[pypy-commit] pypy dynamic-specialized-tuple: Merged default in.

alex_gaynor noreply at buildbot.pypy.org
Mon Apr 23 16:00:54 CEST 2012


Author: Alex Gaynor <alex.gaynor at gmail.com>
Branch: dynamic-specialized-tuple
Changeset: r54678:1cdf2585f691
Date: 2012-04-23 08:29 -0400
http://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/changeset/1cdf2585f691/

Log:	Merged default in.

diff --git a/lib_pypy/_ctypes/builtin.py b/lib_pypy/_ctypes/builtin.py
--- a/lib_pypy/_ctypes/builtin.py
+++ b/lib_pypy/_ctypes/builtin.py
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 try:
     from thread import _local as local
 except ImportError:
-    local = object    # no threads
+    class local(object):    # no threads
+        pass
 
 class ConvMode:
     encoding = 'ascii'
diff --git a/lib_pypy/_ctypes_test.py b/lib_pypy/_ctypes_test.py
--- a/lib_pypy/_ctypes_test.py
+++ b/lib_pypy/_ctypes_test.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
     # Compile .c file
     include_dir = os.path.join(thisdir, '..', 'include')
     if sys.platform == 'win32':
-        ccflags = []
+        ccflags = ['-D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS']
     else:
         ccflags = ['-fPIC']
     res = compiler.compile([os.path.join(thisdir, '_ctypes_test.c')],
@@ -34,6 +34,13 @@
     if sys.platform == 'win32':
         # XXX libpypy-c.lib is currently not installed automatically
         library = os.path.join(thisdir, '..', 'include', 'libpypy-c')
+        if not os.path.exists(library + '.lib'):
+            #For a nightly build
+            library = os.path.join(thisdir, '..', 'include', 'python27')
+        if not os.path.exists(library + '.lib'):
+            # For a local translation
+            library = os.path.join(thisdir, '..', 'pypy', 'translator',
+                    'goal', 'libpypy-c')
         libraries = [library, 'oleaut32']
         extra_ldargs = ['/MANIFEST'] # needed for VC10
     else:
diff --git a/lib_pypy/_testcapi.py b/lib_pypy/_testcapi.py
--- a/lib_pypy/_testcapi.py
+++ b/lib_pypy/_testcapi.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
     # Compile .c file
     include_dir = os.path.join(thisdir, '..', 'include')
     if sys.platform == 'win32':
-        ccflags = []
+        ccflags = ['-D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS']
     else:
         ccflags = ['-fPIC', '-Wimplicit-function-declaration']
     res = compiler.compile([os.path.join(thisdir, '_testcapimodule.c')],
@@ -29,6 +29,13 @@
     if sys.platform == 'win32':
         # XXX libpypy-c.lib is currently not installed automatically
         library = os.path.join(thisdir, '..', 'include', 'libpypy-c')
+        if not os.path.exists(library + '.lib'):
+            #For a nightly build
+            library = os.path.join(thisdir, '..', 'include', 'python27')
+        if not os.path.exists(library + '.lib'):
+            # For a local translation
+            library = os.path.join(thisdir, '..', 'pypy', 'translator',
+                    'goal', 'libpypy-c')
         libraries = [library, 'oleaut32']
         extra_ldargs = ['/MANIFEST',  # needed for VC10
                         '/EXPORT:init_testcapi']
diff --git a/lib_pypy/pyrepl/reader.py b/lib_pypy/pyrepl/reader.py
--- a/lib_pypy/pyrepl/reader.py
+++ b/lib_pypy/pyrepl/reader.py
@@ -152,8 +152,8 @@
      (r'\<delete>', 'delete'),
      (r'\<backspace>', 'backspace'),
      (r'\M-\<backspace>', 'backward-kill-word'),
-     (r'\<end>', 'end'),
-     (r'\<home>', 'home'),
+     (r'\<end>', 'end-of-line'),         # was 'end'
+     (r'\<home>', 'beginning-of-line'),  # was 'home'
      (r'\<f1>', 'help'),
      (r'\EOF', 'end'),  # the entries in the terminfo database for xterms
      (r'\EOH', 'home'), # seem to be wrong.  this is a less than ideal
diff --git a/pypy/annotation/description.py b/pypy/annotation/description.py
--- a/pypy/annotation/description.py
+++ b/pypy/annotation/description.py
@@ -229,8 +229,8 @@
                     return thing
                 elif hasattr(thing, '__name__'): # mostly types and functions
                     return thing.__name__
-                elif hasattr(thing, 'name'): # mostly ClassDescs
-                    return thing.name
+                elif hasattr(thing, 'name') and isinstance(thing.name, str):
+                    return thing.name            # mostly ClassDescs
                 elif isinstance(thing, tuple):
                     return '_'.join(map(nameof, thing))
                 else:
diff --git a/pypy/doc/cppyy.rst b/pypy/doc/cppyy.rst
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pypy/doc/cppyy.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,333 @@
+============================
+cppyy: C++ bindings for PyPy
+============================
+
+The cppyy module provides C++ bindings for PyPy by using the reflection
+information extracted from C++ header files by means of the
+`Reflex package`_.
+For this to work, you have to both install Reflex and build PyPy from the
+reflex-support branch.
+As indicated by this being a branch, support for Reflex is still
+experimental.
+However, it is functional enough to put it in the hands of those who want
+to give it a try.
+In the medium term, cppyy will move away from Reflex and instead use
+`cling`_ as its backend, which is based on `llvm`_.
+Although that will change the logistics on the generation of reflection
+information, it will not change the python-side interface.
+
+.. _`Reflex package`: http://root.cern.ch/drupal/content/reflex
+.. _`cling`: http://root.cern.ch/drupal/content/cling
+.. _`llvm`: http://llvm.org/
+
+
+Installation
+============
+
+For now, the easiest way of getting the latest version of Reflex, is by
+installing the ROOT package.
+Besides getting the latest version of Reflex, another advantage is that with
+the full ROOT package, you can also use your Reflex-bound code on `CPython`_.
+`Download`_ a binary or install from `source`_.
+Some Linux and Mac systems may have ROOT provided in the list of scientific
+software of their packager.
+A current, standalone version of Reflex should be provided at some point,
+once the dependencies and general packaging have been thought out.
+Also, make sure you have a version of `gccxml`_ installed, which is most
+easily provided by the packager of your system.
+If you read up on gccxml, you'll probably notice that it is no longer being
+developed and hence will not provide C++11 support.
+That's why the medium term plan is to move to `cling`_.
+
+.. _`Download`: http://root.cern.ch/drupal/content/downloading-root
+.. _`source`: http://root.cern.ch/drupal/content/installing-root-source
+.. _`gccxml`: http://www.gccxml.org
+
+Next, get the `PyPy sources`_, select the reflex-support branch, and build
+pypy-c.
+For the build to succeed, the ``$ROOTSYS`` environment variable must point to
+the location of your ROOT installation::
+
+    $ hg clone https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy
+    $ cd pypy
+    $ hg up reflex-support
+    $ cd pypy/translator/goal
+    $ python translate.py -O jit --gcrootfinder=shadowstack targetpypystandalone.py --withmod-cppyy
+
+This will build a ``pypy-c`` that includes the cppyy module, and through that,
+Reflex support.
+Of course, if you already have a pre-built version of the ``pypy`` interpreter,
+you can use that for the translation rather than ``python``.
+
+.. _`PyPy sources`: https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/overview
+
+
+Basic example
+=============
+
+Now test with a trivial example whether all packages are properly installed
+and functional.
+First, create a C++ header file with some class in it (note that all functions
+are made inline for convenience; a real-world example would of course have a
+corresponding source file)::
+
+    $ cat MyClass.h
+    class MyClass {
+    public:
+        MyClass(int i = -99) : m_myint(i) {}
+
+        int GetMyInt() { return m_myint; }
+        void SetMyInt(int i) { m_myint = i; }
+
+    public:
+       int m_myint;
+    };
+
+Then, generate the bindings using ``genreflex`` (part of ROOT), and compile the
+code::
+
+    $ genreflex MyClass.h
+    $ g++ -fPIC -rdynamic -O2 -shared -I$ROOTSYS/include MyClass_rflx.cpp -o libMyClassDict.so
+
+Now you're ready to use the bindings.
+Since the bindings are designed to look pythonistic, it should be
+straightforward::
+
+    $ pypy-c
+    >>>> import cppyy
+    >>>> cppyy.load_reflection_info("libMyClassDict.so")
+    <CPPLibrary object at 0xb6fd7c4c>
+    >>>> myinst = cppyy.gbl.MyClass(42)
+    >>>> print myinst.GetMyInt()
+    42
+    >>>> myinst.SetMyInt(33)
+    >>>> print myinst.m_myint
+    33
+    >>>> myinst.m_myint = 77
+    >>>> print myinst.GetMyInt()
+    77
+    >>>> help(cppyy.gbl.MyClass)   # shows that normal python introspection works
+
+That's all there is to it!
+
+
+Features
+========
+
+The following is not meant to be an exhaustive list, since cppyy is still
+under active development.
+Furthermore, the intention is that every feature is as natural as possible on
+the python side, so if you find something missing in the list below, simply
+try it out.
+It is not always possible to provide exact mapping between python and C++
+(active memory management is one such case), but by and large, if the use of a
+feature does not strike you as obvious, it is more likely to simply be a bug.
+That is a strong statement to make, but also a worthy goal.
+
+* **abstract classes**: Are represented as python classes, since they are
+  needed to complete the inheritance hierarchies, but will raise an exception
+  if an attempt is made to instantiate from them.
+
+* **arrays**: Supported for builtin data types only, as used from module
+  ``array``.
+  Out-of-bounds checking is limited to those cases where the size is known at
+  compile time (and hence part of the reflection info).
+
+* **builtin data types**: Map onto the expected equivalent python types, with
+  the caveat that there may be size differences, and thus it is possible that
+  exceptions are raised if an overflow is detected.
+
+* **casting**: Is supposed to be unnecessary.
+  Object pointer returns from functions provide the most derived class known
+  in the hierarchy of the object being returned.
+  This is important to preserve object identity as well as to make casting,
+  a pure C++ feature after all, superfluous.
+
+* **classes and structs**: Get mapped onto python classes, where they can be
+  instantiated as expected.
+  If classes are inner classes or live in a namespace, their naming and
+  location will reflect that.
+
+* **data members**: Public data members are represented as python properties
+  and provide read and write access on instances as expected.
+
+* **default arguments**: C++ default arguments work as expected, but python
+  keywords are not supported.
+  It is technically possible to support keywords, but for the C++ interface,
+  the formal argument names have no meaning and are not considered part of the
+  API, hence it is not a good idea to use keywords.
+
+* **doc strings**: The doc string of a method or function contains the C++
+  arguments and return types of all overloads of that name, as applicable.
+
+* **functions**: Work as expected and live in their appropriate namespace
+  (which can be the global one, ``cppyy.gbl``).
+
+* **inheritance**: All combinations of inheritance on the C++ (single,
+  multiple, virtual) are supported in the binding.
+  However, new python classes can only use single inheritance from a bound C++
+  class.
+  Multiple inheritance would introduce two "this" pointers in the binding.
+  This is a current, not a fundamental, limitation.
+  The C++ side will not see any overridden methods on the python side, as
+  cross-inheritance is planned but not yet supported.
+
+* **methods**: Are represented as python methods and work as expected.
+  They are first class objects and can be bound to an instance.
+  Virtual C++ methods work as expected.
+  To select a specific virtual method, do like with normal python classes
+  that override methods: select it from the class that you need, rather than
+  calling the method on the instance.
+
+* **namespaces**: Are represented as python classes.
+  Namespaces are more open-ended than classes, so sometimes initial access may
+  result in updates as data and functions are looked up and constructed
+  lazily.
+  Thus the result of ``dir()`` on a namespace should not be relied upon: it
+  only shows the already accessed members. (TODO: to be fixed by implementing
+  __dir__.)
+  The global namespace is ``cppyy.gbl``.
+
+* **operator conversions**: If defined in the C++ class and a python
+  equivalent exists (i.e. all builtin integer and floating point types, as well
+  as ``bool``), it will map onto that python conversion.
+  Note that ``char*`` is mapped onto ``__str__``.
+
+* **operator overloads**: If defined in the C++ class and if a python
+  equivalent is available (not always the case, think e.g. of ``operator||``),
+  then they work as expected.
+  Special care needs to be taken for global operator overloads in C++: first,
+  make sure that they are actually reflected, especially for the global
+  overloads for ``operator==`` and ``operator!=`` of STL iterators in the case
+  of gcc.
+  Second, make sure that reflection info is loaded in the proper order.
+  I.e. that these global overloads are available before use.
+
+* **pointers**: For builtin data types, see arrays.
+  For objects, a pointer to an object and an object looks the same, unless
+  the pointer is a data member.
+  In that case, assigning to the data member will cause a copy of the pointer
+  and care should be taken about the object's life time.
+  If a pointer is a global variable, the C++ side can replace the underlying
+  object and the python side will immediately reflect that.
+
+* **static data members**: Are represented as python property objects on the
+  class and the meta-class.
+  Both read and write access is as expected.
+
+* **static methods**: Are represented as python's ``staticmethod`` objects
+  and can be called both from the class as well as from instances.
+
+* **strings**: The std::string class is considered a builtin C++ type and
+  mixes quite well with python's str.
+  Python's str can be passed where a ``const char*`` is expected, and an str
+  will be returned if the return type is ``const char*``.
+
+* **templated classes**: Are represented in a meta-class style in python.
+  This looks a little bit confusing, but conceptually is rather natural.
+  For example, given the class ``std::vector<int>``, the meta-class part would
+  be ``std.vector`` in python.
+  Then, to get the instantiation on ``int``, do ``std.vector(int)`` and to
+  create an instance of that class, do ``std.vector(int)()``.
+  Note that templates can be build up by handing actual types to the class
+  instantiation (as done in this vector example), or by passing in the list of
+  template arguments as a string.
+  The former is a lot easier to work with if you have template instantiations
+  using classes that themselves are templates (etc.) in the arguments.
+  All classes must already exist in the loaded reflection info.
+
+* **unary operators**: Are supported if a python equivalent exists, and if the
+  operator is defined in the C++ class.
+
+You can always find more detailed examples and see the full of supported
+features by looking at the tests in pypy/module/cppyy/test.
+
+If a feature or reflection info is missing, this is supposed to be handled
+gracefully.
+In fact, there are unit tests explicitly for this purpose (even as their use
+becomes less interesting over time, as the number of missing features
+decreases).
+Only when a missing feature is used, should there be an exception.
+For example, if no reflection info is available for a return type, then a
+class that has a method with that return type can still be used.
+Only that one specific method can not be used.
+
+
+The fast lane
+=============
+
+The following is an experimental feature of cppyy, and that makes it doubly
+experimental, so caveat emptor.
+With a slight modification of Reflex, it can provide function pointers for
+C++ methods, and hence allow PyPy to call those pointers directly, rather than
+calling C++ through a Reflex stub.
+This results in a rather significant speed-up.
+Mind you, the normal stub path is not exactly slow, so for now only use this
+out of curiosity or if you really need it.
+
+To install this patch of Reflex, locate the file genreflex-methptrgetter.patch
+in pypy/module/cppyy and apply it to the genreflex python scripts found in
+``$ROOTSYS/lib``::
+
+    $ cd $ROOTSYS/lib
+    $ patch -p2 < genreflex-methptrgetter.patch
+
+With this patch, ``genreflex`` will have grown the ``--with-methptrgetter``
+option.
+Use this option when running ``genreflex``, and add the
+``-Wno-pmf-conversions`` option to ``g++`` when compiling.
+The rest works the same way: the fast path will be used transparently (which
+also means that you can't actually find out whether it is in use, other than
+by running a micro-benchmark).
+
+
+CPython
+=======
+
+Most of the ideas in cppyy come originally from the `PyROOT`_ project.
+Although PyROOT does not support Reflex directly, it has an alter ego called
+"PyCintex" that, in a somewhat roundabout way, does.
+If you installed ROOT, rather than just Reflex, PyCintex should be available
+immediately if you add ``$ROOTSYS/lib`` to the ``PYTHONPATH`` environment
+variable.
+
+.. _`PyROOT`: http://root.cern.ch/drupal/content/pyroot
+
+There are a couple of minor differences between PyCintex and cppyy, most to do
+with naming.
+The one that you will run into directly, is that PyCintex uses a function
+called ``loadDictionary`` rather than ``load_reflection_info``.
+The reason for this is that Reflex calls the shared libraries that contain
+reflection info "dictionaries."
+However, in python, the name `dictionary` already has a well-defined meaning,
+so a more descriptive name was chosen for cppyy.
+In addition, PyCintex requires that the names of shared libraries so loaded
+start with "lib" in their name.
+The basic example above, rewritten for PyCintex thus goes like this::
+
+    $ python
+    >>> import PyCintex
+    >>> PyCintex.loadDictionary("libMyClassDict.so")
+    >>> myinst = PyCintex.gbl.MyClass(42)
+    >>> print myinst.GetMyInt()
+    42
+    >>> myinst.SetMyInt(33)
+    >>> print myinst.m_myint
+    33
+    >>> myinst.m_myint = 77
+    >>> print myinst.GetMyInt()
+    77
+    >>> help(PyCintex.gbl.MyClass)   # shows that normal python introspection works
+
+Other naming differences are such things as taking an address of an object.
+In PyCintex, this is done with ``AddressOf`` whereas in cppyy the choice was
+made to follow the naming as in ``ctypes`` and hence use ``addressof``
+(PyROOT/PyCintex predate ``ctypes`` by several years, and the ROOT project
+follows camel-case, hence the differences).
+
+Of course, this is python, so if any of the naming is not to your liking, all
+you have to do is provide a wrapper script that you import instead of
+importing the ``cppyy`` or ``PyCintex`` modules directly.
+In that wrapper script you can rename methods exactly the way you need it.
+
+In the cling world, all these differences will be resolved.
diff --git a/pypy/doc/extending.rst b/pypy/doc/extending.rst
--- a/pypy/doc/extending.rst
+++ b/pypy/doc/extending.rst
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@
 
 * Write them in RPython as mixedmodule_, using *rffi* as bindings.
 
+* Write them in C++ and bind them through Reflex_ (EXPERIMENTAL)
+
 .. _ctypes: #CTypes
 .. _\_ffi: #LibFFI
 .. _mixedmodule: #Mixed Modules
@@ -110,3 +112,34 @@
 
 XXX we should provide detailed docs about lltype and rffi, especially if we
     want people to follow that way.
+
+Reflex
+======
+
+This method is only experimental for now, and is being exercised on a branch,
+`reflex-support`_, so you will have to build PyPy yourself.
+The method works by using the `Reflex package`_ to provide reflection
+information of the C++ code, which is then used to automatically generate
+bindings at runtime, which can then be used from python.
+Full details are `available here`_.
+
+.. _`reflex-support`: cppyy.html
+.. _`Reflex package`: http://root.cern.ch/drupal/content/reflex
+.. _`available here`: cppyy.html
+
+Pros
+----
+
+If it works, it is mostly automatic, and hence easy in use.
+The bindings can make use of direct pointers, in which case the calls are
+very fast.
+
+Cons
+----
+
+C++ is a large language, and these bindings are not yet feature-complete.
+Although missing features should do no harm if you don't use them, if you do
+need a particular feature, it may be necessary to work around it in python
+or with a C++ helper function.
+Although Reflex works on various platforms, the bindings with PyPy have only
+been tested on Linux.
diff --git a/pypy/interpreter/function.py b/pypy/interpreter/function.py
--- a/pypy/interpreter/function.py
+++ b/pypy/interpreter/function.py
@@ -49,7 +49,9 @@
     def __repr__(self):
         # return "function %s.%s" % (self.space, self.name)
         # maybe we want this shorter:
-        name = getattr(self, 'name', '?')
+        name = getattr(self, 'name', None)
+        if not isinstance(name, str):
+            name = '?'
         return "<%s %s>" % (self.__class__.__name__, name)
 
     def call_args(self, args):
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/assembler.py b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/assembler.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/assembler.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/assembler.py
@@ -1656,15 +1656,21 @@
         else:
             # XXX hard-coded assumption: to go from an object to its class
             # we use the following algorithm:
-            #   - read the typeid from mem(locs[0]), i.e. at offset 0
-            #   - keep the lower 16 bits read there
-            #   - multiply by 4 and use it as an offset in type_info_group
-            #   - add 16 bytes, to go past the TYPE_INFO structure
+            #   - read the typeid from mem(locs[0]), i.e. at offset 0;
+            #     this is a complete word (N=4 bytes on 32-bit, N=8 on
+            #     64-bits)
+            #   - keep the lower half of what is read there (i.e.
+            #     truncate to an unsigned 'N / 2' bytes value)
+            #   - multiply by 4 (on 32-bits only) and use it as an
+            #     offset in type_info_group
+            #   - add 16/32 bytes, to go past the TYPE_INFO structure
             loc = locs[1]
             assert isinstance(loc, ImmedLoc)
             classptr = loc.value
             # here, we have to go back from 'classptr' to the value expected
-            # from reading the 16 bits in the object header
+            # from reading the half-word in the object header.  Note that
+            # this half-word is at offset 0 on a little-endian machine;
+            # it would be at offset 2 or 4 on a big-endian machine.
             from pypy.rpython.memory.gctypelayout import GCData
             sizeof_ti = rffi.sizeof(GCData.TYPE_INFO)
             type_info_group = llop.gc_get_type_info_group(llmemory.Address)
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/iterator.py b/pypy/module/cpyext/iterator.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/iterator.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/iterator.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
     cannot be iterated."""
     return space.iter(w_obj)
 
- at cpython_api([PyObject], PyObject, error=CANNOT_FAIL)
+ at cpython_api([PyObject], PyObject)
 def PyIter_Next(space, w_obj):
     """Return the next value from the iteration o.  If the object is an
     iterator, this retrieves the next value from the iteration, and returns
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/listobject.py b/pypy/module/cpyext/listobject.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/listobject.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/listobject.py
@@ -110,6 +110,16 @@
     space.call_method(w_list, "reverse")
     return 0
 
+ at cpython_api([PyObject, Py_ssize_t, Py_ssize_t], PyObject)
+def PyList_GetSlice(space, w_list, low, high):
+    """Return a list of the objects in list containing the objects between low
+    and high.  Return NULL and set an exception if unsuccessful.  Analogous
+    to list[low:high].  Negative indices, as when slicing from Python, are not
+    supported."""
+    w_start = space.wrap(low)
+    w_stop = space.wrap(high)
+    return space.getslice(w_list, w_start, w_stop)
+
 @cpython_api([PyObject, Py_ssize_t, Py_ssize_t, PyObject], rffi.INT_real, error=-1)
 def PyList_SetSlice(space, w_list, low, high, w_sequence):
     """Set the slice of list between low and high to the contents of
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/object.py b/pypy/module/cpyext/object.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/object.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/object.py
@@ -381,6 +381,15 @@
     This is the equivalent of the Python expression hash(o)."""
     return space.int_w(space.hash(w_obj))
 
+ at cpython_api([PyObject], lltype.Signed, error=-1)
+def PyObject_HashNotImplemented(space, o):
+    """Set a TypeError indicating that type(o) is not hashable and return -1.
+    This function receives special treatment when stored in a tp_hash slot,
+    allowing a type to explicitly indicate to the interpreter that it is not
+    hashable.
+    """
+    raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.wrap("unhashable type"))
+
 @cpython_api([PyObject], PyObject)
 def PyObject_Dir(space, w_o):
     """This is equivalent to the Python expression dir(o), returning a (possibly
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/pyerrors.py b/pypy/module/cpyext/pyerrors.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/pyerrors.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/pyerrors.py
@@ -314,7 +314,10 @@
     """This function simulates the effect of a SIGINT signal arriving --- the
     next time PyErr_CheckSignals() is called, KeyboardInterrupt will be raised.
     It may be called without holding the interpreter lock."""
-    space.check_signal_action.set_interrupt()
+    if space.check_signal_action is not None:
+        space.check_signal_action.set_interrupt()
+    #else:
+    #   no 'signal' module present, ignore...  We can't return an error here
 
 @cpython_api([PyObjectP, PyObjectP, PyObjectP], lltype.Void)
 def PyErr_GetExcInfo(space, ptype, pvalue, ptraceback):
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/slotdefs.py b/pypy/module/cpyext/slotdefs.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/slotdefs.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/slotdefs.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
     cpython_api, generic_cpy_call, PyObject, Py_ssize_t)
 from pypy.module.cpyext.typeobjectdefs import (
     unaryfunc, wrapperfunc, ternaryfunc, PyTypeObjectPtr, binaryfunc,
-    getattrfunc, getattrofunc, setattrofunc, lenfunc, ssizeargfunc,
+    getattrfunc, getattrofunc, setattrofunc, lenfunc, ssizeargfunc, inquiry,
     ssizessizeargfunc, ssizeobjargproc, iternextfunc, initproc, richcmpfunc,
     cmpfunc, hashfunc, descrgetfunc, descrsetfunc, objobjproc, objobjargproc,
     readbufferproc)
@@ -60,6 +60,16 @@
     args_w = space.fixedview(w_args)
     return generic_cpy_call(space, func_binary, w_self, args_w[0])
 
+def wrap_inquirypred(space, w_self, w_args, func):
+    func_inquiry = rffi.cast(inquiry, func)
+    check_num_args(space, w_args, 0)
+    args_w = space.fixedview(w_args)
+    res = generic_cpy_call(space, func_inquiry, w_self)
+    res = rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, res)
+    if res == -1:
+        space.fromcache(State).check_and_raise_exception()
+    return space.wrap(bool(res))
+
 def wrap_getattr(space, w_self, w_args, func):
     func_target = rffi.cast(getattrfunc, func)
     check_num_args(space, w_args, 1)
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/stringobject.py b/pypy/module/cpyext/stringobject.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/stringobject.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/stringobject.py
@@ -294,6 +294,26 @@
         w_errors = space.wrap(rffi.charp2str(errors))
     return space.call_method(w_str, 'encode', w_encoding, w_errors)
 
+ at cpython_api([PyObject, rffi.CCHARP, rffi.CCHARP], PyObject)
+def PyString_AsDecodedObject(space, w_str, encoding, errors):
+    """Decode a string object by passing it to the codec registered
+    for encoding and return the result as Python object. encoding and
+    errors have the same meaning as the parameters of the same name in
+    the string encode() method.  The codec to be used is looked up
+    using the Python codec registry. Return NULL if an exception was
+    raised by the codec.
+
+    This function is not available in 3.x and does not have a PyBytes alias."""
+    if not PyString_Check(space, w_str):
+        PyErr_BadArgument(space)
+
+    w_encoding = w_errors = space.w_None
+    if encoding:
+        w_encoding = space.wrap(rffi.charp2str(encoding))
+    if errors:
+        w_errors = space.wrap(rffi.charp2str(errors))
+    return space.call_method(w_str, "decode", w_encoding, w_errors)
+
 @cpython_api([PyObject, PyObject], PyObject)
 def _PyString_Join(space, w_sep, w_seq):
     return space.call_method(w_sep, 'join', w_seq)
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/stubs.py b/pypy/module/cpyext/stubs.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/stubs.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/stubs.py
@@ -1405,17 +1405,6 @@
     """
     raise NotImplementedError
 
- at cpython_api([PyObject, Py_ssize_t, Py_ssize_t], PyObject)
-def PyList_GetSlice(space, list, low, high):
-    """Return a list of the objects in list containing the objects between low
-    and high.  Return NULL and set an exception if unsuccessful.  Analogous
-    to list[low:high].  Negative indices, as when slicing from Python, are not
-    supported.
-
-    This function used an int for low and high. This might
-    require changes in your code for properly supporting 64-bit systems."""
-    raise NotImplementedError
-
 @cpython_api([Py_ssize_t], PyObject)
 def PyLong_FromSsize_t(space, v):
     """Return a new PyLongObject object from a C Py_ssize_t, or
@@ -1606,15 +1595,6 @@
     for PyObject_Str()."""
     raise NotImplementedError
 
- at cpython_api([PyObject], lltype.Signed, error=-1)
-def PyObject_HashNotImplemented(space, o):
-    """Set a TypeError indicating that type(o) is not hashable and return -1.
-    This function receives special treatment when stored in a tp_hash slot,
-    allowing a type to explicitly indicate to the interpreter that it is not
-    hashable.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError
-
 @cpython_api([], PyFrameObject)
 def PyEval_GetFrame(space):
     """Return the current thread state's frame, which is NULL if no frame is
@@ -1737,17 +1717,6 @@
     changes in your code for properly supporting 64-bit systems."""
     raise NotImplementedError
 
- at cpython_api([PyObject, rffi.CCHARP, rffi.CCHARP], PyObject)
-def PyString_AsDecodedObject(space, str, encoding, errors):
-    """Decode a string object by passing it to the codec registered for encoding and
-    return the result as Python object. encoding and errors have the same
-    meaning as the parameters of the same name in the string encode() method.
-    The codec to be used is looked up using the Python codec registry. Return NULL
-    if an exception was raised by the codec.
-
-    This function is not available in 3.x and does not have a PyBytes alias."""
-    raise NotImplementedError
-
 @cpython_api([rffi.CCHARP, Py_ssize_t, rffi.CCHARP, rffi.CCHARP], PyObject)
 def PyString_Encode(space, s, size, encoding, errors):
     """Encode the char buffer of the given size by passing it to the codec
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_iterator.py b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_iterator.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_iterator.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_iterator.py
@@ -15,3 +15,8 @@
         assert space.unwrap(api.PyIter_Next(w_iter)) == 3
         assert api.PyIter_Next(w_iter) is None
         assert not api.PyErr_Occurred()
+
+    def test_iternext_error(self,space, api):
+        assert api.PyIter_Next(space.w_None) is None
+        assert api.PyErr_Occurred() is space.w_TypeError
+        api.PyErr_Clear()
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_listobject.py b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_listobject.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_listobject.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_listobject.py
@@ -58,6 +58,11 @@
         w_t = api.PyList_AsTuple(w_l)
         assert space.unwrap(w_t) == (3, 2, 1)
 
+    def test_list_getslice(self, space, api):
+        w_l = space.newlist([space.wrap(3), space.wrap(2), space.wrap(1)])
+        w_s = api.PyList_GetSlice(w_l, 1, 5)
+        assert space.unwrap(w_s) == [2, 1]
+
 class AppTestListObject(AppTestCpythonExtensionBase):
     def test_listobject(self):
         import sys
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_stringobject.py b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_stringobject.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_stringobject.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_stringobject.py
@@ -307,6 +307,13 @@
             space.wrap(2), lltype.nullptr(rffi.CCHARP.TO), lltype.nullptr(rffi.CCHARP.TO)
         )
 
+    def test_AsDecodedObject(self, space, api):
+        w_str = space.wrap('caf\xe9')
+        encoding = rffi.str2charp("latin-1")
+        w_res = api.PyString_AsDecodedObject(w_str, encoding, None)
+        rffi.free_charp(encoding)
+        assert space.unwrap(w_res) == u"caf\xe9"
+
     def test_eq(self, space, api):
         assert 1 == api._PyString_Eq(space.wrap("hello"), space.wrap("hello"))
         assert 0 == api._PyString_Eq(space.wrap("hello"), space.wrap("world"))
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_typeobject.py b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_typeobject.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_typeobject.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_typeobject.py
@@ -488,3 +488,55 @@
         assert type(it) is type(iter([]))
         assert module.tp_iternext(it) == 1
         raises(StopIteration, module.tp_iternext, it)
+        
+    def test_bool(self):
+        module = self.import_extension('foo', [
+            ("newInt", "METH_VARARGS",
+             """
+                IntLikeObject *intObj;
+                long intval;
+                PyObject *name;
+
+                if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i", &intval))
+                    return NULL;
+
+                IntLike_Type.tp_as_number = &intlike_as_number;
+                intlike_as_number.nb_nonzero = intlike_nb_nonzero;
+                if (PyType_Ready(&IntLike_Type) < 0) return NULL;
+                intObj = PyObject_New(IntLikeObject, &IntLike_Type);
+                if (!intObj) {
+                    return NULL;
+                }
+
+                intObj->value = intval;
+                return (PyObject *)intObj;
+             """)],
+            """
+            typedef struct
+            {
+                PyObject_HEAD
+                int value;
+            } IntLikeObject;
+
+            static int
+            intlike_nb_nonzero(IntLikeObject *v)
+            {
+                if (v->value == -42) {
+                    PyErr_SetNone(PyExc_ValueError);
+                    return -1;
+                }
+                return v->value;
+            }
+
+            PyTypeObject IntLike_Type = {
+                PyObject_HEAD_INIT(0)
+                /*ob_size*/             0,
+                /*tp_name*/             "IntLike",
+                /*tp_basicsize*/        sizeof(IntLikeObject),
+            };
+            static PyNumberMethods intlike_as_number;
+            """)
+        assert not bool(module.newInt(0))
+        assert bool(module.newInt(1))
+        assert bool(module.newInt(-1))
+        raises(ValueError, bool, module.newInt(-42))
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_unicodeobject.py b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_unicodeobject.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_unicodeobject.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_unicodeobject.py
@@ -453,10 +453,22 @@
 
     def test_tailmatch(self, space, api):
         w_str = space.wrap(u"abcdef")
-        assert api.PyUnicode_Tailmatch(w_str, space.wrap("cde"), 2, 10, 1) == 1
-        assert api.PyUnicode_Tailmatch(w_str, space.wrap("cde"), 1, 5, -1) == 1
+        # prefix match
+        assert api.PyUnicode_Tailmatch(w_str, space.wrap("cde"), 2, 9, -1) == 1
+        assert api.PyUnicode_Tailmatch(w_str, space.wrap("cde"), 2, 4, -1) == 0 # ends at 'd'
+        assert api.PyUnicode_Tailmatch(w_str, space.wrap("cde"), 1, 6, -1) == 0 # starts at 'b'
+        assert api.PyUnicode_Tailmatch(w_str, space.wrap("cdf"), 2, 6, -1) == 0
+        # suffix match
+        assert api.PyUnicode_Tailmatch(w_str, space.wrap("cde"), 1, 5,  1) == 1
+        assert api.PyUnicode_Tailmatch(w_str, space.wrap("cde"), 3, 5,  1) == 0 # starts at 'd'
+        assert api.PyUnicode_Tailmatch(w_str, space.wrap("cde"), 1, 6,  1) == 0 # ends at 'f'
+        assert api.PyUnicode_Tailmatch(w_str, space.wrap("bde"), 1, 5,  1) == 0
+        # type checks
         self.raises(space, api, TypeError,
                     api.PyUnicode_Tailmatch, w_str, space.wrap(3), 2, 10, 1)
+        self.raises(space, api, TypeError,
+                    api.PyUnicode_Tailmatch, space.wrap(3), space.wrap("abc"),
+                    2, 10, 1)
 
     def test_count(self, space, api):
         w_str = space.wrap(u"abcabdab")
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/unicodeobject.py b/pypy/module/cpyext/unicodeobject.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/unicodeobject.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/unicodeobject.py
@@ -593,7 +593,7 @@
     suffix match), 0 otherwise. Return -1 if an error occurred."""
     str = space.unicode_w(w_str)
     substr = space.unicode_w(w_substr)
-    if rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, direction) >= 0:
+    if rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, direction) <= 0:
         return stringtype.stringstartswith(str, substr, start, end)
     else:
         return stringtype.stringendswith(str, substr, start, end)
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/__init__.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/__init__.py
--- a/pypy/module/micronumpy/__init__.py
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/__init__.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
     interpleveldefs = {
         'debug_repr': 'interp_extras.debug_repr',
         'remove_invalidates': 'interp_extras.remove_invalidates',
+        'set_invalidation': 'interp_extras.set_invalidation',
     }
     appleveldefs = {}
 
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@
         'isna': 'interp_numarray.isna',
         'concatenate': 'interp_numarray.concatenate',
         'repeat': 'interp_numarray.repeat',
+        'where': 'interp_arrayops.where',
 
         'set_string_function': 'appbridge.set_string_function',
 
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/compile.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/compile.py
--- a/pypy/module/micronumpy/compile.py
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/compile.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_dtype import get_dtype_cache
 from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_numarray import (Scalar, BaseArray,
      scalar_w, W_NDimArray, array)
+from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_arrayops import where
 from pypy.module.micronumpy import interp_ufuncs
 from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import specialize, instantiate
 
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@
 SINGLE_ARG_FUNCTIONS = ["sum", "prod", "max", "min", "all", "any",
                         "unegative", "flat", "tostring"]
 TWO_ARG_FUNCTIONS = ["dot", 'take']
+THREE_ARG_FUNCTIONS = ['where']
 
 class FakeSpace(object):
     w_ValueError = None
@@ -445,14 +447,25 @@
             arg = self.args[1].execute(interp)
             if not isinstance(arg, BaseArray):
                 raise ArgumentNotAnArray
-            if not isinstance(arg, BaseArray):
-                raise ArgumentNotAnArray
             if self.name == "dot":
                 w_res = arr.descr_dot(interp.space, arg)
             elif self.name == 'take':
                 w_res = arr.descr_take(interp.space, arg)
             else:
                 assert False # unreachable code
+        elif self.name in THREE_ARG_FUNCTIONS:
+            if len(self.args) != 3:
+                raise ArgumentMismatch
+            arg1 = self.args[1].execute(interp)
+            arg2 = self.args[2].execute(interp)
+            if not isinstance(arg1, BaseArray):
+                raise ArgumentNotAnArray
+            if not isinstance(arg2, BaseArray):
+                raise ArgumentNotAnArray
+            if self.name == "where":
+                w_res = where(interp.space, arr, arg1, arg2)
+            else:
+                assert False
         else:
             raise WrongFunctionName
         if isinstance(w_res, BaseArray):
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_arrayops.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_arrayops.py
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_arrayops.py
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+
+from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_numarray import convert_to_array,\
+     VirtualArray
+from pypy.module.micronumpy import signature
+
+class WhereArray(VirtualArray):
+    def __init__(self, space, arr, x, y):
+        self.arr = arr
+        self.x = x
+        self.y = y
+        VirtualArray.__init__(self, 'where', arr.shape[:],
+                              x.find_dtype())
+
+    def create_sig(self):
+        if self.forced_result is not None:
+            return self.forced_result.create_sig()
+        return signature.WhereSignature(self.res_dtype, self.arr.find_dtype(),
+                                        self.arr.create_sig(),
+                                        self.x.create_sig(),
+                                        self.y.create_sig())
+
+    def _del_sources(self):
+        self.arr = None
+        self.x = None
+        self.y = None
+
+def where(space, w_arr, w_x, w_y):
+    """where(condition, [x, y])
+
+    Return elements, either from `x` or `y`, depending on `condition`.
+
+    If only `condition` is given, return ``condition.nonzero()``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    condition : array_like, bool
+        When True, yield `x`, otherwise yield `y`.
+    x, y : array_like, optional
+        Values from which to choose. `x` and `y` need to have the same
+        shape as `condition`.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray or tuple of ndarrays
+        If both `x` and `y` are specified, the output array contains
+        elements of `x` where `condition` is True, and elements from
+        `y` elsewhere.
+
+        If only `condition` is given, return the tuple
+        ``condition.nonzero()``, the indices where `condition` is True.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    nonzero, choose
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    If `x` and `y` are given and input arrays are 1-D, `where` is
+    equivalent to::
+
+        [xv if c else yv for (c,xv,yv) in zip(condition,x,y)]
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.where([[True, False], [True, True]],
+    ...          [[1, 2], [3, 4]],
+    ...          [[9, 8], [7, 6]])
+    array([[1, 8],
+           [3, 4]])
+
+    >>> np.where([[0, 1], [1, 0]])
+    (array([0, 1]), array([1, 0]))
+
+    >>> x = np.arange(9.).reshape(3, 3)
+    >>> np.where( x > 5 )
+    (array([2, 2, 2]), array([0, 1, 2]))
+    >>> x[np.where( x > 3.0 )]               # Note: result is 1D.
+    array([ 4.,  5.,  6.,  7.,  8.])
+    >>> np.where(x < 5, x, -1)               # Note: broadcasting.
+    array([[ 0.,  1.,  2.],
+           [ 3.,  4., -1.],
+           [-1., -1., -1.]])
+
+    
+    NOTE: support for not passing x and y is unsupported
+    """
+    arr = convert_to_array(space, w_arr)
+    x = convert_to_array(space, w_x)
+    y = convert_to_array(space, w_y)
+    return WhereArray(space, arr, x, y)
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_extras.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_extras.py
--- a/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_extras.py
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_extras.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from pypy.interpreter.gateway import unwrap_spec
-from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_numarray import BaseArray
+from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_numarray import BaseArray, get_numarray_cache
 
 
 @unwrap_spec(array=BaseArray)
@@ -13,3 +13,7 @@
     """
     del array.invalidates[:]
     return space.w_None
+
+ at unwrap_spec(arg=bool)
+def set_invalidation(space, arg):
+    get_numarray_cache(space).enable_invalidation = arg
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_numarray.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_numarray.py
--- a/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_numarray.py
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_numarray.py
@@ -72,9 +72,10 @@
             arr.force_if_needed()
         del self.invalidates[:]
 
-    def add_invalidates(self, other):
-        self.invalidates.append(other)
-
+    def add_invalidates(self, space, other):
+        if get_numarray_cache(space).enable_invalidation:
+            self.invalidates.append(other)
+        
     def descr__new__(space, w_subtype, w_size, w_dtype=None):
         dtype = space.interp_w(interp_dtype.W_Dtype,
             space.call_function(space.gettypefor(interp_dtype.W_Dtype), w_dtype)
@@ -1583,3 +1584,10 @@
         arr.fill(space, space.wrap(False))
         return arr
     return space.wrap(False)
+
+class NumArrayCache(object):
+    def __init__(self, space):
+        self.enable_invalidation = True
+
+def get_numarray_cache(space):
+    return space.fromcache(NumArrayCache)
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_ufuncs.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_ufuncs.py
--- a/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_ufuncs.py
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_ufuncs.py
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@
         else:
             w_res = Call1(self.func, self.name, w_obj.shape, calc_dtype,
                                          res_dtype, w_obj)
-        w_obj.add_invalidates(w_res)
+        w_obj.add_invalidates(space, w_res)
         return w_res
 
 
@@ -347,8 +347,8 @@
         w_res = Call2(self.func, self.name,
                       new_shape, calc_dtype,
                       res_dtype, w_lhs, w_rhs, out)
-        w_lhs.add_invalidates(w_res)
-        w_rhs.add_invalidates(w_res)
+        w_lhs.add_invalidates(space, w_res)
+        w_rhs.add_invalidates(space, w_res)
         if out:
             w_res.get_concrete()
         return w_res
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/signature.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/signature.py
--- a/pypy/module/micronumpy/signature.py
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/signature.py
@@ -498,3 +498,63 @@
         arr.left.setitem(iterator.offset, value)
     def debug_repr(self):
         return 'AxisReduceSig(%s, %s)' % (self.name, self.right.debug_repr())
+
+class WhereSignature(Signature):
+    _immutable_fields_ = ['dtype', 'arrdtype', 'arrsig', 'xsig', 'ysig']
+    
+    def __init__(self, dtype, arrdtype, arrsig, xsig, ysig):
+        self.dtype = dtype
+        self.arrdtype = arrdtype
+        self.arrsig = arrsig
+        self.xsig = xsig
+        self.ysig = ysig
+
+    def hash(self):
+        return (intmask(self.arrsig.hash() << 1) ^
+                intmask(self.xsig.hash() << 2) ^
+                intmask(self.ysig.hash() << 3))
+
+    def eq(self, other, compare_array_no=True):
+        if type(self) is not type(other):
+            return False
+        assert isinstance(other, WhereSignature)
+        return (self.arrsig.eq(other.arrsig, compare_array_no) and
+                self.xsig.eq(other.xsig, compare_array_no) and
+                self.ysig.eq(other.ysig, compare_array_no))
+
+    def _invent_array_numbering(self, arr, cache):
+        from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_arrayops import WhereArray
+        assert isinstance(arr, WhereArray)
+        self.arrsig._invent_array_numbering(arr.arr, cache)
+        self.xsig._invent_array_numbering(arr.x, cache)
+        self.ysig._invent_array_numbering(arr.y, cache)
+
+    def _invent_numbering(self, cache, allnumbers):
+        self.arrsig._invent_numbering(cache, allnumbers)
+        self.xsig._invent_numbering(cache, allnumbers)
+        self.ysig._invent_numbering(cache, allnumbers)
+
+    def _create_iter(self, iterlist, arraylist, arr, transforms):
+        from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_arrayops import WhereArray
+
+        assert isinstance(arr, WhereArray)
+        # XXX this does not support broadcasting correctly
+        self.arrsig._create_iter(iterlist, arraylist, arr.arr, transforms)
+        self.xsig._create_iter(iterlist, arraylist, arr.x, transforms)
+        self.ysig._create_iter(iterlist, arraylist, arr.y, transforms)
+ 
+    def eval(self, frame, arr):
+        from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_arrayops import WhereArray
+        assert isinstance(arr, WhereArray)
+        lhs = self.xsig.eval(frame, arr.x).convert_to(self.dtype)
+        rhs = self.ysig.eval(frame, arr.y).convert_to(self.dtype)
+        w_val = self.arrsig.eval(frame, arr.arr)
+        if self.arrdtype.itemtype.bool(w_val):
+            return lhs
+        else:
+            return rhs
+
+    def debug_repr(self):
+        return 'Where(%s, %s, %s)' % (self.arrsig.debug_repr(),
+                                      self.xsig.debug_repr(),
+                                      self.ysig.debug_repr())
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_arrayops.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_arrayops.py
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_arrayops.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+
+from pypy.module.micronumpy.test.test_base import BaseNumpyAppTest
+
+class AppTestNumSupport(BaseNumpyAppTest):
+    def test_where(self):
+        from _numpypy import where, ones, zeros, array
+        a = [1, 2, 3, 0, -3]
+        a = where(array(a) > 0, ones(5), zeros(5))
+        assert (a == [1, 1, 1, 0, 0]).all()
+
+    def test_where_invalidates(self):
+        from _numpypy import where, ones, zeros, array
+        a = array([1, 2, 3, 0, -3])
+        b = where(a > 0, ones(5), zeros(5))
+        a[0] = 0
+        assert (b == [1, 1, 1, 0, 0]).all()
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_compile.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_compile.py
--- a/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_compile.py
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_compile.py
@@ -270,3 +270,13 @@
         b -> 2
         """)
         assert interp.results[0].value == 3
+
+    def test_where(self):
+        interp = self.run('''
+        a = [1, 0, 3, 0]
+        b = [1, 1, 1, 1]
+        c = [0, 0, 0, 0]
+        d = where(a, b, c)
+        d -> 1
+        ''')
+        assert interp.results[0].value == 0
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_numarray.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_numarray.py
--- a/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_numarray.py
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_numarray.py
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 
 import py
 
-from pypy.conftest import gettestobjspace, option
+from pypy.conftest import option
 from pypy.interpreter.error import OperationError
-from pypy.module.micronumpy import signature
 from pypy.module.micronumpy.appbridge import get_appbridge_cache
 from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_iter import Chunk, Chunks
 from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_numarray import W_NDimArray, shape_agreement
@@ -1831,6 +1830,19 @@
         a[a & 1 == 1] = array([8, 9, 10])
         assert (a == [[0, 8], [2, 9], [4, 10]]).all()
 
+    def test_array_indexing_bool_setitem_multidim(self):
+        from _numpypy import arange
+        a = arange(10).reshape(5, 2)
+        a[a & 1 == 0] = 15
+        assert (a == [[15, 1], [15, 3], [15, 5], [15, 7], [15, 9]]).all()
+
+    def test_array_indexing_bool_setitem_2(self):
+        from _numpypy import arange
+        a = arange(10).reshape(5, 2)
+        a = a[::2]
+        a[a & 1 == 0] = 15
+        assert (a == [[15, 1], [15, 5], [15, 9]]).all()
+
     def test_copy_kwarg(self):
         from _numpypy import array
         x = array([1, 2, 3])
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_ufuncs.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_ufuncs.py
--- a/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_ufuncs.py
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_ufuncs.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 
 from pypy.module.micronumpy.test.test_base import BaseNumpyAppTest
 
-
 class AppTestUfuncs(BaseNumpyAppTest):
     def test_ufunc_instance(self):
         from _numpypy import add, ufunc
@@ -149,7 +148,11 @@
         assert math.isnan(fmax(0, nan))
         assert math.isnan(fmax(nan, nan))
         # The numpy docs specify that the FIRST NaN should be used if both are NaN
-        assert math.copysign(1.0, fmax(nnan, nan)) == -1.0
+        # Since comparisons with nnan and nan all return false,
+        # use copysign on both sides to sidestep bug in nan representaion
+        # on Microsoft win32
+        assert math.copysign(1., fmax(nnan, nan)) == math.copysign(1., nnan)
+
 
     def test_fmin(self):
         from _numpypy import fmin
@@ -165,7 +168,9 @@
         assert math.isnan(fmin(0, nan))
         assert math.isnan(fmin(nan, nan))
         # The numpy docs specify that the FIRST NaN should be used if both are NaN
-        assert math.copysign(1.0, fmin(nnan, nan)) == -1.0
+        # use copysign on both sides to sidestep bug in nan representaion
+        # on Microsoft win32
+        assert math.copysign(1., fmin(nnan, nan)) == math.copysign(1., nnan)
 
     def test_fmod(self):
         from _numpypy import fmod
diff --git a/pypy/module/mmap/test/test_mmap.py b/pypy/module/mmap/test/test_mmap.py
--- a/pypy/module/mmap/test/test_mmap.py
+++ b/pypy/module/mmap/test/test_mmap.py
@@ -596,7 +596,7 @@
         import sys
         size = 0x14FFFFFFF
         if sys.platform.startswith('win') or sys.platform == 'darwin':
-            self.skip('test requires %s bytes and a long time to run' % size)
+            skip('test requires %s bytes and a long time to run' % size)
 
         with open(self.tmpname, "w+b") as f:
             f.seek(size)
@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@
         import sys
         size = 0x17FFFFFFF
         if sys.platform.startswith('win') or sys.platform == 'darwin':
-            self.skip('test requires %s bytes and a long time to run' % size)
+            skip('test requires %s bytes and a long time to run' % size)
 
         with open(self.tmpname, "w+b") as f:
             f.seek(size)
diff --git a/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/test_exception.py b/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/test_exception.py
--- a/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/test_exception.py
+++ b/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/test_exception.py
@@ -91,3 +91,29 @@
             --TICK--
             jump(..., descr=...)
         """)
+
+    def test_continue_in_finally(self):
+        # check that 'continue' inside a try:finally: block is correctly
+        # detected as closing a loop
+        py.test.skip("is this case important?")
+        def f(n):
+            i = 0
+            while 1:
+                try:
+                    if i < n:
+                        continue
+                finally:
+                    i += 1
+                return i
+
+        log = self.run(f, [2000])
+        assert log.result == 2001
+        loop, = log.loops_by_filename(self.filepath)
+        assert loop.match("""
+            i40 = int_add_ovf(i31, 1)
+            guard_no_overflow(descr=...)
+            i41 = int_lt(i40, i33)
+            guard_true(i41, descr=...)
+            --TICK--
+            jump(..., descr=...)
+        """)
diff --git a/pypy/module/rctime/interp_time.py b/pypy/module/rctime/interp_time.py
--- a/pypy/module/rctime/interp_time.py
+++ b/pypy/module/rctime/interp_time.py
@@ -24,10 +24,9 @@
     from pypy.module.thread import ll_thread as thread
 
     eci = ExternalCompilationInfo(
+        includes = ['windows.h'],
         post_include_bits = ["BOOL pypy_timemodule_setCtrlHandler(HANDLE event);"],
         separate_module_sources=['''
-            #include <windows.h>
-
             static HANDLE interrupt_event;
 
             static BOOL WINAPI CtrlHandlerRoutine(
diff --git a/pypy/module/zipimport/interp_zipimport.py b/pypy/module/zipimport/interp_zipimport.py
--- a/pypy/module/zipimport/interp_zipimport.py
+++ b/pypy/module/zipimport/interp_zipimport.py
@@ -229,7 +229,11 @@
         startpos = fullname.rfind('.') + 1 # 0 when not found
         assert startpos >= 0
         subname = fullname[startpos:]
-        return self.prefix + subname.replace('.', '/')
+        if ZIPSEP == os.path.sep:
+            return self.prefix + subname.replace('.', '/')
+        else:
+            return self.prefix.replace(os.path.sep, ZIPSEP) + \
+                    subname.replace('.', '/')
 
     def make_co_filename(self, filename):
         """
diff --git a/pypy/module/zipimport/test/test_zipimport.py b/pypy/module/zipimport/test/test_zipimport.py
--- a/pypy/module/zipimport/test/test_zipimport.py
+++ b/pypy/module/zipimport/test/test_zipimport.py
@@ -313,13 +313,11 @@
         assert z.get_filename("package") == mod.__file__
 
     def test_subdirectory_twice(self):
-        import os, zipimport
+        #import os, zipimport
  
         self.writefile("package/__init__.py", "")
         self.writefile("package/subpackage/__init__.py", "")
         self.writefile("package/subpackage/foo.py", "")
-        import sys
-        print sys.path
         mod = __import__('package.subpackage.foo', None, None, [])
         assert mod
 
diff --git a/pypy/objspace/descroperation.py b/pypy/objspace/descroperation.py
--- a/pypy/objspace/descroperation.py
+++ b/pypy/objspace/descroperation.py
@@ -414,7 +414,8 @@
     def contains(space, w_container, w_item):
         w_descr = space.lookup(w_container, '__contains__')
         if w_descr is not None:
-            return space.get_and_call_function(w_descr, w_container, w_item)
+            w_result = space.get_and_call_function(w_descr, w_container, w_item)
+            return space.nonzero(w_result)
         return space._contains(w_container, w_item)
 
     def _contains(space, w_container, w_item):
diff --git a/pypy/objspace/std/model.py b/pypy/objspace/std/model.py
--- a/pypy/objspace/std/model.py
+++ b/pypy/objspace/std/model.py
@@ -366,7 +366,10 @@
     __slots__ = ()
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        s = '%s(%s)' % (self.__class__.__name__, getattr(self, 'name', ''))
+        name = getattr(self, 'name', '')
+        if not isinstance(name, str):
+            name = ''
+        s = '%s(%s)' % (self.__class__.__name__, name)
         w_cls = getattr(self, 'w__class__', None)
         if w_cls is not None and w_cls is not self:
             s += ' instance of %s' % self.w__class__
diff --git a/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_methodcache.py b/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_methodcache.py
--- a/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_methodcache.py
+++ b/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_methodcache.py
@@ -63,8 +63,31 @@
             assert a.f() == 42 + i
             A.f = eval("lambda self: %s" % (42 + i + 1, ))
         cache_counter = __pypy__.method_cache_counter("f")
-        # the cache hits come from A.f = ..., which first does a lookup on A as
-        # well
+        #
+        # a bit of explanation about what's going on.  (1) is the line "a.f()"
+        # and (2) is "A.f = ...".
+        #
+        # at line (1) we do the lookup on type(a).f
+        #
+        # at line (2) we do a setattr on A. However, descr_setattr does also a
+        # lookup of type(A).f i.e. type.f, to check if by chance 'f' is a data
+        # descriptor.
+        #
+        # At the first iteration:
+        # (1) is a miss because it's the first lookup of A.f. The result is cached
+        #
+        # (2) is a miss because it is the first lookup of type.f. The
+        # (non-existant) result is cached. The version of A changes, and 'f'
+        # is changed to be a cell object, so that subsequest assignments won't
+        # change the version of A
+        #
+        # At the second iteration:
+        # (1) is a miss because the version of A changed just before
+        # (2) is a hit, because type.f is cached. The version of A no longer changes
+        #
+        # At the third and subsequent iterations:
+        # (1) is a hit, because the version of A did not change
+        # (2) is a hit, see above
         assert cache_counter == (17, 3)
 
     def test_subclasses(self):
diff --git a/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_stringformat.py b/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_stringformat.py
--- a/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_stringformat.py
+++ b/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_stringformat.py
@@ -295,12 +295,11 @@
         assert u'%x' % ten == 'a'
 
     def test_long_no_overflow(self):
-        big = 100000000000L
-        assert "%x" % big == "174876e800"
+        big = 0x1234567890987654321
+        assert "%x" % big == "1234567890987654321"
 
     def test_missing_cases(self):
-        big = -123456789012345678901234567890L
-        print '%032d' % big
+        big = -123456789012345678901234567890
         assert '%032d' % big == '-0123456789012345678901234567890'
 
     def test_invalid_char(self):
diff --git a/pypy/objspace/test/test_descroperation.py b/pypy/objspace/test/test_descroperation.py
--- a/pypy/objspace/test/test_descroperation.py
+++ b/pypy/objspace/test/test_descroperation.py
@@ -694,5 +694,31 @@
         l = len(X(X(2)))
         assert l == 2 and type(l) is int
 
+    def test_bool___contains__(self):
+        class X(object):
+            def __contains__(self, item):
+                if item == 'foo':
+                    return 42
+                else:
+                    return 'hello world'
+        x = X()
+        res = 'foo' in x
+        assert res is True
+        res = 'bar' in x
+        assert res is True
+        #
+        class MyError(Exception):
+            pass
+        class CannotConvertToBool(object):
+            def __nonzero__(self):
+                raise MyError
+        class X(object):
+            def __contains__(self, item):
+                return CannotConvertToBool()
+        x = X()
+        raises(MyError, "'foo' in x")
+        
+            
+
 class AppTestWithBuiltinShortcut(AppTest_Descroperation):
     OPTIONS = {'objspace.std.builtinshortcut': True}
diff --git a/pypy/pytest.ini b/pypy/pytest.ini
--- a/pypy/pytest.ini
+++ b/pypy/pytest.ini
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 [pytest]
-addopts = --assert=plain -rf
+addopts = --assert=reinterp -rf
diff --git a/pypy/rlib/rbigint.py b/pypy/rlib/rbigint.py
--- a/pypy/rlib/rbigint.py
+++ b/pypy/rlib/rbigint.py
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 # In that case, do 5 bits at a time.  The potential drawback is that
 # a table of 2**5 intermediate results is computed.
 
-## FIVEARY_CUTOFF = 8   disabled for now
+FIVEARY_CUTOFF = 8
 
 
 def _mask_digit(x):
@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@
 
         # python adaptation: moved macros REDUCE(X) and MULT(X, Y, result)
         # into helper function result = _help_mult(x, y, c)
-        if 1:   ## b.numdigits() <= FIVEARY_CUTOFF:
+        if b.numdigits() <= FIVEARY_CUTOFF:
             # Left-to-right binary exponentiation (HAC Algorithm 14.79)
             # http://www.cacr.math.uwaterloo.ca/hac/about/chap14.pdf
             i = b.numdigits() - 1
@@ -469,30 +469,51 @@
                         z = _help_mult(z, a, c)
                     j >>= 1
                 i -= 1
-##        else:
-##            This code is disabled for now, because it assumes that
-##            SHIFT is a multiple of 5.  It could be fixed but it looks
-##            like it's more troubles than benefits...
-##
-##            # Left-to-right 5-ary exponentiation (HAC Algorithm 14.82)
-##            # This is only useful in the case where c != None.
-##            # z still holds 1L
-##            table = [z] * 32
-##            table[0] = z
-##            for i in range(1, 32):
-##                table[i] = _help_mult(table[i-1], a, c)
-##            i = b.numdigits() - 1
-##            while i >= 0:
-##                bi = b.digit(i)
-##                j = SHIFT - 5
-##                while j >= 0:
-##                    index = (bi >> j) & 0x1f
-##                    for k in range(5):
-##                        z = _help_mult(z, z, c)
-##                    if index:
-##                        z = _help_mult(z, table[index], c)
-##                    j -= 5
-##                i -= 1
+        else:
+            # Left-to-right 5-ary exponentiation (HAC Algorithm 14.82)
+            # This is only useful in the case where c != None.
+            # z still holds 1L
+            table = [z] * 32
+            table[0] = z
+            for i in range(1, 32):
+                table[i] = _help_mult(table[i-1], a, c)
+            i = b.numdigits()
+            # Note that here SHIFT is not a multiple of 5.  The difficulty
+            # is to extract 5 bits at a time from 'b', starting from the
+            # most significant digits, so that at the end of the algorithm
+            # it falls exactly to zero.
+            # m  = max number of bits = i * SHIFT
+            # m+ = m rounded up to the next multiple of 5
+            # j  = (m+) % SHIFT = (m+) - (i * SHIFT)
+            # (computed without doing "i * SHIFT", which might overflow)
+            j = i % 5
+            if j != 0:
+                j = 5 - j
+            if not we_are_translated():
+                assert j == (i*SHIFT+4)//5*5 - i*SHIFT
+            #
+            accum = r_uint(0)
+            while True:
+                j -= 5
+                if j >= 0:
+                    index = (accum >> j) & 0x1f
+                else:
+                    # 'accum' does not have enough digit.
+                    # must get the next digit from 'b' in order to complete
+                    i -= 1
+                    if i < 0:
+                        break    # done
+                    bi = b.udigit(i)
+                    index = ((accum << (-j)) | (bi >> (j+SHIFT))) & 0x1f
+                    accum = bi
+                    j += SHIFT
+                #
+                for k in range(5):
+                    z = _help_mult(z, z, c)
+                if index:
+                    z = _help_mult(z, table[index], c)
+            #
+            assert j == -5
 
         if negativeOutput and z.sign != 0:
             z = z.sub(c)
diff --git a/pypy/rlib/ropenssl.py b/pypy/rlib/ropenssl.py
--- a/pypy/rlib/ropenssl.py
+++ b/pypy/rlib/ropenssl.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 import sys, os
 
 link_files = []
+testonly_libraries = []
 if sys.platform == 'win32' and platform.name != 'mingw32':
     libraries = ['libeay32', 'ssleay32',
                  'user32', 'advapi32', 'gdi32', 'msvcrt', 'ws2_32']
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@
         # amount of troubles due to symbol versions
         # and 0.9.8/1.0.0
         link_files += ['/usr/lib/libssl.a', '/usr/lib/libcrypto.a']
+        testonly_libraries += ['ssl', 'crypto']
     else:
         libraries += ['ssl', 'crypto']
 
@@ -41,6 +43,7 @@
 eci = ExternalCompilationInfo(
     libraries = libraries,
     link_files = link_files,
+    testonly_libraries = testonly_libraries,
     includes = includes,
     export_symbols = [],
     post_include_bits = [
diff --git a/pypy/rlib/test/test_rbigint.py b/pypy/rlib/test/test_rbigint.py
--- a/pypy/rlib/test/test_rbigint.py
+++ b/pypy/rlib/test/test_rbigint.py
@@ -379,6 +379,18 @@
         for n, expected in [(37, 9), (1291, 931), (67889, 39464)]:
             v = two.pow(t, rbigint.fromint(n))
             assert v.toint() == expected
+        #
+        # more tests, comparing against CPython's answer
+        enabled = sample(range(5*32), 10)
+        for i in range(5*32):
+            t = t.mul(two)      # add one random bit
+            if random() >= 0.5:
+                t = t.add(rbigint.fromint(1))
+            if i not in enabled:
+                continue    # don't take forever
+            n = randint(1, sys.maxint)
+            v = two.pow(t, rbigint.fromint(n))
+            assert v.toint() == pow(2, t.tolong(), n)
 
     def test_pow_lln(self):
         x = 10L
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/ll2ctypes.py b/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/ll2ctypes.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/ll2ctypes.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/ll2ctypes.py
@@ -1072,7 +1072,7 @@
     try:
         eci = _eci_cache[old_eci]
     except KeyError:
-        eci = old_eci.compile_shared_lib()
+        eci = old_eci.compile_shared_lib(ignore_a_files=True)
         _eci_cache[old_eci] = eci
 
     libraries = eci.testonly_libraries + eci.libraries + eci.frameworks
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/module/ll_os.py b/pypy/rpython/module/ll_os.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/module/ll_os.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/module/ll_os.py
@@ -1168,8 +1168,11 @@
             DIRENTP = lltype.Ptr(DIRENT)
             os_opendir = self.llexternal('opendir', [rffi.CCHARP], DIRP,
                                          compilation_info=compilation_info)
+            # XXX macro=True is hack to make sure we get the correct kind of
+            # dirent struct (which depends on defines)
             os_readdir = self.llexternal('readdir', [DIRP], DIRENTP,
-                                         compilation_info=compilation_info)
+                                         compilation_info=compilation_info,
+                                         macro=True)
             os_closedir = self.llexternal('closedir', [DIRP], rffi.INT,
                                           compilation_info=compilation_info)
 
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/module/test/test_ll_os.py b/pypy/rpython/module/test/test_ll_os.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/module/test/test_ll_os.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/module/test/test_ll_os.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 import pypy
 from pypy.tool.udir import udir
 from pypy.translator.c.test.test_genc import compile
+from pypy.rpython.module import ll_os #has side effect of registering functions
 
 from pypy.rpython import extregistry
 import errno
diff --git a/pypy/tool/pytest/pypy_test_failure_demo.py b/pypy/tool/pytest/pypy_test_failure_demo.py
--- a/pypy/tool/pytest/pypy_test_failure_demo.py
+++ b/pypy/tool/pytest/pypy_test_failure_demo.py
@@ -8,6 +8,10 @@
 def test_interp_func(space): 
     assert space.is_true(space.w_None) 
 
+def test_interp_reinterpret(space):
+    a = 1
+    assert a == 2
+
 class TestInterpTest: 
     def test_interp_method(self): 
         assert self.space.is_true(self.space.w_False) 
diff --git a/pypy/translator/c/extfunc.py b/pypy/translator/c/extfunc.py
--- a/pypy/translator/c/extfunc.py
+++ b/pypy/translator/c/extfunc.py
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem.rstr import STR, mallocstr
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import rstr
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import rlist
-from pypy.rpython.module import ll_time, ll_os
 
 # table of functions hand-written in src/ll_*.h
 # Note about *.im_func: The annotator and the rtyper expect direct
diff --git a/pypy/translator/c/src/exception.h b/pypy/translator/c/src/exception.h
--- a/pypy/translator/c/src/exception.h
+++ b/pypy/translator/c/src/exception.h
@@ -43,6 +43,16 @@
           filename, lineno, functionname);
 }
 #endif
+#else   /* !DO_LOG_EXC: define the function anyway, so that we can shut
+           off the prints of a debug_exc by remaking only testing_1.o */
+void RPyDebugReturnShowException(const char *msg, const char *filename,
+                                 long lineno, const char *functionname);
+#ifndef PYPY_NOT_MAIN_FILE
+void RPyDebugReturnShowException(const char *msg, const char *filename,
+                                 long lineno, const char *functionname)
+{
+}
+#endif
 #endif  /* DO_LOG_EXC */
 
 /* Hint: functions and macros not defined here, like RPyRaiseException,
diff --git a/pypy/translator/tool/cbuild.py b/pypy/translator/tool/cbuild.py
--- a/pypy/translator/tool/cbuild.py
+++ b/pypy/translator/tool/cbuild.py
@@ -267,9 +267,12 @@
         d['separate_module_files'] = ()
         return files, ExternalCompilationInfo(**d)
 
-    def compile_shared_lib(self, outputfilename=None):
+    def compile_shared_lib(self, outputfilename=None, ignore_a_files=False):
         self = self.convert_sources_to_files()
-        if not self.separate_module_files:
+        if ignore_a_files:
+            if not [fn for fn in self.link_files if fn.endswith('.a')]:
+                ignore_a_files = False    # there are none
+        if not self.separate_module_files and not ignore_a_files:
             if sys.platform != 'win32':
                 return self
             if not self.export_symbols:
@@ -288,6 +291,13 @@
                 num += 1
             basepath.ensure(dir=1)
             outputfilename = str(pth.dirpath().join(pth.purebasename))
+
+        if ignore_a_files:
+            d = self._copy_attributes()
+            d['link_files'] = [fn for fn in d['link_files']
+                                  if not fn.endswith('.a')]
+            self = ExternalCompilationInfo(**d)
+
         lib = str(host.compile([], self, outputfilename=outputfilename,
                                standalone=False))
         d = self._copy_attributes()


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