["n"])
+        def g(d):
+            return d["key"] - 1
+
+        def f(n):
+            while n > 0:
+                myjitdriver.jit_merge_point(n=n)
+                n = g({"key": n})
+            return n
+
+        res = self.meta_interp(f, [10])
+        assert res == 0
+        self.check_loops({"int_sub": 1, "int_gt": 1, "guard_true": 1, "jump": 1})
+
+    def test_virtual_opaque_ptr(self):
+        myjitdriver = JitDriver(greens = [], reds = ["n"])
+        erase, unerase = rerased.new_erasing_pair("x")
+        @look_inside_iff(lambda x: isvirtual(x))
+        def g(x):
+            return x[0]
+        def f(n):
+            while n > 0:
+                myjitdriver.jit_merge_point(n=n)
+                x = []
+                y = erase(x)
+                z = unerase(y)
+                z.append(1)
+                n -= g(z)
+            return n
+        res = self.meta_interp(f, [10])
+        assert res == 0
+        self.check_loops({"int_sub": 1, "int_gt": 1, "guard_true": 1, "jump": 1})
+
+    def test_virtual_opaque_dict(self):
+        myjitdriver = JitDriver(greens = [], reds = ["n"])
+        erase, unerase = rerased.new_erasing_pair("x")
+        @look_inside_iff(lambda x: isvirtual(x))
+        def g(x):
+            return x[0]["key"] - 1
+        def f(n):
+            while n > 0:
+                myjitdriver.jit_merge_point(n=n)
+                x = [{}]
+                x[0]["key"] = n
+                x[0]["other key"] = n
+                y = erase(x)
+                z = unerase(y)
+                n = g(x)
+            return n
+        res = self.meta_interp(f, [10])
+        assert res == 0
+        self.check_loops({"int_sub": 1, "int_gt": 1, "guard_true": 1, "jump": 1})
+
 
 
 class TestLLtype(BaseLLtypeTests, LLJitMixin):
     def test_tagged(self):
-        py.test.skip("implement me")
         from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import UnboxedValue
         class Base(object):
             __slots__ = ()
@@ -3492,3 +3614,34 @@
                 pc += 1
             return pc
         res = self.meta_interp(main, [False, 100, True], taggedpointers=True)
+
+    def test_rerased(self):
+        eraseX, uneraseX = rerased.new_erasing_pair("X")
+        #
+        class X:
+            def __init__(self, a, b):
+                self.a = a
+                self.b = b
+        #
+        def f(i, j):
+            # 'j' should be 0 or 1, not other values
+            if j > 0:
+                e = eraseX(X(i, j))
+            else:
+                try:
+                    e = rerased.erase_int(i)
+                except OverflowError:
+                    return -42
+            if j & 1:
+                x = uneraseX(e)
+                return x.a - x.b
+            else:
+                return rerased.unerase_int(e)
+        #
+        x = self.interp_operations(f, [-128, 0], taggedpointers=True)
+        assert x == -128
+        bigint = sys.maxint//2 + 1
+        x = self.interp_operations(f, [bigint, 0], taggedpointers=True)
+        assert x == -42
+        x = self.interp_operations(f, [1000, 1], taggedpointers=True)
+        assert x == 999
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_dict.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_dict.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_dict.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_dict.py
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
         res1 = f(100)
         res2 = self.meta_interp(f, [100], listops=True)
         assert res1 == res2
-        self.check_loops(int_mod=1) # the hash was traced
+        self.check_loops(int_mod=1) # the hash was traced and eq, but cached
 
     def test_dict_setdefault(self):
         myjitdriver = JitDriver(greens = [], reds = ['total', 'dct'])
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@
         assert f(100) == 50
         res = self.meta_interp(f, [100], listops=True)
         assert res == 50
-        self.check_loops(int_mod=1)
+        self.check_loops(int_mod=1) # key + eq, but cached
 
     def test_repeated_lookup(self):
         myjitdriver = JitDriver(greens = [], reds = ['n', 'd'])
@@ -153,10 +153,12 @@
 
         res = self.meta_interp(f, [100], listops=True)
         assert res == f(50)
-        self.check_loops({"call": 7, "guard_false": 1, "guard_no_exception": 6,
+        self.check_loops({"call": 5, "getfield_gc": 1, "getinteriorfield_gc": 1,
+                          "guard_false": 1, "guard_no_exception": 4,
                           "guard_true": 1, "int_and": 1, "int_gt": 1,
                           "int_is_true": 1, "int_sub": 1, "jump": 1,
-                          "new_with_vtable": 1, "setfield_gc": 1})
+                          "new_with_vtable": 1, "new": 1, "new_array": 1,
+                          "setfield_gc": 3, })
 
 
 class TestOOtype(DictTests, OOJitMixin):
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_float.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_float.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_float.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_float.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-import math
+import math, sys
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.test.support import LLJitMixin, OOJitMixin
+from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import intmask, r_uint
 
 
 class FloatTests:
@@ -45,6 +46,34 @@
         res = self.interp_operations(f, [-2.0])
         assert res == -8.5
 
+    def test_cast_float_to_int(self):
+        def g(f):
+            return int(f)
+        res = self.interp_operations(g, [-12345.9])
+        assert res == -12345
+
+    def test_cast_float_to_uint(self):
+        def g(f):
+            return intmask(r_uint(f))
+        res = self.interp_operations(g, [sys.maxint*2.0])
+        assert res == intmask(long(sys.maxint*2.0))
+        res = self.interp_operations(g, [-12345.9])
+        assert res == -12345
+
+    def test_cast_int_to_float(self):
+        def g(i):
+            return float(i)
+        res = self.interp_operations(g, [-12345])
+        assert type(res) is float and res == -12345.0
+
+    def test_cast_uint_to_float(self):
+        def g(i):
+            return float(r_uint(i))
+        res = self.interp_operations(g, [intmask(sys.maxint*2)])
+        assert type(res) is float and res == float(sys.maxint*2)
+        res = self.interp_operations(g, [-12345])
+        assert type(res) is float and res == float(long(r_uint(-12345)))
+
 
 class TestOOtype(FloatTests, OOJitMixin):
     pass
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_heapcache.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_heapcache.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_heapcache.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_heapcache.py
@@ -371,3 +371,17 @@
         assert h.is_unescaped(box1)
         h.invalidate_caches(rop.SETARRAYITEM_GC, None, [box2, index1, box1])
         assert not h.is_unescaped(box1)
+
+        h = HeapCache()
+        h.new_array(box1, lengthbox1)
+        h.new(box2)
+        assert h.is_unescaped(box1)
+        assert h.is_unescaped(box2)
+        h.invalidate_caches(rop.SETARRAYITEM_GC, None, [box1, lengthbox2, box2])
+        assert h.is_unescaped(box1)
+        assert h.is_unescaped(box2)
+        h.invalidate_caches(
+            rop.CALL, FakeCallDescr(FakeEffektinfo.EF_RANDOM_EFFECTS), [box1]
+        )
+        assert not h.is_unescaped(box1)
+        assert not h.is_unescaped(box2)
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_memmgr.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_memmgr.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_memmgr.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_memmgr.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 class FakeLoopToken:
     generation = 0
+    invalidated = False
 
 
 class _TestMemoryManager:
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_quasiimmut.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_quasiimmut.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_quasiimmut.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_quasiimmut.py
@@ -48,6 +48,13 @@
 
 class QuasiImmutTests(object):
 
+    def setup_method(self, meth):
+        self.prev_compress_limit = QuasiImmut.compress_limit
+        QuasiImmut.compress_limit = 1
+
+    def teardown_method(self, meth):
+        QuasiImmut.compress_limit = self.prev_compress_limit
+
     def test_simple_1(self):
         myjitdriver = JitDriver(greens=['foo'], reds=['x', 'total'])
         class Foo:
@@ -289,7 +296,7 @@
             return total
 
         res = self.meta_interp(main, [])
-        self.check_loop_count(9)
+        self.check_tree_loop_count(6)
         assert res == main()
 
     def test_change_during_running(self):
@@ -317,7 +324,7 @@
         assert f(100, 15) == 3009
         res = self.meta_interp(f, [100, 15])
         assert res == 3009
-        self.check_loops(guard_not_invalidated=2, getfield_gc=0,
+        self.check_loops(guard_not_invalidated=4, getfield_gc=0,
                          call_may_force=0, guard_not_forced=0)
 
     def test_list_simple_1(self):
@@ -453,10 +460,30 @@
         assert f(100, 15) == 3009
         res = self.meta_interp(f, [100, 15])
         assert res == 3009
-        self.check_loops(guard_not_invalidated=2, getfield_gc=0,
+        self.check_loops(guard_not_invalidated=4, getfield_gc=0,
                          getarrayitem_gc=0, getarrayitem_gc_pure=0,
                          call_may_force=0, guard_not_forced=0)
 
+    def test_invalidated_loop_is_not_used_any_more_as_target(self):
+        myjitdriver = JitDriver(greens=['foo'], reds=['x'])
+        class Foo:
+            _immutable_fields_ = ['step?']
+        @dont_look_inside
+        def residual(x, foo):
+            if x == 20:
+                foo.step = 1
+        def f(x):
+            foo = Foo()
+            foo.step = 2
+            while x > 0:
+                myjitdriver.jit_merge_point(foo=foo, x=x)
+                residual(x, foo)
+                x -= foo.step
+            return foo.step
+        res = self.meta_interp(f, [60])
+        assert res == 1
+        self.check_tree_loop_count(4)   # at least not 2 like before
+
 
 class TestLLtypeGreenFieldsTests(QuasiImmutTests, LLJitMixin):
     pass
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_resume.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_resume.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_resume.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_resume.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from __future__ import with_statement
 import py
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, llmemory, rffi
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.optimizeopt.optimizer import OptValue
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_tracingopts.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_tracingopts.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_tracingopts.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_tracingopts.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.test.support import LLJitMixin
 from pypy.rlib import jit
 from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import ovfcheck
+from pypy.rlib.rstring import StringBuilder
 
 import py
 
@@ -590,4 +591,14 @@
         assert res == 4
         self.check_operations_history(int_add_ovf=0)
         res = self.interp_operations(fn, [sys.maxint])
-        assert res == 12
\ No newline at end of file
+        assert res == 12
+
+    def test_copy_str_content(self):
+        def fn(n):
+            a = StringBuilder()
+            x = [1]
+            a.append("hello world")
+            return x[0]
+        res = self.interp_operations(fn, [0])
+        assert res == 1
+        self.check_operations_history(getarrayitem_gc=0, getarrayitem_gc_pure=0 )
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_virtualref.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_virtualref.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_virtualref.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_virtualref.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 from pypy.rpython.llinterp import LLException
 from pypy.rlib.jit import JitDriver, dont_look_inside, vref_None
 from pypy.rlib.jit import virtual_ref, virtual_ref_finish, InvalidVirtualRef
+from pypy.rlib.jit import non_virtual_ref
 from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import compute_unique_id
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.test.support import LLJitMixin, OOJitMixin, _get_jitcodes
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.resoperation import rop
@@ -595,6 +596,65 @@
         res = self.meta_interp(fn, [10])
         assert res == 6
 
+    def test_is_virtual(self):
+        myjitdriver = JitDriver(greens=[], reds=['n', 'res1'])
+        class X:
+            pass
+        @dont_look_inside
+        def residual(vref):
+            return vref.virtual
+        #
+        def f(n):
+            res1 = -42
+            while n > 0:
+                myjitdriver.jit_merge_point(n=n, res1=res1)
+                x = X()
+                vref = virtual_ref(x)
+                res1 = residual(vref)
+                virtual_ref_finish(vref, x)
+                n -= 1
+            return res1
+        #
+        res = self.meta_interp(f, [10])
+        assert res == 1
+
+    def test_is_not_virtual_none(self):
+        myjitdriver = JitDriver(greens=[], reds=['n', 'res1'])
+        @dont_look_inside
+        def residual(vref):
+            return vref.virtual
+        #
+        def f(n):
+            res1 = -42
+            while n > 0:
+                myjitdriver.jit_merge_point(n=n, res1=res1)
+                res1 = residual(vref_None)
+                n -= 1
+            return res1
+        #
+        res = self.meta_interp(f, [10])
+        assert res == 0
+
+    def test_is_not_virtual_non_none(self):
+        myjitdriver = JitDriver(greens=[], reds=['n', 'res1'])
+        class X:
+            pass
+        @dont_look_inside
+        def residual(vref):
+            return vref.virtual
+        #
+        def f(n):
+            res1 = -42
+            while n > 0:
+                myjitdriver.jit_merge_point(n=n, res1=res1)
+                x = X()
+                res1 = residual(non_virtual_ref(x))
+                n -= 1
+            return res1
+        #
+        res = self.meta_interp(f, [10])
+        assert res == 0
+
 
 class TestLLtype(VRefTests, LLJitMixin):
     pass
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/virtualref.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/virtualref.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/virtualref.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/virtualref.py
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
     def replace_force_virtual_with_call(self, graphs):
         # similar to rvirtualizable2.replace_force_virtualizable_with_call().
         c_force_virtual_ptr = None
+        c_is_virtual_ptr = None
         force_virtual_count = 0
         for graph in graphs:
             for block in graph.iterblocks():
@@ -52,6 +53,13 @@
                         op.opname = 'direct_call'
                         op.args = [c_force_virtual_ptr, op.args[0]]
                         force_virtual_count += 1
+                    #
+                    if op.opname == 'jit_is_virtual':
+                        if c_is_virtual_ptr is None:
+                            c_is_virtual_ptr = self.get_is_virtual_fnptr()
+                        #
+                        op.opname = 'direct_call'
+                        op.args = [c_is_virtual_ptr, op.args[0]]
         #
         if c_force_virtual_ptr is not None:
             log("replaced %d 'jit_force_virtual' with %r" % (force_virtual_count,
@@ -129,6 +137,17 @@
             force_virtual_if_necessary)
         return inputconst(lltype.typeOf(funcptr), funcptr)
 
+    def get_is_virtual_fnptr(self):
+        #
+        def is_virtual(inst):
+            if not inst:
+                return False
+            return inst.typeptr == self.jit_virtual_ref_vtable
+        #
+        FUNC = lltype.FuncType([rclass.OBJECTPTR], lltype.Bool)
+        funcptr = self.warmrunnerdesc.helper_func(lltype.Ptr(FUNC), is_virtual)
+        return inputconst(lltype.typeOf(funcptr), funcptr)
+
     def force_virtual(self, inst):
         vref = lltype.cast_pointer(lltype.Ptr(self.JIT_VIRTUAL_REF), inst)
         token = vref.virtual_token
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/warmspot.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/warmspot.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/warmspot.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/warmspot.py
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@
         self.make_enter_functions()
         self.rewrite_jit_merge_points(policy)
 
-        verbose = not self.cpu.translate_support_code
+        verbose = False # not self.cpu.translate_support_code
         self.codewriter.make_jitcodes(verbose=verbose)
         self.rewrite_can_enter_jits()
         self.rewrite_set_param()
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/warmstate.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/warmstate.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/warmstate.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/warmstate.py
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@
         if self.compiled_merge_points_wref is not None:
             for wref in self.compiled_merge_points_wref:
                 looptoken = wref()
-                if looptoken is not None:
+                if looptoken is not None and not looptoken.invalidated:
                     result.append(looptoken)
         return result
 
diff --git a/pypy/module/__builtin__/__init__.py b/pypy/module/__builtin__/__init__.py
--- a/pypy/module/__builtin__/__init__.py
+++ b/pypy/module/__builtin__/__init__.py
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
         'map'           : 'app_functional.map',
         'reduce'        : 'app_functional.reduce',
         'filter'        : 'app_functional.filter',
+        'zip'           : 'app_functional.zip',
         'vars'          : 'app_inspect.vars',
         'dir'           : 'app_inspect.dir',
 
@@ -89,7 +90,6 @@
         'enumerate'     : 'functional.W_Enumerate',
         'min'           : 'functional.min',
         'max'           : 'functional.max',
-        'zip'           : 'functional.zip',
         'reversed'      : 'functional.reversed',
         'super'         : 'descriptor.W_Super',
         'staticmethod'  : 'descriptor.StaticMethod',
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@
            builtin = space.interpclass_w(w_builtin)
            if isinstance(builtin, module.Module):
                return builtin
-       # no builtin! make a default one.  Given them None, at least.
+       # no builtin! make a default one.  Give them None, at least.
        builtin = module.Module(space, None)
        space.setitem(builtin.w_dict, space.wrap('None'), space.w_None)
        return builtin
diff --git a/pypy/module/__builtin__/app_functional.py b/pypy/module/__builtin__/app_functional.py
--- a/pypy/module/__builtin__/app_functional.py
+++ b/pypy/module/__builtin__/app_functional.py
@@ -162,4 +162,21 @@
         item = seq[i]
         if func(item):
             result.append(item)
-    return tuple(result)
\ No newline at end of file
+    return tuple(result)
+
+def zip(*sequences):
+    """zip(seq1 [, seq2 [...]]) -> [(seq1[0], seq2[0] ...), (...)]
+
+Return a list of tuples, where each tuple contains the i-th element
+from each of the argument sequences.  The returned list is truncated
+in length to the length of the shortest argument sequence."""
+    if not sequences:
+        return []
+    result = []
+    iterators = [iter(seq) for seq in sequences]
+    while True:
+        try:
+            items = [next(it) for it in iterators]
+        except StopIteration:
+            return result
+        result.append(tuple(items))
diff --git a/pypy/module/__builtin__/app_io.py b/pypy/module/__builtin__/app_io.py
--- a/pypy/module/__builtin__/app_io.py
+++ b/pypy/module/__builtin__/app_io.py
@@ -27,7 +27,20 @@
     co = compile(source.rstrip()+"\n", filename, 'exec')
     exec co in glob, loc
 
-def raw_input(prompt=None):
+def _write_prompt(stdout, prompt):
+    print >> stdout, prompt,
+    try:
+        flush = stdout.flush
+    except AttributeError:
+        pass
+    else:
+        flush()
+    try:
+        stdout.softspace = 0
+    except (AttributeError, TypeError):
+        pass
+
+def raw_input(prompt=''):
     """raw_input([prompt]) -> string
 
 Read a string from standard input.  The trailing newline is stripped.
@@ -47,18 +60,10 @@
     if (hasattr(sys, '__raw_input__') and
         isinstance(stdin, file)  and stdin.fileno() == 0 and stdin.isatty() and
         isinstance(stdout, file) and stdout.fileno() == 1):
-        if prompt is None:
-            prompt = ''
-        return sys.__raw_input__(prompt)
+        _write_prompt(stdout, '')
+        return sys.__raw_input__(str(prompt))
 
-    if prompt is not None:
-        stdout.write(prompt)
-        try:
-            flush = stdout.flush
-        except AttributeError:
-            pass
-        else:
-            flush()
+    _write_prompt(stdout, prompt)
     line = stdin.readline()
     if not line:    # inputting an empty line gives line == '\n'
         raise EOFError
@@ -66,7 +71,7 @@
         return line[:-1]
     return line
 
-def input(prompt=None):
+def input(prompt=''):
     """Equivalent to eval(raw_input(prompt))."""
     return eval(raw_input(prompt))
 
diff --git a/pypy/module/__builtin__/compiling.py b/pypy/module/__builtin__/compiling.py
--- a/pypy/module/__builtin__/compiling.py
+++ b/pypy/module/__builtin__/compiling.py
@@ -84,8 +84,8 @@
         raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError,
               w('eval() arg 1 must be a string or code object'))
 
-    caller = space.getexecutioncontext().gettopframe_nohidden()
     if space.is_w(w_globals, space.w_None):
+        caller = space.getexecutioncontext().gettopframe_nohidden()
         if caller is None:
             w_globals = space.newdict()
             if space.is_w(w_locals, space.w_None):
@@ -97,13 +97,9 @@
     elif space.is_w(w_locals, space.w_None):
         w_locals = w_globals
 
-    try:
-        space.getitem(w_globals, space.wrap('__builtins__'))
-    except OperationError, e:
-        if not e.match(space, space.w_KeyError):
-            raise
-        if caller is not None:
-            w_builtin = space.builtin.pick_builtin(caller.w_globals)
-            space.setitem(w_globals, space.wrap('__builtins__'), w_builtin)
+    # xxx removed: adding '__builtins__' to the w_globals dict, if there
+    # is none.  This logic was removed as costly (it requires to get at
+    # the gettopframe_nohidden()).  I bet no test fails, and it's a really
+    # obscure case.
 
     return codeobj.exec_code(space, w_globals, w_locals)
diff --git a/pypy/module/__builtin__/functional.py b/pypy/module/__builtin__/functional.py
--- a/pypy/module/__builtin__/functional.py
+++ b/pypy/module/__builtin__/functional.py
@@ -201,27 +201,6 @@
     """
     return min_max(space, __args__, "min")
 
- at unwrap_spec(sequences_w="args_w")
-def zip(space, sequences_w):
-    """Return a list of tuples, where the nth tuple contains every nth item of
-    each collection.
-
-    If the collections have different lengths, zip returns a list as long as the
-    shortest collection, ignoring the trailing items in the other collections.
-    """
-    if not sequences_w:
-        return space.newlist([])
-    result_w = []
-    iterators_w = [space.iter(w_seq) for w_seq in sequences_w]
-    while True:
-        try:
-            items_w = [space.next(w_it) for w_it in iterators_w]
-        except OperationError, e:
-            if not e.match(space, space.w_StopIteration):
-                raise
-            return space.newlist(result_w)
-        result_w.append(space.newtuple(items_w))
-
 class W_Enumerate(Wrappable):
 
     def __init__(self, w_iter, w_start):
diff --git a/pypy/module/__builtin__/test/test_rawinput.py b/pypy/module/__builtin__/test/test_rawinput.py
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pypy/module/__builtin__/test/test_rawinput.py
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+import autopath
+
+
+class AppTestRawInput():
+
+    def test_input_and_raw_input(self):
+        import sys, StringIO
+        for prompt, expected in [("def:", "abc/ def:/ghi\n"),
+                                 ("", "abc/ /ghi\n"),
+                                 (42, "abc/ 42/ghi\n"),
+                                 (None, "abc/ None/ghi\n"),
+                                 (Ellipsis, "abc/ /ghi\n")]:
+            for inputfn, inputtext, gottext in [
+                    (raw_input, "foo\nbar\n", "foo"),
+                    (input, "40+2\n", 42)]:
+                save = sys.stdin, sys.stdout
+                try:
+                    sys.stdin = StringIO.StringIO(inputtext)
+                    out = sys.stdout = StringIO.StringIO()
+                    print "abc",    # softspace = 1
+                    out.write('/')
+                    if prompt is Ellipsis:
+                        got = inputfn()
+                    else:
+                        got = inputfn(prompt)
+                    out.write('/')
+                    print "ghi"
+                finally:
+                    sys.stdin, sys.stdout = save
+                assert out.getvalue() == expected
+                assert got == gottext
+
+    def test_softspace(self):
+        import sys
+        import StringIO
+        fin = StringIO.StringIO()
+        fout = StringIO.StringIO()
+
+        fin.write("Coconuts\n")
+        fin.seek(0)
+
+        sys_stdin_orig = sys.stdin
+        sys_stdout_orig = sys.stdout
+
+        sys.stdin = fin
+        sys.stdout = fout
+
+        print "test",
+        raw_input("test")
+
+        sys.stdin = sys_stdin_orig
+        sys.stdout = sys_stdout_orig
+
+        fout.seek(0)
+        assert fout.read() == "test test"
+
+    def test_softspace_carryover(self):
+        import sys
+        import StringIO
+        fin = StringIO.StringIO()
+        fout = StringIO.StringIO()
+
+        fin.write("Coconuts\n")
+        fin.seek(0)
+
+        sys_stdin_orig = sys.stdin
+        sys_stdout_orig = sys.stdout
+
+        sys.stdin = fin
+        sys.stdout = fout
+
+        print "test",
+        raw_input("test")
+        print "test",
+
+        sys.stdin = sys_stdin_orig
+        sys.stdout = sys_stdout_orig
+
+        fout.seek(0)
+        assert fout.read() == "test testtest"
diff --git a/pypy/module/_continuation/interp_continuation.py b/pypy/module/_continuation/interp_continuation.py
--- a/pypy/module/_continuation/interp_continuation.py
+++ b/pypy/module/_continuation/interp_continuation.py
@@ -19,6 +19,11 @@
         #  - normal:      self.sthread != None, not is_empty_handle(self.h)
         #  - finished:    self.sthread != None, is_empty_handle(self.h)
 
+    def __del__(self):
+        sthread = self.sthread
+        if sthread is not None and not sthread.is_empty_handle(self.h):
+            sthread.destroy(self.h)
+
     def check_sthread(self):
         ec = self.space.getexecutioncontext()
         if ec.stacklet_thread is not self.sthread:
@@ -28,6 +33,8 @@
     def descr_init(self, w_callable, __args__):
         if self.sthread is not None:
             raise geterror(self.space, "continulet already __init__ialized")
+        sthread = build_sthread(self.space)
+        workaround_disable_jit(sthread)
         #
         # hackish: build the frame "by hand", passing it the correct arguments
         space = self.space
@@ -41,7 +48,6 @@
         self.bottomframe = bottomframe
         #
         global_state.origin = self
-        sthread = build_sthread(self.space)
         self.sthread = sthread
         h = sthread.new(new_stacklet_callback)
         post_switch(sthread, h)
@@ -71,6 +77,7 @@
                 global_state.clear()
                 raise geterror(self.space, "continulet already finished")
         self.check_sthread()
+        workaround_disable_jit(self.sthread)
         #
         global_state.origin = self
         if to is None:
@@ -259,6 +266,16 @@
         sthread = ec.stacklet_thread = SThread(space, ec)
     return sthread
 
+def workaround_disable_jit(sthread):
+    # A bad workaround to kill the JIT anywhere in this thread.
+    # This forces all the frames.  It's a bad workaround because
+    # it takes O(depth) time, and it will cause some "abort:
+    # vable escape" in the JIT.  The goal is to prevent any frame
+    # from being still virtuals, because the JIT generates code
+    # to un-virtualizable them "on demand" by loading values based
+    # on FORCE_TOKEN, which is an address in the stack.
+    sthread.ec.force_all_frames()
+
 # ____________________________________________________________
 
 def permute(space, args_w):
diff --git a/pypy/module/_socket/interp_socket.py b/pypy/module/_socket/interp_socket.py
--- a/pypy/module/_socket/interp_socket.py
+++ b/pypy/module/_socket/interp_socket.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 class W_RSocket(Wrappable, RSocket):
     def __del__(self):
         self.clear_all_weakrefs()
-        self.close()
+        RSocket.__del__(self)
 
     def accept_w(self, space):
         """accept() -> (socket object, address info)
diff --git a/pypy/module/array/interp_array.py b/pypy/module/array/interp_array.py
--- a/pypy/module/array/interp_array.py
+++ b/pypy/module/array/interp_array.py
@@ -211,7 +211,9 @@
             return result
 
         def __del__(self):
-            self.clear_all_weakrefs()
+            # note that we don't call clear_all_weakrefs here because
+            # an array with freed buffer is ok to see - it's just empty with 0
+            # length
             self.setlen(0)
 
         def setlen(self, size):
diff --git a/pypy/module/array/test/test_array.py b/pypy/module/array/test/test_array.py
--- a/pypy/module/array/test/test_array.py
+++ b/pypy/module/array/test/test_array.py
@@ -824,6 +824,22 @@
         r = weakref.ref(a)
         assert r() is a
 
+    def test_subclass_del(self):
+        import array, gc, weakref
+        l = []
+        
+        class A(array.array):
+            pass
+
+        a = A('d')
+        a.append(3.0)
+        r = weakref.ref(a, lambda a: l.append(a()))
+        del a
+        gc.collect()
+        assert l
+        assert l[0] is None or len(l[0]) == 0
+
+
 class TestCPythonsOwnArray(BaseArrayTests):
 
     def setup_class(cls):
@@ -844,11 +860,7 @@
         cls.w_tempfile = cls.space.wrap(
             str(py.test.ensuretemp('array').join('tmpfile')))
         cls.w_maxint = cls.space.wrap(sys.maxint)
-
-
-
-
-
+    
     def test_buffer_info(self):
         a = self.array('c', 'Hi!')
         bi = a.buffer_info()
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_dtype.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_dtype.py
--- a/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_dtype.py
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_dtype.py
@@ -116,6 +116,12 @@
         def setitem_w(self, space, storage, i, w_item):
             self.setitem(storage, i, self.unwrap(space, w_item))
 
+        def fill(self, storage, item, start, stop):
+            storage = self.unerase(storage)
+            item = self.unbox(item)
+            for i in xrange(start, stop):
+                storage[i] = item
+
         if "adapt_val" not in exclude_methods:
             @specialize.argtype(1)
             def adapt_val(self, val):
@@ -182,9 +188,6 @@
     @binop
     def mul(self, v1, v2):
         return v1 * v2
-    @binop
-    def div(self, v1, v2):
-        return v1 / v2
 
     @unaryop
     def pos(self, v):
@@ -238,6 +241,14 @@
         return float2string(self.for_computation(self.unbox(item)), 'g', rfloat.DTSF_STR_PRECISION)
 
     @binop
+    def div(self, v1, v2):
+        try:
+            return v1 / v2
+        except ZeroDivisionError:
+            if v1 == v2 == 0.0:
+                return rfloat.NAN
+            return rfloat.copysign(rfloat.INFINITY, v1 * v2)
+    @binop
     def mod(self, v1, v2):
         return math.fmod(v1, v2)
     @binop
@@ -316,6 +327,11 @@
         return str(widen(self.unbox(item)))
 
     @binop
+    def div(self, v1, v2):
+        if v2 == 0:
+            return 0
+        return v1 / v2
+    @binop
     def mod(self, v1, v2):
         return v1 % v2
 
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_numarray.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_numarray.py
--- a/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_numarray.py
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_numarray.py
@@ -563,8 +563,7 @@
 
     arr = SingleDimArray(size, dtype=dtype)
     one = dtype.adapt_val(1)
-    for i in xrange(size):
-        arr.dtype.setitem(arr.storage, i, one)
+    arr.dtype.fill(arr.storage, one, 0, size)
     return space.wrap(arr)
 
 BaseArray.typedef = TypeDef(
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_numarray.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_numarray.py
--- a/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_numarray.py
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_numarray.py
@@ -285,7 +285,9 @@
             assert b[i] == i * 5
 
     def test_div(self):
-        from numpy import array, dtype
+        from math import isnan
+        from numpy import array, dtype, inf
+
         a = array(range(1, 6))
         b = a / a
         for i in range(5):
@@ -297,6 +299,24 @@
         for i in range(5):
             assert b[i] == 1
 
+        a = array([-1, 0, 1])
+        b = array([0, 0, 0])
+        c = a / b
+        assert (c == [0, 0, 0]).all()
+
+        a = array([-1.0, 0.0, 1.0])
+        b = array([0.0, 0.0, 0.0])
+        c = a / b
+        assert c[0] == -inf
+        assert isnan(c[1])
+        assert c[2] == inf
+
+        b = array([-0.0, -0.0, -0.0])
+        c = a / b
+        assert c[0] == inf
+        assert isnan(c[1])
+        assert c[2] == -inf
+
     def test_div_other(self):
         from numpy import array
         a = array(range(5))
diff --git a/pypy/module/pyexpat/__init__.py b/pypy/module/pyexpat/__init__.py
--- a/pypy/module/pyexpat/__init__.py
+++ b/pypy/module/pyexpat/__init__.py
@@ -4,12 +4,8 @@
 
 class ErrorsModule(MixedModule):
     "Definition of pyexpat.errors module."
-
-    appleveldefs = {
-        }
-
-    interpleveldefs = {
-        }
+    appleveldefs = {}
+    interpleveldefs = {}
 
     def setup_after_space_initialization(self):
         from pypy.module.pyexpat import interp_pyexpat
@@ -18,6 +14,18 @@
                     interp_pyexpat.ErrorString(self.space,
                     getattr(interp_pyexpat, name)))
 
+class ModelModule(MixedModule):
+    "Definition of pyexpat.model module."
+    appleveldefs = {}
+    interpleveldefs = {}
+
+    def setup_after_space_initialization(self):
+        from pypy.module.pyexpat import interp_pyexpat
+        space = self.space
+        for name in interp_pyexpat.xml_model_list:
+            value = getattr(interp_pyexpat, name)
+            space.setattr(self, space.wrap(name), space.wrap(value))
+
 class Module(MixedModule):
     "Python wrapper for Expat parser."
 
@@ -39,6 +47,7 @@
 
     submodules = {
         'errors': ErrorsModule,
+        'model':  ModelModule,
     }
 
     for name in ['XML_PARAM_ENTITY_PARSING_NEVER',
diff --git a/pypy/module/pyexpat/interp_pyexpat.py b/pypy/module/pyexpat/interp_pyexpat.py
--- a/pypy/module/pyexpat/interp_pyexpat.py
+++ b/pypy/module/pyexpat/interp_pyexpat.py
@@ -76,6 +76,18 @@
     "XML_ERROR_FINISHED",
     "XML_ERROR_SUSPEND_PE",
     ]
+xml_model_list = [
+    "XML_CTYPE_EMPTY",
+    "XML_CTYPE_ANY",
+    "XML_CTYPE_MIXED",
+    "XML_CTYPE_NAME",
+    "XML_CTYPE_CHOICE",
+    "XML_CTYPE_SEQ",
+    "XML_CQUANT_NONE",
+    "XML_CQUANT_OPT",
+    "XML_CQUANT_REP",
+    "XML_CQUANT_PLUS",
+    ]
 
 class CConfigure:
     _compilation_info_ = eci
@@ -104,6 +116,8 @@
 
     for name in xml_error_list:
         locals()[name] = rffi_platform.ConstantInteger(name)
+    for name in xml_model_list:
+        locals()[name] = rffi_platform.ConstantInteger(name)
 
 for k, v in rffi_platform.configure(CConfigure).items():
     globals()[k] = v
diff --git a/pypy/module/pyexpat/test/test_parser.py b/pypy/module/pyexpat/test/test_parser.py
--- a/pypy/module/pyexpat/test/test_parser.py
+++ b/pypy/module/pyexpat/test/test_parser.py
@@ -131,3 +131,7 @@
                'encoding specified in XML declaration is incorrect')
         assert (pyexpat.errors.XML_ERROR_XML_DECL ==
                 'XML declaration not well-formed')
+
+    def test_model(self):
+        import pyexpat
+        assert isinstance(pyexpat.model.XML_CTYPE_EMPTY, int)
diff --git a/pypy/module/pypyjit/interp_jit.py b/pypy/module/pypyjit/interp_jit.py
--- a/pypy/module/pypyjit/interp_jit.py
+++ b/pypy/module/pypyjit/interp_jit.py
@@ -137,20 +137,15 @@
 
     def jump_absolute(self, jumpto, _, ec=None):
         if we_are_jitted():
-            # Normally, the tick counter is decremented by 100 for every
-            # Python opcode.  Here, to better support JIT compilation of
-            # small loops, we decrement it by a possibly smaller constant.
-            # We get the maximum 100 when the (unoptimized) trace length
-            # is at least 3200 (a bit randomly).
-            trace_length = r_uint(current_trace_length())
-            decr_by = trace_length // 32
-            if decr_by < 1:
-                decr_by = 1
-            elif decr_by > 100:    # also if current_trace_length() returned -1
-                decr_by = 100
+            #
+            # assume that only threads are using the bytecode counter
+            decr_by = 0
+            if self.space.actionflag.has_bytecode_counter:   # constant-folded
+                if self.space.threadlocals.gil_ready:   # quasi-immutable field
+                    decr_by = _get_adapted_tick_counter()
             #
             self.last_instr = intmask(jumpto)
-            ec.bytecode_trace(self, intmask(decr_by))
+            ec.bytecode_trace(self, decr_by)
             jumpto = r_uint(self.last_instr)
         #
         pypyjitdriver.can_enter_jit(frame=self, ec=ec, next_instr=jumpto,
@@ -158,6 +153,20 @@
                                     is_being_profiled=self.is_being_profiled)
         return jumpto
 
+def _get_adapted_tick_counter():
+    # Normally, the tick counter is decremented by 100 for every
+    # Python opcode.  Here, to better support JIT compilation of
+    # small loops, we decrement it by a possibly smaller constant.
+    # We get the maximum 100 when the (unoptimized) trace length
+    # is at least 3200 (a bit randomly).
+    trace_length = r_uint(current_trace_length())
+    decr_by = trace_length // 32
+    if decr_by < 1:
+        decr_by = 1
+    elif decr_by > 100:    # also if current_trace_length() returned -1
+        decr_by = 100
+    return intmask(decr_by)
+
 
 PyCode__initialize = PyCode._initialize
 
diff --git a/pypy/module/pypyjit/policy.py b/pypy/module/pypyjit/policy.py
--- a/pypy/module/pypyjit/policy.py
+++ b/pypy/module/pypyjit/policy.py
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@
         if modname in ['pypyjit', 'signal', 'micronumpy', 'math', 'exceptions',
                        'imp', 'sys', 'array', '_ffi', 'itertools', 'operator',
                        'posix', '_socket', '_sre', '_lsprof', '_weakref',
-                       '__pypy__', 'cStringIO', '_collections', 'struct']:
+                       '__pypy__', 'cStringIO', '_collections', 'struct',
+                       'mmap']:
             return True
         return False
 
diff --git a/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/model.py b/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/model.py
--- a/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/model.py
+++ b/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/model.py
@@ -225,6 +225,8 @@
         # strip comment
         if '#' in line:
             line = line[:line.index('#')]
+        if line.strip() == 'guard_not_invalidated?':
+            return 'guard_not_invalidated', None, [], '...', False
         # find the resvar, if any
         if ' = ' in line:
             resvar, _, line = line.partition(' = ')
@@ -249,7 +251,7 @@
             descr = descr[len('descr='):]
         else:
             descr = None
-        return opname, resvar, args, descr
+        return opname, resvar, args, descr, True
 
     @classmethod
     def preprocess_expected_src(cls, src):
@@ -258,13 +260,23 @@
         # replaced with the corresponding operations, so that tests don't have
         # to repeat it every time
         ticker_check = """
+            guard_not_invalidated?
+            ticker0 = getfield_raw(ticker_address, descr=<SignedFieldDescr pypysig_long_struct.c_value .*>)
+            ticker_cond0 = int_lt(ticker0, 0)
+            guard_false(ticker_cond0, descr=...)
+        """
+        src = src.replace('--TICK--', ticker_check)
+        #
+        # this is the ticker check generated if we have threads
+        thread_ticker_check = """
+            guard_not_invalidated?
             ticker0 = getfield_raw(ticker_address, descr=<SignedFieldDescr pypysig_long_struct.c_value .*>)
             ticker1 = int_sub(ticker0, 1)
             setfield_raw(ticker_address, ticker1, descr=<SignedFieldDescr pypysig_long_struct.c_value .*>)
             ticker_cond0 = int_lt(ticker1, 0)
             guard_false(ticker_cond0, descr=...)
         """
-        src = src.replace('--TICK--', ticker_check)
+        src = src.replace('--THREAD-TICK--', thread_ticker_check)
         #
         # this is the ticker check generated in PyFrame.handle_operation_error
         exc_ticker_check = """
@@ -298,7 +310,7 @@
         if not cond:
             raise InvalidMatch(message, frame=sys._getframe(1))
 
-    def match_op(self, op, (exp_opname, exp_res, exp_args, exp_descr)):
+    def match_op(self, op, (exp_opname, exp_res, exp_args, exp_descr, _)):
         self._assert(op.name == exp_opname, "operation mismatch")
         self.match_var(op.res, exp_res)
         if exp_args != ['...']:
@@ -341,7 +353,7 @@
         what is after the '...'
         """
         iter_exp_ops = iter(expected_ops)
-        iter_ops = iter(self.ops)
+        iter_ops = RevertableIterator(self.ops)
         for opindex, exp_op in enumerate(iter_exp_ops):
             try:
                 if exp_op == '...':
@@ -360,6 +372,9 @@
                             break
                 self.match_op(op, exp_op)
             except InvalidMatch, e:
+                if exp_op[4] is False:    # optional operation
+                    iter_ops.revert_one()
+                    continue       # try to match with the next exp_op
                 e.opindex = opindex
                 raise
         #
@@ -372,8 +387,8 @@
                 return ''
             text = str(py.code.Source(src).deindent().indent())
             lines = text.splitlines(True)
-            if opindex is not None and 0 <= opindex < len(lines):
-                lines[opindex] = lines[opindex].rstrip() + '\t<=====\n'
+            if opindex is not None and 0 <= opindex <= len(lines):
+                lines.insert(opindex, '\n\t===== HERE =====\n')
             return ''.join(lines)
         #
         expected_src = self.preprocess_expected_src(expected_src)
@@ -398,3 +413,18 @@
         else:
             return True
 
+
+class RevertableIterator(object):
+    def __init__(self, sequence):
+        self.sequence = sequence
+        self.index = 0
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return self
+    def next(self):
+        index = self.index
+        if index == len(self.sequence):
+            raise StopIteration
+        self.index = index + 1
+        return self.sequence[index]
+    def revert_one(self):
+        self.index -= 1
diff --git a/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/test_00_model.py b/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/test_00_model.py
--- a/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/test_00_model.py
+++ b/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/test_00_model.py
@@ -145,15 +145,17 @@
 
     def test_parse_op(self):
         res = OpMatcher.parse_op("  a =   int_add(  b,  3 ) # foo")
-        assert res == ("int_add", "a", ["b", "3"], None)
+        assert res == ("int_add", "a", ["b", "3"], None, True)
         res = OpMatcher.parse_op("guard_true(a)")
-        assert res == ("guard_true", None, ["a"], None)
+        assert res == ("guard_true", None, ["a"], None, True)
         res = OpMatcher.parse_op("setfield_gc(p0, i0, descr=<foobar>)")
-        assert res == ("setfield_gc", None, ["p0", "i0"], "<foobar>")
+        assert res == ("setfield_gc", None, ["p0", "i0"], "<foobar>", True)
         res = OpMatcher.parse_op("i1 = getfield_gc(p0, descr=<foobar>)")
-        assert res == ("getfield_gc", "i1", ["p0"], "<foobar>")
+        assert res == ("getfield_gc", "i1", ["p0"], "<foobar>", True)
         res = OpMatcher.parse_op("p0 = force_token()")
-        assert res == ("force_token", "p0", [], None)
+        assert res == ("force_token", "p0", [], None, True)
+        res = OpMatcher.parse_op("guard_not_invalidated?")
+        assert res == ("guard_not_invalidated", None, [], '...', False)
 
     def test_exact_match(self):
         loop = """
@@ -341,7 +343,7 @@
             # this is the actual loop
             'int_lt', 'guard_true', 'int_add',
             # this is the signal checking stuff
-            'getfield_raw', 'int_sub', 'setfield_raw', 'int_lt', 'guard_false',
+            'guard_not_invalidated', 'getfield_raw', 'int_lt', 'guard_false',
             'jump'
             ]
 
@@ -407,7 +409,7 @@
             # this is the actual loop
             'int_lt', 'guard_true', 'force_token', 'int_add',
             # this is the signal checking stuff
-            'getfield_raw', 'int_sub', 'setfield_raw', 'int_lt', 'guard_false',
+            'guard_not_invalidated', 'getfield_raw', 'int_lt', 'guard_false',
             'jump'
             ]
 
@@ -425,10 +427,9 @@
             guard_true(i6, descr=...)
             i8 = int_add(i4, 1)
             # signal checking stuff
+            guard_not_invalidated(descr=...)
             i10 = getfield_raw(37212896, descr=<.* pypysig_long_struct.c_value .*>)
-            i12 = int_sub(i10, 1)
-            setfield_raw(37212896, i12, descr=<.* pypysig_long_struct.c_value .*>)
-            i14 = int_lt(i12, 0)
+            i14 = int_lt(i10, 0)
             guard_false(i14, descr=...)
             jump(p0, p1, p2, p3, i8, descr=...)
         """)
diff --git a/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/test_call.py b/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/test_call.py
--- a/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/test_call.py
+++ b/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/test_call.py
@@ -465,3 +465,25 @@
             setfield_gc(p4, p22, descr=<GcPtrFieldDescr pypy.interpreter.nestedscope.Cell.inst_w_value .*>)
             jump(p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p7, p22, p7, descr=<Loop0>)
         """)
+
+    def test_kwargs_virtual(self):
+        def main(n):
+            def g(**kwargs):
+                return kwargs["x"] + 1
+
+            i = 0
+            while i < n:
+                i = g(x=i)
+            return i
+
+        log = self.run(main, [500])
+        assert log.result == 500
+        loop, = log.loops_by_filename(self.filepath)
+        assert loop.match("""
+            i2 = int_lt(i0, i1)
+            guard_true(i2, descr=...)
+            i3 = force_token()
+            i4 = int_add(i0, 1)
+            --TICK--
+            jump(..., descr=...)
+        """)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/test_containers.py b/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/test_containers.py
--- a/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/test_containers.py
+++ b/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/test_containers.py
@@ -44,9 +44,9 @@
         # gc_id call is hoisted out of the loop, the id of a value obviously
         # can't change ;)
         assert loop.match_by_id("getitem", """
-            i28 = call(ConstClass(ll_dict_lookup__dicttablePtr_objectPtr_Signed), p18, p6, i25, descr=...)
+            i26 = call(ConstClass(ll_dict_lookup), p18, p6, i25, descr=...)
             ...
-            p33 = call(ConstClass(ll_get_value__dicttablePtr_Signed), p18, i28, descr=...)
+            p33 = getinteriorfield_gc(p31, i26, descr=<InteriorFieldDescr <GcPtrFieldDescr dictentry.value .*>>)
             ...
         """)
 
diff --git a/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/test_misc.py b/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/test_misc.py
--- a/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/test_misc.py
+++ b/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/test_misc.py
@@ -329,4 +329,20 @@
             guard_false(i28, descr=...)
             i30 = int_lshift(i20, 24)
             i31 = int_or(i26, i30)
-        """ % {"32_bit_only": extra})
\ No newline at end of file
+        """ % {"32_bit_only": extra})
+
+    def test_eval(self):
+        def main():
+            i = 1
+            a = compile('x+x+x+x+x+x', 'eval', 'eval')
+            b = {'x': 7}
+            while i < 1000:
+                y = eval(a,b,b)  # ID: eval
+                i += 1
+            return y
+
+        log = self.run(main)
+        assert log.result == 42
+        # the following assertion fails if the loop was cancelled due
+        # to "abort: vable escape"
+        assert len(log.loops_by_id("eval")) == 1
diff --git a/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/test_string.py b/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/test_string.py
--- a/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/test_string.py
+++ b/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/test_string.py
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
             guard_true(i32, descr=...)
             i34 = int_add(i6, 1)
             --TICK--
-            jump(p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, i34, p7, p8, i9, i10, p11, i12, p13, descr=<Loop4>)
+            jump(p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, i34, p7, p8, i9, i10, p11, i12, p13, descr=...)
         """)
 
     def test_long(self):
@@ -93,7 +93,8 @@
             i46 = call(ConstClass(ll_startswith__rpy_stringPtr_rpy_stringPtr), p28, ConstPtr(ptr45), descr=<BoolCallDescr>)
             guard_false(i46, descr=...)
             p51 = new_with_vtable(21136408)
-            setfield_gc(p51, _, descr=...)    # 6 setfields, but the order is dict-order-dependent
+            setfield_gc(p51, _, descr=...)    # 7 setfields, but the order is dict-order-dependent
+            setfield_gc(p51, _, descr=...)
             setfield_gc(p51, _, descr=...)
             setfield_gc(p51, _, descr=...)
             setfield_gc(p51, _, descr=...)
@@ -106,7 +107,7 @@
             i58 = int_add_ovf(i6, i57)
             guard_no_overflow(descr=...)
             --TICK--
-            jump(p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, i58, i7, descr=<Loop4>)
+            jump(p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, i58, i7, descr=...)
         """)
 
     def test_str_mod(self):
diff --git a/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/test_thread.py b/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/test_thread.py
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/test_thread.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+from pypy.module.pypyjit.test_pypy_c.test_00_model import BaseTestPyPyC
+
+
+class TestThread(BaseTestPyPyC):
+    def test_simple(self):
+        def main(n):
+            import thread
+            def f():
+                i = 0
+                while i < n:
+                    i += 1
+                done.release()
+
+            done = thread.allocate_lock()
+            done.acquire()
+            thread.start_new_thread(f, ())
+            done.acquire()
+            return 0
+        log = self.run(main, [500])
+        assert round(log.result, 6) == round(main(500), 6)
+        loop, = log.loops_by_filename(self.filepath)
+        assert loop.match("""
+            i2 = int_lt(i0, i1)
+            guard_true(i2, descr=...)
+            i3 = int_add(i0, 1)
+            --THREAD-TICK--
+            jump(..., descr=<Loop0>)
+        """)
diff --git a/pypy/module/rctime/interp_time.py b/pypy/module/rctime/interp_time.py
--- a/pypy/module/rctime/interp_time.py
+++ b/pypy/module/rctime/interp_time.py
@@ -245,6 +245,9 @@
 if sys.platform != 'win32':
     @unwrap_spec(secs=float)
     def sleep(space, secs):
+        if secs < 0:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_IOError,
+                                 space.wrap("Invalid argument: negative time in sleep"))
         pytime.sleep(secs)
 else:
     from pypy.rlib import rwin32
@@ -265,6 +268,9 @@
                                    OSError(EINTR, "sleep() interrupted"))
     @unwrap_spec(secs=float)
     def sleep(space, secs):
+        if secs < 0:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_IOError,
+                                 space.wrap("Invalid argument: negative time in sleep"))
         # as decreed by Guido, only the main thread can be
         # interrupted.
         main_thread = space.fromcache(State).main_thread
diff --git a/pypy/module/rctime/test/test_rctime.py b/pypy/module/rctime/test/test_rctime.py
--- a/pypy/module/rctime/test/test_rctime.py
+++ b/pypy/module/rctime/test/test_rctime.py
@@ -20,8 +20,9 @@
         import sys
         import os
         raises(TypeError, rctime.sleep, "foo")
-        rctime.sleep(1.2345)
-        
+        rctime.sleep(0.12345)
+        raises(IOError, rctime.sleep, -1.0)
+
     def test_clock(self):
         import time as rctime
         rctime.clock()
diff --git a/pypy/module/signal/interp_signal.py b/pypy/module/signal/interp_signal.py
--- a/pypy/module/signal/interp_signal.py
+++ b/pypy/module/signal/interp_signal.py
@@ -109,8 +109,11 @@
         p = pypysig_getaddr_occurred()
         value = p.c_value
         if self.has_bytecode_counter:    # this 'if' is constant-folded
-            value -= by
-            p.c_value = value
+            if jit.isconstant(by) and by == 0:
+                pass     # normally constant-folded too
+            else:
+                value -= by
+                p.c_value = value
         return value
 
 
diff --git a/pypy/module/sys/__init__.py b/pypy/module/sys/__init__.py
--- a/pypy/module/sys/__init__.py
+++ b/pypy/module/sys/__init__.py
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
         'pypy_initial_path'     : 'state.pypy_initial_path',
 
         '_getframe'             : 'vm._getframe', 
-        '_current_frames'       : 'vm._current_frames', 
+        '_current_frames'       : 'currentframes._current_frames', 
         'setrecursionlimit'     : 'vm.setrecursionlimit', 
         'getrecursionlimit'     : 'vm.getrecursionlimit', 
         'setcheckinterval'      : 'vm.setcheckinterval', 
diff --git a/pypy/module/sys/currentframes.py b/pypy/module/sys/currentframes.py
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pypy/module/sys/currentframes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+"""
+Implementation of the 'sys._current_frames()' routine.
+"""
+from pypy.interpreter import gateway
+
+app = gateway.applevel('''
+"NOT_RPYTHON"
+import __builtin__
+
+class fake_code(object):
+    co_name = "?"
+    co_filename = "?"
+    co_firstlineno = 0
+
+class fake_frame(object):
+    f_back = None
+    f_builtins = __builtin__.__dict__
+    f_code = fake_code()
+    f_exc_traceback = None
+    f_exc_type = None
+    f_exc_value = None
+    f_globals = {}
+    f_lasti = -1
+    f_lineno = 0
+    f_locals = {}
+    f_restricted = False
+    f_trace = None
+
+    def __init__(self, f):
+        if f is not None:
+            for name in ["f_builtins", "f_code", "f_globals", "f_lasti",
+                         "f_lineno"]:
+                setattr(self, name, getattr(f, name))
+''')
+
+def _current_frames(space):
+    """_current_frames() -> dictionary
+
+    Return a dictionary mapping each current thread T's thread id to T's
+    current stack "frame".  Functions in the traceback module can build the
+    call stack given such a frame.
+
+    Note that in PyPy this returns fake frame objects, to avoid a runtime
+    penalty everywhere with the JIT.  (So far these fake frames can be
+    completely uninformative depending on the JIT state; we could return
+    more with more efforts.)
+
+    This function should be used for specialized purposes only."""
+    w_result = space.newdict()
+    w_fake_frame = app.wget(space, "fake_frame")
+    w_fake_code  = app.wget(space, "fake_code")
+    ecs = space.threadlocals.getallvalues()
+    for thread_ident, ec in ecs.items():
+        vref = ec.topframeref
+        frames = []
+        while not vref.virtual:
+            f = vref()
+            if f is None:
+                break
+            frames.append(f)
+            vref = f.f_backref
+        else:
+            frames.append(None)
+        #
+        w_topframe = space.wrap(None)
+        w_prevframe = None
+        for f in frames:
+            w_nextframe = space.call_function(w_fake_frame, space.wrap(f))
+            if w_prevframe is None:
+                w_topframe = w_nextframe
+            else:
+                space.setattr(w_prevframe, space.wrap('f_back'), w_nextframe)
+            w_prevframe = w_nextframe
+        #
+        space.setitem(w_result,
+                      space.wrap(thread_ident),
+                      w_topframe)
+    return w_result
diff --git a/pypy/module/sys/test/test_sysmodule.py b/pypy/module/sys/test/test_sysmodule.py
--- a/pypy/module/sys/test/test_sysmodule.py
+++ b/pypy/module/sys/test/test_sysmodule.py
@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@
             return sys._current_frames()
         frames = f()
         assert frames.keys() == [0]
-        assert frames[0].f_code.co_name == 'f'
+        assert frames[0].f_code.co_name in ('f', '?')
 
 class AppTestCurrentFramesWithThread(AppTestCurrentFrames):
     def setup_class(cls):
@@ -568,23 +568,25 @@
         import thread
 
         thread_id = thread.get_ident()
-        self.ready = False
         def other_thread():
-            self.ready = True
             print "thread started"
-            time.sleep(5)
+            lock2.release()
+            lock1.acquire()
+        lock1 = thread.allocate_lock()
+        lock2 = thread.allocate_lock()
+        lock1.acquire()
+        lock2.acquire()
         thread.start_new_thread(other_thread, ())
 
         def f():
-            for i in range(100):
-                if self.ready: break
-                time.sleep(0.1)
+            lock2.acquire()
             return sys._current_frames()
 
         frames = f()
+        lock1.release()
         thisframe = frames.pop(thread_id)
-        assert thisframe.f_code.co_name == 'f'
+        assert thisframe.f_code.co_name in ('f', '?')
 
         assert len(frames) == 1
         _, other_frame = frames.popitem()
-        assert other_frame.f_code.co_name == 'other_thread'
+        assert other_frame.f_code.co_name in ('other_thread', '?')
diff --git a/pypy/module/sys/vm.py b/pypy/module/sys/vm.py
--- a/pypy/module/sys/vm.py
+++ b/pypy/module/sys/vm.py
@@ -45,25 +45,6 @@
     f.mark_as_escaped()
     return space.wrap(f)
 
-def _current_frames(space):
-    """_current_frames() -> dictionary
-
-    Return a dictionary mapping each current thread T's thread id to T's
-    current stack frame.
-
-    This function should be used for specialized purposes only."""
-    raise OperationError(space.w_NotImplementedError,
-        space.wrap("XXX sys._current_frames() incompatible with the JIT"))
-    w_result = space.newdict()
-    ecs = space.threadlocals.getallvalues()
-    for thread_ident, ec in ecs.items():
-        f = ec.gettopframe_nohidden()
-        f.mark_as_escaped()
-        space.setitem(w_result,
-                      space.wrap(thread_ident),
-                      space.wrap(f))
-    return w_result
-
 def setrecursionlimit(space, w_new_limit):
     """setrecursionlimit() sets the maximum number of nested calls that
 can occur before a RuntimeError is raised.  On PyPy the limit is
diff --git a/pypy/module/thread/gil.py b/pypy/module/thread/gil.py
--- a/pypy/module/thread/gil.py
+++ b/pypy/module/thread/gil.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 class GILThreadLocals(OSThreadLocals):
     """A version of OSThreadLocals that enforces a GIL."""
     gil_ready = False
+    _immutable_fields_ = ['gil_ready?']
 
     def initialize(self, space):
         # add the GIL-releasing callback as an action on the space
diff --git a/pypy/module/thread/threadlocals.py b/pypy/module/thread/threadlocals.py
--- a/pypy/module/thread/threadlocals.py
+++ b/pypy/module/thread/threadlocals.py
@@ -8,9 +8,14 @@
 
     def __init__(self):
         self._valuedict = {}   # {thread_ident: ExecutionContext()}
+        self._freeze_()
+
+    def _freeze_(self):
+        self._valuedict.clear()
         self._mainthreadident = 0
         self._mostrecentkey = 0        # fast minicaching for the common case
         self._mostrecentvalue = None   # fast minicaching for the common case
+        return False
 
     def getvalue(self):
         ident = thread.get_ident()
diff --git a/pypy/objspace/std/newformat.py b/pypy/objspace/std/newformat.py
--- a/pypy/objspace/std/newformat.py
+++ b/pypy/objspace/std/newformat.py
@@ -120,6 +120,8 @@
             out.append_slice(s, last_literal, end)
             return out.build()
 
+        # This is only ever called if we're already unrolling _do_build_string
+        @jit.unroll_safe
         def _parse_field(self, start, end):
             s = self.template
             # Find ":" or "!"
@@ -149,6 +151,7 @@
                 i += 1
             return s[start:end], None, end
 
+        @jit.unroll_safe
         def _get_argument(self, name):
             # First, find the argument.
             space = self.space
@@ -207,6 +210,7 @@
                     raise OperationError(space.w_IndexError, w_msg)
             return self._resolve_lookups(w_arg, name, i, end)
 
+        @jit.unroll_safe
         def _resolve_lookups(self, w_obj, name, start, end):
             # Resolve attribute and item lookups.
             space = self.space
diff --git a/pypy/objspace/std/objspace.py b/pypy/objspace/std/objspace.py
--- a/pypy/objspace/std/objspace.py
+++ b/pypy/objspace/std/objspace.py
@@ -83,11 +83,12 @@
         if self.config.objspace.std.withtproxy:
             transparent.setup(self)
 
+        interplevel_classes = {}
         for type, classes in self.model.typeorder.iteritems():
-            if len(classes) >= 3:
+            if len(classes) >= 3: # XXX what does this 3 mean??!
                 # W_Root, AnyXxx and actual object
-                self.gettypefor(type).interplevel_cls = classes[0][0]
-
+                interplevel_classes[self.gettypefor(type)] = classes[0][0]
+        self._interplevel_classes = interplevel_classes
 
     def get_builtin_types(self):
         return self.builtin_types
@@ -579,7 +580,7 @@
             raise OperationError(self.w_TypeError,
                                  self.wrap("need type object"))
         if is_annotation_constant(w_type):
-            cls = w_type.interplevel_cls
+            cls = self._get_interplevel_cls(w_type)
             if cls is not None:
                 assert w_inst is not None
                 if isinstance(w_inst, cls):
@@ -589,3 +590,9 @@
     @specialize.arg_or_var(2)
     def isinstance_w(space, w_inst, w_type):
         return space._type_isinstance(w_inst, w_type)
+
+    @specialize.memo()
+    def _get_interplevel_cls(self, w_type):
+        if not hasattr(self, "_interplevel_classes"):
+            return None # before running initialize
+        return self._interplevel_classes.get(w_type, None)
diff --git a/pypy/objspace/std/smallintobject.py b/pypy/objspace/std/smallintobject.py
--- a/pypy/objspace/std/smallintobject.py
+++ b/pypy/objspace/std/smallintobject.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 from pypy.rlib.rbigint import rbigint
 from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import r_uint
 from pypy.tool.sourcetools import func_with_new_name
+from pypy.objspace.std.inttype import wrapint
 
 class W_SmallIntObject(W_Object, UnboxedValue):
     __slots__ = 'intval'
@@ -48,14 +49,36 @@
 def delegate_SmallInt2Complex(space, w_small):
     return space.newcomplex(float(w_small.intval), 0.0)
 
+def add__SmallInt_SmallInt(space, w_a, w_b):
+    return wrapint(space, w_a.intval + w_b.intval) # cannot overflow
+
+def sub__SmallInt_SmallInt(space, w_a, w_b):
+    return wrapint(space, w_a.intval - w_b.intval) # cannot overflow
+
+def floordiv__SmallInt_SmallInt(space, w_a, w_b):
+    return wrapint(space, w_a.intval // w_b.intval) # cannot overflow
+
+div__SmallInt_SmallInt = floordiv__SmallInt_SmallInt
+
+def mod__SmallInt_SmallInt(space, w_a, w_b):
+    return wrapint(space, w_a.intval % w_b.intval) # cannot overflow
+
+def divmod__SmallInt_SmallInt(space, w_a, w_b):
+    w = wrapint(space, w_a.intval // w_b.intval) # cannot overflow
+    z = wrapint(space, w_a.intval % w_b.intval)
+    return space.newtuple([w, z])
+
 def copy_multimethods(ns):
     """Copy integer multimethods for small int."""
     for name, func in intobject.__dict__.iteritems():
         if "__Int" in name:
             new_name = name.replace("Int", "SmallInt")
-            # Copy the function, so the annotator specializes it for
-            # W_SmallIntObject.
-            ns[new_name] = func_with_new_name(func, new_name)
+            if new_name not in ns:
+                # Copy the function, so the annotator specializes it for
+                # W_SmallIntObject.
+                ns[new_name] = func = func_with_new_name(func, new_name, globals=ns)
+        else:
+            ns[name] = func
     ns["get_integer"] = ns["pos__SmallInt"] = ns["int__SmallInt"]
     ns["get_negint"] = ns["neg__SmallInt"]
 
diff --git a/pypy/objspace/std/strutil.py b/pypy/objspace/std/strutil.py
--- a/pypy/objspace/std/strutil.py
+++ b/pypy/objspace/std/strutil.py
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 
     def error(self):
         raise ParseStringError("invalid literal for %s() with base %d: '%s'" %
-                               (self.fname, self.base, self.literal))
+                               (self.fname, self.original_base, self.literal))
 
     def __init__(self, s, literal, base, fname):
         self.literal = literal
@@ -47,7 +47,8 @@
         elif s.startswith('+'):
             s = strip_spaces(s[1:])
         self.sign = sign
-        
+        self.original_base = base
+
         if base == 0:
             if s.startswith('0x') or s.startswith('0X'):
                 base = 16
diff --git a/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_obj.py b/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_obj.py
--- a/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_obj.py
+++ b/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_obj.py
@@ -102,3 +102,11 @@
             def __repr__(self):
                 return 123456
         assert A().__str__() == 123456
+
+def test_isinstance_shortcut():
+    from pypy.objspace.std import objspace
+    space = objspace.StdObjSpace()
+    w_a = space.wrap("a")
+    space.type = None
+    space.isinstance_w(w_a, space.w_str) # does not crash
+
diff --git a/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_stdobjspace.py b/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_stdobjspace.py
--- a/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_stdobjspace.py
+++ b/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_stdobjspace.py
@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@
 
     def test_int_w_non_int(self):
         raises(OperationError,self.space.int_w,self.space.wrap(None))
-        raises(OperationError,self.space.int_w,self.space.wrap(""))        
+        raises(OperationError,self.space.int_w,self.space.wrap(""))
 
     def test_uint_w_non_int(self):
         raises(OperationError,self.space.uint_w,self.space.wrap(None))
-        raises(OperationError,self.space.uint_w,self.space.wrap(""))        
+        raises(OperationError,self.space.uint_w,self.space.wrap(""))
 
     def test_multimethods_defined_on(self):
         from pypy.objspace.std.stdtypedef import multimethods_defined_on
@@ -49,14 +49,14 @@
     def test_fastpath_isinstance(self):
         from pypy.objspace.std.stringobject import W_StringObject
         from pypy.objspace.std.intobject import W_IntObject
-        
+
         space = self.space
-        assert space.w_str.interplevel_cls is W_StringObject
-        assert space.w_int.interplevel_cls is W_IntObject
+        assert space._get_interplevel_cls(space.w_str) is W_StringObject
+        assert space._get_interplevel_cls(space.w_int) is W_IntObject
         class X(W_StringObject):
             def __init__(self):
                 pass
-            
+
             typedef = None
 
         assert space.isinstance_w(X(), space.w_str)
diff --git a/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_strutil.py b/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_strutil.py
--- a/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_strutil.py
+++ b/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_strutil.py
@@ -89,6 +89,8 @@
 
         exc = raises(ParseStringError, string_to_int, '')
         assert exc.value.msg == "invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''"
+        exc = raises(ParseStringError, string_to_int, '', 0)
+        assert exc.value.msg == "invalid literal for int() with base 0: ''"
 
     def test_string_to_int_overflow(self):
         import sys
diff --git a/pypy/objspace/std/typeobject.py b/pypy/objspace/std/typeobject.py
--- a/pypy/objspace/std/typeobject.py
+++ b/pypy/objspace/std/typeobject.py
@@ -102,7 +102,6 @@
                           'instancetypedef',
                           'terminator',
                           '_version_tag?',
-                          'interplevel_cls',
                           ]
 
     # for config.objspace.std.getattributeshortcut
@@ -117,9 +116,6 @@
     # of the __new__ is an instance of the type
     w_bltin_new = None
 
-    interplevel_cls = None # not None for prebuilt instances of
-                           # interpreter-level types
-
     @dont_look_inside
     def __init__(w_self, space, name, bases_w, dict_w,
                  overridetypedef=None):
diff --git a/pypy/pytest.ini b/pypy/pytest.ini
--- a/pypy/pytest.ini
+++ b/pypy/pytest.ini
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 [pytest]
-addopts = --assertmode=old
\ No newline at end of file
+addopts = --assertmode=old -rf
diff --git a/pypy/rlib/_jit_vref.py b/pypy/rlib/_jit_vref.py
--- a/pypy/rlib/_jit_vref.py
+++ b/pypy/rlib/_jit_vref.py
@@ -25,6 +25,10 @@
     def simple_call(self):
         return self.s_instance
 
+    def getattr(self, s_attr):
+        assert s_attr.const == 'virtual'
+        return annmodel.s_Bool
+
     def rtyper_makerepr(self, rtyper):
         if rtyper.type_system.name == 'lltypesystem':
             return vrefrepr
@@ -61,6 +65,13 @@
                              " prebuilt virtual_ref")
         return lltype.nullptr(OBJECTPTR.TO)
 
+    def rtype_getattr(self, hop):
+        s_attr = hop.args_s[1]
+        assert s_attr.const == 'virtual'
+        v = hop.inputarg(self, arg=0)
+        hop.exception_cannot_occur()
+        return hop.genop('jit_is_virtual', [v], resulttype = lltype.Bool)
+
 from pypy.rpython.ootypesystem.rclass import OBJECT
 
 class OOVRefRepr(VRefRepr):
diff --git a/pypy/rlib/_rsocket_rffi.py b/pypy/rlib/_rsocket_rffi.py
--- a/pypy/rlib/_rsocket_rffi.py
+++ b/pypy/rlib/_rsocket_rffi.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 _MINGW = target_platform.name == "mingw32"
 _SOLARIS = sys.platform == "sunos5"
 _MACOSX = sys.platform == "darwin"
+_HAS_AF_PACKET = sys.platform.startswith('linux')   # only Linux for now
 
 if _POSIX:
     includes = ('sys/types.h',
@@ -34,11 +35,12 @@
                 'stdint.h', 
                 'errno.h',
                 )
+    if _HAS_AF_PACKET:
+        includes += ('netpacket/packet.h',
+                     'sys/ioctl.h',
+                     'net/if.h')
 
-    cond_includes = [('AF_NETLINK', 'linux/netlink.h'),
-                     ('AF_PACKET', 'netpacket/packet.h'),
-                     ('AF_PACKET', 'sys/ioctl.h'),
-                     ('AF_PACKET', 'net/if.h')]
+    cond_includes = [('AF_NETLINK', 'linux/netlink.h')]
     
     libraries = ()
     calling_conv = 'c'
@@ -320,18 +322,18 @@
                                              ('events', rffi.SHORT),
                                              ('revents', rffi.SHORT)])
 
-    CConfig.sockaddr_ll = platform.Struct('struct sockaddr_ll',
+    if _HAS_AF_PACKET:
+        CConfig.sockaddr_ll = platform.Struct('struct sockaddr_ll',
                               [('sll_ifindex', rffi.INT),
                                ('sll_protocol', rffi.INT),
                                ('sll_pkttype', rffi.INT),
                                ('sll_hatype', rffi.INT),
                                ('sll_addr', rffi.CFixedArray(rffi.CHAR, 8)),
-                               ('sll_halen', rffi.INT)],
-                              ifdef='AF_PACKET')
+                               ('sll_halen', rffi.INT)])
 
-    CConfig.ifreq = platform.Struct('struct ifreq', [('ifr_ifindex', rffi.INT),
-                                 ('ifr_name', rffi.CFixedArray(rffi.CHAR, 8))],
-                                    ifdef='AF_PACKET')
+        CConfig.ifreq = platform.Struct('struct ifreq',
+                                [('ifr_ifindex', rffi.INT),
+                                 ('ifr_name', rffi.CFixedArray(rffi.CHAR, 8))])
 
 if _WIN32:
     CConfig.WSAEVENT = platform.SimpleType('WSAEVENT', rffi.VOIDP)
@@ -386,6 +388,8 @@
         constants[name] = value
     else:
         constants[name] = default
+if not _HAS_AF_PACKET and 'AF_PACKET' in constants:
+    del constants['AF_PACKET']
 
 constants['has_ipv6'] = True # This is a configuration option in CPython
 for name, value in constants.items():
@@ -439,21 +443,14 @@
 if _POSIX:
     nfds_t = cConfig.nfds_t
     pollfd = cConfig.pollfd
-    if cConfig.sockaddr_ll is not None:
+    if _HAS_AF_PACKET:
         sockaddr_ll = cConfig.sockaddr_ll
-    ifreq = cConfig.ifreq
+        ifreq = cConfig.ifreq
 if WIN32:
     WSAEVENT = cConfig.WSAEVENT
     WSANETWORKEVENTS = cConfig.WSANETWORKEVENTS
 timeval = cConfig.timeval
 
-#if _POSIX:
-#    includes = list(includes)
-#    for _name, _header in cond_includes:
-#        if getattr(cConfig, _name) is not None:
-#            includes.append(_header)
-#    eci = ExternalCompilationInfo(includes=includes, libraries=libraries,
-#                                  separate_module_sources=sources)
 
 def external(name, args, result, **kwds):
     return rffi.llexternal(name, args, result, compilation_info=eci,
@@ -544,7 +541,7 @@
     socketpair_t = rffi.CArray(socketfd_type)
     socketpair = external('socketpair', [rffi.INT, rffi.INT, rffi.INT,
                           lltype.Ptr(socketpair_t)], rffi.INT)
-    if ifreq is not None:
+    if _HAS_AF_PACKET:
         ioctl = external('ioctl', [socketfd_type, rffi.INT, lltype.Ptr(ifreq)],
                          rffi.INT)
 
diff --git a/pypy/rlib/jit.py b/pypy/rlib/jit.py
--- a/pypy/rlib/jit.py
+++ b/pypy/rlib/jit.py
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
 from pypy.rpython.extregistry import ExtRegistryEntry
 from pypy.tool.sourcetools import func_with_new_name
 
+DEBUG_ELIDABLE_FUNCTIONS = False
+
 
 def elidable(func):
     """ Decorate a function as "trace-elidable". This means precisely that:
@@ -24,6 +26,18 @@
     If a particular call to this function ends up raising an exception, then it
     is handled like a normal function call (this decorator is ignored).
     """
+    if DEBUG_ELIDABLE_FUNCTIONS:
+        cache = {}
+        oldfunc = func
+        def func(*args):
+            result = oldfunc(*args)    # if it raises, no caching
+            try:
+                oldresult = cache.setdefault(args, result)
+            except TypeError:
+                pass           # unhashable args
+            else:
+                assert oldresult == result
+            return result
     func._elidable_function_ = True
     return func
 
@@ -317,6 +331,12 @@
             raise InvalidVirtualRef
         return self._x
 
+    @property
+    def virtual(self):
+        """A property that is True if the vref contains a virtual that would
+        be forced by the '()' operator."""
+        return self._state == 'non-forced'
+
     def _finish(self):
         if self._state == 'non-forced':
             self._state = 'invalid'
diff --git a/pypy/rlib/rerased.py b/pypy/rlib/rerased.py
--- a/pypy/rlib/rerased.py
+++ b/pypy/rlib/rerased.py
@@ -135,6 +135,8 @@
     _about_ = erase_int
 
     def compute_result_annotation(self, s_obj):
+        config = self.bookkeeper.annotator.translator.config
+        assert config.translation.taggedpointers, "need to enable tagged pointers to use erase_int"
         assert annmodel.SomeInteger().contains(s_obj)
         return SomeErased()
 
@@ -218,18 +220,18 @@
         [v_value] = hop.inputargs(lltype.Signed)
         c_one = hop.inputconst(lltype.Signed, 1)
         hop.exception_is_here()
-        v2 = hop.genop('int_lshift_ovf', [v_value, c_one],
+        v2 = hop.genop('int_add_ovf', [v_value, v_value],
                        resulttype = lltype.Signed)
         v2p1 = hop.genop('int_add', [v2, c_one],
                          resulttype = lltype.Signed)
         v_instance = hop.genop('cast_int_to_ptr', [v2p1],
                                resulttype=self.lowleveltype)
-        v = hop.genop('cast_opaque_ptr', [v_instance],
-                      resulttype=self.lowleveltype)
-        return v
+        return v_instance
 
     def convert_const(self, value):
         if value._identity is _identity_for_ints:
+            config = self.rtyper.annotator.translator.config
+            assert config.translation.taggedpointers, "need to enable tagged pointers to use erase_int"
             return lltype.cast_int_to_ptr(self.lowleveltype, value._x * 2 + 1)
         bk = self.rtyper.annotator.bookkeeper
         s_obj = value._identity.get_input_annotation(bk)
@@ -266,10 +268,10 @@
         return hop.genop('int_rshift', [v2, c_one], resulttype=lltype.Signed)
 
     def rtype_erase_int(self, hop):
-        hop.exception_is_here()
         [v_value] = hop.inputargs(lltype.Signed)
         c_one = hop.inputconst(lltype.Signed, 1)
-        v2 = hop.genop('int_lshift_ovf', [v_value, c_one],
+        hop.exception_is_here()
+        v2 = hop.genop('int_add_ovf', [v_value, v_value],
                        resulttype = lltype.Signed)
         v2p1 = hop.genop('int_add', [v2, c_one],
                          resulttype = lltype.Signed)
diff --git a/pypy/rlib/rgc.py b/pypy/rlib/rgc.py
--- a/pypy/rlib/rgc.py
+++ b/pypy/rlib/rgc.py
@@ -214,6 +214,10 @@
     func._gc_no_collect_ = True
     return func
 
+def is_light_finalizer(func):
+    func._is_light_finalizer_ = True
+    return func
+
 # ____________________________________________________________
 
 def get_rpy_roots():
diff --git a/pypy/rlib/rmmap.py b/pypy/rlib/rmmap.py
--- a/pypy/rlib/rmmap.py
+++ b/pypy/rlib/rmmap.py
@@ -292,6 +292,9 @@
         elif _POSIX:
             self.closed = True
             if self.fd != -1:
+                # XXX this is buggy - raising in an RPython del is not a good
+                #     idea, we should swallow the exception or ignore the
+                #     underlaying close error code
                 os.close(self.fd)
                 self.fd = -1
             if self.size > 0:
diff --git a/pypy/rlib/rsocket.py b/pypy/rlib/rsocket.py
--- a/pypy/rlib/rsocket.py
+++ b/pypy/rlib/rsocket.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 # Known missing features:
 #
 #   - address families other than AF_INET, AF_INET6, AF_UNIX, AF_PACKET
+#   - AF_PACKET is only supported on Linux
 #   - methods makefile(),
 #   - SSL
 #
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@
 
 
 _FAMILIES = {}
+
 class Address(object):
     """The base class for RPython-level objects representing addresses.
     Fields:  addr    - a _c.sockaddr_ptr (memory owned by the Address instance)
@@ -76,9 +78,8 @@
         self.addrlen = addrlen
 
     def __del__(self):
-        addr = self.addr_p
-        if addr:
-            lltype.free(addr, flavor='raw')
+        if self.addr_p:
+            lltype.free(self.addr_p, flavor='raw')
 
     def setdata(self, addr, addrlen):
         # initialize self.addr and self.addrlen.  'addr' can be a different
@@ -612,7 +613,10 @@
         self.timeout = defaults.timeout
         
     def __del__(self):
-        self.close()
+        fd = self.fd
+        if fd != _c.INVALID_SOCKET:
+            self.fd = _c.INVALID_SOCKET
+            _c.socketclose(fd)
 
     if hasattr(_c, 'fcntl'):
         def _setblocking(self, block):
diff --git a/pypy/rlib/test/test__jit_vref.py b/pypy/rlib/test/test__jit_vref.py
--- a/pypy/rlib/test/test__jit_vref.py
+++ b/pypy/rlib/test/test__jit_vref.py
@@ -27,10 +27,13 @@
     x1 = X()
     vref = virtual_ref(x1)
     assert vref._state == 'non-forced'
+    assert vref.virtual is True
     assert vref() is x1
     assert vref._state == 'forced'
+    assert vref.virtual is False
     virtual_ref_finish(vref, x1)
     assert vref._state == 'forced'
+    assert vref.virtual is False
     assert vref() is x1
 
 def test_direct_invalid():
@@ -135,6 +138,13 @@
         x = self.interpret(f, [])
         assert x == 42
 
+    def test_rtype_virtualattr(self):
+        def f():
+            vref = virtual_ref(X())
+            return vref.virtual
+        x = self.interpret(f, [])
+        assert x is False
+
 
 class TestLLtype(BaseTestVRef, LLRtypeMixin):
     OBJECTTYPE = OBJECTPTR
diff --git a/pypy/rlib/test/test_jit.py b/pypy/rlib/test/test_jit.py
--- a/pypy/rlib/test/test_jit.py
+++ b/pypy/rlib/test/test_jit.py
@@ -139,12 +139,11 @@
 
     def test_isconstant(self):
         def f(n):
-            assert n >= 0
             assert isconstant(n) is False
             l = []
             l.append(n)
             return len(l)
-        res = self.interpret(f, [234])
+        res = self.interpret(f, [-234])
         assert res == 1
 
 
diff --git a/pypy/rlib/test/test_rerased.py b/pypy/rlib/test/test_rerased.py
--- a/pypy/rlib/test/test_rerased.py
+++ b/pypy/rlib/test/test_rerased.py
@@ -10,6 +10,13 @@
 
 from pypy.rpython.test.tool import BaseRtypingTest, LLRtypeMixin, OORtypeMixin
 
+def make_annotator():
+    a = RPythonAnnotator()
+    a.translator.config.translation.taggedpointers = True
+    return a
+
+
+
 class X(object):
     pass
 
@@ -55,7 +62,7 @@
 def test_annotate_1():
     def f():
         return eraseX(X())
-    a = RPythonAnnotator()
+    a = make_annotator()
     s = a.build_types(f, [])
     assert isinstance(s, SomeErased)
 
@@ -66,7 +73,7 @@
         #assert not is_integer(e)
         x2 = uneraseX(e)
         return x2
-    a = RPythonAnnotator()
+    a = make_annotator()
     s = a.build_types(f, [])
     assert isinstance(s, annmodel.SomeInstance)
     assert s.classdef == a.bookkeeper.getuniqueclassdef(X)
@@ -77,7 +84,7 @@
         #assert is_integer(e)
         x2 = unerase_int(e)
         return x2
-    a = RPythonAnnotator()
+    a = make_annotator()
     s = a.build_types(f, [])
     assert isinstance(s, annmodel.SomeInteger)
 
@@ -105,7 +112,7 @@
         x = make(n)
         return check(x, n)
     #
-    a = RPythonAnnotator()
+    a = make_annotator()
     s = a.build_types(f, [int])
     assert isinstance(s, annmodel.SomeInteger)
 
@@ -135,7 +142,7 @@
             else:
                 return inst
     #
-    a = RPythonAnnotator()
+    a = make_annotator()
     s = a.build_types(f, [])
     assert isinstance(s, annmodel.SomeInstance)
     assert s.classdef == a.bookkeeper.getuniqueclassdef(A)
@@ -155,7 +162,7 @@
             e = e2
         return unerase(e)
     #
-    a = RPythonAnnotator()
+    a = make_annotator()
     s = a.build_types(f, [int])
     assert isinstance(s, annmodel.SomeInstance)
     assert s.classdef == a.bookkeeper.getuniqueclassdef(X)
@@ -165,11 +172,14 @@
     e1 = erase_int(42)
     def f(i):
         return unerase_int(e1)
-    a = RPythonAnnotator()
+    a = make_annotator()
     s = a.build_types(f, [int])
     assert isinstance(s, annmodel.SomeInteger)
 
 class BaseTestRErased(BaseRtypingTest):
+    def interpret(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        kwargs["taggedpointers"] = True
+        return BaseRtypingTest.interpret(self, *args, **kwargs)
     def test_rtype_1(self):
         def f():
             return eraseX(X())
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/llinterp.py b/pypy/rpython/llinterp.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/llinterp.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/llinterp.py
@@ -1095,13 +1095,6 @@
             assert y >= 0
         return self.op_int_add_ovf(x, y)
 
-    def op_cast_float_to_int(self, f):
-        assert type(f) is float
-        try:
-            return ovfcheck(int(f))
-        except OverflowError:
-            self.make_llexception()
-
     def op_int_is_true(self, x):
         # special case
         if type(x) is CDefinedIntSymbolic:
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/ll2ctypes.py b/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/ll2ctypes.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/ll2ctypes.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/ll2ctypes.py
@@ -15,12 +15,11 @@
     load_library_kwargs = {}
 
 import os
-from pypy import conftest
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, llmemory
 from pypy.rpython.extfunc import ExtRegistryEntry
 from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import Symbolic, ComputedIntSymbolic
 from pypy.tool.uid import fixid
-from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import r_uint, r_singlefloat, r_longfloat, base_int, intmask
+from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import r_singlefloat, r_longfloat, base_int, intmask
 from pypy.annotation import model as annmodel
 from pypy.rpython.llinterp import LLInterpreter, LLException
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem.rclass import OBJECT, OBJECT_VTABLE
@@ -531,6 +530,10 @@
     def __str__(self):
         return repr(self)
 
+    def _setparentstructure(self, parent, parentindex):
+        super(_parentable_mixin, self)._setparentstructure(parent, parentindex)
+        self._keepparent = parent   # always keep a strong ref
+
 class _struct_mixin(_parentable_mixin):
     """Mixin added to _struct containers when they become ctypes-based."""
     __slots__ = ()
@@ -566,7 +569,10 @@
         return 0, sys.maxint
 
     def getitem(self, index, uninitialized_ok=False):
-        return self._storage.contents._getitem(index, boundscheck=False)
+        res = self._storage.contents._getitem(index, boundscheck=False)
+        if isinstance(self._TYPE.OF, lltype.ContainerType):
+            res._obj._setparentstructure(self, index)
+        return res
 
     def setitem(self, index, value):
         self._storage.contents._setitem(index, value, boundscheck=False)
@@ -658,6 +664,8 @@
         if T == llmemory.GCREF:
             if isinstance(llobj._obj, _llgcopaque):
                 return ctypes.c_void_p(llobj._obj.intval)
+            if isinstance(llobj._obj, int):    # tagged pointer
+                return ctypes.c_void_p(llobj._obj)
             container = llobj._obj.container
             T = lltype.Ptr(lltype.typeOf(container))
             # otherwise it came from integer and we want a c_void_p with
@@ -1268,6 +1276,7 @@
 class _llgcopaque(lltype._container):
     _TYPE = llmemory.GCREF.TO
     _name = "_llgcopaque"
+    _read_directly_intval = True     # for _ptr._cast_to_int()
 
     def __init__(self, void_p):
         if isinstance(void_p, (int, long)):
@@ -1276,6 +1285,8 @@
             self.intval = intmask(void_p.value)
 
     def __eq__(self, other):
+        if not other:
+            return self.intval == 0
         if isinstance(other, _llgcopaque):
             return self.intval == other.intval
         storage = object()
@@ -1299,11 +1310,6 @@
             return _opaque_objs[self.intval // 2]
         return force_cast(PTRTYPE, self.intval)
 
-##     def _cast_to_int(self):
-##         return self.intval
-
-##     def _cast_to_adr(self):
-##         return _lladdress(self.intval)
 
 def cast_adr_to_int(addr):
     if isinstance(addr, llmemory.fakeaddress):
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/llmemory.py b/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/llmemory.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/llmemory.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/llmemory.py
@@ -498,6 +498,8 @@
 
     def _cast_to_int(self, symbolic=False):
         if self:
+            if isinstance(self.ptr._obj0, int):    # tagged integer
+                return self.ptr._obj0
             if symbolic:
                 return AddressAsInt(self)
             else:
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/lloperation.py b/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/lloperation.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/lloperation.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/lloperation.py
@@ -343,8 +343,8 @@
     'cast_uint_to_float':   LLOp(canfold=True),
     'cast_longlong_to_float' :LLOp(canfold=True),
     'cast_ulonglong_to_float':LLOp(canfold=True),
-    'cast_float_to_int':    LLOp(canraise=(OverflowError,), tryfold=True),
-    'cast_float_to_uint':   LLOp(canfold=True),    # XXX need OverflowError?
+    'cast_float_to_int':    LLOp(canfold=True),
+    'cast_float_to_uint':   LLOp(canfold=True),
     'cast_float_to_longlong' :LLOp(canfold=True),
     'cast_float_to_ulonglong':LLOp(canfold=True),
     'truncate_longlong_to_int':LLOp(canfold=True),
@@ -428,6 +428,7 @@
     'jit_marker':           LLOp(),
     'jit_force_virtualizable':LLOp(canrun=True),
     'jit_force_virtual':    LLOp(canrun=True),
+    'jit_is_virtual':       LLOp(canrun=True),
     'jit_force_quasi_immutable': LLOp(canrun=True),
     'get_exception_addr':   LLOp(),
     'get_exc_value_addr':   LLOp(),
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/lltype.py b/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/lltype.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/lltype.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/lltype.py
@@ -1360,6 +1360,8 @@
         obj = normalizeptr(self, check)._getobj(check)
         if isinstance(obj, int):
             return obj     # special case for cast_int_to_ptr() results put into opaques
+        if getattr(obj, '_read_directly_intval', False):
+            return obj.intval   # special case for _llgcopaque
         result = intmask(obj._getid())
         # assume that id() returns an addressish value which is
         # not zero and aligned to at least a multiple of 4
@@ -1520,7 +1522,7 @@
             and parentindex in (self._parent_type._names[0], 0)
             and self._TYPE._gckind == typeOf(parent)._gckind):
             # keep strong reference to parent, we share the same allocation
-            self._keepparent = parent 
+            self._keepparent = parent
 
     def _parentstructure(self, check=True):
         if self._wrparent is not None:
@@ -1711,6 +1713,7 @@
         return v
 
     def setitem(self, index, value):
+        assert typeOf(value) == self._TYPE.OF
         self.items[index] = value
 
 assert not '__dict__' in dir(_array)
@@ -1728,7 +1731,8 @@
         # Keep the parent array alive, we share the same allocation.
         # Don't do it if we are inside a GC object, though -- it's someone
         # else's job to keep the GC object alive
-        if typeOf(top_container(parent))._gckind == 'raw':
+        if (typeOf(top_container(parent))._gckind == 'raw' or
+            hasattr(top_container(parent)._storage, 'contents')):  # ll2ctypes
             self._keepparent = parent
 
     def __str__(self):
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/opimpl.py b/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/opimpl.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/opimpl.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/opimpl.py
@@ -355,6 +355,10 @@
     assert type(b) is bool
     return float(b)
 
+def op_cast_float_to_int(f):
+    assert type(f) is float
+    return intmask(int(f))
+
 def op_cast_float_to_uint(f):
     assert type(f) is float
     return r_uint(long(f))
@@ -538,6 +542,9 @@
 def op_jit_force_virtual(x):
     return x
 
+def op_jit_is_virtual(x):
+    return False
+
 def op_jit_force_quasi_immutable(*args):
     pass
 
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/rbuilder.py b/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/rbuilder.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/rbuilder.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/rbuilder.py
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
         except OverflowError:
             raise MemoryError
         newbuf = mallocfn(new_allocated)
-        copycontentsfn(ll_builder.buf, newbuf, 0, 0, ll_builder.allocated)
+        copycontentsfn(ll_builder.buf, newbuf, 0, 0, ll_builder.used)
         ll_builder.buf = newbuf
         ll_builder.allocated = new_allocated
     return func_with_new_name(stringbuilder_grow, name)
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
 class BaseStringBuilderRepr(AbstractStringBuilderRepr):
     def empty(self):
         return nullptr(self.lowleveltype.TO)
-    
+
     @classmethod
     def ll_new(cls, init_size):
         if init_size < 0 or init_size > MAX:
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/rdict.py b/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/rdict.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/rdict.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/rdict.py
@@ -1,16 +1,14 @@
 from pypy.tool.pairtype import pairtype
-from pypy.annotation import model as annmodel
 from pypy.objspace.flow.model import Constant
-from pypy.rpython.rdict import AbstractDictRepr, AbstractDictIteratorRepr,\
-     rtype_newdict
+from pypy.rpython.rdict import (AbstractDictRepr, AbstractDictIteratorRepr,
+     rtype_newdict)
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype
+from pypy.rlib import objectmodel, jit
 from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import r_uint, intmask, LONG_BIT
-from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import hlinvoke
-from pypy.rpython import robject
-from pypy.rlib import objectmodel, jit
 from pypy.rpython import rmodel
 from pypy.rpython.error import TyperError
 
+
 HIGHEST_BIT = intmask(1 << (LONG_BIT - 1))
 MASK = intmask(HIGHEST_BIT - 1)
 
@@ -417,17 +415,16 @@
     ENTRIES = lltype.typeOf(entries).TO
     return ENTRIES.fasthashfn(entries[i].key)
 
- at jit.dont_look_inside
 def ll_get_value(d, i):
     return d.entries[i].value
 
 def ll_keyhash_custom(d, key):
     DICT = lltype.typeOf(d).TO
-    return hlinvoke(DICT.r_rdict_hashfn, d.fnkeyhash, key)
+    return objectmodel.hlinvoke(DICT.r_rdict_hashfn, d.fnkeyhash, key)
 
 def ll_keyeq_custom(d, key1, key2):
     DICT = lltype.typeOf(d).TO
-    return hlinvoke(DICT.r_rdict_eqfn, d.fnkeyeq, key1, key2)
+    return objectmodel.hlinvoke(DICT.r_rdict_eqfn, d.fnkeyeq, key1, key2)
 
 def ll_dict_len(d):
     return d.num_items
@@ -448,7 +445,9 @@
     i = ll_dict_lookup(d, key, hash)
     return _ll_dict_setitem_lookup_done(d, key, value, hash, i)
 
- at jit.dont_look_inside
+# It may be safe to look inside always, it has a few branches though, and their
+# frequencies needs to be investigated.
+ at jit.look_inside_iff(lambda d, key, value, hash, i: jit.isvirtual(d) and jit.isconstant(key))
 def _ll_dict_setitem_lookup_done(d, key, value, hash, i):
     valid = (i & HIGHEST_BIT) == 0
     i = i & MASK
@@ -492,6 +491,8 @@
         raise KeyError
     _ll_dict_del(d, i)
 
+# XXX: Move the size checking and resize into a single call which is opauqe to
+# the JIT to avoid extra branches.
 @jit.dont_look_inside
 def _ll_dict_del(d, i):
     d.entries.mark_deleted(i)
@@ -532,6 +533,7 @@
 # ------- a port of CPython's dictobject.c's lookdict implementation -------
 PERTURB_SHIFT = 5
 
+ at jit.look_inside_iff(lambda d, key, hash: jit.isvirtual(d) and jit.isconstant(key))
 def ll_dict_lookup(d, key, hash):
     entries = d.entries
     ENTRIES = lltype.typeOf(entries).TO
@@ -621,7 +623,6 @@
     d.num_items = 0
     d.resize_counter = DICT_INITSIZE * 2
     return d
-ll_newdict.oopspec = 'newdict()'
 
 def ll_newdict_size(DICT, length_estimate):
     length_estimate = (length_estimate // 2) * 3
@@ -633,7 +634,6 @@
     d.num_items = 0
     d.resize_counter = n * 2
     return d
-ll_newdict_size.oopspec = 'newdict()'
 
 # pypy.rpython.memory.lldict uses a dict based on Struct and Array
 # instead of GcStruct and GcArray, which is done by using different
@@ -866,7 +866,6 @@
         global_popitem_index.nextindex = base + counter
     return i
 
- at jit.dont_look_inside
 def ll_popitem(ELEM, dic):
     i = _ll_getnextitem(dic)
     entry = dic.entries[i]
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/rtagged.py b/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/rtagged.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/rtagged.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/rtagged.py
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
         v_value = hop.inputarg(lltype.Signed, arg=1)
         c_one = hop.inputconst(lltype.Signed, 1)
         hop.exception_is_here()
-        v2 = hop.genop('int_lshift_ovf', [v_value, c_one],
+        v2 = hop.genop('int_add_ovf', [v_value, v_value],
                        resulttype = lltype.Signed)
         v2p1 = hop.genop('int_add', [v2, c_one],
                          resulttype = lltype.Signed)
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/test/test_ll2ctypes.py b/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/test/test_ll2ctypes.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/test/test_ll2ctypes.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/test/test_ll2ctypes.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem.ll2ctypes import uninitialized2ctypes
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem.ll2ctypes import ALLOCATED, force_cast
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem.ll2ctypes import cast_adr_to_int, get_ctypes_type
+from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem.ll2ctypes import _llgcopaque
 from pypy.rpython.annlowlevel import llhelper
 from pypy.rlib import rposix
 from pypy.translator.tool.cbuild import ExternalCompilationInfo
@@ -1123,6 +1124,9 @@
 
         #assert lltype.cast_ptr_to_int(ref1) == intval
 
+        x = rffi.cast(llmemory.GCREF, -17)
+        assert lltype.cast_ptr_to_int(x) == -17
+
     def test_ptr_truth(self):
         abc = rffi.cast(lltype.Ptr(lltype.FuncType([], lltype.Void)), 0)
         assert not abc
@@ -1346,6 +1350,11 @@
         round = ctypes2lltype(llmemory.GCREF, lltype2ctypes(opaque.hide()))
         assert Opaque.show(round) is opaque
 
+    def test_array_of_structs(self):
+        A = lltype.GcArray(lltype.Struct('x', ('v', lltype.Signed)))
+        a = lltype.malloc(A, 5)
+        a2 = ctypes2lltype(lltype.Ptr(A), lltype2ctypes(a))
+        assert a2._obj.getitem(0)._obj._parentstructure() is a2._obj
 
 class TestPlatform(object):
     def test_lib_on_libpaths(self):
@@ -1387,3 +1396,7 @@
         f = rffi.llexternal('f', [rffi.INT, rffi.INT], rffi.INT,
                             compilation_info=eci)
         assert f(3, 4) == 7
+
+    def test_llgcopaque_eq(self):
+        assert _llgcopaque(1) != None
+        assert _llgcopaque(0) == None
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/memory/gc/base.py b/pypy/rpython/memory/gc/base.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/memory/gc/base.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/memory/gc/base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, llmemory, llarena
+from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, llmemory, llarena, rffi
+from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem.lloperation import llop
 from pypy.rlib.debug import ll_assert
 from pypy.rpython.memory.gcheader import GCHeaderBuilder
 from pypy.rpython.memory.support import DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE
@@ -62,6 +63,7 @@
     def set_query_functions(self, is_varsize, has_gcptr_in_varsize,
                             is_gcarrayofgcptr,
                             getfinalizer,
+                            getlightfinalizer,
                             offsets_to_gc_pointers,
                             fixed_size, varsize_item_sizes,
                             varsize_offset_to_variable_part,
@@ -74,6 +76,7 @@
                             get_custom_trace,
                             fast_path_tracing):
         self.getfinalizer = getfinalizer
+        self.getlightfinalizer = getlightfinalizer
         self.is_varsize = is_varsize
         self.has_gcptr_in_varsize = has_gcptr_in_varsize
         self.is_gcarrayofgcptr = is_gcarrayofgcptr
@@ -139,6 +142,7 @@
 
         size = self.fixed_size(typeid)
         needs_finalizer = bool(self.getfinalizer(typeid))
+        finalizer_is_light = bool(self.getlightfinalizer(typeid))
         contains_weakptr = self.weakpointer_offset(typeid) >= 0
         assert not (needs_finalizer and contains_weakptr)
         if self.is_varsize(typeid):
@@ -158,6 +162,7 @@
             else:
                 malloc_fixedsize = self.malloc_fixedsize
             ref = malloc_fixedsize(typeid, size, needs_finalizer,
+                                   finalizer_is_light,
                                    contains_weakptr)
         # lots of cast and reverse-cast around...
         return llmemory.cast_ptr_to_adr(ref)
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/memory/gc/generation.py b/pypy/rpython/memory/gc/generation.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/memory/gc/generation.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/memory/gc/generation.py
@@ -167,7 +167,9 @@
         return self.nursery <= addr < self.nursery_top
 
     def malloc_fixedsize_clear(self, typeid, size,
-                               has_finalizer=False, contains_weakptr=False):
+                               has_finalizer=False,
+                               is_finalizer_light=False,
+                               contains_weakptr=False):
         if (has_finalizer or
             (raw_malloc_usage(size) > self.lb_young_fixedsize and
              raw_malloc_usage(size) > self.largest_young_fixedsize)):
@@ -179,6 +181,7 @@
             # "non-simple" case or object too big: don't use the nursery
             return SemiSpaceGC.malloc_fixedsize_clear(self, typeid, size,
                                                       has_finalizer,
+                                                      is_finalizer_light,
                                                       contains_weakptr)
         size_gc_header = self.gcheaderbuilder.size_gc_header
         totalsize = size_gc_header + size
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/memory/gc/marksweep.py b/pypy/rpython/memory/gc/marksweep.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/memory/gc/marksweep.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/memory/gc/marksweep.py
@@ -93,7 +93,8 @@
         pass
 
     def malloc_fixedsize(self, typeid16, size,
-                         has_finalizer=False, contains_weakptr=False):
+                         has_finalizer=False, is_finalizer_light=False,
+                         contains_weakptr=False):
         self.maybe_collect()
         size_gc_header = self.gcheaderbuilder.size_gc_header
         try:
@@ -128,7 +129,9 @@
     malloc_fixedsize._dont_inline_ = True
 
     def malloc_fixedsize_clear(self, typeid16, size,
-                               has_finalizer=False, contains_weakptr=False):
+                               has_finalizer=False,
+                               is_finalizer_light=False,
+                               contains_weakptr=False):
         self.maybe_collect()
         size_gc_header = self.gcheaderbuilder.size_gc_header
         try:
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/memory/gc/minimark.py b/pypy/rpython/memory/gc/minimark.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/memory/gc/minimark.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/memory/gc/minimark.py
@@ -290,6 +290,8 @@
         #
         # A list of all objects with finalizers (these are never young).
         self.objects_with_finalizers = self.AddressDeque()
+        self.young_objects_with_light_finalizers = self.AddressStack()
+        self.old_objects_with_light_finalizers = self.AddressStack()
         #
         # Two lists of the objects with weakrefs.  No weakref can be an
         # old object weakly pointing to a young object: indeed, weakrefs
@@ -457,14 +459,16 @@
 
 
     def malloc_fixedsize_clear(self, typeid, size,
-                               needs_finalizer=False, contains_weakptr=False):
+                               needs_finalizer=False,
+                               is_finalizer_light=False,
+                               contains_weakptr=False):
         size_gc_header = self.gcheaderbuilder.size_gc_header
         totalsize = size_gc_header + size
         rawtotalsize = raw_malloc_usage(totalsize)
         #
         # If the object needs a finalizer, ask for a rawmalloc.
         # The following check should be constant-folded.
-        if needs_finalizer:
+        if needs_finalizer and not is_finalizer_light:
             ll_assert(not contains_weakptr,
                      "'needs_finalizer' and 'contains_weakptr' both specified")
             obj = self.external_malloc(typeid, 0, can_make_young=False)
@@ -494,13 +498,14 @@
             #
             # Build the object.
             llarena.arena_reserve(result, totalsize)
+            obj = result + size_gc_header
+            if is_finalizer_light:
+                self.young_objects_with_light_finalizers.append(obj)
             self.init_gc_object(result, typeid, flags=0)
             #
             # If it is a weakref, record it (check constant-folded).
             if contains_weakptr:
-                self.young_objects_with_weakrefs.append(result+size_gc_header)
-            #
-            obj = result + size_gc_header
+                self.young_objects_with_weakrefs.append(obj)
         #
         return llmemory.cast_adr_to_ptr(obj, llmemory.GCREF)
 
@@ -1264,6 +1269,8 @@
         # weakrefs' targets.
         if self.young_objects_with_weakrefs.non_empty():
             self.invalidate_young_weakrefs()
+        if self.young_objects_with_light_finalizers.non_empty():
+            self.deal_with_young_objects_with_finalizers()
         #
         # Clear this mapping.
         if self.nursery_objects_shadows.length() > 0:
@@ -1292,10 +1299,12 @@
         # if a prebuilt GcStruct contains a pointer to a young object,
         # then the write_barrier must have ensured that the prebuilt
         # GcStruct is in the list self.old_objects_pointing_to_young.
+        debug_start("gc-minor-walkroots")
         self.root_walker.walk_roots(
             MiniMarkGC._trace_drag_out1,  # stack roots
             MiniMarkGC._trace_drag_out1,  # static in prebuilt non-gc
             None)                         # static in prebuilt gc
+        debug_stop("gc-minor-walkroots")
 
     def collect_cardrefs_to_nursery(self):
         size_gc_header = self.gcheaderbuilder.size_gc_header
@@ -1582,6 +1591,9 @@
         # Weakref support: clear the weak pointers to dying objects
         if self.old_objects_with_weakrefs.non_empty():
             self.invalidate_old_weakrefs()
+        if self.old_objects_with_light_finalizers.non_empty():
+            self.deal_with_old_objects_with_finalizers()
+
         #
         # Walk all rawmalloced objects and free the ones that don't
         # have the GCFLAG_VISITED flag.
@@ -1647,8 +1659,7 @@
         if self.header(obj).tid & GCFLAG_VISITED:
             self.header(obj).tid &= ~GCFLAG_VISITED
             return False     # survives
-        else:
-            return True      # dies
+        return True      # dies
 
     def _reset_gcflag_visited(self, obj, ignored):
         self.header(obj).tid &= ~GCFLAG_VISITED
@@ -1827,6 +1838,39 @@
     # ----------
     # Finalizers
 
+    def deal_with_young_objects_with_finalizers(self):
+        """ This is a much simpler version of dealing with finalizers
+        and an optimization - we can reasonably assume that those finalizers
+        don't do anything fancy and *just* call them. Among other things
+        they won't resurrect objects
+        """
+        while self.young_objects_with_light_finalizers.non_empty():
+            obj = self.young_objects_with_light_finalizers.pop()
+            if not self.is_forwarded(obj):
+                finalizer = self.getlightfinalizer(self.get_type_id(obj))
+                ll_assert(bool(finalizer), "no light finalizer found")
+                finalizer(obj, llmemory.NULL)
+
+    def deal_with_old_objects_with_finalizers(self):
+        """ This is a much simpler version of dealing with finalizers
+        and an optimization - we can reasonably assume that those finalizers
+        don't do anything fancy and *just* call them. Among other things
+        they won't resurrect objects
+        """
+        new_objects = self.AddressStack()
+        while self.old_objects_with_light_finalizers.non_empty():
+            obj = self.old_objects_with_light_finalizers.pop()
+            if self.header(obj).tid & GCFLAG_VISITED:
+                # surviving
+                new_objects.append(obj)
+            else:
+                # dying
+                finalizer = self.getlightfinalizer(self.get_type_id(obj))
+                ll_assert(bool(finalizer), "no light finalizer found")
+                finalizer(obj, llmemory.NULL)
+        self.old_objects_with_light_finalizers.delete()
+        self.old_objects_with_light_finalizers = new_objects
+
     def deal_with_objects_with_finalizers(self):
         # Walk over list of objects with finalizers.
         # If it is not surviving, add it to the list of to-be-called
@@ -1957,7 +2001,6 @@
             #
             self.old_objects_with_weakrefs.append(obj)
 
-
     def invalidate_old_weakrefs(self):
         """Called during a major collection."""
         # walk over list of objects that contain weakrefs
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/memory/gc/semispace.py b/pypy/rpython/memory/gc/semispace.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/memory/gc/semispace.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/memory/gc/semispace.py
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@
         self.free = self.tospace
         MovingGCBase.setup(self)
         self.objects_with_finalizers = self.AddressDeque()
+        self.objects_with_light_finalizers = self.AddressStack()
         self.objects_with_weakrefs = self.AddressStack()
 
     def _teardown(self):
@@ -93,7 +94,9 @@
     # because the spaces are filled with zeroes in advance.
 
     def malloc_fixedsize_clear(self, typeid16, size,
-                               has_finalizer=False, contains_weakptr=False):
+                               has_finalizer=False,
+                               is_finalizer_light=False,
+                               contains_weakptr=False):
         size_gc_header = self.gcheaderbuilder.size_gc_header
         totalsize = size_gc_header + size
         result = self.free
@@ -102,7 +105,9 @@
         llarena.arena_reserve(result, totalsize)
         self.init_gc_object(result, typeid16)
         self.free = result + totalsize
-        if has_finalizer:
+        if is_finalizer_light:
+            self.objects_with_light_finalizers.append(result + size_gc_header)
+        elif has_finalizer:
             self.objects_with_finalizers.append(result + size_gc_header)
         if contains_weakptr:
             self.objects_with_weakrefs.append(result + size_gc_header)
@@ -263,6 +268,8 @@
         if self.run_finalizers.non_empty():
             self.update_run_finalizers()
         scan = self.scan_copied(scan)
+        if self.objects_with_light_finalizers.non_empty():
+            self.deal_with_objects_with_light_finalizers()
         if self.objects_with_finalizers.non_empty():
             scan = self.deal_with_objects_with_finalizers(scan)
         if self.objects_with_weakrefs.non_empty():
@@ -471,6 +478,23 @@
         # immortal objects always have GCFLAG_FORWARDED set;
         # see get_forwarding_address().
 
+    def deal_with_objects_with_light_finalizers(self):
+        """ This is a much simpler version of dealing with finalizers
+        and an optimization - we can reasonably assume that those finalizers
+        don't do anything fancy and *just* call them. Among other things
+        they won't resurrect objects
+        """
+        new_objects = self.AddressStack()
+        while self.objects_with_light_finalizers.non_empty():
+            obj = self.objects_with_light_finalizers.pop()
+            if self.surviving(obj):
+                new_objects.append(self.get_forwarding_address(obj))
+            else:
+                finalizer = self.getfinalizer(self.get_type_id(obj))
+                finalizer(obj, llmemory.NULL)
+        self.objects_with_light_finalizers.delete()
+        self.objects_with_light_finalizers = new_objects
+
     def deal_with_objects_with_finalizers(self, scan):
         # walk over list of objects with finalizers
         # if it is not copied, add it to the list of to-be-called finalizers
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/memory/gctransform/framework.py b/pypy/rpython/memory/gctransform/framework.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/memory/gctransform/framework.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/memory/gctransform/framework.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import we_are_translated
 from pypy.translator.backendopt import graphanalyze
 from pypy.translator.backendopt.support import var_needsgc
+from pypy.translator.backendopt.finalizer import FinalizerAnalyzer
 from pypy.annotation import model as annmodel
 from pypy.rpython import annlowlevel
 from pypy.rpython.rbuiltin import gen_cast
@@ -258,6 +259,7 @@
             [s_gc, s_typeid16,
              annmodel.SomeInteger(nonneg=True),
              annmodel.SomeBool(),
+             annmodel.SomeBool(),
              annmodel.SomeBool()], s_gcref,
             inline = False)
         if hasattr(GCClass, 'malloc_fixedsize'):
@@ -267,6 +269,7 @@
                 [s_gc, s_typeid16,
                  annmodel.SomeInteger(nonneg=True),
                  annmodel.SomeBool(),
+                 annmodel.SomeBool(),
                  annmodel.SomeBool()], s_gcref,
                 inline = False)
         else:
@@ -319,7 +322,7 @@
             raise NotImplementedError("GC needs write barrier, but does not provide writebarrier_before_copy functionality")
 
         # in some GCs we can inline the common case of
-        # malloc_fixedsize(typeid, size, True, False, False)
+        # malloc_fixedsize(typeid, size, False, False, False)
         if getattr(GCClass, 'inline_simple_malloc', False):
             # make a copy of this function so that it gets annotated
             # independently and the constants are folded inside
@@ -337,7 +340,7 @@
                 malloc_fast,
                 [s_gc, s_typeid16,
                  annmodel.SomeInteger(nonneg=True),
-                 s_False, s_False], s_gcref,
+                 s_False, s_False, s_False], s_gcref,
                 inline = True)
         else:
             self.malloc_fast_ptr = None
@@ -668,7 +671,13 @@
         kind_and_fptr = self.special_funcptr_for_type(TYPE)
         has_finalizer = (kind_and_fptr is not None and
                          kind_and_fptr[0] == "finalizer")
+        has_light_finalizer = (kind_and_fptr is not None and
+                               kind_and_fptr[0] == "light_finalizer")
+        if has_light_finalizer:
+            has_finalizer = True
         c_has_finalizer = rmodel.inputconst(lltype.Bool, has_finalizer)
+        c_has_light_finalizer = rmodel.inputconst(lltype.Bool,
+                                                  has_light_finalizer)
 
         if not op.opname.endswith('_varsize') and not flags.get('varsize'):
             #malloc_ptr = self.malloc_fixedsize_ptr
@@ -682,7 +691,8 @@
             else:
                 malloc_ptr = self.malloc_fixedsize_ptr
             args = [self.c_const_gc, c_type_id, c_size,
-                    c_has_finalizer, rmodel.inputconst(lltype.Bool, False)]
+                    c_has_finalizer, c_has_light_finalizer,
+                    rmodel.inputconst(lltype.Bool, False)]
         else:
             assert not c_has_finalizer.value
             info_varsize = self.layoutbuilder.get_info_varsize(type_id)
@@ -847,12 +857,13 @@
         # used by the JIT (see pypy.jit.backend.llsupport.gc)
         op = hop.spaceop
         [v_typeid, v_size,
-         v_has_finalizer, v_contains_weakptr] = op.args
+         v_has_finalizer, v_has_light_finalizer, v_contains_weakptr] = op.args
         livevars = self.push_roots(hop)
         hop.genop("direct_call",
                   [self.malloc_fixedsize_clear_ptr, self.c_const_gc,
                    v_typeid, v_size,
-                   v_has_finalizer, v_contains_weakptr],
+                   v_has_finalizer, v_has_light_finalizer,
+                   v_contains_weakptr],
                   resultvar=op.result)
         self.pop_roots(hop, livevars)
 
@@ -912,10 +923,10 @@
         info = self.layoutbuilder.get_info(type_id)
         c_size = rmodel.inputconst(lltype.Signed, info.fixedsize)
         malloc_ptr = self.malloc_fixedsize_ptr
-        c_has_finalizer = rmodel.inputconst(lltype.Bool, False)
+        c_false = rmodel.inputconst(lltype.Bool, False)
         c_has_weakptr = rmodel.inputconst(lltype.Bool, True)
         args = [self.c_const_gc, c_type_id, c_size,
-                c_has_finalizer, c_has_weakptr]
+                c_false, c_false, c_has_weakptr]
 
         # push and pop the current live variables *including* the argument
         # to the weakref_create operation, which must be kept alive and
@@ -1250,6 +1261,7 @@
             lltype2vtable = translator.rtyper.lltype2vtable


More information about the pypy-commit mailing list