[pypy-commit] pypy arm-backend-2: merge default

bivab noreply at buildbot.pypy.org
Fri Mar 23 16:47:05 CET 2012


Author: David Schneider <david.schneider at picle.org>
Branch: arm-backend-2
Changeset: r53944:7f1c4b6b1ad1
Date: 2012-03-23 16:46 +0100
http://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/changeset/7f1c4b6b1ad1/

Log:	merge default

diff --git a/lib-python/modified-2.7/site.py b/lib-python/modified-2.7/site.py
--- a/lib-python/modified-2.7/site.py
+++ b/lib-python/modified-2.7/site.py
@@ -550,9 +550,18 @@
                 "'import usercustomize' failed; use -v for traceback"
 
 
+def import_builtin_stuff():
+    """PyPy specific: pre-import a few built-in modules, because
+    some programs actually rely on them to be in sys.modules :-("""
+    import exceptions
+    if 'zipimport' in sys.builtin_module_names:
+        import zipimport
+
+
 def main():
     global ENABLE_USER_SITE
 
+    import_builtin_stuff()
     abs__file__()
     known_paths = removeduppaths()
     if (os.name == "posix" and sys.path and
diff --git a/lib_pypy/_locale.py b/lib_pypy/_locale.py
deleted file mode 100644
--- a/lib_pypy/_locale.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,337 +0,0 @@
-# ctypes implementation of _locale module by Victor Stinner, 2008-03-27
-
-# ------------------------------------------------------------
-#  Note that we also have our own interp-level implementation
-# ------------------------------------------------------------
-
-"""
-Support for POSIX locales.
-"""
-
-from ctypes import (Structure, POINTER, create_string_buffer,
-    c_ubyte, c_int, c_char_p, c_wchar_p, c_size_t)
-from ctypes_support import standard_c_lib as libc
-from ctypes_support import get_errno
-
-# load the platform-specific cache made by running locale.ctc.py
-from ctypes_config_cache._locale_cache import *
-
-try: from __pypy__ import builtinify
-except ImportError: builtinify = lambda f: f
-
-
-# Ubuntu Gusty i386 structure
-class lconv(Structure):
-    _fields_ = (
-        # Numeric (non-monetary) information.
-        ("decimal_point", c_char_p),    # Decimal point character.
-        ("thousands_sep", c_char_p),    # Thousands separator.
-
-        # Each element is the number of digits in each group;
-        # elements with higher indices are farther left.
-        # An element with value CHAR_MAX means that no further grouping is done.
-        # An element with value 0 means that the previous element is used
-        # for all groups farther left.  */
-        ("grouping", c_char_p),
-
-        # Monetary information.
-
-        # First three chars are a currency symbol from ISO 4217.
-        # Fourth char is the separator.  Fifth char is '\0'.
-        ("int_curr_symbol", c_char_p),
-        ("currency_symbol", c_char_p),   # Local currency symbol.
-        ("mon_decimal_point", c_char_p), # Decimal point character.
-        ("mon_thousands_sep", c_char_p), # Thousands separator.
-        ("mon_grouping", c_char_p),      # Like `grouping' element (above).
-        ("positive_sign", c_char_p),     # Sign for positive values.
-        ("negative_sign", c_char_p),     # Sign for negative values.
-        ("int_frac_digits", c_ubyte),    # Int'l fractional digits.
-        ("frac_digits", c_ubyte),        # Local fractional digits.
-        # 1 if currency_symbol precedes a positive value, 0 if succeeds.
-        ("p_cs_precedes", c_ubyte),
-        # 1 iff a space separates currency_symbol from a positive value.
-        ("p_sep_by_space", c_ubyte),
-        # 1 if currency_symbol precedes a negative value, 0 if succeeds.
-        ("n_cs_precedes", c_ubyte),
-        # 1 iff a space separates currency_symbol from a negative value.
-        ("n_sep_by_space", c_ubyte),
-
-        # Positive and negative sign positions:
-        # 0 Parentheses surround the quantity and currency_symbol.
-        # 1 The sign string precedes the quantity and currency_symbol.
-        # 2 The sign string follows the quantity and currency_symbol.
-        # 3 The sign string immediately precedes the currency_symbol.
-        # 4 The sign string immediately follows the currency_symbol.
-        ("p_sign_posn", c_ubyte),
-        ("n_sign_posn", c_ubyte),
-        # 1 if int_curr_symbol precedes a positive value, 0 if succeeds.
-        ("int_p_cs_precedes", c_ubyte),
-        # 1 iff a space separates int_curr_symbol from a positive value.
-        ("int_p_sep_by_space", c_ubyte),
-        # 1 if int_curr_symbol precedes a negative value, 0 if succeeds.
-        ("int_n_cs_precedes", c_ubyte),
-        # 1 iff a space separates int_curr_symbol from a negative value.
-        ("int_n_sep_by_space", c_ubyte),
-         # Positive and negative sign positions:
-         # 0 Parentheses surround the quantity and int_curr_symbol.
-         # 1 The sign string precedes the quantity and int_curr_symbol.
-         # 2 The sign string follows the quantity and int_curr_symbol.
-         # 3 The sign string immediately precedes the int_curr_symbol.
-         # 4 The sign string immediately follows the int_curr_symbol.
-        ("int_p_sign_posn", c_ubyte),
-        ("int_n_sign_posn", c_ubyte),
-    )
-
-_setlocale = libc.setlocale
-_setlocale.argtypes = (c_int, c_char_p)
-_setlocale.restype = c_char_p
-
-_localeconv = libc.localeconv
-_localeconv.argtypes = None
-_localeconv.restype = POINTER(lconv)
-
-_strcoll = libc.strcoll
-_strcoll.argtypes = (c_char_p, c_char_p)
-_strcoll.restype = c_int
-
-_wcscoll = libc.wcscoll
-_wcscoll.argtypes = (c_wchar_p, c_wchar_p)
-_wcscoll.restype = c_int
-
-_strxfrm = libc.strxfrm
-_strxfrm.argtypes = (c_char_p, c_char_p, c_size_t)
-_strxfrm.restype = c_size_t
-
-HAS_LIBINTL = hasattr(libc, 'gettext')
-if HAS_LIBINTL:
-    _gettext = libc.gettext
-    _gettext.argtypes = (c_char_p,)
-    _gettext.restype = c_char_p
-
-    _dgettext = libc.dgettext
-    _dgettext.argtypes = (c_char_p, c_char_p)
-    _dgettext.restype = c_char_p
-
-    _dcgettext = libc.dcgettext
-    _dcgettext.argtypes = (c_char_p, c_char_p, c_int)
-    _dcgettext.restype = c_char_p
-
-    _textdomain = libc.textdomain
-    _textdomain.argtypes = (c_char_p,)
-    _textdomain.restype = c_char_p
-
-    _bindtextdomain = libc.bindtextdomain
-    _bindtextdomain.argtypes = (c_char_p, c_char_p)
-    _bindtextdomain.restype = c_char_p
-
-    HAS_BIND_TEXTDOMAIN_CODESET = hasattr(libc, 'bindtextdomain_codeset')
-    if HAS_BIND_TEXTDOMAIN_CODESET:
-        _bind_textdomain_codeset = libc.bindtextdomain_codeset
-        _bind_textdomain_codeset.argtypes = (c_char_p, c_char_p)
-        _bind_textdomain_codeset.restype = c_char_p
-
-class Error(Exception):
-    pass
-
-def fixup_ulcase():
-    import string
-    #import strop
-
-    # create uppercase map string
-    ul = []
-    for c in xrange(256):
-        c = chr(c)
-        if c.isupper():
-            ul.append(c)
-    ul = ''.join(ul)
-    string.uppercase = ul
-    #strop.uppercase = ul
-
-    # create lowercase string
-    ul = []
-    for c in xrange(256):
-        c = chr(c)
-        if c.islower():
-            ul.append(c)
-    ul = ''.join(ul)
-    string.lowercase = ul
-    #strop.lowercase = ul
-
-    # create letters string
-    ul = []
-    for c in xrange(256):
-        c = chr(c)
-        if c.isalpha():
-            ul.append(c)
-    ul = ''.join(ul)
-    string.letters = ul
-
- at builtinify
-def setlocale(category, locale=None):
-    "(integer,string=None) -> string. Activates/queries locale processing."
-    if locale:
-        # set locale
-        result = _setlocale(category, locale)
-        if not result:
-            raise Error("unsupported locale setting")
-
-        # record changes to LC_CTYPE
-        if category in (LC_CTYPE, LC_ALL):
-            fixup_ulcase()
-    else:
-        # get locale
-        result = _setlocale(category, None)
-        if not result:
-            raise Error("locale query failed")
-    return result
-
-def _copy_grouping(text):
-    groups = [ ord(group) for group in text ]
-    if groups:
-        groups.append(0)
-    return groups
-
- at builtinify
-def localeconv():
-    "() -> dict. Returns numeric and monetary locale-specific parameters."
-
-    # if LC_NUMERIC is different in the C library, use saved value
-    lp = _localeconv()
-    l = lp.contents
-
-    # hopefully, the localeconv result survives the C library calls
-    # involved herein
-
-    # Numeric information
-    result = {
-        "decimal_point": l.decimal_point,
-        "thousands_sep": l.thousands_sep,
-        "grouping": _copy_grouping(l.grouping),
-        "int_curr_symbol": l.int_curr_symbol,
-        "currency_symbol": l.currency_symbol,
-        "mon_decimal_point": l.mon_decimal_point,
-        "mon_thousands_sep": l.mon_thousands_sep,
-        "mon_grouping": _copy_grouping(l.mon_grouping),
-        "positive_sign": l.positive_sign,
-        "negative_sign": l.negative_sign,
-        "int_frac_digits": l.int_frac_digits,
-        "frac_digits": l.frac_digits,
-        "p_cs_precedes": l.p_cs_precedes,
-        "p_sep_by_space": l.p_sep_by_space,
-        "n_cs_precedes": l.n_cs_precedes,
-        "n_sep_by_space": l.n_sep_by_space,
-        "p_sign_posn": l.p_sign_posn,
-        "n_sign_posn": l.n_sign_posn,
-    }
-    return result
-
- at builtinify
-def strcoll(s1, s2):
-    "string,string -> int. Compares two strings according to the locale."
-
-    # If both arguments are byte strings, use strcoll.
-    if isinstance(s1, str) and isinstance(s2, str):
-        return _strcoll(s1, s2)
-
-    # If neither argument is unicode, it's an error.
-    if not isinstance(s1, unicode) and not isinstance(s2, unicode):
-        raise ValueError("strcoll arguments must be strings")
-
-    # Convert the non-unicode argument to unicode.
-    s1 = unicode(s1)
-    s2 = unicode(s2)
-
-    # Collate the strings.
-    return _wcscoll(s1, s2)
-
- at builtinify
-def strxfrm(s):
-    "string -> string. Returns a string that behaves for cmp locale-aware."
-
-    # assume no change in size, first
-    n1 = len(s) + 1
-    buf = create_string_buffer(n1)
-    n2 = _strxfrm(buf, s, n1) + 1
-    if n2 > n1:
-        # more space needed
-        buf = create_string_buffer(n2)
-        _strxfrm(buf, s, n2)
-    return buf.value
-
- at builtinify
-def getdefaultlocale():
-    # TODO: Port code from CPython for Windows and Mac OS
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-if HAS_LANGINFO:
-    _nl_langinfo = libc.nl_langinfo
-    _nl_langinfo.argtypes = (nl_item,)
-    _nl_langinfo.restype = c_char_p
-
-    def nl_langinfo(key):
-        """nl_langinfo(key) -> string
-        Return the value for the locale information associated with key."""
-        # Check whether this is a supported constant. GNU libc sometimes
-        # returns numeric values in the char* return value, which would
-        # crash PyString_FromString.
-        result = _nl_langinfo(key)
-        if result is not None:
-            return result
-        raise ValueError("unsupported langinfo constant")
-
-if HAS_LIBINTL:
-    @builtinify
-    def gettext(msg):
-        """gettext(msg) -> string
-        Return translation of msg."""
-        return _gettext(msg)
-
-    @builtinify
-    def dgettext(domain, msg):
-        """dgettext(domain, msg) -> string
-        Return translation of msg in domain."""
-        return _dgettext(domain, msg)
-
-    @builtinify
-    def dcgettext(domain, msg, category):
-        """dcgettext(domain, msg, category) -> string
-        Return translation of msg in domain and category."""
-        return _dcgettext(domain, msg, category)
-
-    @builtinify
-    def textdomain(domain):
-        """textdomain(domain) -> string
-        Set the C library's textdomain to domain, returning the new domain."""
-        return _textdomain(domain)
-
-    @builtinify
-    def bindtextdomain(domain, dir):
-        """bindtextdomain(domain, dir) -> string
-        Bind the C library's domain to dir."""
-        dirname = _bindtextdomain(domain, dir)
-        if not dirname:
-            errno = get_errno()
-            raise OSError(errno)
-        return dirname
-
-    if HAS_BIND_TEXTDOMAIN_CODESET:
-        @builtinify
-        def bind_textdomain_codeset(domain, codeset):
-            """bind_textdomain_codeset(domain, codeset) -> string
-            Bind the C library's domain to codeset."""
-            codeset = _bind_textdomain_codeset(domain, codeset)
-            if codeset:
-                return codeset
-            return None
-
-__all__ = (
-    'Error',
-    'setlocale', 'localeconv', 'strxfrm', 'strcoll',
-) + ALL_CONSTANTS
-if HAS_LIBINTL:
-    __all__ += ('gettext', 'dgettext', 'dcgettext', 'textdomain',
-                'bindtextdomain')
-    if HAS_BIND_TEXTDOMAIN_CODESET:
-        __all__ += ('bind_textdomain_codeset',)
-if HAS_LANGINFO:
-    __all__ += ('nl_langinfo',)
diff --git a/lib_pypy/array.py b/lib_pypy/array.py
deleted file mode 100644
--- a/lib_pypy/array.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,531 +0,0 @@
-"""This module defines an object type which can efficiently represent
-an array of basic values: characters, integers, floating point
-numbers.  Arrays are sequence types and behave very much like lists,
-except that the type of objects stored in them is constrained.  The
-type is specified at object creation time by using a type code, which
-is a single character.  The following type codes are defined:
-
-    Type code   C Type             Minimum size in bytes 
-    'c'         character          1 
-    'b'         signed integer     1 
-    'B'         unsigned integer   1 
-    'u'         Unicode character  2 
-    'h'         signed integer     2 
-    'H'         unsigned integer   2 
-    'i'         signed integer     2 
-    'I'         unsigned integer   2 
-    'l'         signed integer     4 
-    'L'         unsigned integer   4 
-    'f'         floating point     4 
-    'd'         floating point     8 
-
-The constructor is:
-
-array(typecode [, initializer]) -- create a new array
-"""
-
-from struct import calcsize, pack, pack_into, unpack_from
-import operator
-
-# the buffer-like object to use internally: trying from
-# various places in order...
-try:
-    import _rawffi                    # a reasonable implementation based
-    _RAWARRAY = _rawffi.Array('c')    # on raw_malloc, and providing a
-    def bytebuffer(size):             # real address
-        return _RAWARRAY(size, autofree=True)
-    def getbufaddress(buf):
-        return buf.buffer
-except ImportError:
-    try:
-        from __pypy__ import bytebuffer     # a reasonable implementation
-        def getbufaddress(buf):             # compatible with oo backends,
-            return 0                        # but no address
-    except ImportError:
-        # not running on PyPy.  Fall back to ctypes...
-        import ctypes
-        bytebuffer = ctypes.create_string_buffer
-        def getbufaddress(buf):
-            voidp = ctypes.cast(ctypes.pointer(buf), ctypes.c_void_p)
-            return voidp.value
-
-# ____________________________________________________________
-
-TYPECODES = "cbBuhHiIlLfd"
-
-class array(object):
-    """array(typecode [, initializer]) -> array
-    
-    Return a new array whose items are restricted by typecode, and
-    initialized from the optional initializer value, which must be a list,
-    string. or iterable over elements of the appropriate type.
-    
-    Arrays represent basic values and behave very much like lists, except
-    the type of objects stored in them is constrained.
-    
-    Methods:
-    
-    append() -- append a new item to the end of the array
-    buffer_info() -- return information giving the current memory info
-    byteswap() -- byteswap all the items of the array
-    count() -- return number of occurences of an object
-    extend() -- extend array by appending multiple elements from an iterable
-    fromfile() -- read items from a file object
-    fromlist() -- append items from the list
-    fromstring() -- append items from the string
-    index() -- return index of first occurence of an object
-    insert() -- insert a new item into the array at a provided position
-    pop() -- remove and return item (default last)
-    read() -- DEPRECATED, use fromfile()
-    remove() -- remove first occurence of an object
-    reverse() -- reverse the order of the items in the array
-    tofile() -- write all items to a file object
-    tolist() -- return the array converted to an ordinary list
-    tostring() -- return the array converted to a string
-    write() -- DEPRECATED, use tofile()
-    
-    Attributes:
-    
-    typecode -- the typecode character used to create the array
-    itemsize -- the length in bytes of one array item
-    """
-    __slots__ = ["typecode", "itemsize", "_data", "_descriptor", "__weakref__"]
-
-    def __new__(cls, typecode, initializer=[], **extrakwds):
-        self = object.__new__(cls)
-        if cls is array and extrakwds:
-            raise TypeError("array() does not take keyword arguments")
-        if not isinstance(typecode, str) or len(typecode) != 1:
-            raise TypeError(
-                     "array() argument 1 must be char, not %s" % type(typecode))
-        if typecode not in TYPECODES:
-            raise ValueError(
-                  "bad typecode (must be one of %s)" % ', '.join(TYPECODES))
-        self._data = bytebuffer(0)
-        self.typecode = typecode
-        self.itemsize = calcsize(typecode)
-        if isinstance(initializer, list):
-            self.fromlist(initializer)
-        elif isinstance(initializer, str):
-            self.fromstring(initializer)
-        elif isinstance(initializer, unicode) and self.typecode == "u":
-            self.fromunicode(initializer)
-        else:
-            self.extend(initializer)
-        return self
-
-    def _clear(self):
-        self._data = bytebuffer(0)
-
-    ##### array-specific operations
-
-    def fromfile(self, f, n):
-        """Read n objects from the file object f and append them to the end of
-        the array. Also called as read."""
-        if not isinstance(f, file):
-            raise TypeError("arg1 must be open file")
-        size = self.itemsize * n
-        item = f.read(size)
-        if len(item) < size:
-            raise EOFError("not enough items in file")
-        self.fromstring(item)
-
-    def fromlist(self, l):
-        """Append items to array from list."""
-        if not isinstance(l, list):
-            raise TypeError("arg must be list")
-        self._fromiterable(l)
-        
-    def fromstring(self, s):
-        """Appends items from the string, interpreting it as an array of machine
-        values, as if it had been read from a file using the fromfile()
-        method."""
-        if isinstance(s, unicode):
-            s = str(s)
-        self._frombuffer(s)
-
-    def _frombuffer(self, s):
-        length = len(s)
-        if length % self.itemsize != 0:
-            raise ValueError("string length not a multiple of item size")
-        boundary = len(self._data)
-        newdata = bytebuffer(boundary + length)
-        newdata[:boundary] = self._data
-        newdata[boundary:] = s
-        self._data = newdata
-
-    def fromunicode(self, ustr):
-        """Extends this array with data from the unicode string ustr. The array
-        must be a type 'u' array; otherwise a ValueError is raised. Use
-        array.fromstring(ustr.encode(...)) to append Unicode data to an array of
-        some other type."""
-        if not self.typecode == "u":
-            raise ValueError(
-                          "fromunicode() may only be called on type 'u' arrays")
-        # XXX the following probable bug is not emulated:
-        # CPython accepts a non-unicode string or a buffer, and then
-        # behaves just like fromstring(), except that it strangely truncates
-        # string arguments at multiples of the unicode byte size.
-        # Let's only accept unicode arguments for now.
-        if not isinstance(ustr, unicode):
-            raise TypeError("fromunicode() argument should probably be "
-                            "a unicode string")
-        # _frombuffer() does the currect thing using
-        # the buffer behavior of unicode objects
-        self._frombuffer(buffer(ustr))
-
-    def tofile(self, f):
-        """Write all items (as machine values) to the file object f.  Also
-        called as write."""
-        if not isinstance(f, file):
-            raise TypeError("arg must be open file")
-        f.write(self.tostring())
-        
-    def tolist(self):
-        """Convert array to an ordinary list with the same items."""
-        count = len(self._data) // self.itemsize
-        return list(unpack_from('%d%s' % (count, self.typecode), self._data))
-
-    def tostring(self):
-        return self._data[:]
-
-    def __buffer__(self):
-        return buffer(self._data)
-
-    def tounicode(self):
-        """Convert the array to a unicode string. The array must be a type 'u'
-        array; otherwise a ValueError is raised. Use array.tostring().decode()
-        to obtain a unicode string from an array of some other type."""
-        if self.typecode != "u":
-            raise ValueError("tounicode() may only be called on type 'u' arrays")
-        # XXX performance is not too good
-        return u"".join(self.tolist())
-
-    def byteswap(self):
-        """Byteswap all items of the array.  If the items in the array are not
-        1, 2, 4, or 8 bytes in size, RuntimeError is raised."""
-        if self.itemsize not in [1, 2, 4, 8]:
-            raise RuntimeError("byteswap not supported for this array")
-        # XXX slowish
-        itemsize = self.itemsize
-        bytes = self._data
-        for start in range(0, len(bytes), itemsize):
-            stop = start + itemsize
-            bytes[start:stop] = bytes[start:stop][::-1]
-
-    def buffer_info(self):
-        """Return a tuple (address, length) giving the current memory address
-        and the length in items of the buffer used to hold array's contents. The
-        length should be multiplied by the itemsize attribute to calculate the
-        buffer length in bytes. On PyPy the address might be meaningless
-        (returned as 0), depending on the available modules."""
-        return (getbufaddress(self._data), len(self))
-    
-    read = fromfile
-
-    write = tofile
-
-    ##### general object protocol
-    
-    def __repr__(self):
-        if len(self._data) == 0:
-            return "array('%s')" % self.typecode
-        elif self.typecode == "c":
-            return "array('%s', %s)" % (self.typecode, repr(self.tostring()))
-        elif self.typecode == "u":
-            return "array('%s', %s)" % (self.typecode, repr(self.tounicode()))
-        else:
-            return "array('%s', %s)" % (self.typecode, repr(self.tolist()))
-
-    def __copy__(self):
-        a = array(self.typecode)
-        a._data = bytebuffer(len(self._data))
-        a._data[:] = self._data
-        return a
-
-    def __eq__(self, other):
-        if not isinstance(other, array):
-            return NotImplemented
-        if self.typecode == 'c':
-            return buffer(self._data) == buffer(other._data)
-        else:
-            return self.tolist() == other.tolist()
-
-    def __ne__(self, other):
-        if not isinstance(other, array):
-            return NotImplemented
-        if self.typecode == 'c':
-            return buffer(self._data) != buffer(other._data)
-        else:
-            return self.tolist() != other.tolist()
-
-    def __lt__(self, other):
-        if not isinstance(other, array):
-            return NotImplemented
-        if self.typecode == 'c':
-            return buffer(self._data) < buffer(other._data)
-        else:
-            return self.tolist() < other.tolist()
-
-    def __gt__(self, other):
-        if not isinstance(other, array):
-            return NotImplemented
-        if self.typecode == 'c':
-            return buffer(self._data) > buffer(other._data)
-        else:
-            return self.tolist() > other.tolist()
-
-    def __le__(self, other):
-        if not isinstance(other, array):
-            return NotImplemented
-        if self.typecode == 'c':
-            return buffer(self._data) <= buffer(other._data)
-        else:
-            return self.tolist() <= other.tolist()
-
-    def __ge__(self, other):
-        if not isinstance(other, array):
-            return NotImplemented
-        if self.typecode == 'c':
-            return buffer(self._data) >= buffer(other._data)
-        else:
-            return self.tolist() >= other.tolist()
-
-    def __reduce__(self):
-        dict = getattr(self, '__dict__', None)
-        data = self.tostring()
-        if data:
-            initargs = (self.typecode, data)
-        else:
-            initargs = (self.typecode,)
-        return (type(self), initargs, dict)
-
-    ##### list methods
-    
-    def append(self, x):
-        """Append new value x to the end of the array."""
-        self._frombuffer(pack(self.typecode, x))
-
-    def count(self, x):
-        """Return number of occurences of x in the array."""
-        return operator.countOf(self, x)
-
-    def extend(self, iterable):
-        """Append items to the end of the array."""
-        if isinstance(iterable, array) \
-                                    and not self.typecode == iterable.typecode:
-            raise TypeError("can only extend with array of same kind")
-        self._fromiterable(iterable)
-
-    def index(self, x):
-        """Return index of first occurence of x in the array."""
-        return operator.indexOf(self, x)
-    
-    def insert(self, i, x):
-        """Insert a new item x into the array before position i."""
-        seqlength = len(self)
-        if i < 0:
-            i += seqlength
-            if i < 0:
-                i = 0
-        elif i > seqlength:
-            i = seqlength
-        boundary = i * self.itemsize
-        data = pack(self.typecode, x)
-        newdata = bytebuffer(len(self._data) + len(data))
-        newdata[:boundary] = self._data[:boundary]
-        newdata[boundary:boundary+self.itemsize] = data
-        newdata[boundary+self.itemsize:] = self._data[boundary:]
-        self._data = newdata
-        
-    def pop(self, i=-1):
-        """Return the i-th element and delete it from the array. i defaults to
-        -1."""
-        seqlength = len(self)
-        if i < 0:
-            i += seqlength
-        if not (0 <= i < seqlength):
-            raise IndexError(i)
-        boundary = i * self.itemsize
-        result = unpack_from(self.typecode, self._data, boundary)[0]
-        newdata = bytebuffer(len(self._data) - self.itemsize)
-        newdata[:boundary] = self._data[:boundary]
-        newdata[boundary:] = self._data[boundary+self.itemsize:]
-        self._data = newdata
-        return result
-        
-    def remove(self, x):
-        """Remove the first occurence of x in the array."""
-        self.pop(self.index(x))
-        
-    def reverse(self):
-        """Reverse the order of the items in the array."""
-        lst = self.tolist()
-        lst.reverse()
-        self._clear()
-        self.fromlist(lst)
-
-    ##### list protocol
-    
-    def __len__(self):
-        return len(self._data) // self.itemsize
-    
-    def __add__(self, other):
-        if not isinstance(other, array):
-            raise TypeError("can only append array to array")
-        if self.typecode != other.typecode:
-            raise TypeError("bad argument type for built-in operation")
-        return array(self.typecode, buffer(self._data) + buffer(other._data))
-
-    def __mul__(self, repeat):
-        return array(self.typecode, buffer(self._data) * repeat)
-
-    __rmul__ = __mul__
-
-    def __getitem__(self, i):
-        seqlength = len(self)
-        if isinstance(i, slice):
-            start, stop, step = i.indices(seqlength)
-            if step != 1:
-                sublist = self.tolist()[i]    # fall-back
-                return array(self.typecode, sublist)
-            if start < 0:
-                start = 0
-            if stop < start:
-                stop = start
-            assert stop <= seqlength
-            return array(self.typecode, self._data[start * self.itemsize :
-                                                   stop * self.itemsize])
-        else:
-            if i < 0:
-                i += seqlength
-            if self.typecode == 'c':  # speed trick
-                return self._data[i]
-            if not (0 <= i < seqlength):
-                raise IndexError(i)
-            boundary = i * self.itemsize
-            return unpack_from(self.typecode, self._data, boundary)[0]
-
-    def __getslice__(self, i, j):
-        return self.__getitem__(slice(i, j))
-
-    def __setitem__(self, i, x):
-        if isinstance(i, slice):
-            if (not isinstance(x, array)
-                or self.typecode != x.typecode):
-                raise TypeError("can only assign array of same kind"
-                                " to array slice")
-            seqlength = len(self)
-            start, stop, step = i.indices(seqlength)
-            if step != 1:
-                sublist = self.tolist()    # fall-back
-                sublist[i] = x.tolist()
-                self._clear()
-                self.fromlist(sublist)
-                return
-            if start < 0:
-                start = 0
-            if stop < start:
-                stop = start
-            assert stop <= seqlength
-            boundary1 = start * self.itemsize
-            boundary2 = stop * self.itemsize
-            boundary2new = boundary1 + len(x._data)
-            if boundary2 == boundary2new:
-                self._data[boundary1:boundary2] = x._data
-            else:
-                newdata = bytebuffer(len(self._data) + boundary2new-boundary2)
-                newdata[:boundary1] = self._data[:boundary1]
-                newdata[boundary1:boundary2new] = x._data
-                newdata[boundary2new:] = self._data[boundary2:]
-                self._data = newdata
-        else:
-            seqlength = len(self)
-            if i < 0:
-                i += seqlength
-            if self.typecode == 'c':  # speed trick
-                self._data[i] = x
-                return
-            if not (0 <= i < seqlength):
-                raise IndexError(i)
-            boundary = i * self.itemsize
-            pack_into(self.typecode, self._data, boundary, x)
-
-    def __setslice__(self, i, j, x):
-        self.__setitem__(slice(i, j), x)
-
-    def __delitem__(self, i):
-        if isinstance(i, slice):
-            seqlength = len(self)
-            start, stop, step = i.indices(seqlength)
-            if start < 0:
-                start = 0
-            if stop < start:
-                stop = start
-            assert stop <= seqlength
-            if step != 1:
-                sublist = self.tolist()    # fall-back
-                del sublist[i]
-                self._clear()
-                self.fromlist(sublist)
-                return
-            dellength = stop - start
-            boundary1 = start * self.itemsize
-            boundary2 = stop * self.itemsize
-            newdata = bytebuffer(len(self._data) - (boundary2-boundary1))
-            newdata[:boundary1] = self._data[:boundary1]
-            newdata[boundary1:] = self._data[boundary2:]
-            self._data = newdata
-        else:            
-            seqlength = len(self)
-            if i < 0:
-                i += seqlength
-            if not (0 <= i < seqlength):
-                raise IndexError(i)
-            boundary = i * self.itemsize
-            newdata = bytebuffer(len(self._data) - self.itemsize)
-            newdata[:boundary] = self._data[:boundary]
-            newdata[boundary:] = self._data[boundary+self.itemsize:]
-            self._data = newdata
-
-    def __delslice__(self, i, j):
-        self.__delitem__(slice(i, j))
-
-    def __contains__(self, item):
-        for x in self:
-            if x == item:
-                return True
-        return False
-
-    def __iadd__(self, other):
-        if not isinstance(other, array):
-            raise TypeError("can only extend array with array")
-        self.extend(other)
-        return self
-
-    def __imul__(self, repeat):
-        newdata = buffer(self._data) * repeat
-        self._data = bytebuffer(len(newdata))
-        self._data[:] = newdata
-        return self
-
-    def __iter__(self):
-        p = 0
-        typecode = self.typecode
-        itemsize = self.itemsize
-        while p < len(self._data):
-            yield unpack_from(typecode, self._data, p)[0]
-            p += itemsize
-
-    ##### internal methods
-
-    def _fromiterable(self, iterable):
-        iterable = tuple(iterable)
-        n = len(iterable)
-        boundary = len(self._data)
-        newdata = bytebuffer(boundary + n * self.itemsize)
-        newdata[:boundary] = self._data
-        pack_into('%d%s' % (n, self.typecode), newdata, boundary, *iterable)
-        self._data = newdata
-
-ArrayType = array
diff --git a/lib_pypy/binascii.py b/lib_pypy/binascii.py
deleted file mode 100644
--- a/lib_pypy/binascii.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,720 +0,0 @@
-"""A pure Python implementation of binascii.
-
-Rather slow and buggy in corner cases.
-PyPy provides an RPython version too.
-"""
-
-class Error(Exception):
-    pass
-
-class Done(Exception):
-    pass
-
-class Incomplete(Exception):
-    pass
-
-def a2b_uu(s):
-    if not s:
-        return ''
-    
-    length = (ord(s[0]) - 0x20) % 64
-
-    def quadruplets_gen(s):
-        while s:
-            try:
-                yield ord(s[0]), ord(s[1]), ord(s[2]), ord(s[3])
-            except IndexError:
-                s += '   '
-                yield ord(s[0]), ord(s[1]), ord(s[2]), ord(s[3])
-                return
-            s = s[4:]
-
-    try:
-        result = [''.join(
-            [chr((A - 0x20) << 2 | (((B - 0x20) >> 4) & 0x3)),
-            chr(((B - 0x20) & 0xf) << 4 | (((C - 0x20) >> 2) & 0xf)),
-            chr(((C - 0x20) & 0x3) << 6 | ((D - 0x20) & 0x3f))
-            ]) for A, B, C, D in quadruplets_gen(s[1:].rstrip())]
-    except ValueError:
-        raise Error('Illegal char')
-    result = ''.join(result)
-    trailingdata = result[length:]
-    if trailingdata.strip('\x00'):
-        raise Error('Trailing garbage')
-    result = result[:length]
-    if len(result) < length:
-        result += ((length - len(result)) * '\x00')
-    return result
-
-                               
-def b2a_uu(s):
-    length = len(s)
-    if length > 45:
-        raise Error('At most 45 bytes at once')
-
-    def triples_gen(s):
-        while s:
-            try:
-                yield ord(s[0]), ord(s[1]), ord(s[2])
-            except IndexError:
-                s += '\0\0'
-                yield ord(s[0]), ord(s[1]), ord(s[2])
-                return
-            s = s[3:]
-
-    result = [''.join(
-        [chr(0x20 + (( A >> 2                    ) & 0x3F)),
-         chr(0x20 + (((A << 4) | ((B >> 4) & 0xF)) & 0x3F)),
-         chr(0x20 + (((B << 2) | ((C >> 6) & 0x3)) & 0x3F)),
-         chr(0x20 + (( C                         ) & 0x3F))])
-              for A, B, C in triples_gen(s)]
-    return chr(ord(' ') + (length & 077)) + ''.join(result) + '\n'
-
-
-table_a2b_base64 = {
-    'A': 0,
-    'B': 1,
-    'C': 2,
-    'D': 3,
-    'E': 4,
-    'F': 5,
-    'G': 6,
-    'H': 7,
-    'I': 8,
-    'J': 9,
-    'K': 10,
-    'L': 11,
-    'M': 12,
-    'N': 13,
-    'O': 14,
-    'P': 15,
-    'Q': 16,
-    'R': 17,
-    'S': 18,
-    'T': 19,
-    'U': 20,
-    'V': 21,
-    'W': 22,
-    'X': 23,
-    'Y': 24,
-    'Z': 25,
-    'a': 26,
-    'b': 27,
-    'c': 28,
-    'd': 29,
-    'e': 30,
-    'f': 31,
-    'g': 32,
-    'h': 33,
-    'i': 34,
-    'j': 35,
-    'k': 36,
-    'l': 37,
-    'm': 38,
-    'n': 39,
-    'o': 40,
-    'p': 41,
-    'q': 42,
-    'r': 43,
-    's': 44,
-    't': 45,
-    'u': 46,
-    'v': 47,
-    'w': 48,
-    'x': 49,
-    'y': 50,
-    'z': 51,
-    '0': 52,
-    '1': 53,
-    '2': 54,
-    '3': 55,
-    '4': 56,
-    '5': 57,
-    '6': 58,
-    '7': 59,
-    '8': 60,
-    '9': 61,
-    '+': 62,
-    '/': 63,
-    '=': 0,
-}
-
-
-def a2b_base64(s):
-    if not isinstance(s, (str, unicode)):
-        raise TypeError("expected string or unicode, got %r" % (s,))
-    s = s.rstrip()
-    # clean out all invalid characters, this also strips the final '=' padding
-    # check for correct padding
-
-    def next_valid_char(s, pos):
-        for i in range(pos + 1, len(s)):
-            c = s[i]
-            if c < '\x7f':
-                try:
-                    table_a2b_base64[c]
-                    return c
-                except KeyError:
-                    pass
-        return None
-    
-    quad_pos = 0
-    leftbits = 0
-    leftchar = 0
-    res = []
-    for i, c in enumerate(s):
-        if c > '\x7f' or c == '\n' or c == '\r' or c == ' ':
-            continue
-        if c == '=':
-            if quad_pos < 2 or (quad_pos == 2 and next_valid_char(s, i) != '='):
-                continue
-            else:
-                leftbits = 0
-                break
-        try:
-            next_c = table_a2b_base64[c]
-        except KeyError:
-            continue
-        quad_pos = (quad_pos + 1) & 0x03
-        leftchar = (leftchar << 6) | next_c
-        leftbits += 6
-        if leftbits >= 8:
-            leftbits -= 8
-            res.append((leftchar >> leftbits & 0xff))
-            leftchar &= ((1 << leftbits) - 1)
-    if leftbits != 0:
-        raise Error('Incorrect padding')
-    
-    return ''.join([chr(i) for i in res])
-    
-table_b2a_base64 = \
-"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"
-
-def b2a_base64(s):
-    length = len(s)
-    final_length = length % 3
-
-    def triples_gen(s):
-        while s:
-            try:
-                yield ord(s[0]), ord(s[1]), ord(s[2])
-            except IndexError:
-                s += '\0\0'
-                yield ord(s[0]), ord(s[1]), ord(s[2])
-                return
-            s = s[3:]
-
-    
-    a = triples_gen(s[ :length - final_length])
-
-    result = [''.join(
-        [table_b2a_base64[( A >> 2                    ) & 0x3F],
-         table_b2a_base64[((A << 4) | ((B >> 4) & 0xF)) & 0x3F],
-         table_b2a_base64[((B << 2) | ((C >> 6) & 0x3)) & 0x3F],
-         table_b2a_base64[( C                         ) & 0x3F]])
-              for A, B, C in a]
-
-    final = s[length - final_length:]
-    if final_length == 0:
-        snippet = ''
-    elif final_length == 1:
-        a = ord(final[0])
-        snippet = table_b2a_base64[(a >> 2 ) & 0x3F] + \
-                  table_b2a_base64[(a << 4 ) & 0x3F] + '=='
-    else:
-        a = ord(final[0])
-        b = ord(final[1])
-        snippet = table_b2a_base64[(a >> 2) & 0x3F] + \
-                  table_b2a_base64[((a << 4) | (b >> 4) & 0xF) & 0x3F] + \
-                  table_b2a_base64[(b << 2) & 0x3F] + '='
-    return ''.join(result) + snippet + '\n'
-
-def a2b_qp(s, header=False):
-    inp = 0
-    odata = []
-    while inp < len(s):
-        if s[inp] == '=':
-            inp += 1
-            if inp >= len(s):
-                break
-            # Soft line breaks
-            if (s[inp] == '\n') or (s[inp] == '\r'):
-                if s[inp] != '\n':
-                    while inp < len(s) and s[inp] != '\n':
-                        inp += 1
-                if inp < len(s):
-                    inp += 1
-            elif s[inp] == '=':
-                # broken case from broken python qp
-                odata.append('=')
-                inp += 1
-            elif s[inp] in hex_numbers and s[inp + 1] in hex_numbers:
-                ch = chr(int(s[inp:inp+2], 16))
-                inp += 2
-                odata.append(ch)
-            else:
-                odata.append('=')
-        elif header and s[inp] == '_':
-            odata.append(' ')
-            inp += 1
-        else:
-            odata.append(s[inp])
-            inp += 1
-    return ''.join(odata)
-
-def b2a_qp(data, quotetabs=False, istext=True, header=False):
-    """quotetabs=True means that tab and space characters are always
-       quoted.
-       istext=False means that \r and \n are treated as regular characters
-       header=True encodes space characters with '_' and requires
-       real '_' characters to be quoted.
-    """
-    MAXLINESIZE = 76
-
-    # See if this string is using CRLF line ends
-    lf = data.find('\n')
-    crlf = lf > 0 and data[lf-1] == '\r'
-
-    inp = 0
-    linelen = 0
-    odata = []
-    while inp < len(data):
-        c = data[inp]
-        if (c > '~' or
-            c == '=' or
-            (header and c == '_') or
-            (c == '.' and linelen == 0 and (inp+1 == len(data) or
-                                            data[inp+1] == '\n' or
-                                            data[inp+1] == '\r')) or
-            (not istext and (c == '\r' or c == '\n')) or
-            ((c == '\t' or c == ' ') and (inp + 1 == len(data))) or
-            (c <= ' ' and c != '\r' and c != '\n' and
-             (quotetabs or (not quotetabs and (c != '\t' and c != ' '))))):
-            linelen += 3
-            if linelen >= MAXLINESIZE:
-                odata.append('=')
-                if crlf: odata.append('\r')
-                odata.append('\n')
-                linelen = 3
-            odata.append('=' + two_hex_digits(ord(c)))
-            inp += 1
-        else:
-            if (istext and
-                (c == '\n' or (inp+1 < len(data) and c == '\r' and
-                               data[inp+1] == '\n'))):
-                linelen = 0
-                # Protect against whitespace on end of line
-                if (len(odata) > 0 and
-                    (odata[-1] == ' ' or odata[-1] == '\t')):
-                    ch = ord(odata[-1])
-                    odata[-1] = '='
-                    odata.append(two_hex_digits(ch))
-
-                if crlf: odata.append('\r')
-                odata.append('\n')
-                if c == '\r':
-                    inp += 2
-                else:
-                    inp += 1
-            else:
-                if (inp + 1 < len(data) and
-                    data[inp+1] != '\n' and
-                    (linelen + 1) >= MAXLINESIZE):
-                    odata.append('=')
-                    if crlf: odata.append('\r')
-                    odata.append('\n')
-                    linelen = 0
-
-                linelen += 1
-                if header and c == ' ':
-                    c = '_'
-                odata.append(c)
-                inp += 1
-    return ''.join(odata)
-
-hex_numbers = '0123456789ABCDEF'
-def hex(n):
-    if n == 0:
-        return '0'
-    
-    if n < 0:
-        n = -n
-        sign = '-'
-    else:
-        sign = ''
-    arr = []
-
-    def hex_gen(n):
-        """ Yield a nibble at a time. """
-        while n:
-            yield n % 0x10
-            n = n / 0x10
-
-    for nibble in hex_gen(n):
-        arr = [hex_numbers[nibble]] + arr
-    return sign + ''.join(arr)
-
-def two_hex_digits(n):
-    return hex_numbers[n / 0x10] + hex_numbers[n % 0x10]
-    
-
-def strhex_to_int(s):
-    i = 0
-    for c in s:
-        i = i * 0x10 + hex_numbers.index(c)
-    return i
-
-hqx_encoding = '!"#$%&\'()*+,-012345689 at ABCDEFGHIJKLMNPQRSTUVXYZ[`abcdefhijklmpqr'
-
-DONE = 0x7f
-SKIP = 0x7e
-FAIL = 0x7d
-    
-table_a2b_hqx = [
-    #^@    ^A    ^B    ^C    ^D    ^E    ^F    ^G   
-    FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
-    #\b    \t    \n    ^K    ^L    \r    ^N    ^O   
-    FAIL, FAIL, SKIP, FAIL, FAIL, SKIP, FAIL, FAIL,
-    #^P    ^Q    ^R    ^S    ^T    ^U    ^V    ^W   
-    FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
-    #^X    ^Y    ^Z    ^[    ^\    ^]    ^^    ^_   
-    FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
-    #      !     "     #     $     %     &     '   
-    FAIL, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06,
-    #(     )     *     +     ,     -     .     /   
-    0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0A, 0x0B, 0x0C, FAIL, FAIL,
-    #0     1     2     3     4     5     6     7   
-    0x0D, 0x0E, 0x0F, 0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, FAIL,
-    #8     9     :     ;     <     =     >     ?   
-    0x14, 0x15, DONE, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
-    #@     A     B     C     D     E     F     G   
-    0x16, 0x17, 0x18, 0x19, 0x1A, 0x1B, 0x1C, 0x1D,
-    #H     I     J     K     L     M     N     O   
-    0x1E, 0x1F, 0x20, 0x21, 0x22, 0x23, 0x24, FAIL,
-    #P     Q     R     S     T     U     V     W   
-    0x25, 0x26, 0x27, 0x28, 0x29, 0x2A, 0x2B, FAIL,
-    #X     Y     Z     [     \     ]     ^     _   
-    0x2C, 0x2D, 0x2E, 0x2F, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
-    #`     a     b     c     d     e     f     g   
-    0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, FAIL,
-    #h     i     j     k     l     m     n     o   
-    0x37, 0x38, 0x39, 0x3A, 0x3B, 0x3C, FAIL, FAIL,
-    #p     q     r     s     t     u     v     w   
-    0x3D, 0x3E, 0x3F, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
-    #x     y     z     {     |     }     ~    ^?   
-    FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
-    FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
-    FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
-    FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
-    FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
-    FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
-    FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
-    FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
-    FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
-    FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
-    FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
-    FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
-    FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
-    FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
-    FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
-    FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
-    FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
-]
-
-def a2b_hqx(s):
-    result = []
-
-    def quadruples_gen(s):
-        t = []
-        for c in s:
-            res = table_a2b_hqx[ord(c)]
-            if res == SKIP:
-                continue
-            elif res == FAIL:
-                raise Error('Illegal character')
-            elif res == DONE:
-                yield t
-                raise Done
-            else:
-                t.append(res)
-            if len(t) == 4:
-                yield t
-                t = []
-        yield t
-        
-    done = 0
-    try:
-        for snippet in quadruples_gen(s):
-            length = len(snippet)
-            if length == 4:
-                result.append(chr(((snippet[0] & 0x3f) << 2) | (snippet[1] >> 4))) 
-                result.append(chr(((snippet[1] & 0x0f) << 4) | (snippet[2] >> 2))) 
-                result.append(chr(((snippet[2] & 0x03) << 6) | (snippet[3]))) 
-            elif length == 3:
-                result.append(chr(((snippet[0] & 0x3f) << 2) | (snippet[1] >> 4))) 
-                result.append(chr(((snippet[1] & 0x0f) << 4) | (snippet[2] >> 2))) 
-            elif length == 2:
-                result.append(chr(((snippet[0] & 0x3f) << 2) | (snippet[1] >> 4))) 
-    except Done:
-        done = 1
-    except Error:
-        raise
-    return (''.join(result), done)
-
-def b2a_hqx(s):
-    result =[]
-
-    def triples_gen(s):
-        while s:
-            try:
-                yield ord(s[0]), ord(s[1]), ord(s[2])
-            except IndexError:
-                yield tuple([ord(c) for c in s])
-            s = s[3:]
-
-    for snippet in triples_gen(s):
-        length = len(snippet)
-        if length == 3:
-            result.append(
-                hqx_encoding[(snippet[0] & 0xfc) >> 2])
-            result.append(hqx_encoding[
-                ((snippet[0] & 0x03) << 4) | ((snippet[1] & 0xf0) >> 4)])
-            result.append(hqx_encoding[
-                (snippet[1] & 0x0f) << 2 | ((snippet[2] & 0xc0) >> 6)])
-            result.append(hqx_encoding[snippet[2] & 0x3f])
-        elif length == 2:
-            result.append(
-                hqx_encoding[(snippet[0] & 0xfc) >> 2])
-            result.append(hqx_encoding[
-                ((snippet[0] & 0x03) << 4) | ((snippet[1] & 0xf0) >> 4)])
-            result.append(hqx_encoding[
-                (snippet[1] & 0x0f) << 2])
-        elif length == 1:
-            result.append(
-                hqx_encoding[(snippet[0] & 0xfc) >> 2])
-            result.append(hqx_encoding[
-                ((snippet[0] & 0x03) << 4)])
-    return ''.join(result)
-
-crctab_hqx = [
-        0x0000, 0x1021, 0x2042, 0x3063, 0x4084, 0x50a5, 0x60c6, 0x70e7,
-        0x8108, 0x9129, 0xa14a, 0xb16b, 0xc18c, 0xd1ad, 0xe1ce, 0xf1ef,
-        0x1231, 0x0210, 0x3273, 0x2252, 0x52b5, 0x4294, 0x72f7, 0x62d6,
-        0x9339, 0x8318, 0xb37b, 0xa35a, 0xd3bd, 0xc39c, 0xf3ff, 0xe3de,
-        0x2462, 0x3443, 0x0420, 0x1401, 0x64e6, 0x74c7, 0x44a4, 0x5485,
-        0xa56a, 0xb54b, 0x8528, 0x9509, 0xe5ee, 0xf5cf, 0xc5ac, 0xd58d,
-        0x3653, 0x2672, 0x1611, 0x0630, 0x76d7, 0x66f6, 0x5695, 0x46b4,
-        0xb75b, 0xa77a, 0x9719, 0x8738, 0xf7df, 0xe7fe, 0xd79d, 0xc7bc,
-        0x48c4, 0x58e5, 0x6886, 0x78a7, 0x0840, 0x1861, 0x2802, 0x3823,
-        0xc9cc, 0xd9ed, 0xe98e, 0xf9af, 0x8948, 0x9969, 0xa90a, 0xb92b,
-        0x5af5, 0x4ad4, 0x7ab7, 0x6a96, 0x1a71, 0x0a50, 0x3a33, 0x2a12,
-        0xdbfd, 0xcbdc, 0xfbbf, 0xeb9e, 0x9b79, 0x8b58, 0xbb3b, 0xab1a,
-        0x6ca6, 0x7c87, 0x4ce4, 0x5cc5, 0x2c22, 0x3c03, 0x0c60, 0x1c41,
-        0xedae, 0xfd8f, 0xcdec, 0xddcd, 0xad2a, 0xbd0b, 0x8d68, 0x9d49,
-        0x7e97, 0x6eb6, 0x5ed5, 0x4ef4, 0x3e13, 0x2e32, 0x1e51, 0x0e70,
-        0xff9f, 0xefbe, 0xdfdd, 0xcffc, 0xbf1b, 0xaf3a, 0x9f59, 0x8f78,
-        0x9188, 0x81a9, 0xb1ca, 0xa1eb, 0xd10c, 0xc12d, 0xf14e, 0xe16f,
-        0x1080, 0x00a1, 0x30c2, 0x20e3, 0x5004, 0x4025, 0x7046, 0x6067,
-        0x83b9, 0x9398, 0xa3fb, 0xb3da, 0xc33d, 0xd31c, 0xe37f, 0xf35e,
-        0x02b1, 0x1290, 0x22f3, 0x32d2, 0x4235, 0x5214, 0x6277, 0x7256,
-        0xb5ea, 0xa5cb, 0x95a8, 0x8589, 0xf56e, 0xe54f, 0xd52c, 0xc50d,
-        0x34e2, 0x24c3, 0x14a0, 0x0481, 0x7466, 0x6447, 0x5424, 0x4405,
-        0xa7db, 0xb7fa, 0x8799, 0x97b8, 0xe75f, 0xf77e, 0xc71d, 0xd73c,
-        0x26d3, 0x36f2, 0x0691, 0x16b0, 0x6657, 0x7676, 0x4615, 0x5634,
-        0xd94c, 0xc96d, 0xf90e, 0xe92f, 0x99c8, 0x89e9, 0xb98a, 0xa9ab,
-        0x5844, 0x4865, 0x7806, 0x6827, 0x18c0, 0x08e1, 0x3882, 0x28a3,
-        0xcb7d, 0xdb5c, 0xeb3f, 0xfb1e, 0x8bf9, 0x9bd8, 0xabbb, 0xbb9a,
-        0x4a75, 0x5a54, 0x6a37, 0x7a16, 0x0af1, 0x1ad0, 0x2ab3, 0x3a92,
-        0xfd2e, 0xed0f, 0xdd6c, 0xcd4d, 0xbdaa, 0xad8b, 0x9de8, 0x8dc9,
-        0x7c26, 0x6c07, 0x5c64, 0x4c45, 0x3ca2, 0x2c83, 0x1ce0, 0x0cc1,
-        0xef1f, 0xff3e, 0xcf5d, 0xdf7c, 0xaf9b, 0xbfba, 0x8fd9, 0x9ff8,
-        0x6e17, 0x7e36, 0x4e55, 0x5e74, 0x2e93, 0x3eb2, 0x0ed1, 0x1ef0,
-]
-
-def crc_hqx(s, crc):
-    for c in s:
-        crc = ((crc << 8) & 0xff00) ^ crctab_hqx[((crc >> 8) & 0xff) ^ ord(c)]
-
-    return crc
-
-def rlecode_hqx(s):
-    """
-    Run length encoding for binhex4.
-    The CPython implementation does not do run length encoding
-    of \x90 characters. This implementation does.
-    """
-    if not s:
-        return ''
-    result = []
-    prev = s[0]
-    count = 1
-    # Add a dummy character to get the loop to go one extra round.
-    # The dummy must be different from the last character of s.
-    # In the same step we remove the first character, which has
-    # already been stored in prev.
-    if s[-1] == '!':
-        s = s[1:] + '?'
-    else:
-        s = s[1:] + '!'
-        
-    for c in s:
-        if c == prev and count < 255:
-            count += 1
-        else:
-            if count == 1:
-                if prev != '\x90':
-                    result.append(prev)
-                else:
-                    result.extend(['\x90', '\x00'])
-            elif count < 4:
-                if prev != '\x90':
-                    result.extend([prev] * count)
-                else:
-                    result.extend(['\x90', '\x00'] * count)
-            else:
-                if prev != '\x90':
-                    result.extend([prev, '\x90', chr(count)])
-                else:
-                    result.extend(['\x90', '\x00', '\x90', chr(count)]) 
-            count = 1
-            prev = c
-        
-    return ''.join(result)
-
-def rledecode_hqx(s):
-    s = s.split('\x90')
-    result = [s[0]]
-    prev = s[0]
-    for snippet in s[1:]:
-        count = ord(snippet[0])
-        if count > 0:
-            result.append(prev[-1] * (count-1))
-            prev = snippet
-        else:
-            result. append('\x90')
-            prev = '\x90'
-        result.append(snippet[1:])
-
-    return ''.join(result)
-
-crc_32_tab = [
-    0x00000000L, 0x77073096L, 0xee0e612cL, 0x990951baL, 0x076dc419L,
-    0x706af48fL, 0xe963a535L, 0x9e6495a3L, 0x0edb8832L, 0x79dcb8a4L,
-    0xe0d5e91eL, 0x97d2d988L, 0x09b64c2bL, 0x7eb17cbdL, 0xe7b82d07L,
-    0x90bf1d91L, 0x1db71064L, 0x6ab020f2L, 0xf3b97148L, 0x84be41deL,
-    0x1adad47dL, 0x6ddde4ebL, 0xf4d4b551L, 0x83d385c7L, 0x136c9856L,
-    0x646ba8c0L, 0xfd62f97aL, 0x8a65c9ecL, 0x14015c4fL, 0x63066cd9L,
-    0xfa0f3d63L, 0x8d080df5L, 0x3b6e20c8L, 0x4c69105eL, 0xd56041e4L,
-    0xa2677172L, 0x3c03e4d1L, 0x4b04d447L, 0xd20d85fdL, 0xa50ab56bL,
-    0x35b5a8faL, 0x42b2986cL, 0xdbbbc9d6L, 0xacbcf940L, 0x32d86ce3L,
-    0x45df5c75L, 0xdcd60dcfL, 0xabd13d59L, 0x26d930acL, 0x51de003aL,
-    0xc8d75180L, 0xbfd06116L, 0x21b4f4b5L, 0x56b3c423L, 0xcfba9599L,
-    0xb8bda50fL, 0x2802b89eL, 0x5f058808L, 0xc60cd9b2L, 0xb10be924L,
-    0x2f6f7c87L, 0x58684c11L, 0xc1611dabL, 0xb6662d3dL, 0x76dc4190L,
-    0x01db7106L, 0x98d220bcL, 0xefd5102aL, 0x71b18589L, 0x06b6b51fL,
-    0x9fbfe4a5L, 0xe8b8d433L, 0x7807c9a2L, 0x0f00f934L, 0x9609a88eL,
-    0xe10e9818L, 0x7f6a0dbbL, 0x086d3d2dL, 0x91646c97L, 0xe6635c01L,
-    0x6b6b51f4L, 0x1c6c6162L, 0x856530d8L, 0xf262004eL, 0x6c0695edL,
-    0x1b01a57bL, 0x8208f4c1L, 0xf50fc457L, 0x65b0d9c6L, 0x12b7e950L,
-    0x8bbeb8eaL, 0xfcb9887cL, 0x62dd1ddfL, 0x15da2d49L, 0x8cd37cf3L,
-    0xfbd44c65L, 0x4db26158L, 0x3ab551ceL, 0xa3bc0074L, 0xd4bb30e2L,
-    0x4adfa541L, 0x3dd895d7L, 0xa4d1c46dL, 0xd3d6f4fbL, 0x4369e96aL,
-    0x346ed9fcL, 0xad678846L, 0xda60b8d0L, 0x44042d73L, 0x33031de5L,
-    0xaa0a4c5fL, 0xdd0d7cc9L, 0x5005713cL, 0x270241aaL, 0xbe0b1010L,
-    0xc90c2086L, 0x5768b525L, 0x206f85b3L, 0xb966d409L, 0xce61e49fL,
-    0x5edef90eL, 0x29d9c998L, 0xb0d09822L, 0xc7d7a8b4L, 0x59b33d17L,
-    0x2eb40d81L, 0xb7bd5c3bL, 0xc0ba6cadL, 0xedb88320L, 0x9abfb3b6L,
-    0x03b6e20cL, 0x74b1d29aL, 0xead54739L, 0x9dd277afL, 0x04db2615L,
-    0x73dc1683L, 0xe3630b12L, 0x94643b84L, 0x0d6d6a3eL, 0x7a6a5aa8L,
-    0xe40ecf0bL, 0x9309ff9dL, 0x0a00ae27L, 0x7d079eb1L, 0xf00f9344L,
-    0x8708a3d2L, 0x1e01f268L, 0x6906c2feL, 0xf762575dL, 0x806567cbL,
-    0x196c3671L, 0x6e6b06e7L, 0xfed41b76L, 0x89d32be0L, 0x10da7a5aL,
-    0x67dd4accL, 0xf9b9df6fL, 0x8ebeeff9L, 0x17b7be43L, 0x60b08ed5L,
-    0xd6d6a3e8L, 0xa1d1937eL, 0x38d8c2c4L, 0x4fdff252L, 0xd1bb67f1L,
-    0xa6bc5767L, 0x3fb506ddL, 0x48b2364bL, 0xd80d2bdaL, 0xaf0a1b4cL,
-    0x36034af6L, 0x41047a60L, 0xdf60efc3L, 0xa867df55L, 0x316e8eefL,
-    0x4669be79L, 0xcb61b38cL, 0xbc66831aL, 0x256fd2a0L, 0x5268e236L,
-    0xcc0c7795L, 0xbb0b4703L, 0x220216b9L, 0x5505262fL, 0xc5ba3bbeL,
-    0xb2bd0b28L, 0x2bb45a92L, 0x5cb36a04L, 0xc2d7ffa7L, 0xb5d0cf31L,
-    0x2cd99e8bL, 0x5bdeae1dL, 0x9b64c2b0L, 0xec63f226L, 0x756aa39cL,
-    0x026d930aL, 0x9c0906a9L, 0xeb0e363fL, 0x72076785L, 0x05005713L,
-    0x95bf4a82L, 0xe2b87a14L, 0x7bb12baeL, 0x0cb61b38L, 0x92d28e9bL,
-    0xe5d5be0dL, 0x7cdcefb7L, 0x0bdbdf21L, 0x86d3d2d4L, 0xf1d4e242L,
-    0x68ddb3f8L, 0x1fda836eL, 0x81be16cdL, 0xf6b9265bL, 0x6fb077e1L,
-    0x18b74777L, 0x88085ae6L, 0xff0f6a70L, 0x66063bcaL, 0x11010b5cL,
-    0x8f659effL, 0xf862ae69L, 0x616bffd3L, 0x166ccf45L, 0xa00ae278L,
-    0xd70dd2eeL, 0x4e048354L, 0x3903b3c2L, 0xa7672661L, 0xd06016f7L,
-    0x4969474dL, 0x3e6e77dbL, 0xaed16a4aL, 0xd9d65adcL, 0x40df0b66L,
-    0x37d83bf0L, 0xa9bcae53L, 0xdebb9ec5L, 0x47b2cf7fL, 0x30b5ffe9L,
-    0xbdbdf21cL, 0xcabac28aL, 0x53b39330L, 0x24b4a3a6L, 0xbad03605L,
-    0xcdd70693L, 0x54de5729L, 0x23d967bfL, 0xb3667a2eL, 0xc4614ab8L,
-    0x5d681b02L, 0x2a6f2b94L, 0xb40bbe37L, 0xc30c8ea1L, 0x5a05df1bL,
-    0x2d02ef8dL
-]
-
-def crc32(s, crc=0):
-    result = 0
-    crc = ~long(crc) & 0xffffffffL
-    for c in s:
-        crc = crc_32_tab[(crc ^ long(ord(c))) & 0xffL] ^ (crc >> 8)
-        #/* Note:  (crc >> 8) MUST zero fill on left
-
-    result = crc ^ 0xffffffffL
-    
-    if result > 2**31:
-        result = ((result + 2**31) % 2**32) - 2**31
-
-    return result
-
-def b2a_hex(s):
-    result = []
-    for char in s:
-        c = (ord(char) >> 4) & 0xf
-        if c > 9:
-            c = c + ord('a') - 10
-        else:
-            c = c + ord('0')
-        result.append(chr(c))
-        c = ord(char) & 0xf
-        if c > 9:
-            c = c + ord('a') - 10
-        else:
-            c = c + ord('0')
-        result.append(chr(c))
-    return ''.join(result)
-
-hexlify = b2a_hex
-
-table_hex = [
-    -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,
-    -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,
-    -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,
-    0, 1, 2, 3,  4, 5, 6, 7,  8, 9,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,
-    -1,10,11,12, 13,14,15,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,
-    -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,
-    -1,10,11,12, 13,14,15,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,
-    -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1
-]
-
-
-def a2b_hex(t):
-    result = []
-
-    def pairs_gen(s):
-        while s:
-            try:
-                yield table_hex[ord(s[0])], table_hex[ord(s[1])]
-            except IndexError:
-                if len(s):
-                    raise TypeError('Odd-length string')
-                return
-            s = s[2:]
-
-    for a, b in pairs_gen(t):
-        if a < 0 or b < 0:
-            raise TypeError('Non-hexadecimal digit found')
-        result.append(chr((a << 4) + b))
-    return ''.join(result)
-    
-
-unhexlify = a2b_hex
diff --git a/lib_pypy/numpypy/core/numeric.py b/lib_pypy/numpypy/core/numeric.py
--- a/lib_pypy/numpypy/core/numeric.py
+++ b/lib_pypy/numpypy/core/numeric.py
@@ -306,6 +306,125 @@
     else:
         return multiarray.set_string_function(f, repr)
 
+def array_equal(a1, a2):
+    """
+    True if two arrays have the same shape and elements, False otherwise.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a1, a2 : array_like
+        Input arrays.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    b : bool
+        Returns True if the arrays are equal.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    allclose: Returns True if two arrays are element-wise equal within a
+              tolerance.
+    array_equiv: Returns True if input arrays are shape consistent and all
+                 elements equal.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> np.array_equal([1, 2], [1, 2])
+    True
+    >>> np.array_equal(np.array([1, 2]), np.array([1, 2]))
+    True
+    >>> np.array_equal([1, 2], [1, 2, 3])
+    False
+    >>> np.array_equal([1, 2], [1, 4])
+    False
+
+    """
+    try:
+        a1, a2 = asarray(a1), asarray(a2)
+    except:
+        return False
+    if a1.shape != a2.shape:
+        return False
+    return bool((a1 == a2).all())
+
+def asarray(a, dtype=None, order=None, maskna=None, ownmaskna=False):
+    """
+    Convert the input to an array.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    a : array_like
+        Input data, in any form that can be converted to an array.  This
+        includes lists, lists of tuples, tuples, tuples of tuples, tuples
+        of lists and ndarrays.
+    dtype : data-type, optional
+        By default, the data-type is inferred from the input data.
+    order : {'C', 'F'}, optional
+        Whether to use row-major ('C') or column-major ('F' for FORTRAN)
+        memory representation.  Defaults to 'C'.
+   maskna : bool or None, optional
+        If this is set to True, it forces the array to have an NA mask.
+        If this is set to False, it forces the array to not have an NA
+        mask.
+    ownmaskna : bool, optional
+        If this is set to True, forces the array to have a mask which
+        it owns.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out : ndarray
+        Array interpretation of `a`.  No copy is performed if the input
+        is already an ndarray.  If `a` is a subclass of ndarray, a base
+        class ndarray is returned.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    asanyarray : Similar function which passes through subclasses.
+    ascontiguousarray : Convert input to a contiguous array.
+    asfarray : Convert input to a floating point ndarray.
+    asfortranarray : Convert input to an ndarray with column-major
+                     memory order.
+    asarray_chkfinite : Similar function which checks input for NaNs and Infs.
+    fromiter : Create an array from an iterator.
+    fromfunction : Construct an array by executing a function on grid
+                   positions.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    Convert a list into an array:
+
+    >>> a = [1, 2]
+    >>> np.asarray(a)
+    array([1, 2])
+
+    Existing arrays are not copied:
+
+    >>> a = np.array([1, 2])
+    >>> np.asarray(a) is a
+    True
+
+    If `dtype` is set, array is copied only if dtype does not match:
+
+    >>> a = np.array([1, 2], dtype=np.float32)
+    >>> np.asarray(a, dtype=np.float32) is a
+    True
+    >>> np.asarray(a, dtype=np.float64) is a
+    False
+
+    Contrary to `asanyarray`, ndarray subclasses are not passed through:
+
+    >>> issubclass(np.matrix, np.ndarray)
+    True
+    >>> a = np.matrix([[1, 2]])
+    >>> np.asarray(a) is a
+    False
+    >>> np.asanyarray(a) is a
+    True
+
+    """
+    return array(a, dtype, copy=False, order=order,
+                            maskna=maskna, ownmaskna=ownmaskna)
+
 set_string_function(array_str, 0)
 set_string_function(array_repr, 1)
 
diff --git a/lib_pypy/pypy_test/test_binascii.py b/lib_pypy/pypy_test/test_binascii.py
deleted file mode 100644
--- a/lib_pypy/pypy_test/test_binascii.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,168 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-import py
-from lib_pypy import binascii
-
-# Create binary test data
-data = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.\r\n"
-# Be slow so we don't depend on other modules
-data += "".join(map(chr, xrange(256)))
-data += "\r\nHello world.\n"
-
-def test_exceptions():
-    # Check module exceptions
-    assert issubclass(binascii.Error, Exception)
-    assert issubclass(binascii.Incomplete, Exception)
-
-def test_functions():
-    # Check presence of all functions
-    funcs = []
-    for suffix in "base64", "hqx", "uu", "hex":
-        prefixes = ["a2b_", "b2a_"]
-        if suffix == "hqx":
-            prefixes.extend(["crc_", "rlecode_", "rledecode_"])
-        for prefix in prefixes:
-            name = prefix + suffix
-            assert callable(getattr(binascii, name))
-            py.test.raises(TypeError, getattr(binascii, name))
-    for name in ("hexlify", "unhexlify"):
-        assert callable(getattr(binascii, name))
-        py.test.raises(TypeError, getattr(binascii, name))
-
-def test_base64valid():
-    # Test base64 with valid data
-    MAX_BASE64 = 57
-    lines = []
-    for i in range(0, len(data), MAX_BASE64):
-        b = data[i:i+MAX_BASE64]
-        a = binascii.b2a_base64(b)
-        lines.append(a)
-    res = ""
-    for line in lines:
-        b = binascii.a2b_base64(line)
-        res = res + b
-    assert res == data
-
-def test_base64invalid():
-    # Test base64 with random invalid characters sprinkled throughout
-    # (This requires a new version of binascii.)
-    MAX_BASE64 = 57
-    lines = []
-    for i in range(0, len(data), MAX_BASE64):
-        b = data[i:i+MAX_BASE64]
-        a = binascii.b2a_base64(b)
-        lines.append(a)
-
-    fillers = ""
-    valid = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789+/"
-    for i in xrange(256):
-        c = chr(i)
-        if c not in valid:
-            fillers += c
-    def addnoise(line):
-        noise = fillers
-        ratio = len(line) // len(noise)
-        res = ""
-        while line and noise:
-            if len(line) // len(noise) > ratio:
-                c, line = line[0], line[1:]
-            else:
-                c, noise = noise[0], noise[1:]
-            res += c
-        return res + noise + line
-    res = ""
-    for line in map(addnoise, lines):
-        b = binascii.a2b_base64(line)
-        res += b
-    assert res == data
-
-    # Test base64 with just invalid characters, which should return
-    # empty strings. TBD: shouldn't it raise an exception instead ?
-    assert binascii.a2b_base64(fillers) == ''
-
-def test_uu():
-    MAX_UU = 45
-    lines = []
-    for i in range(0, len(data), MAX_UU):
-        b = data[i:i+MAX_UU]
-        a = binascii.b2a_uu(b)
-        lines.append(a)
-    res = ""
-    for line in lines:
-        b = binascii.a2b_uu(line)
-        res += b
-    assert res == data
-
-    assert binascii.a2b_uu("\x7f") == "\x00"*31
-    assert binascii.a2b_uu("\x80") == "\x00"*32
-    assert binascii.a2b_uu("\xff") == "\x00"*31
-    py.test.raises(binascii.Error, binascii.a2b_uu, "\xff\x00")
-    py.test.raises(binascii.Error, binascii.a2b_uu, "!!!!")
-
-    py.test.raises(binascii.Error, binascii.b2a_uu, 46*"!")
-
-def test_crc32():
-    crc = binascii.crc32("Test the CRC-32 of")
-    crc = binascii.crc32(" this string.", crc)
-    assert crc == 1571220330
-    
-    crc = binascii.crc32('frotz\n', 0)
-    assert crc == -372923920
-
-    py.test.raises(TypeError, binascii.crc32)
-
-def test_hex():
-    # test hexlification
-    s = '{s\005\000\000\000worldi\002\000\000\000s\005\000\000\000helloi\001\000\000\0000'
-    t = binascii.b2a_hex(s)
-    u = binascii.a2b_hex(t)
-    assert s == u
-    py.test.raises(TypeError, binascii.a2b_hex, t[:-1])
-    py.test.raises(TypeError, binascii.a2b_hex, t[:-1] + 'q')
-
-    # Verify the treatment of Unicode strings
-    assert binascii.hexlify(unicode('a', 'ascii')) == '61'
-
-def test_qp():
-    # A test for SF bug 534347 (segfaults without the proper fix)
-    try:
-        binascii.a2b_qp("", **{1:1})
-    except TypeError:
-        pass
-    else:
-        fail("binascii.a2b_qp(**{1:1}) didn't raise TypeError")
-    assert binascii.a2b_qp("= ") == "= "
-    assert binascii.a2b_qp("==") == "="
-    assert binascii.a2b_qp("=AX") == "=AX"
-    py.test.raises(TypeError, binascii.b2a_qp, foo="bar")
-    assert binascii.a2b_qp("=00\r\n=00") == "\x00\r\n\x00"
-    assert binascii.b2a_qp("\xff\r\n\xff\n\xff") == "=FF\r\n=FF\r\n=FF"
-    target = "0"*75+"=\r\n=FF\r\n=FF\r\n=FF"
-    assert binascii.b2a_qp("0"*75+"\xff\r\n\xff\r\n\xff") == target
-
-def test_empty_string():
-    # A test for SF bug #1022953.  Make sure SystemError is not raised.
-    for n in ['b2a_qp', 'a2b_hex', 'b2a_base64', 'a2b_uu', 'a2b_qp',
-              'b2a_hex', 'unhexlify', 'hexlify', 'crc32', 'b2a_hqx',
-              'a2b_hqx', 'a2b_base64', 'rlecode_hqx', 'b2a_uu',
-              'rledecode_hqx']:
-        f = getattr(binascii, n)
-        f('')
-    binascii.crc_hqx('', 0)
-
-def test_qp_bug_case():
-    assert binascii.b2a_qp('y'*77, False, False) == 'y'*75 + '=\nyy'
-    assert binascii.b2a_qp(' '*77, False, False) == ' '*75 + '=\n =20'
-    assert binascii.b2a_qp('y'*76, False, False) == 'y'*76
-    assert binascii.b2a_qp(' '*76, False, False) == ' '*75 + '=\n=20'
-
-def test_wrong_padding():
-    s = 'CSixpLDtKSC/7Liuvsax4iC6uLmwMcijIKHaILzSwd/H0SC8+LCjwLsgv7W/+Mj3IQ'
-    py.test.raises(binascii.Error, binascii.a2b_base64, s)
-
-def test_crap_after_padding():
-    s = 'xxx=axxxx'
-    assert binascii.a2b_base64(s) == '\xc7\x1c'
-
-def test_wrong_args():
-    # this should grow as a way longer list
-    py.test.raises(TypeError, binascii.a2b_base64, 42)
diff --git a/lib_pypy/pypy_test/test_locale.py b/lib_pypy/pypy_test/test_locale.py
deleted file mode 100644
--- a/lib_pypy/pypy_test/test_locale.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-import py
-import sys
-
-from lib_pypy.ctypes_config_cache import rebuild
-rebuild.rebuild_one('locale.ctc.py')
-
-from lib_pypy import _locale
-
-
-def setup_module(mod):
-    if sys.platform == 'darwin':
-        py.test.skip("Locale support on MacOSX is minimal and cannot be tested")
-
-class TestLocale:
-    def setup_class(cls):
-        cls.oldlocale = _locale.setlocale(_locale.LC_NUMERIC)
-        if sys.platform.startswith("win"):
-            cls.tloc = "en"
-        elif sys.platform.startswith("freebsd"):
-            cls.tloc = "en_US.US-ASCII"
-        else:
-            cls.tloc = "en_US.UTF8"
-        try:
-            _locale.setlocale(_locale.LC_NUMERIC, cls.tloc)
-        except _locale.Error:
-            py.test.skip("test locale %s not supported" % cls.tloc)
-            
-    def teardown_class(cls):
-        _locale.setlocale(_locale.LC_NUMERIC, cls.oldlocale)
-
-    def test_format(self):
-        py.test.skip("XXX fix or kill me")
-
-        def testformat(formatstr, value, grouping = 0, output=None):
-            if output:
-                print "%s %% %s =? %s ..." %\
-                      (repr(formatstr), repr(value), repr(output)),
-            else:
-                print "%s %% %s works? ..." % (repr(formatstr), repr(value)),
-            result = locale.format(formatstr, value, grouping = grouping)
-            assert result == output
-
-        testformat("%f", 1024, grouping=1, output='1,024.000000')
-        testformat("%f", 102, grouping=1, output='102.000000')
-        testformat("%f", -42, grouping=1, output='-42.000000')
-        testformat("%+f", -42, grouping=1, output='-42.000000')
-        testformat("%20.f", -42, grouping=1, output='                 -42')
-        testformat("%+10.f", -4200, grouping=1, output='    -4,200')
-        testformat("%-10.f", 4200, grouping=1, output='4,200     ')
-
-    def test_getpreferredencoding(self):
-        py.test.skip("XXX fix or kill me")
-        # Invoke getpreferredencoding to make sure it does not cause exceptions
-        _locale.getpreferredencoding()
-
-    # Test BSD Rune locale's bug for isctype functions.
-    def test_bsd_bug(self):
-        def teststrop(s, method, output):
-            print "%s.%s() =? %s ..." % (repr(s), method, repr(output)),
-            result = getattr(s, method)()
-            assert result == output
-
-        oldlocale = _locale.setlocale(_locale.LC_CTYPE)
-        _locale.setlocale(_locale.LC_CTYPE, self.tloc)
-        try:
-            teststrop('\x20', 'isspace', True)
-            teststrop('\xa0', 'isspace', False)
-            teststrop('\xa1', 'isspace', False)
-            teststrop('\xc0', 'isalpha', False)
-            teststrop('\xc0', 'isalnum', False)
-            teststrop('\xc0', 'isupper', False)
-            teststrop('\xc0', 'islower', False)
-            teststrop('\xec\xa0\xbc', 'split', ['\xec\xa0\xbc'])
-            teststrop('\xed\x95\xa0', 'strip', '\xed\x95\xa0')
-            teststrop('\xcc\x85', 'lower', '\xcc\x85')
-            teststrop('\xed\x95\xa0', 'upper', '\xed\x95\xa0')
-        finally:
-            _locale.setlocale(_locale.LC_CTYPE, oldlocale)
diff --git a/lib_pypy/pypy_test/test_site_extra.py b/lib_pypy/pypy_test/test_site_extra.py
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib_pypy/pypy_test/test_site_extra.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import sys, os
+
+
+def test_preimported_modules():
+    lst = ['__builtin__', '_codecs', '_warnings', 'codecs', 'encodings',
+           'exceptions', 'signal', 'sys', 'zipimport']
+    g = os.popen("'%s' -c 'import sys; print sorted(sys.modules)'" %
+                 (sys.executable,))
+    real_data = g.read()
+    g.close()
+    for name in lst:
+        quoted_name = repr(name)
+        assert quoted_name in real_data
diff --git a/lib_pypy/pypy_test/test_struct_extra.py b/lib_pypy/pypy_test/test_struct_extra.py
deleted file mode 100644
--- a/lib_pypy/pypy_test/test_struct_extra.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from lib_pypy import struct 
-
-def test_simple():
-    morezeros = '\x00' * (struct.calcsize('l')-4)
-    assert struct.pack('<l', 16) == '\x10\x00\x00\x00' + morezeros
-    assert struct.pack('4s', 'WAVE') == 'WAVE'
-    assert struct.pack('<4sl', 'WAVE', 16) == 'WAVE\x10\x00\x00\x00' + morezeros
-    s = 'ABCD01234567\x01\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x00\x00\x03\x00'
-    assert struct.unpack('<4s4H2lH', s) == ('ABCD', 0x3130, 0x3332, 0x3534,
-                                            0x3736, 1, 2, 3)
-
-def test_infinity():
-    INFINITY = 1e200 * 1e200
-    assert str(struct.unpack("!d", struct.pack("!d", INFINITY))[0]) \
-           == str(INFINITY)
-    assert str(struct.unpack("!d", struct.pack("!d", -INFINITY))[0]) \
-           == str(-INFINITY)
-
-def test_nan():
-    INFINITY = 1e200 * 1e200
-    NAN = INFINITY / INFINITY
-    assert str(struct.unpack("!d", '\xff\xf8\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00')[0]) \
-           == str(NAN)
-    assert str(struct.unpack("!d", struct.pack("!d", NAN))[0]) == str(NAN)
diff --git a/lib_pypy/struct.py b/lib_pypy/struct.py
deleted file mode 100644
--- a/lib_pypy/struct.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,417 +0,0 @@
-#
-# This module is a pure Python version of pypy.module.struct.
-# It is only imported if the vastly faster pypy.module.struct is not
-# compiled in.  For now we keep this version for reference and
-# because pypy.module.struct is not ootype-backend-friendly yet.
-#
-
-"""Functions to convert between Python values and C structs.
-Python strings are used to hold the data representing the C struct
-and also as format strings to describe the layout of data in the C struct.
-
-The optional first format char indicates byte order, size and alignment:
- @: native order, size & alignment (default)
- =: native order, std. size & alignment
- <: little-endian, std. size & alignment
- >: big-endian, std. size & alignment
- !: same as >
-
-The remaining chars indicate types of args and must match exactly;
-these can be preceded by a decimal repeat count:
-   x: pad byte (no data);
-   c:char;
-   b:signed byte;
-   B:unsigned byte;
-   h:short;
-   H:unsigned short;
-   i:int;
-   I:unsigned int;
-   l:long;
-   L:unsigned long;
-   f:float;
-   d:double.
-Special cases (preceding decimal count indicates length):
-   s:string (array of char); p: pascal string (with count byte).
-Special case (only available in native format):
-   P:an integer type that is wide enough to hold a pointer.
-Special case (not in native mode unless 'long long' in platform C):
-   q:long long;
-   Q:unsigned long long
-Whitespace between formats is ignored.
-
-The variable struct.error is an exception raised on errors."""
-
-import math, sys
-
-# TODO: XXX Find a way to get information on native sizes and alignments
-class StructError(Exception):
-    pass
-error = StructError
-def unpack_int(data,index,size,le):
-    bytes = [ord(b) for b in data[index:index+size]]
-    if le == 'little':
-        bytes.reverse()
-    number = 0L
-    for b in bytes:
-        number = number << 8 | b
-    return int(number)
-
-def unpack_signed_int(data,index,size,le):
-    number = unpack_int(data,index,size,le)
-    max = 2**(size*8)
-    if number > 2**(size*8 - 1) - 1:
-        number = int(-1*(max - number))
-    return number
-
-INFINITY = 1e200 * 1e200
-NAN = INFINITY / INFINITY
-
-def unpack_char(data,index,size,le):
-    return data[index:index+size]
-
-def pack_int(number,size,le):
-    x=number
-    res=[]
-    for i in range(size):
-        res.append(chr(x&0xff))
-        x >>= 8
-    if le == 'big':
-        res.reverse()
-    return ''.join(res)
-
-def pack_signed_int(number,size,le):
-    if not isinstance(number, (int,long)):
-        raise StructError,"argument for i,I,l,L,q,Q,h,H must be integer"
-    if  number > 2**(8*size-1)-1 or number < -1*2**(8*size-1):
-        raise OverflowError,"Number:%i too large to convert" % number
-    return pack_int(number,size,le)
-
-def pack_unsigned_int(number,size,le):
-    if not isinstance(number, (int,long)):
-        raise StructError,"argument for i,I,l,L,q,Q,h,H must be integer"
-    if number < 0:
-        raise TypeError,"can't convert negative long to unsigned"
-    if number > 2**(8*size)-1:
-        raise OverflowError,"Number:%i too large to convert" % number
-    return pack_int(number,size,le)
-
-def pack_char(char,size,le):
-    return str(char)
-
-def isinf(x):
-    return x != 0.0 and x / 2 == x
-def isnan(v):
-    return v != v*1.0 or (v == 1.0 and v == 2.0)
-
-def pack_float(x, size, le):
-    unsigned = float_pack(x, size)
-    result = []
-    for i in range(8):
-        result.append(chr((unsigned >> (i * 8)) & 0xFF))
-    if le == "big":
-        result.reverse()
-    return ''.join(result)
-
-def unpack_float(data, index, size, le):
-    binary = [data[i] for i in range(index, index + 8)]
-    if le == "big":
-        binary.reverse()
-    unsigned = 0
-    for i in range(8):
-        unsigned |= ord(binary[i]) << (i * 8)
-    return float_unpack(unsigned, size, le)
-
-def round_to_nearest(x):
-    """Python 3 style round:  round a float x to the nearest int, but
-    unlike the builtin Python 2.x round function:
-
-      - return an int, not a float
-      - do round-half-to-even, not round-half-away-from-zero.
-
-    We assume that x is finite and nonnegative; except wrong results
-    if you use this for negative x.
-
-    """
-    int_part = int(x)
-    frac_part = x - int_part
-    if frac_part > 0.5 or frac_part == 0.5 and int_part & 1 == 1:
-        int_part += 1
-    return int_part
-
-def float_unpack(Q, size, le):
-    """Convert a 32-bit or 64-bit integer created
-    by float_pack into a Python float."""
-
-    if size == 8:
-        MIN_EXP = -1021  # = sys.float_info.min_exp
-        MAX_EXP = 1024   # = sys.float_info.max_exp
-        MANT_DIG = 53    # = sys.float_info.mant_dig
-        BITS = 64
-    elif size == 4:
-        MIN_EXP = -125   # C's FLT_MIN_EXP
-        MAX_EXP = 128    # FLT_MAX_EXP
-        MANT_DIG = 24    # FLT_MANT_DIG
-        BITS = 32
-    else:
-        raise ValueError("invalid size value")
-
-    if Q >> BITS:
-         raise ValueError("input out of range")
-
-    # extract pieces
-    sign = Q >> BITS - 1
-    exp = (Q & ((1 << BITS - 1) - (1 << MANT_DIG - 1))) >> MANT_DIG - 1
-    mant = Q & ((1 << MANT_DIG - 1) - 1)
-
-    if exp == MAX_EXP - MIN_EXP + 2:
-        # nan or infinity
-        result = float('nan') if mant else float('inf')
-    elif exp == 0:
-        # subnormal or zero
-        result = math.ldexp(float(mant), MIN_EXP - MANT_DIG)
-    else:
-        # normal
-        mant += 1 << MANT_DIG - 1
-        result = math.ldexp(float(mant), exp + MIN_EXP - MANT_DIG - 1)
-    return -result if sign else result
-
-
-def float_pack(x, size):
-    """Convert a Python float x into a 64-bit unsigned integer
-    with the same byte representation."""
-
-    if size == 8:
-        MIN_EXP = -1021  # = sys.float_info.min_exp
-        MAX_EXP = 1024   # = sys.float_info.max_exp
-        MANT_DIG = 53    # = sys.float_info.mant_dig
-        BITS = 64
-    elif size == 4:
-        MIN_EXP = -125   # C's FLT_MIN_EXP
-        MAX_EXP = 128    # FLT_MAX_EXP
-        MANT_DIG = 24    # FLT_MANT_DIG
-        BITS = 32
-    else:
-        raise ValueError("invalid size value")
-
-    sign = math.copysign(1.0, x) < 0.0
-    if math.isinf(x):
-        mant = 0
-        exp = MAX_EXP - MIN_EXP + 2
-    elif math.isnan(x):
-        mant = 1 << (MANT_DIG-2) # other values possible
-        exp = MAX_EXP - MIN_EXP + 2
-    elif x == 0.0:
-        mant = 0
-        exp = 0
-    else:
-        m, e = math.frexp(abs(x))  # abs(x) == m * 2**e
-        exp = e - (MIN_EXP - 1)
-        if exp > 0:
-            # Normal case.
-            mant = round_to_nearest(m * (1 << MANT_DIG))
-            mant -= 1 << MANT_DIG - 1
-        else:
-            # Subnormal case.
-            if exp + MANT_DIG - 1 >= 0:
-                mant = round_to_nearest(m * (1 << exp + MANT_DIG - 1))
-            else:
-                mant = 0
-            exp = 0
-
-        # Special case: rounding produced a MANT_DIG-bit mantissa.
-        assert 0 <= mant <= 1 << MANT_DIG - 1
-        if mant == 1 << MANT_DIG - 1:
-            mant = 0
-            exp += 1
-
-        # Raise on overflow (in some circumstances, may want to return
-        # infinity instead).
-        if exp >= MAX_EXP - MIN_EXP + 2:
-             raise OverflowError("float too large to pack in this format")
-
-    # check constraints
-    assert 0 <= mant < 1 << MANT_DIG - 1
-    assert 0 <= exp <= MAX_EXP - MIN_EXP + 2
-    assert 0 <= sign <= 1
-    return ((sign << BITS - 1) | (exp << MANT_DIG - 1)) | mant
-
-
-big_endian_format = {
-    'x':{ 'size' : 1, 'alignment' : 0, 'pack' : None, 'unpack' : None},
-    'b':{ 'size' : 1, 'alignment' : 0, 'pack' : pack_signed_int, 'unpack' : unpack_signed_int},
-    'B':{ 'size' : 1, 'alignment' : 0, 'pack' : pack_unsigned_int, 'unpack' : unpack_int},
-    'c':{ 'size' : 1, 'alignment' : 0, 'pack' : pack_char, 'unpack' : unpack_char},
-    's':{ 'size' : 1, 'alignment' : 0, 'pack' : None, 'unpack' : None},
-    'p':{ 'size' : 1, 'alignment' : 0, 'pack' : None, 'unpack' : None},
-    'h':{ 'size' : 2, 'alignment' : 0, 'pack' : pack_signed_int, 'unpack' : unpack_signed_int},
-    'H':{ 'size' : 2, 'alignment' : 0, 'pack' : pack_unsigned_int, 'unpack' : unpack_int},
-    'i':{ 'size' : 4, 'alignment' : 0, 'pack' : pack_signed_int, 'unpack' : unpack_signed_int},
-    'I':{ 'size' : 4, 'alignment' : 0, 'pack' : pack_unsigned_int, 'unpack' : unpack_int},
-    'l':{ 'size' : 4, 'alignment' : 0, 'pack' : pack_signed_int, 'unpack' : unpack_signed_int},
-    'L':{ 'size' : 4, 'alignment' : 0, 'pack' : pack_unsigned_int, 'unpack' : unpack_int},
-    'q':{ 'size' : 8, 'alignment' : 0, 'pack' : pack_signed_int, 'unpack' : unpack_signed_int},
-    'Q':{ 'size' : 8, 'alignment' : 0, 'pack' : pack_unsigned_int, 'unpack' : unpack_int},
-    'f':{ 'size' : 4, 'alignment' : 0, 'pack' : pack_float, 'unpack' : unpack_float},
-    'd':{ 'size' : 8, 'alignment' : 0, 'pack' : pack_float, 'unpack' : unpack_float},
-    }
-default = big_endian_format
-formatmode={ '<' : (default, 'little'),
-             '>' : (default, 'big'),
-             '!' : (default, 'big'),
-             '=' : (default, sys.byteorder),
-             '@' : (default, sys.byteorder)
-            }
-
-def getmode(fmt):
-    try:
-        formatdef,endianness = formatmode[fmt[0]]
-        index = 1
-    except KeyError:
-        formatdef,endianness = formatmode['@']
-        index = 0
-    return formatdef,endianness,index
-def getNum(fmt,i):
-    num=None
-    cur = fmt[i]
-    while ('0'<= cur ) and ( cur <= '9'):
-        if num == None:
-            num = int(cur)
-        else:
-            num = 10*num + int(cur)
-        i += 1
-        cur = fmt[i]
-    return num,i
-
-def calcsize(fmt):
-    """calcsize(fmt) -> int
-    Return size of C struct described by format string fmt.
-    See struct.__doc__ for more on format strings."""
-
-    formatdef,endianness,i = getmode(fmt)
-    num = 0
-    result = 0
-    while i<len(fmt):
-        num,i = getNum(fmt,i)
-        cur = fmt[i]
-        try:
-            format = formatdef[cur]
-        except KeyError:
-            raise StructError,"%s is not a valid format"%cur
-        if num != None :
-            result += num*format['size']
-        else:
-            result += format['size']
-        num = 0
-        i += 1
-    return result
-
-def pack(fmt,*args):
-    """pack(fmt, v1, v2, ...) -> string
-       Return string containing values v1, v2, ... packed according to fmt.
-       See struct.__doc__ for more on format strings."""
-    formatdef,endianness,i = getmode(fmt)
-    args = list(args)
-    n_args = len(args)
-    result = []
-    while i<len(fmt):
-        num,i = getNum(fmt,i)
-        cur = fmt[i]
-        try:
-            format = formatdef[cur]
-        except KeyError:
-            raise StructError,"%s is not a valid format"%cur
-        if num == None :
-            num_s = 0
-            num = 1
-        else:
-            num_s = num
-
-        if cur == 'x':
-            result += ['\0'*num]
-        elif cur == 's':
-            if isinstance(args[0], str):
-                padding = num - len(args[0])
-                result += [args[0][:num] + '\0'*padding]
-                args.pop(0)
-            else:
-                raise StructError,"arg for string format not a string"
-        elif cur == 'p':
-            if isinstance(args[0], str):
-                padding = num - len(args[0]) - 1
-
-                if padding > 0:
-                    result += [chr(len(args[0])) + args[0][:num-1] + '\0'*padding]
-                else:
-                    if num<255:
-                        result += [chr(num-1) + args[0][:num-1]]
-                    else:
-                        result += [chr(255) + args[0][:num-1]]
-                args.pop(0)
-            else:
-                raise StructError,"arg for string format not a string"
-
-        else:
-            if len(args) < num:
-                raise StructError,"insufficient arguments to pack"
-            for var in args[:num]:
-                result += [format['pack'](var,format['size'],endianness)]
-            args=args[num:]
-        num = None
-        i += 1
-    if len(args) != 0:
-        raise StructError,"too many arguments for pack format"
-    return ''.join(result)
-
-def unpack(fmt,data):
-    """unpack(fmt, string) -> (v1, v2, ...)
-       Unpack the string, containing packed C structure data, according
-       to fmt.  Requires len(string)==calcsize(fmt).
-       See struct.__doc__ for more on format strings."""
-    formatdef,endianness,i = getmode(fmt)
-    j = 0
-    num = 0
-    result = []
-    length= calcsize(fmt)
-    if length != len (data):
-        raise StructError,"unpack str size does not match format"
-    while i<len(fmt):
-        num,i=getNum(fmt,i)
-        cur = fmt[i]
-        i += 1
-        try:
-            format = formatdef[cur]
-        except KeyError:
-            raise StructError,"%s is not a valid format"%cur
-
-        if not num :
-            num = 1
-
-        if cur == 'x':
-            j += num
-        elif cur == 's':
-            result.append(data[j:j+num])
-            j += num
-        elif cur == 'p':
-            n=ord(data[j])
-            if n >= num:
-                n = num-1
-            result.append(data[j+1:j+n+1])
-            j += num
-        else:
-            for n in range(num):
-                result += [format['unpack'](data,j,format['size'],endianness)]
-                j += format['size']
-
-    return tuple(result)
-
-def pack_into(fmt, buf, offset, *args):
-    data = pack(fmt, *args)
-    buffer(buf)[offset:offset+len(data)] = data
-
-def unpack_from(fmt, buf, offset=0):
-    size = calcsize(fmt)
-    data = buffer(buf)[offset:offset+size]
-    if len(data) != size:
-        raise error("unpack_from requires a buffer of at least %d bytes"
-                    % (size,))
-    return unpack(fmt, data)
diff --git a/pypy/__init__.py b/pypy/__init__.py
--- a/pypy/__init__.py
+++ b/pypy/__init__.py
@@ -1,1 +1,16 @@
 # Empty
+
+# XXX Should be empty again, soon.
+# XXX hack for win64:
+# This patch must stay here until the END OF STAGE 1
+# When all tests work, this branch will be merged
+# and the branch stage 2 is started, where we remove this patch.
+import sys
+if hasattr(sys, "maxsize"):
+    if sys.maxint != sys.maxsize:
+        sys.maxint = sys.maxsize
+        import warnings
+        warnings.warn("""\n
+---> This win64 port is now in stage 1: sys.maxint was modified.
+---> When pypy/__init__.py becomes empty again, we have reached stage 2.
+""")
diff --git a/pypy/annotation/classdef.py b/pypy/annotation/classdef.py
--- a/pypy/annotation/classdef.py
+++ b/pypy/annotation/classdef.py
@@ -148,7 +148,6 @@
                 "the attribute here; the list of read locations is:\n" +
                 '\n'.join([str(loc[0]) for loc in self.read_locations]))
 
-
 class ClassDef(object):
     "Wraps a user class."
 
diff --git a/pypy/doc/project-ideas.rst b/pypy/doc/project-ideas.rst
--- a/pypy/doc/project-ideas.rst
+++ b/pypy/doc/project-ideas.rst
@@ -103,21 +103,13 @@
 
 * A concurrent garbage collector (a lot of work)
 
-Remove the GIL
---------------
+STM, a.k.a. "remove the GIL"
+----------------------------
 
-This is a major task that requires lots of thinking. However, few subprojects
-can be potentially specified, unless a better plan can be thought out:
+Removing the GIL --- or more precisely, a GIL-less thread-less solution ---
+is `now work in progress.`__  Contributions welcome.
 
-* A thread-aware garbage collector
-
-* Better RPython primitives for dealing with concurrency
-
-* JIT passes to remove locks on objects
-
-* (maybe) implement locking in Python interpreter
-
-* alternatively, look at Software Transactional Memory
+.. __: http://pypy.org/tmdonate.html
 
 Introduce new benchmarks
 ------------------------
diff --git a/pypy/doc/sandbox.rst b/pypy/doc/sandbox.rst
--- a/pypy/doc/sandbox.rst
+++ b/pypy/doc/sandbox.rst
@@ -82,7 +82,10 @@
 
 In pypy/translator/goal::
 
-   ./translate.py --sandbox targetpypystandalone.py
+   ./translate.py -O2 --sandbox targetpypystandalone.py
+
+If you don't have a regular PyPy installed, you should, because it's
+faster to translate, but you can also run ``python translate.py`` instead.
 
 
 To run it, use the tools in the pypy/translator/sandbox directory::
diff --git a/pypy/interpreter/baseobjspace.py b/pypy/interpreter/baseobjspace.py
--- a/pypy/interpreter/baseobjspace.py
+++ b/pypy/interpreter/baseobjspace.py
@@ -1336,7 +1336,7 @@
         if not self.is_true(self.isinstance(w_obj, self.w_str)):
             raise OperationError(self.w_TypeError,
                                  self.wrap('argument must be a string'))
-        return self.str_w(w_obj)
+        return self.str_w(w_obj)            
 
     def unicode_w(self, w_obj):
         return w_obj.unicode_w(self)
diff --git a/pypy/interpreter/test/test_objspace.py b/pypy/interpreter/test/test_objspace.py
--- a/pypy/interpreter/test/test_objspace.py
+++ b/pypy/interpreter/test/test_objspace.py
@@ -312,8 +312,8 @@
             mods = space.get_builtinmodule_to_install()
             
             assert '__pypy__' in mods                # real builtin
-            assert 'array' not in mods               # in lib_pypy
-            assert 'faked+array' not in mods         # in lib_pypy
+            assert '_functools' not in mods               # in lib_pypy
+            assert 'faked+_functools' not in mods         # in lib_pypy
             assert 'this_doesnt_exist' not in mods   # not in lib_pypy
             assert 'faked+this_doesnt_exist' in mods # not in lib_pypy, but in
                                                      # ALL_BUILTIN_MODULES
diff --git a/pypy/interpreter/test/test_zzpickle_and_slow.py b/pypy/interpreter/test/test_zzpickle_and_slow.py
--- a/pypy/interpreter/test/test_zzpickle_and_slow.py
+++ b/pypy/interpreter/test/test_zzpickle_and_slow.py
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@
 class AppTestInterpObjectPickling:
     pytestmark = py.test.mark.skipif("config.option.runappdirect")
     def setup_class(cls):
+        cls.space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=['struct'])
         _attach_helpers(cls.space)
 
     def teardown_class(cls):
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/test/runner_test.py b/pypy/jit/backend/test/runner_test.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/test/runner_test.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/test/runner_test.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
                                          BoxInt, Box, BoxPtr,
                                          JitCellToken, TargetToken,
                                          ConstInt, ConstPtr,
-                                         BoxObj, Const,
+                                         BoxObj,
                                          ConstObj, BoxFloat, ConstFloat)
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.resoperation import ResOperation, rop
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.typesystem import deref
@@ -16,9 +16,11 @@
 from pypy.rpython.annlowlevel import llhelper
 from pypy.rpython.llinterp import LLException
 from pypy.jit.codewriter import heaptracker, longlong
+from pypy.rlib import longlong2float
 from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import intmask, is_valid_int
 from pypy.jit.backend.detect_cpu import autodetect_main_model_and_size
 
+
 def boxfloat(x):
     return BoxFloat(longlong.getfloatstorage(x))
 
@@ -1655,13 +1657,28 @@
     def test_read_timestamp(self):
         if not self.cpu.supports_longlong:
             py.test.skip("longlong test")
+            # so we stretch the time a little bit.
+            # On my virtual Parallels machine in a 2GHz Core i7 Mac Mini,
+            # the test starts working at delay == 21670 and stops at 20600000.
+            # We take the geometric mean value.
+            from math import log, exp
+            delay_min = 21670
+            delay_max = 20600000
+            delay = int(exp((log(delay_min)+log(delay_max))/2))
+            def wait_a_bit():
+                for i in xrange(delay): pass
+        else:
+            def wait_a_bit():
+                pass
         if longlong.is_64_bit:
             got1 = self.execute_operation(rop.READ_TIMESTAMP, [], 'int')
+            wait_a_bit()
             got2 = self.execute_operation(rop.READ_TIMESTAMP, [], 'int')
             res1 = got1.getint()
             res2 = got2.getint()
         else:
             got1 = self.execute_operation(rop.READ_TIMESTAMP, [], 'float')
+            wait_a_bit()
             got2 = self.execute_operation(rop.READ_TIMESTAMP, [], 'float')
             res1 = got1.getlonglong()
             res2 = got2.getlonglong()
@@ -1758,6 +1775,12 @@
                                      [BoxPtr(x)], 'int').value
         assert res == -19
 
+    def test_convert_float_bytes(self):
+        t = 'int' if longlong.is_64_bit else 'float'
+        res = self.execute_operation(rop.CONVERT_FLOAT_BYTES_TO_LONGLONG,
+                                     [boxfloat(2.5)], t).value
+        assert res == longlong2float.float2longlong(2.5)
+
     def test_ooops_non_gc(self):
         x = lltype.malloc(lltype.Struct('x'), flavor='raw')
         v = heaptracker.adr2int(llmemory.cast_ptr_to_adr(x))
@@ -3326,6 +3349,7 @@
         lines = [line for line in mc if line.count('\t') >= 2]
         checkops(lines, self.bridge_loop_instructions)
 
+
     def test_compile_bridge_with_target(self):
         # This test creates a loopy piece of code in a bridge, and builds another
         # unrelated loop that ends in a jump directly to this loopy bit of code.
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/test/test_random.py b/pypy/jit/backend/test/test_random.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/test/test_random.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/test/test_random.py
@@ -449,6 +449,7 @@
 
 OPERATIONS.append(CastFloatToIntOperation(rop.CAST_FLOAT_TO_INT))
 OPERATIONS.append(CastIntToFloatOperation(rop.CAST_INT_TO_FLOAT))
+OPERATIONS.append(CastFloatToIntOperation(rop.CONVERT_FLOAT_BYTES_TO_LONGLONG))
 
 OperationBuilder.OPERATIONS = OPERATIONS
 
@@ -502,11 +503,11 @@
     else:
         assert 0, "unknown backend %r" % pytest.config.option.backend
 
-# ____________________________________________________________    
+# ____________________________________________________________
 
 class RandomLoop(object):
     dont_generate_more = False
-    
+
     def __init__(self, cpu, builder_factory, r, startvars=None):
         self.cpu = cpu
         if startvars is None:
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/assembler.py b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/assembler.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/assembler.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/assembler.py
@@ -606,7 +606,7 @@
         else:
             assert token
             struct.number = compute_unique_id(token)
-        self.loop_run_counters.append(struct)            
+        self.loop_run_counters.append(struct)
         return struct
 
     def _find_failure_recovery_bytecode(self, faildescr):
@@ -665,7 +665,7 @@
                ResOperation(rop.SETFIELD_RAW, [c_adr, box2],
                             None, descr=self.debug_counter_descr)]
         operations.extend(ops)
-        
+
     @specialize.argtype(1)
     def _inject_debugging_code(self, looptoken, operations, tp, number):
         if self._debug:
@@ -836,8 +836,8 @@
             self.mc.MOVSD_sx(0, loc.value)
         elif WORD == 4 and isinstance(loc, StackLoc) and loc.get_width() == 8:
             # XXX evil trick
-            self.mc.PUSH_b(get_ebp_ofs(loc.position))
-            self.mc.PUSH_b(get_ebp_ofs(loc.position + 1))
+            self.mc.PUSH_b(loc.value + 4)
+            self.mc.PUSH_b(loc.value)
         else:
             self.mc.PUSH(loc)
 
@@ -847,8 +847,8 @@
             self.mc.ADD_ri(esp.value, 8)   # = size of doubles
         elif WORD == 4 and isinstance(loc, StackLoc) and loc.get_width() == 8:
             # XXX evil trick
-            self.mc.POP_b(get_ebp_ofs(loc.position + 1))
-            self.mc.POP_b(get_ebp_ofs(loc.position))
+            self.mc.POP_b(loc.value)
+            self.mc.POP_b(loc.value + 4)
         else:
             self.mc.POP(loc)
 
@@ -1242,6 +1242,15 @@
         self.mc.MOVD_xr(resloc.value, loc0.value)
         self.mc.CVTSS2SD_xx(resloc.value, resloc.value)
 
+    def genop_convert_float_bytes_to_longlong(self, op, arglocs, resloc):
+        loc0, = arglocs
+        if longlong.is_64_bit:
+            assert isinstance(resloc, RegLoc)
+            assert isinstance(loc0, RegLoc)
+            self.mc.MOVD(resloc, loc0)
+        else:
+            self.mov(loc0, resloc)
+
     def genop_guard_int_is_true(self, op, guard_op, guard_token, arglocs, resloc):
         guard_opnum = guard_op.getopnum()
         self.mc.CMP(arglocs[0], imm0)
@@ -1954,8 +1963,6 @@
             mc.PUSH_r(ebx.value)
         elif IS_X86_64:
             mc.MOV_rr(edi.value, ebx.value)
-            # XXX: Correct to only align the stack on 64-bit?
-            mc.AND_ri(esp.value, -16)
         else:
             raise AssertionError("Shouldn't happen")
 
@@ -2117,9 +2124,12 @@
         # First, we need to save away the registers listed in
         # 'save_registers' that are not callee-save.  XXX We assume that
         # the XMM registers won't be modified.  We store them in
-        # [ESP+4], [ESP+8], etc., leaving enough room in [ESP] for the
-        # single argument to closestack_addr below.
-        p = WORD
+        # [ESP+4], [ESP+8], etc.; on x86-32 we leave enough room in [ESP]
+        # for the single argument to closestack_addr below.
+        if IS_X86_32:
+            p = WORD
+        elif IS_X86_64:
+            p = 0
         for reg in self._regalloc.rm.save_around_call_regs:
             if reg in save_registers:
                 self.mc.MOV_sr(p, reg.value)
@@ -2174,7 +2184,10 @@
         #
         self._emit_call(-1, imm(self.releasegil_addr), args)
         # Finally, restore the registers saved above.
-        p = WORD
+        if IS_X86_32:
+            p = WORD
+        elif IS_X86_64:
+            p = 0
         for reg in self._regalloc.rm.save_around_call_regs:
             if reg in save_registers:
                 self.mc.MOV_rs(reg.value, p)
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/regalloc.py b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/regalloc.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/regalloc.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/regalloc.py
@@ -708,6 +708,18 @@
 
     consider_cast_singlefloat_to_float = consider_cast_int_to_float
 
+    def consider_convert_float_bytes_to_longlong(self, op):
+        if longlong.is_64_bit:
+            loc0 = self.xrm.make_sure_var_in_reg(op.getarg(0))
+            loc1 = self.rm.force_allocate_reg(op.result)
+            self.Perform(op, [loc0], loc1)
+            self.xrm.possibly_free_var(op.getarg(0))
+        else:
+            loc0 = self.xrm.loc(op.getarg(0))
+            loc1 = self.xrm.force_allocate_reg(op.result)
+            self.Perform(op, [loc0], loc1)
+            self.xrm.possibly_free_var(op.getarg(0))
+
     def _consider_llong_binop_xx(self, op):
         # must force both arguments into xmm registers, because we don't
         # know if they will be suitably aligned.  Exception: if the second
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/rx86.py b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/rx86.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/rx86.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/rx86.py
@@ -601,9 +601,12 @@
     CVTSS2SD_xb = xmminsn('\xF3', rex_nw, '\x0F\x5A',
                           register(1, 8), stack_bp(2))
 
-    MOVD_rx = xmminsn('\x66', rex_nw, '\x0F\x7E', register(2, 8), register(1), '\xC0')
-    MOVD_xr = xmminsn('\x66', rex_nw, '\x0F\x6E', register(1, 8), register(2), '\xC0')
-    MOVD_xb = xmminsn('\x66', rex_nw, '\x0F\x6E', register(1, 8), stack_bp(2))
+    # These work on machine sized registers, so MOVD is actually MOVQ
+    # when running on 64 bits.  Note a bug in the Intel documentation:
+    # http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-binutils/2007-07/msg00095.html
+    MOVD_rx = xmminsn('\x66', rex_w, '\x0F\x7E', register(2, 8), register(1), '\xC0')
+    MOVD_xr = xmminsn('\x66', rex_w, '\x0F\x6E', register(1, 8), register(2), '\xC0')
+    MOVD_xb = xmminsn('\x66', rex_w, '\x0F\x6E', register(1, 8), stack_bp(2))
 
     PSRAD_xi = xmminsn('\x66', rex_nw, '\x0F\x72', register(1), '\xE0', immediate(2, 'b'))
 
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/test/test_rx86_32_auto_encoding.py b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/test/test_rx86_32_auto_encoding.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/test/test_rx86_32_auto_encoding.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/test/test_rx86_32_auto_encoding.py
@@ -182,6 +182,12 @@
         filename  = str(testdir.join(FILENAME  % methname))
         g = open(inputname, 'w')
         g.write('\x09.string "%s"\n' % BEGIN_TAG)
+        #
+        if instrname == 'MOVD' and self.WORD == 8:
+            instrname = 'MOVQ'
+            if argmodes == 'xb':
+                py.test.skip('"as" uses an undocumented alternate encoding??')
+        #
         for args in args_lists:
             suffix = ""
     ##        all = instr.as_all_suffixes
@@ -229,9 +235,6 @@
                 # movq $xxx, %rax => movl $xxx, %eax
                 suffix = 'l'
                 ops[1] = reduce_to_32bit(ops[1])
-            if instrname.lower() == 'movd':
-                ops[0] = reduce_to_32bit(ops[0])
-                ops[1] = reduce_to_32bit(ops[1])
             #
             op = '\t%s%s %s%s' % (instrname.lower(), suffix,
                                   ', '.join(ops), following)
diff --git a/pypy/jit/codewriter/jtransform.py b/pypy/jit/codewriter/jtransform.py
--- a/pypy/jit/codewriter/jtransform.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/codewriter/jtransform.py
@@ -291,6 +291,11 @@
         op1 = SpaceOperation('-live-', [], None)
         return [op, op1]
 
+    def _noop_rewrite(self, op):
+        return op
+
+    rewrite_op_convert_float_bytes_to_longlong = _noop_rewrite
+
     # ----------
     # Various kinds of calls
 
diff --git a/pypy/jit/codewriter/test/test_flatten.py b/pypy/jit/codewriter/test/test_flatten.py
--- a/pypy/jit/codewriter/test/test_flatten.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/codewriter/test/test_flatten.py
@@ -968,6 +968,21 @@
             int_return %i2
         """, transform=True)
 
+    def test_convert_float_bytes_to_int(self):
+        from pypy.rlib.longlong2float import float2longlong
+        def f(x):
+            return float2longlong(x)
+        if longlong.is_64_bit:
+            result_var = "%i0"
+            return_op = "int_return"
+        else:
+            result_var = "%f1"
+            return_op = "float_return"
+        self.encoding_test(f, [25.0], """
+            convert_float_bytes_to_longlong %%f0 -> %(result_var)s
+            %(return_op)s %(result_var)s
+        """ % {"result_var": result_var, "return_op": return_op})
+
 
 def check_force_cast(FROM, TO, operations, value):
     """Check that the test is correctly written..."""
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/blackhole.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/blackhole.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/blackhole.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/blackhole.py
@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
+from pypy.jit.codewriter import heaptracker, longlong
+from pypy.jit.codewriter.jitcode import JitCode, SwitchDictDescr
+from pypy.jit.metainterp.compile import ResumeAtPositionDescr
+from pypy.jit.metainterp.jitexc import JitException, get_llexception, reraise
+from pypy.rlib import longlong2float
+from pypy.rlib.debug import debug_start, debug_stop, ll_assert, make_sure_not_resized
+from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import we_are_translated
+from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import intmask, LONG_BIT, r_uint, ovfcheck
+from pypy.rlib.rtimer import read_timestamp
 from pypy.rlib.unroll import unrolling_iterable
-from pypy.rlib.rtimer import read_timestamp
-from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import intmask, LONG_BIT, r_uint, ovfcheck
-from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import we_are_translated
-from pypy.rlib.debug import debug_start, debug_stop, ll_assert
-from pypy.rlib.debug import make_sure_not_resized
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, llmemory, rclass
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem.lloperation import llop
-from pypy.jit.codewriter.jitcode import JitCode, SwitchDictDescr
-from pypy.jit.codewriter import heaptracker, longlong
-from pypy.jit.metainterp.jitexc import JitException, get_llexception, reraise
-from pypy.jit.metainterp.compile import ResumeAtPositionDescr
+
 
 def arguments(*argtypes, **kwds):
     resulttype = kwds.pop('returns', None)
@@ -20,6 +21,9 @@
         return function
     return decorate
 
+LONGLONG_TYPECODE = 'i' if longlong.is_64_bit else 'f'
+
+
 class LeaveFrame(JitException):
     pass
 
@@ -663,6 +667,11 @@
         a = float(a)
         return longlong.getfloatstorage(a)
 
+    @arguments("f", returns=LONGLONG_TYPECODE)
+    def bhimpl_convert_float_bytes_to_longlong(a):
+        a = longlong.getrealfloat(a)
+        return longlong2float.float2longlong(a)
+
     # ----------
     # control flow operations
 
@@ -1309,7 +1318,7 @@
     def bhimpl_copyunicodecontent(cpu, src, dst, srcstart, dststart, length):
         cpu.bh_copyunicodecontent(src, dst, srcstart, dststart, length)
 
-    @arguments(returns=(longlong.is_64_bit and "i" or "f"))
+    @arguments(returns=LONGLONG_TYPECODE)
     def bhimpl_ll_read_timestamp():
         return read_timestamp()
 
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/pyjitpl.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/pyjitpl.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/pyjitpl.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/pyjitpl.py
@@ -223,6 +223,7 @@
                     'cast_float_to_singlefloat', 'cast_singlefloat_to_float',
                     'float_neg', 'float_abs',
                     'cast_ptr_to_int', 'cast_int_to_ptr',
+                    'convert_float_bytes_to_longlong',
                     ]:
         exec py.code.Source('''
             @arguments("box")
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/resoperation.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/resoperation.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/resoperation.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/resoperation.py
@@ -419,6 +419,7 @@
     'CAST_INT_TO_FLOAT/1',          # need some messy code in the backend
     'CAST_FLOAT_TO_SINGLEFLOAT/1',
     'CAST_SINGLEFLOAT_TO_FLOAT/1',
+    'CONVERT_FLOAT_BYTES_TO_LONGLONG/1',
     #
     'INT_LT/2b',
     'INT_LE/2b',
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_ajit.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_ajit.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_ajit.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_ajit.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 import py
 
 from pypy import conftest
+from pypy.jit.codewriter import longlong
 from pypy.jit.codewriter.policy import JitPolicy, StopAtXPolicy
 from pypy.jit.metainterp import pyjitpl, history
 from pypy.jit.metainterp.optimizeopt import ALL_OPTS_DICT
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@
     loop_invariant, elidable, promote, jit_debug, assert_green,
     AssertGreenFailed, unroll_safe, current_trace_length, look_inside_iff,
     isconstant, isvirtual, promote_string, set_param, record_known_class)
+from pypy.rlib.longlong2float import float2longlong
 from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import ovfcheck, is_valid_int
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, llmemory, rffi
 from pypy.rpython.ootypesystem import ootype
@@ -292,7 +294,7 @@
         assert res == f(6, sys.maxint, 32, 48)
         res = self.meta_interp(f, [sys.maxint, 6, 32, 48])
         assert res == f(sys.maxint, 6, 32, 48)
-        
+
 
     def test_loop_invariant_intbox(self):
         myjitdriver = JitDriver(greens = [], reds = ['y', 'res', 'x'])
@@ -953,7 +955,7 @@
         self.meta_interp(f, [20], repeat=7)
         # the loop and the entry path as a single trace
         self.check_jitcell_token_count(1)
-        
+
         # we get:
         #    ENTER             - compile the new loop and the entry bridge
         #    ENTER             - compile the leaving path
@@ -1470,7 +1472,7 @@
         assert res == f(299)
         self.check_resops(guard_class=0, guard_nonnull=4,
                           guard_nonnull_class=4, guard_isnull=2)
-        
+
 
     def test_merge_guardnonnull_guardvalue(self):
         from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import instantiate
@@ -1499,7 +1501,7 @@
         assert res == f(299)
         self.check_resops(guard_value=4, guard_class=0, guard_nonnull=4,
                           guard_nonnull_class=0, guard_isnull=2)
-        
+
 
     def test_merge_guardnonnull_guardvalue_2(self):
         from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import instantiate
@@ -1528,7 +1530,7 @@
         assert res == f(299)
         self.check_resops(guard_value=4, guard_class=0, guard_nonnull=4,
                           guard_nonnull_class=0, guard_isnull=2)
-        
+
 
     def test_merge_guardnonnull_guardclass_guardvalue(self):
         from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import instantiate
@@ -2636,7 +2638,7 @@
             return sa
         assert self.meta_interp(f, [20]) == f(20)
         self.check_resops(int_lt=6, int_le=2, int_ge=4, int_gt=3)
-        
+
 
     def test_intbounds_not_generalized2(self):
         myjitdriver = JitDriver(greens = [], reds = ['n', 'i', 'sa', 'node'])
@@ -2677,7 +2679,7 @@
         assert self.meta_interp(f, [20, 3]) == f(20, 3)
         self.check_jitcell_token_count(1)
         self.check_target_token_count(5)
-        
+
     def test_max_retrace_guards(self):
         myjitdriver = JitDriver(greens = [], reds = ['n', 'i', 'sa', 'a'])
 
@@ -2815,7 +2817,7 @@
         for cell in get_stats().get_all_jitcell_tokens():
             # Initialal trace with two labels and 5 retraces
             assert len(cell.target_tokens) <= 7
-            
+
     def test_nested_retrace(self):
 
         myjitdriver = JitDriver(greens = ['pc'], reds = ['n', 'a', 'i', 'j', 'sa'])
@@ -3793,6 +3795,16 @@
         res = self.interp_operations(g, [1])
         assert res == 3
 
+    def test_float2longlong(self):
+        def f(n):
+            return float2longlong(n)
+
+        for x in [2.5, float("nan"), -2.5, float("inf")]:
+            # There are tests elsewhere to verify the correctness of this.
+            expected = float2longlong(x)
+            res = self.interp_operations(f, [x])
+            assert longlong.getfloatstorage(res) == expected
+
 
 class TestLLtype(BaseLLtypeTests, LLJitMixin):
     def test_tagged(self):
diff --git a/pypy/module/__builtin__/interp_memoryview.py b/pypy/module/__builtin__/interp_memoryview.py
--- a/pypy/module/__builtin__/interp_memoryview.py
+++ b/pypy/module/__builtin__/interp_memoryview.py
@@ -69,6 +69,10 @@
         return W_MemoryView(buf)
 
     def descr_buffer(self, space):
+        """Note that memoryview() objects in PyPy support buffer(), whereas
+        not in CPython; but CPython supports passing memoryview() to most
+        built-in functions that accept buffers, with the notable exception
+        of the buffer() built-in."""
         return space.wrap(self.buf)
 
     def descr_tobytes(self, space):
diff --git a/pypy/module/_ast/test/test_ast.py b/pypy/module/_ast/test/test_ast.py
--- a/pypy/module/_ast/test/test_ast.py
+++ b/pypy/module/_ast/test/test_ast.py
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 import py
-
+from pypy.conftest import gettestobjspace
 
 class AppTestAST:
 
     def setup_class(cls):
+        cls.space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=['struct'])
         cls.w_ast = cls.space.appexec([], """():
     import _ast
     return _ast""")
diff --git a/pypy/module/_codecs/test/test_codecs.py b/pypy/module/_codecs/test/test_codecs.py
--- a/pypy/module/_codecs/test/test_codecs.py
+++ b/pypy/module/_codecs/test/test_codecs.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 class AppTestCodecs:
     def setup_class(cls):
-        space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=('unicodedata',))
+        space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=('unicodedata', 'struct'))
         cls.space = space
 
     def test_register_noncallable(self):
diff --git a/pypy/module/_continuation/test/test_zpickle.py b/pypy/module/_continuation/test/test_zpickle.py
--- a/pypy/module/_continuation/test/test_zpickle.py
+++ b/pypy/module/_continuation/test/test_zpickle.py
@@ -106,8 +106,9 @@
     version = 0
 
     def setup_class(cls):
-        cls.space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=('_continuation',),
+        cls.space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=('_continuation', 'struct'),
                                     CALL_METHOD=True)
+        cls.space.config.translation.continuation = True
         cls.space.appexec([], """():
             global continulet, A, __name__
 
diff --git a/pypy/module/_hashlib/test/test_hashlib.py b/pypy/module/_hashlib/test/test_hashlib.py
--- a/pypy/module/_hashlib/test/test_hashlib.py
+++ b/pypy/module/_hashlib/test/test_hashlib.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 class AppTestHashlib:
     def setup_class(cls):
-        cls.space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=['_hashlib'])
+        cls.space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=['_hashlib', 'array', 'struct'])
 
     def test_simple(self):
         import _hashlib
diff --git a/pypy/module/_io/test/test_io.py b/pypy/module/_io/test/test_io.py
--- a/pypy/module/_io/test/test_io.py
+++ b/pypy/module/_io/test/test_io.py
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@
 
 class AppTestOpen:
     def setup_class(cls):
-        cls.space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=['_io', '_locale'])
+        cls.space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=['_io', '_locale', 'array', 'struct'])
         tmpfile = udir.join('tmpfile').ensure()
         cls.w_tmpfile = cls.space.wrap(str(tmpfile))
 
diff --git a/pypy/module/_multiprocessing/test/test_connection.py b/pypy/module/_multiprocessing/test/test_connection.py
--- a/pypy/module/_multiprocessing/test/test_connection.py
+++ b/pypy/module/_multiprocessing/test/test_connection.py
@@ -92,7 +92,8 @@
 
 class AppTestSocketConnection(BaseConnectionTest):
     def setup_class(cls):
-        space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=('_multiprocessing', 'thread', 'signal'))
+        space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=('_multiprocessing', 'thread', 'signal',
+                                            'struct', 'array'))
         cls.space = space
         cls.w_connections = space.newlist([])
 
diff --git a/pypy/module/_socket/test/test_sock_app.py b/pypy/module/_socket/test/test_sock_app.py
--- a/pypy/module/_socket/test/test_sock_app.py
+++ b/pypy/module/_socket/test/test_sock_app.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, rffi
 
 def setup_module(mod):
-    mod.space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=['_socket', 'array'])
+    mod.space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=['_socket', 'array', 'struct'])
     global socket
     import socket
     mod.w_socket = space.appexec([], "(): import _socket as m; return m")
@@ -372,10 +372,9 @@
     def test_socket_connect(self):
         import _socket, os
         s = _socket.socket(_socket.AF_INET, _socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0)
-        # XXX temporarily we use python.org to test, will have more robust tests
-        # in the absence of a network connection later when more parts of the
-        # socket API are implemented.  Currently skip the test if there is no
-        # connection.
+        # it would be nice to have a test which works even if there is no
+        # network connection. However, this one is "good enough" for now. Skip
+        # it if there is no connection.
         try:
             s.connect(("www.python.org", 80))
         except _socket.gaierror, ex:
diff --git a/pypy/module/_ssl/test/test_ssl.py b/pypy/module/_ssl/test/test_ssl.py
--- a/pypy/module/_ssl/test/test_ssl.py
+++ b/pypy/module/_ssl/test/test_ssl.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 from pypy.conftest import gettestobjspace
 import os
 import py
-from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import is_valid_int
 
 
 class AppTestSSL:
@@ -31,7 +30,6 @@
         assert isinstance(_ssl.SSL_ERROR_EOF, int)
         assert isinstance(_ssl.SSL_ERROR_INVALID_ERROR_CODE, int)
 
-        assert is_valid_int(_ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER)
         assert isinstance(_ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_INFO, tuple)
         assert len(_ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_INFO) == 5
         assert isinstance(_ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION, str)
@@ -92,7 +90,7 @@
 
 class AppTestConnectedSSL:
     def setup_class(cls):
-        space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=('_ssl', '_socket'))
+        space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=('_ssl', '_socket', 'struct'))
         cls.space = space
 
     def setup_method(self, method):
@@ -181,7 +179,7 @@
     # to exercise the poll() calls
 
     def setup_class(cls):
-        space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=('_ssl', '_socket'))
+        space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=('_ssl', '_socket', 'struct'))
         cls.space = space
         cls.space.appexec([], """():
             import socket; socket.setdefaulttimeout(1)
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/conftest.py b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/conftest.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/conftest.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/conftest.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
     return False
 
 def pytest_funcarg__space(request):
-    return gettestobjspace(usemodules=['cpyext', 'thread', '_rawffi'])
+    return gettestobjspace(usemodules=['cpyext', 'thread', '_rawffi', 'array'])
 
 def pytest_funcarg__api(request):
     return request.cls.api
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_api.py b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_api.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_api.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_api.py
@@ -19,7 +19,8 @@
 
 class BaseApiTest(LeakCheckingTest):
     def setup_class(cls):
-        cls.space = space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=['cpyext', 'thread', '_rawffi'])
+        cls.space = space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=['cpyext', 'thread', '_rawffi',
+                                                        'array'])
 
         # warm up reference counts:
         # - the posix module allocates a HCRYPTPROV on Windows
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_arraymodule.py b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_arraymodule.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_arraymodule.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_arraymodule.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from pypy.conftest import gettestobjspace
 from pypy.module.cpyext.test.test_cpyext import AppTestCpythonExtensionBase
 
 import py
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_cpyext.py b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_cpyext.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_cpyext.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_cpyext.py
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 
 class AppTestApi:
     def setup_class(cls):
-        cls.space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=['cpyext', 'thread', '_rawffi'])
+        cls.space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=['cpyext', 'thread', '_rawffi', 'array'])
         from pypy.rlib.libffi import get_libc_name
         cls.w_libc = cls.space.wrap(get_libc_name())
 
@@ -165,8 +165,9 @@
         return leaking
 
 class AppTestCpythonExtensionBase(LeakCheckingTest):
+    
     def setup_class(cls):
-        cls.space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=['cpyext', 'thread', '_rawffi'])
+        cls.space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=['cpyext', 'thread', '_rawffi', 'array'])
         cls.space.getbuiltinmodule("cpyext")
         from pypy.module.imp.importing import importhook
         importhook(cls.space, "os") # warm up reference counts
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_import.py b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_import.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_import.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_import.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
                                          space.wrap('__name__'))) == 'foobar'
 
     def test_getmoduledict(self, space, api):
-        testmod = "binascii"
+        testmod = "_functools"
         w_pre_dict = api.PyImport_GetModuleDict()
         assert not space.is_true(space.contains(w_pre_dict, space.wrap(testmod)))
 
diff --git a/pypy/module/fcntl/test/test_fcntl.py b/pypy/module/fcntl/test/test_fcntl.py
--- a/pypy/module/fcntl/test/test_fcntl.py
+++ b/pypy/module/fcntl/test/test_fcntl.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 
 class AppTestFcntl:
     def setup_class(cls):
-        space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=('fcntl', 'array'))
+        space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=('fcntl', 'array', 'struct'))
         cls.space = space
         tmpprefix = str(udir.ensure('test_fcntl', dir=1).join('tmp_'))
         cls.w_tmp = space.wrap(tmpprefix)
diff --git a/pypy/module/imp/test/test_import.py b/pypy/module/imp/test/test_import.py
--- a/pypy/module/imp/test/test_import.py
+++ b/pypy/module/imp/test/test_import.py
@@ -987,6 +987,10 @@
             os.environ['LANG'] = oldlang
 
 class AppTestImportHooks(object):
+
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        cls.space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=('struct',))
+    
     def test_meta_path(self):
         tried_imports = []
         class Importer(object):
diff --git a/pypy/module/itertools/test/test_itertools.py b/pypy/module/itertools/test/test_itertools.py
--- a/pypy/module/itertools/test/test_itertools.py
+++ b/pypy/module/itertools/test/test_itertools.py
@@ -891,7 +891,7 @@
 
 class AppTestItertools27:
     def setup_class(cls):
-        cls.space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=['itertools'])
+        cls.space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=['itertools', 'struct'])
         if cls.space.is_true(cls.space.appexec([], """():
             import sys; return sys.version_info < (2, 7)
             """)):
diff --git a/pypy/module/marshal/test/make_test_marshal.py b/pypy/module/marshal/test/make_test_marshal.py
deleted file mode 100644
--- a/pypy/module/marshal/test/make_test_marshal.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
-
-TESTCASES = """\
-    None
-    False
-    True
-    StopIteration
-    Ellipsis
-    42
-    -17
-    sys.maxint
-    -1.25
-    -1.25 #2
-    2+5j
-    2+5j #2
-    42L
-    -1234567890123456789012345678901234567890L
-    hello   # not interned
-    "hello"
-    ()
-    (1, 2)
-    []
-    [3, 4]
-    {}
-    {5: 6, 7: 8}
-    func.func_code
-    scopefunc.func_code
-    u'hello'
-    set()
-    set([1, 2])
-    frozenset()
-    frozenset([3, 4])
-""".strip().split('\n')
-
-def readable(s):
-    for c, repl in (
-        ("'", '_quote_'), ('"', '_Quote_'), (':', '_colon_'), ('.', '_dot_'),
-        ('[', '_list_'), (']', '_tsil_'), ('{', '_dict_'), ('}', '_tcid_'),
-        ('-', '_minus_'), ('+', '_plus_'),
-        (',', '_comma_'), ('(', '_brace_'), (')', '_ecarb_') ):
-        s = s.replace(c, repl)
-    lis = list(s)
-    for i, c in enumerate(lis):
-        if c.isalnum() or c == '_':
-            continue
-        lis[i] = '_'
-    return ''.join(lis)
-
-print """class AppTestMarshal:
-"""
-for line in TESTCASES:
-    line = line.strip()
-    name = readable(line)
-    version = ''
-    extra = ''
-    if line.endswith('#2'):
-        version = ', 2'
-        extra = '; assert len(s) in (9, 17)'
-    src = '''\
-    def test_%(name)s(self):
-        import sys
-        hello = "he"
-        hello += "llo"
-        def func(x):
-            return lambda y: x+y
-        scopefunc = func(42)
-        import marshal, StringIO
-        case = %(line)s
-        print "case: %%-30s   func=%(name)s" %% (case, )
-        s = marshal.dumps(case%(version)s)%(extra)s
-        x = marshal.loads(s)
-        assert x == case
-        f = StringIO.StringIO()
-        marshal.dump(case, f)
-        f.seek(0)
-        x = marshal.load(f)
-        assert x == case
-''' % {'name': name, 'line': line, 'version' : version, 'extra': extra}
-    print src
diff --git a/pypy/module/math/test/test_math.py b/pypy/module/math/test/test_math.py
--- a/pypy/module/math/test/test_math.py
+++ b/pypy/module/math/test/test_math.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 class AppTestMath:
     def setup_class(cls):
-        cls.space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=['math'])
+        cls.space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=['math', 'struct'])
         cls.w_cases = cls.space.wrap(test_direct.MathTests.TESTCASES)
         cls.w_consistent_host = cls.space.wrap(test_direct.consistent_host)
 
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/__init__.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/__init__.py
--- a/pypy/module/micronumpy/__init__.py
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/__init__.py
@@ -37,26 +37,44 @@
         'True_': 'types.Bool.True',
         'False_': 'types.Bool.False',
 
+        'typeinfo': 'interp_dtype.get_dtype_cache(space).w_typeinfo',
+
         'generic': 'interp_boxes.W_GenericBox',
         'number': 'interp_boxes.W_NumberBox',
         'integer': 'interp_boxes.W_IntegerBox',
         'signedinteger': 'interp_boxes.W_SignedIntegerBox',
         'unsignedinteger': 'interp_boxes.W_UnsignedIntegerBox',
         'bool_': 'interp_boxes.W_BoolBox',
+        'bool8': 'interp_boxes.W_BoolBox',
         'int8': 'interp_boxes.W_Int8Box',
+        'byte': 'interp_boxes.W_Int8Box',
         'uint8': 'interp_boxes.W_UInt8Box',
+        'ubyte': 'interp_boxes.W_UInt8Box',
         'int16': 'interp_boxes.W_Int16Box',
+        'short': 'interp_boxes.W_Int16Box',
         'uint16': 'interp_boxes.W_UInt16Box',
+        'ushort': 'interp_boxes.W_UInt16Box',
         'int32': 'interp_boxes.W_Int32Box',
+        'intc': 'interp_boxes.W_Int32Box',
         'uint32': 'interp_boxes.W_UInt32Box',
+        'uintc': 'interp_boxes.W_UInt32Box',
         'int64': 'interp_boxes.W_Int64Box',
         'uint64': 'interp_boxes.W_UInt64Box',
+        'longlong': 'interp_boxes.W_LongLongBox',
+        'ulonglong': 'interp_boxes.W_ULongLongBox',
         'int_': 'interp_boxes.W_LongBox',
         'inexact': 'interp_boxes.W_InexactBox',
         'floating': 'interp_boxes.W_FloatingBox',
         'float_': 'interp_boxes.W_Float64Box',
         'float32': 'interp_boxes.W_Float32Box',
         'float64': 'interp_boxes.W_Float64Box',
+        'intp': 'types.IntP.BoxType',
+        'uintp': 'types.UIntP.BoxType',
+        'flexible': 'interp_boxes.W_FlexibleBox',
+        'character': 'interp_boxes.W_CharacterBox',
+        'str_': 'interp_boxes.W_StringBox',
+        'unicode_': 'interp_boxes.W_UnicodeBox',
+        'void': 'interp_boxes.W_VoidBox',
     }
 
     # ufuncs
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/compile.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/compile.py
--- a/pypy/module/micronumpy/compile.py
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/compile.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
     pass
 
 SINGLE_ARG_FUNCTIONS = ["sum", "prod", "max", "min", "all", "any",
-                        "unegative", "flat"]
+                        "unegative", "flat", "tostring"]
 TWO_ARG_FUNCTIONS = ["dot", 'take']
 
 class FakeSpace(object):
@@ -51,6 +51,8 @@
     w_long = "long"
     w_tuple = 'tuple'
     w_slice = "slice"
+    w_str = "str"
+    w_unicode = "unicode"
 
     def __init__(self):
         """NOT_RPYTHON"""
@@ -91,8 +93,12 @@
             return BoolObject(obj)
         elif isinstance(obj, int):
             return IntObject(obj)
+        elif isinstance(obj, long):
+            return LongObject(obj)
         elif isinstance(obj, W_Root):
             return obj
+        elif isinstance(obj, str):
+            return StringObject(obj)
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     def newlist(self, items):
@@ -120,6 +126,11 @@
             return int(w_obj.floatval)
         raise NotImplementedError
 
+    def str_w(self, w_obj):
+        if isinstance(w_obj, StringObject):
+            return w_obj.v
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
     def int(self, w_obj):
         if isinstance(w_obj, IntObject):
             return w_obj
@@ -151,7 +162,13 @@
         return instantiate(klass)
 
     def newtuple(self, list_w):
-        raise ValueError
+        return ListObject(list_w)
+
+    def newdict(self):
+        return {}
+
+    def setitem(self, dict, item, value):
+        dict[item] = value
 
     def len_w(self, w_obj):
         if isinstance(w_obj, ListObject):
@@ -178,6 +195,11 @@
     def __init__(self, intval):
         self.intval = intval
 
+class LongObject(W_Root):
+    tp = FakeSpace.w_long
+    def __init__(self, intval):
+        self.intval = intval
+
 class ListObject(W_Root):
     tp = FakeSpace.w_list
     def __init__(self, items):
@@ -190,6 +212,11 @@
         self.stop = stop
         self.step = step
 
+class StringObject(W_Root):
+    tp = FakeSpace.w_str
+    def __init__(self, v):
+        self.v = v
+
 class InterpreterState(object):
     def __init__(self, code):
         self.code = code
@@ -407,6 +434,9 @@
                 w_res = neg.call(interp.space, [arr])
             elif self.name == "flat":
                 w_res = arr.descr_get_flatiter(interp.space)
+            elif self.name == "tostring":
+                arr.descr_tostring(interp.space)
+                w_res = None
             else:
                 assert False # unreachable code
         elif self.name in TWO_ARG_FUNCTIONS:
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_boxes.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_boxes.py
--- a/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_boxes.py
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_boxes.py
@@ -1,24 +1,25 @@
 from pypy.interpreter.baseobjspace import Wrappable
-from pypy.interpreter.error import operationerrfmt
+from pypy.interpreter.error import operationerrfmt, OperationError
 from pypy.interpreter.gateway import interp2app, unwrap_spec
 from pypy.interpreter.typedef import TypeDef
 from pypy.objspace.std.floattype import float_typedef
+from pypy.objspace.std.stringtype import str_typedef
+from pypy.objspace.std.unicodetype import unicode_typedef, unicode_from_object
 from pypy.objspace.std.inttype import int_typedef
 from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import LONG_BIT
 from pypy.tool.sourcetools import func_with_new_name
 
-
 MIXIN_32 = (int_typedef,) if LONG_BIT == 32 else ()
 MIXIN_64 = (int_typedef,) if LONG_BIT == 64 else ()
 
 def new_dtype_getter(name):
-    def get_dtype(space):
+    def _get_dtype(space):
         from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_dtype import get_dtype_cache
         return getattr(get_dtype_cache(space), "w_%sdtype" % name)
     def new(space, w_subtype, w_value):
-        dtype = get_dtype(space)
+        dtype = _get_dtype(space)
         return dtype.itemtype.coerce_subtype(space, w_subtype, w_value)
-    return func_with_new_name(new, name + "_box_new"), staticmethod(get_dtype)
+    return func_with_new_name(new, name + "_box_new"), staticmethod(_get_dtype)
 
 class PrimitiveBox(object):
     _mixin_ = True
@@ -37,6 +38,9 @@
             w_subtype.getname(space, '?')
         )
 
+    def get_dtype(self, space):
+        return self._get_dtype(space)
+
     def descr_str(self, space):
         return space.wrap(self.get_dtype(space).itemtype.str_format(self))
 
@@ -44,12 +48,12 @@
         return space.format(self.item(space), w_spec)
 
     def descr_int(self, space):
-        box = self.convert_to(W_LongBox.get_dtype(space))
+        box = self.convert_to(W_LongBox._get_dtype(space))
         assert isinstance(box, W_LongBox)
         return space.wrap(box.value)
 
     def descr_float(self, space):
-        box = self.convert_to(W_Float64Box.get_dtype(space))
+        box = self.convert_to(W_Float64Box._get_dtype(space))
         assert isinstance(box, W_Float64Box)
         return space.wrap(box.value)
 
@@ -130,7 +134,7 @@
 
 
 class W_BoolBox(W_GenericBox, PrimitiveBox):
-    descr__new__, get_dtype = new_dtype_getter("bool")
+    descr__new__, _get_dtype = new_dtype_getter("bool")
 
 class W_NumberBox(W_GenericBox):
     _attrs_ = ()
@@ -146,34 +150,40 @@
     pass
 
 class W_Int8Box(W_SignedIntegerBox, PrimitiveBox):
-    descr__new__, get_dtype = new_dtype_getter("int8")
+    descr__new__, _get_dtype = new_dtype_getter("int8")
 
 class W_UInt8Box(W_UnsignedIntegerBox, PrimitiveBox):
-    descr__new__, get_dtype = new_dtype_getter("uint8")
+    descr__new__, _get_dtype = new_dtype_getter("uint8")
 
 class W_Int16Box(W_SignedIntegerBox, PrimitiveBox):
-    descr__new__, get_dtype = new_dtype_getter("int16")
+    descr__new__, _get_dtype = new_dtype_getter("int16")
 
 class W_UInt16Box(W_UnsignedIntegerBox, PrimitiveBox):
-    descr__new__, get_dtype = new_dtype_getter("uint16")
+    descr__new__, _get_dtype = new_dtype_getter("uint16")
 
 class W_Int32Box(W_SignedIntegerBox, PrimitiveBox):
-    descr__new__, get_dtype = new_dtype_getter("int32")
+    descr__new__, _get_dtype = new_dtype_getter("int32")
 
 class W_UInt32Box(W_UnsignedIntegerBox, PrimitiveBox):
-    descr__new__, get_dtype = new_dtype_getter("uint32")
+    descr__new__, _get_dtype = new_dtype_getter("uint32")
 
 class W_LongBox(W_SignedIntegerBox, PrimitiveBox):
-    descr__new__, get_dtype = new_dtype_getter("long")
+    descr__new__, _get_dtype = new_dtype_getter("long")
 
 class W_ULongBox(W_UnsignedIntegerBox, PrimitiveBox):
-    descr__new__, get_dtype = new_dtype_getter("ulong")
+    descr__new__, _get_dtype = new_dtype_getter("ulong")
 
 class W_Int64Box(W_SignedIntegerBox, PrimitiveBox):
-    descr__new__, get_dtype = new_dtype_getter("int64")
+    descr__new__, _get_dtype = new_dtype_getter("int64")
+
+class W_LongLongBox(W_SignedIntegerBox, PrimitiveBox):
+    descr__new__, _get_dtype = new_dtype_getter('longlong')
 
 class W_UInt64Box(W_UnsignedIntegerBox, PrimitiveBox):
-    descr__new__, get_dtype = new_dtype_getter("uint64")
+    descr__new__, _get_dtype = new_dtype_getter("uint64")
+
+class W_ULongLongBox(W_SignedIntegerBox, PrimitiveBox):
+    descr__new__, _get_dtype = new_dtype_getter('ulonglong')
 
 class W_InexactBox(W_NumberBox):
     _attrs_ = ()
@@ -182,16 +192,71 @@
     _attrs_ = ()
 
 class W_Float32Box(W_FloatingBox, PrimitiveBox):
-    descr__new__, get_dtype = new_dtype_getter("float32")
+    descr__new__, _get_dtype = new_dtype_getter("float32")
 
 class W_Float64Box(W_FloatingBox, PrimitiveBox):
-    descr__new__, get_dtype = new_dtype_getter("float64")
+    descr__new__, _get_dtype = new_dtype_getter("float64")
 
 
+class W_FlexibleBox(W_GenericBox):
+    def __init__(self, arr, ofs, dtype):
+        self.arr = arr # we have to keep array alive
+        self.ofs = ofs
+        self.dtype = dtype
+
+    def get_dtype(self, space):
+        return self.arr.dtype
+
 @unwrap_spec(self=W_GenericBox)
 def descr_index(space, self):
     return space.index(self.item(space))
 
+class W_VoidBox(W_FlexibleBox):
+    @unwrap_spec(item=str)
+    def descr_getitem(self, space, item):
+        try:
+            ofs, dtype = self.dtype.fields[item]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_IndexError,
+                                 space.wrap("Field %s does not exist" % item))
+        return dtype.itemtype.read(self.arr, 1, self.ofs, ofs, dtype)
+
+    @unwrap_spec(item=str)
+    def descr_setitem(self, space, item, w_value):
+        try:
+            ofs, dtype = self.dtype.fields[item]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_IndexError,
+                                 space.wrap("Field %s does not exist" % item))
+        dtype.itemtype.store(self.arr, 1, self.ofs, ofs,
+                             dtype.coerce(space, w_value))
+
+class W_CharacterBox(W_FlexibleBox):
+    pass
+
+class W_StringBox(W_CharacterBox):
+    def descr__new__string_box(space, w_subtype, w_arg):
+        from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_numarray import W_NDimArray
+        from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_dtype import new_string_dtype
+
+        arg = space.str_w(space.str(w_arg))
+        arr = W_NDimArray([1], new_string_dtype(space, len(arg)))
+        for i in range(len(arg)):
+            arr.storage[i] = arg[i]
+        return W_StringBox(arr, 0, arr.dtype)
+
+
+class W_UnicodeBox(W_CharacterBox):
+    def descr__new__unicode_box(space, w_subtype, w_arg):
+        from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_numarray import W_NDimArray
+        from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_dtype import new_unicode_dtype
+
+        arg = space.unicode_w(unicode_from_object(space, w_arg))
+        arr = W_NDimArray([1], new_unicode_dtype(space, len(arg)))
+        # XXX not this way, we need store
+        #for i in range(len(arg)):
+        #    arr.storage[i] = arg[i]
+        return W_UnicodeBox(arr, 0, arr.dtype)
 
 W_GenericBox.typedef = TypeDef("generic",
     __module__ = "numpypy",
@@ -348,3 +413,28 @@
     __new__ = interp2app(W_Float64Box.descr__new__.im_func),
 )
 
+
+W_FlexibleBox.typedef = TypeDef("flexible", W_GenericBox.typedef,
+    __module__ = "numpypy",
+)
+
+W_VoidBox.typedef = TypeDef("void", W_FlexibleBox.typedef,
+    __module__ = "numpypy",
+    __getitem__ = interp2app(W_VoidBox.descr_getitem),
+    __setitem__ = interp2app(W_VoidBox.descr_setitem),
+)
+
+W_CharacterBox.typedef = TypeDef("character", W_FlexibleBox.typedef,
+    __module__ = "numpypy",
+)
+
+W_StringBox.typedef = TypeDef("string_", (str_typedef, W_CharacterBox.typedef),
+    __module__ = "numpypy",
+    __new__ = interp2app(W_StringBox.descr__new__string_box.im_func),
+)
+
+W_UnicodeBox.typedef = TypeDef("unicode_", (unicode_typedef, W_CharacterBox.typedef),
+    __module__ = "numpypy",
+    __new__ = interp2app(W_UnicodeBox.descr__new__unicode_box.im_func),
+)
+                                          
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_dtype.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_dtype.py
--- a/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_dtype.py
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_dtype.py
@@ -1,26 +1,29 @@
+
+import sys
 from pypy.interpreter.baseobjspace import Wrappable
 from pypy.interpreter.error import OperationError
-from pypy.interpreter.gateway import interp2app
+from pypy.interpreter.gateway import interp2app, unwrap_spec
 from pypy.interpreter.typedef import (TypeDef, GetSetProperty,
     interp_attrproperty, interp_attrproperty_w)
-from pypy.module.micronumpy import types, signature, interp_boxes
+from pypy.module.micronumpy import types, interp_boxes
 from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import specialize
-from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import LONG_BIT
-from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, rffi
+from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import LONG_BIT, r_longlong, r_ulonglong
 
 
 UNSIGNEDLTR = "u"
 SIGNEDLTR = "i"
 BOOLLTR = "b"
 FLOATINGLTR = "f"
-
-
-VOID_STORAGE = lltype.Array(lltype.Char, hints={'nolength': True, 'render_as_void': True})
+VOIDLTR = 'V'
+STRINGLTR = 'S'
+UNICODELTR = 'U'
 
 class W_Dtype(Wrappable):
     _immutable_fields_ = ["itemtype", "num", "kind"]
 
-    def __init__(self, itemtype, num, kind, name, char, w_box_type, alternate_constructors=[], aliases=[]):
+    def __init__(self, itemtype, num, kind, name, char, w_box_type,
+                 alternate_constructors=[], aliases=[],
+                 fields=None, fieldnames=None, native=True):
         self.itemtype = itemtype
         self.num = num
         self.kind = kind
@@ -29,53 +32,28 @@
         self.w_box_type = w_box_type
         self.alternate_constructors = alternate_constructors
         self.aliases = aliases
-
-    def malloc(self, length):
-        # XXX find out why test_zjit explodes with tracking of allocations
-        return lltype.malloc(VOID_STORAGE, self.itemtype.get_element_size() * length,
-            zero=True, flavor="raw",
-            track_allocation=False, add_memory_pressure=True
-        )
+        self.fields = fields
+        self.fieldnames = fieldnames
+        self.native = native
 
     @specialize.argtype(1)
     def box(self, value):
         return self.itemtype.box(value)
 
     def coerce(self, space, w_item):
-        return self.itemtype.coerce(space, w_item)
+        return self.itemtype.coerce(space, self, w_item)
 
-    def getitem(self, storage, i):
-        return self.itemtype.read(storage, self.itemtype.get_element_size(), i, 0)
+    def getitem(self, arr, i):
+        return self.itemtype.read(arr, 1, i, 0)
 
-    def getitem_bool(self, storage, i):
-        isize = self.itemtype.get_element_size()
-        return self.itemtype.read_bool(storage, isize, i, 0)
+    def getitem_bool(self, arr, i):
+        return self.itemtype.read_bool(arr, 1, i, 0)
 
-    def setitem(self, storage, i, box):
-        self.itemtype.store(storage, self.itemtype.get_element_size(), i, 0, box)
+    def setitem(self, arr, i, box):
+        self.itemtype.store(arr, 1, i, 0, box)
 
     def fill(self, storage, box, start, stop):
-        self.itemtype.fill(storage, self.itemtype.get_element_size(), box, start, stop, 0)
-
-    def descr__new__(space, w_subtype, w_dtype):
-        cache = get_dtype_cache(space)
-
-        if space.is_w(w_dtype, space.w_None):
-            return cache.w_float64dtype
-        elif space.isinstance_w(w_dtype, w_subtype):
-            return w_dtype
-        elif space.isinstance_w(w_dtype, space.w_str):
-            name = space.str_w(w_dtype)
-            for dtype in cache.builtin_dtypes:
-                if dtype.name == name or dtype.char == name or name in dtype.aliases:
-                    return dtype
-        else:
-            for dtype in cache.builtin_dtypes:
-                if w_dtype in dtype.alternate_constructors:
-                    return dtype
-                if w_dtype is dtype.w_box_type:
-                    return dtype
-        raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.wrap("data type not understood"))
+        self.itemtype.fill(storage, self.get_size(), box, start, stop, 0)
 
     def descr_str(self, space):
         return space.wrap(self.name)
@@ -86,6 +64,14 @@
     def descr_get_itemsize(self, space):
         return space.wrap(self.itemtype.get_element_size())
 
+    def descr_get_byteorder(self, space):
+        if self.native:
+            return space.wrap('=')
+        return space.wrap(nonnative_byteorder_prefix)
+
+    def descr_get_alignment(self, space):
+        return space.wrap(self.itemtype.alignment)
+
     def descr_get_shape(self, space):
         return space.newtuple([])
 
@@ -99,31 +85,193 @@
     def descr_ne(self, space, w_other):
         return space.wrap(not self.eq(space, w_other))
 
+    def descr_get_fields(self, space):
+        if self.fields is None:
+            return space.w_None
+        w_d = space.newdict()
+        for name, (offset, subdtype) in self.fields.iteritems():
+            space.setitem(w_d, space.wrap(name), space.newtuple([subdtype,
+                                                                 space.wrap(offset)]))
+        return w_d
+
+    def descr_get_names(self, space):
+        if self.fieldnames is None:
+            return space.w_None
+        return space.newtuple([space.wrap(name) for name in self.fieldnames])
+
+    @unwrap_spec(item=str)
+    def descr_getitem(self, space, item):
+        if self.fields is None:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_KeyError, space.wrap("There are no keys in dtypes %s" % self.name))
+        try:
+            return self.fields[item][1]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_KeyError, space.wrap("Field named %s not found" % item))
+
     def is_int_type(self):
         return (self.kind == SIGNEDLTR or self.kind == UNSIGNEDLTR or
                 self.kind == BOOLLTR)
 
+    def is_signed(self):
+        return self.kind == SIGNEDLTR
+
     def is_bool_type(self):
         return self.kind == BOOLLTR
 
+    def is_record_type(self):
+        return self.fields is not None
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        if self.fields is not None:
+            return '<DType %r>' % self.fields
+        return '<DType %r>' % self.itemtype
+
+    def get_size(self):
+        return self.itemtype.get_element_size()
+
+def dtype_from_list(space, w_lst):
+    lst_w = space.listview(w_lst)
+    fields = {}
+    offset = 0
+    ofs_and_items = []
+    fieldnames = []
+    for w_elem in lst_w:
+        w_fldname, w_flddesc = space.fixedview(w_elem, 2)
+        subdtype = descr__new__(space, space.gettypefor(W_Dtype), w_flddesc)
+        fldname = space.str_w(w_fldname)
+        if fldname in fields:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_ValueError, space.wrap("two fields with the same name"))
+        assert isinstance(subdtype, W_Dtype)
+        fields[fldname] = (offset, subdtype)
+        ofs_and_items.append((offset, subdtype.itemtype))
+        offset += subdtype.itemtype.get_element_size()
+        fieldnames.append(fldname)
+    itemtype = types.RecordType(ofs_and_items, offset)
+    return W_Dtype(itemtype, 20, VOIDLTR, "void" + str(8 * itemtype.get_element_size()),
+                   "V", space.gettypefor(interp_boxes.W_VoidBox), fields=fields,
+                   fieldnames=fieldnames)
+
+def dtype_from_dict(space, w_dict):
+    raise OperationError(space.w_NotImplementedError, space.wrap(
+        "dtype from dict"))
+
+def variable_dtype(space, name):
+    if name[0] in '<>=':
+        name = name[1:]
+    char = name[0]
+    if len(name) == 1:
+        size = 0
+    else:
+        try:
+            size = int(name[1:])
+        except ValueError:
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.wrap("data type not understood"))
+    if char == 'S':
+        itemtype = types.StringType(size)
+        basename = 'string'
+        num = 18
+        w_box_type = space.gettypefor(interp_boxes.W_StringBox)
+    elif char == 'V':
+        num = 20
+        basename = 'void'
+        w_box_type = space.gettypefor(interp_boxes.W_VoidBox)
+        raise OperationError(space.w_NotImplementedError, space.wrap(
+            "pure void dtype"))
+    else:
+        assert char == 'U'
+        basename = 'unicode'
+        itemtype = types.UnicodeType(size)
+        num = 19
+        w_box_type = space.gettypefor(interp_boxes.W_UnicodeBox)
+    return W_Dtype(itemtype, num, char,
+                   basename + str(8 * itemtype.get_element_size()),
+                   char, w_box_type)
+
+def dtype_from_spec(space, name):
+        raise OperationError(space.w_NotImplementedError, space.wrap(
+            "dtype from spec"))    
+
+def descr__new__(space, w_subtype, w_dtype):
+    cache = get_dtype_cache(space)
+
+    if space.is_w(w_dtype, space.w_None):
+        return cache.w_float64dtype
+    elif space.isinstance_w(w_dtype, w_subtype):
+        return w_dtype
+    elif space.isinstance_w(w_dtype, space.w_str):
+        name = space.str_w(w_dtype)
+        if ',' in name:
+            return dtype_from_spec(space, name)
+        try:
+            return cache.dtypes_by_name[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+        if name[0] in 'VSU' or name[0] in '<>=' and name[1] in 'VSU':
+            return variable_dtype(space, name)
+    elif space.isinstance_w(w_dtype, space.w_list):
+        return dtype_from_list(space, w_dtype)
+    elif space.isinstance_w(w_dtype, space.w_dict):
+        return dtype_from_dict(space, w_dtype)
+    else:
+        for dtype in cache.builtin_dtypes:
+            if w_dtype in dtype.alternate_constructors:
+                return dtype
+            if w_dtype is dtype.w_box_type:
+                return dtype
+    raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.wrap("data type not understood"))
+
 W_Dtype.typedef = TypeDef("dtype",
     __module__ = "numpypy",
-    __new__ = interp2app(W_Dtype.descr__new__.im_func),
+    __new__ = interp2app(descr__new__),
 
     __str__= interp2app(W_Dtype.descr_str),
     __repr__ = interp2app(W_Dtype.descr_repr),
     __eq__ = interp2app(W_Dtype.descr_eq),
     __ne__ = interp2app(W_Dtype.descr_ne),
+    __getitem__ = interp2app(W_Dtype.descr_getitem),
 
     num = interp_attrproperty("num", cls=W_Dtype),
     kind = interp_attrproperty("kind", cls=W_Dtype),
+    char = interp_attrproperty("char", cls=W_Dtype),
     type = interp_attrproperty_w("w_box_type", cls=W_Dtype),
+    byteorder = GetSetProperty(W_Dtype.descr_get_byteorder),
     itemsize = GetSetProperty(W_Dtype.descr_get_itemsize),
+    alignment = GetSetProperty(W_Dtype.descr_get_alignment),
     shape = GetSetProperty(W_Dtype.descr_get_shape),
     name = interp_attrproperty('name', cls=W_Dtype),
+    fields = GetSetProperty(W_Dtype.descr_get_fields),
+    names = GetSetProperty(W_Dtype.descr_get_names),
 )
 W_Dtype.typedef.acceptable_as_base_class = False
 
+if sys.byteorder == 'little':
+    byteorder_prefix = '<'
+    nonnative_byteorder_prefix = '>'
+else:
+    byteorder_prefix = '>'
+    nonnative_byteorder_prefix = '<'
+
+def new_string_dtype(space, size):
+    return W_Dtype(
+        types.StringType(size),
+        num=18,
+        kind=STRINGLTR,
+        name='string',
+        char='S' + str(size),
+        w_box_type = space.gettypefor(interp_boxes.W_StringBox),
+    )
+
+def new_unicode_dtype(space, size):
+    return W_Dtype(
+        types.UnicodeType(size),
+        num=19,
+        kind=UNICODELTR,
+        name='unicode',
+        char='U' + str(size),
+        w_box_type = space.gettypefor(interp_boxes.W_UnicodeBox),
+    )
+
+
 class DtypeCache(object):
     def __init__(self, space):
         self.w_booldtype = W_Dtype(
@@ -239,18 +387,134 @@
             alternate_constructors=[space.w_float],
             aliases=["float"],
         )
-
+        self.w_stringdtype = W_Dtype(
+            types.StringType(1),
+            num=18,
+            kind=STRINGLTR,
+            name='string',
+            char='S',
+            w_box_type = space.gettypefor(interp_boxes.W_StringBox),
+            alternate_constructors=[space.w_str],
+        )
+        self.w_unicodedtype = W_Dtype(
+            types.UnicodeType(1),
+            num=19,
+            kind=UNICODELTR,
+            name='unicode',
+            char='U',
+            w_box_type = space.gettypefor(interp_boxes.W_UnicodeBox),
+            alternate_constructors=[space.w_unicode],
+        )
+        self.w_voiddtype = W_Dtype(
+            types.VoidType(0),
+            num=20,
+            kind=VOIDLTR,
+            name='void',
+            char='V',
+            w_box_type = space.gettypefor(interp_boxes.W_VoidBox),
+            #alternate_constructors=[space.w_buffer],
+            # XXX no buffer in space
+        )
         self.builtin_dtypes = [
             self.w_booldtype, self.w_int8dtype, self.w_uint8dtype,
             self.w_int16dtype, self.w_uint16dtype, self.w_int32dtype,
             self.w_uint32dtype, self.w_longdtype, self.w_ulongdtype,
-            self.w_int64dtype, self.w_uint64dtype, self.w_float32dtype,
-            self.w_float64dtype
+            self.w_int64dtype, self.w_uint64dtype,
+            self.w_float32dtype,
+            self.w_float64dtype, self.w_stringdtype, self.w_unicodedtype,
+            self.w_voiddtype,
         ]
-        self.dtypes_by_num_bytes = sorted(
+        self.float_dtypes_by_num_bytes = sorted(
             (dtype.itemtype.get_element_size(), dtype)
-            for dtype in self.builtin_dtypes
+            for dtype in [self.w_float32dtype, self.w_float64dtype]
         )
+        self.dtypes_by_name = {}
+        # we reverse, so the stuff with lower numbers override stuff with
+        # higher numbers
+        for dtype in reversed(self.builtin_dtypes):
+            self.dtypes_by_name[dtype.name] = dtype
+            can_name = dtype.kind + str(dtype.itemtype.get_element_size())
+            self.dtypes_by_name[can_name] = dtype
+            self.dtypes_by_name[byteorder_prefix + can_name] = dtype
+            self.dtypes_by_name['=' + can_name] = dtype
+            new_name = nonnative_byteorder_prefix + can_name
+            itemtypename = dtype.itemtype.__class__.__name__
+            itemtype = getattr(types, 'NonNative' + itemtypename)()
+            self.dtypes_by_name[new_name] = W_Dtype(
+                itemtype,
+                dtype.num, dtype.kind, new_name, dtype.char, dtype.w_box_type,
+                native=False)
+            for alias in dtype.aliases:
+                self.dtypes_by_name[alias] = dtype
+            self.dtypes_by_name[dtype.char] = dtype
+
+        typeinfo_full = {
+            'LONGLONG': self.w_int64dtype,
+            'SHORT': self.w_int16dtype,
+            'VOID': self.w_voiddtype,
+            #'LONGDOUBLE':,
+            'UBYTE': self.w_uint8dtype,
+            'UINTP': self.w_ulongdtype,
+            'ULONG': self.w_ulongdtype,
+            'LONG': self.w_longdtype,
+            'UNICODE': self.w_unicodedtype,
+            #'OBJECT',
+            'ULONGLONG': self.w_uint64dtype,
+            'STRING': self.w_stringdtype,
+            #'CDOUBLE',
+            #'DATETIME',
+            'UINT': self.w_uint32dtype,
+            'INTP': self.w_longdtype,
+            #'HALF',
+            'BYTE': self.w_int8dtype,
+            #'CFLOAT': ,
+            #'TIMEDELTA',
+            'INT': self.w_int32dtype,
+            'DOUBLE': self.w_float64dtype,
+            'USHORT': self.w_uint16dtype,
+            'FLOAT': self.w_float32dtype,
+            'BOOL': self.w_booldtype,
+            #, 'CLONGDOUBLE']
+        }
+        typeinfo_partial = {
+            'Generic': interp_boxes.W_GenericBox,
+            'Character': interp_boxes.W_CharacterBox,
+            'Flexible': interp_boxes.W_FlexibleBox,
+            'Inexact': interp_boxes.W_InexactBox,
+            'Integer': interp_boxes.W_IntegerBox,
+            'SignedInteger': interp_boxes.W_SignedIntegerBox,
+            'UnsignedInteger': interp_boxes.W_UnsignedIntegerBox,
+            #'ComplexFloating',
+            'Number': interp_boxes.W_NumberBox,
+            'Floating': interp_boxes.W_FloatingBox
+        }
+        w_typeinfo = space.newdict()
+        for k, v in typeinfo_partial.iteritems():
+            space.setitem(w_typeinfo, space.wrap(k), space.gettypefor(v))
+        for k, dtype in typeinfo_full.iteritems():
+            itemsize = dtype.itemtype.get_element_size()
+            items_w = [space.wrap(dtype.char),
+                       space.wrap(dtype.num),
+                       space.wrap(itemsize * 8), # in case of changing
+                       # number of bits per byte in the future
+                       space.wrap(itemsize or 1)]
+            if dtype.is_int_type():
+                if dtype.kind == BOOLLTR:
+                    w_maxobj = space.wrap(1)
+                    w_minobj = space.wrap(0)
+                elif dtype.is_signed():
+                    w_maxobj = space.wrap(r_longlong((1 << (itemsize*8 - 1))
+                                          - 1))
+                    w_minobj = space.wrap(r_longlong(-1) << (itemsize*8 - 1))
+                else:
+                    w_maxobj = space.wrap(r_ulonglong(1 << (itemsize*8)) - 1)
+                    w_minobj = space.wrap(0)
+                items_w = items_w + [w_maxobj, w_minobj]
+            items_w = items_w + [dtype.w_box_type]
+                       
+            w_tuple = space.newtuple(items_w)
+            space.setitem(w_typeinfo, space.wrap(k), w_tuple)
+        self.w_typeinfo = w_typeinfo
 
 def get_dtype_cache(space):
     return space.fromcache(DtypeCache)
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_iter.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_iter.py
--- a/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_iter.py
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_iter.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 from pypy.rlib import jit
 from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import instantiate
 from pypy.module.micronumpy.strides import calculate_broadcast_strides,\
-     calculate_slice_strides, calculate_dot_strides
+     calculate_slice_strides, calculate_dot_strides, enumerate_chunks
 
 """ This is a mini-tutorial on iterators, strides, and
 memory layout. It assumes you are familiar with the terms, see
@@ -42,25 +42,67 @@
 we can go faster.
 All the calculations happen in next()
 
-next_step_x() tries to do the iteration for a number of steps at once,
+next_skip_x() tries to do the iteration for a number of steps at once,
 but then we cannot gaurentee that we only overflow one single shape 
 dimension, perhaps we could overflow times in one big step.
 """
 
 # structures to describe slicing
 
-class Chunk(object):
+class BaseChunk(object):
+    pass
+
+class RecordChunk(BaseChunk):
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        self.name = name
+
+    def apply(self, arr):
+        from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_numarray import W_NDimSlice
+
+        arr = arr.get_concrete()
+        ofs, subdtype = arr.dtype.fields[self.name]
+        # strides backstrides are identical, ofs only changes start
+        return W_NDimSlice(arr.start + ofs, arr.strides[:], arr.backstrides[:],
+                           arr.shape[:], arr, subdtype)
+
+class Chunks(BaseChunk):
+    def __init__(self, l):
+        self.l = l
+
+    @jit.unroll_safe
+    def extend_shape(self, old_shape):
+        shape = []
+        i = -1
+        for i, c in enumerate_chunks(self.l):
+            if c.step != 0:
+                shape.append(c.lgt)
+        s = i + 1
+        assert s >= 0
+        return shape[:] + old_shape[s:]
+
+    def apply(self, arr):
+        from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_numarray import W_NDimSlice,\
+             VirtualSlice, ConcreteArray
+
+        shape = self.extend_shape(arr.shape)
+        if not isinstance(arr, ConcreteArray):
+            return VirtualSlice(arr, self, shape)
+        r = calculate_slice_strides(arr.shape, arr.start, arr.strides,
+                                    arr.backstrides, self.l)
+        _, start, strides, backstrides = r
+        return W_NDimSlice(start, strides[:], backstrides[:],
+                           shape[:], arr)
+
+
+class Chunk(BaseChunk):
     axis_step = 1
+
     def __init__(self, start, stop, step, lgt):
         self.start = start
         self.stop = stop
         self.step = step
         self.lgt = lgt
 
-    def extend_shape(self, shape):
-        if self.step != 0:
-            shape.append(self.lgt)
-
     def __repr__(self):
         return 'Chunk(%d, %d, %d, %d)' % (self.start, self.stop, self.step,
                                           self.lgt)
@@ -106,17 +148,19 @@
         raise NotImplementedError
 
 class ArrayIterator(BaseIterator):
-    def __init__(self, size):
+    def __init__(self, size, element_size):
         self.offset = 0
         self.size = size
+        self.element_size = element_size
 
     def next(self, shapelen):
         return self.next_skip_x(1)
 
-    def next_skip_x(self, ofs):
+    def next_skip_x(self, x):
         arr = instantiate(ArrayIterator)
         arr.size = self.size
-        arr.offset = self.offset + ofs
+        arr.offset = self.offset + x * self.element_size
+        arr.element_size = self.element_size
         return arr
 
     def next_no_increase(self, shapelen):
@@ -163,7 +207,7 @@
         elif isinstance(t, ViewTransform):
             r = calculate_slice_strides(self.res_shape, self.offset,
                                         self.strides,
-                                        self.backstrides, t.chunks)
+                                        self.backstrides, t.chunks.l)
             return ViewIterator(r[1], r[2], r[3], r[0])
 
     @jit.unroll_safe
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_numarray.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_numarray.py
--- a/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_numarray.py
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_numarray.py
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@
 from pypy.module.micronumpy.appbridge import get_appbridge_cache
 from pypy.module.micronumpy.dot import multidim_dot, match_dot_shapes
 from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_iter import (ArrayIterator,
-    SkipLastAxisIterator, Chunk, NewAxisChunk, ViewIterator)
-from pypy.module.micronumpy.strides import (calculate_slice_strides,
-    shape_agreement, find_shape_and_elems, get_shape_from_iterable,
-    calc_new_strides, to_coords, enumerate_chunks)
+    SkipLastAxisIterator, Chunk, ViewIterator, Chunks, RecordChunk,
+    NewAxisChunk)
+from pypy.module.micronumpy.strides import (shape_agreement,
+    find_shape_and_elems, get_shape_from_iterable, calc_new_strides, to_coords)
 from pypy.rlib import jit
 from pypy.rlib.rstring import StringBuilder
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, rffi
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
 )
 flat_set_driver = jit.JitDriver(
     greens=['shapelen', 'base'],
-    reds=['step', 'ai', 'lngth', 'arr', 'basei'],
+    reds=['step', 'lngth', 'ri', 'arr', 'basei'],
     name='numpy_flatset',
 )
 
@@ -79,8 +79,8 @@
         dtype = space.interp_w(interp_dtype.W_Dtype,
             space.call_function(space.gettypefor(interp_dtype.W_Dtype), w_dtype)
         )
-        size, shape = _find_size_and_shape(space, w_size)
-        return space.wrap(W_NDimArray(size, shape[:], dtype=dtype))
+        shape = _find_shape(space, w_size)
+        return space.wrap(W_NDimArray(shape[:], dtype=dtype))
 
     def _unaryop_impl(ufunc_name):
         def impl(self, space):
@@ -225,8 +225,7 @@
             return scalar_w(space, dtype, space.wrap(0))
         # Do the dims match?
         out_shape, other_critical_dim = match_dot_shapes(space, self, other)
-        out_size = support.product(out_shape)
-        result = W_NDimArray(out_size, out_shape, dtype)
+        result = W_NDimArray(out_shape, dtype)
         # This is the place to add fpypy and blas
         return multidim_dot(space, self.get_concrete(),
                             other.get_concrete(), result, dtype,
@@ -245,7 +244,7 @@
         return space.wrap(self.find_dtype().itemtype.get_element_size())
 
     def descr_get_nbytes(self, space):
-        return space.wrap(self.size * self.find_dtype().itemtype.get_element_size())
+        return space.wrap(self.size)
 
     @jit.unroll_safe
     def descr_get_shape(self, space):
@@ -253,13 +252,16 @@
 
     def descr_set_shape(self, space, w_iterable):
         new_shape = get_shape_from_iterable(space,
-                            self.size, w_iterable)
+                            support.product(self.shape), w_iterable)
         if isinstance(self, Scalar):
             return
         self.get_concrete().setshape(space, new_shape)
 
     def descr_get_size(self, space):
-        return space.wrap(self.size)
+        return space.wrap(self.get_size())
+
+    def get_size(self):
+        return self.size // self.find_dtype().get_size()
 
     def descr_copy(self, space):
         return self.copy(space)
@@ -279,7 +281,7 @@
 
     def empty_copy(self, space, dtype):
         shape = self.shape
-        return W_NDimArray(support.product(shape), shape[:], dtype, 'C')
+        return W_NDimArray(shape[:], dtype, 'C')
 
     def descr_len(self, space):
         if len(self.shape):
@@ -320,13 +322,15 @@
         """ The result of getitem/setitem is a single item if w_idx
         is a list of scalars that match the size of shape
         """
+        if space.isinstance_w(w_idx, space.w_str):
+            return False
         shape_len = len(self.shape)
         if space.isinstance_w(w_idx, space.w_tuple):
             for w_item in space.fixedview(w_idx):
                 if (space.isinstance_w(w_item, space.w_slice) or
-                    space.isinstance_w(w_item, space.w_NoneType)):
+                    space.is_w(w_item, space.w_None)):
                     return False
-        elif space.isinstance_w(w_idx, space.w_NoneType):
+        elif space.is_w(w_idx, space.w_None):
             return False
         if shape_len == 0:
             raise OperationError(space.w_IndexError, space.wrap(
@@ -347,44 +351,51 @@
 
     @jit.unroll_safe
     def _prepare_slice_args(self, space, w_idx):
+        if space.isinstance_w(w_idx, space.w_str):
+            idx = space.str_w(w_idx)
+            dtype = self.find_dtype()
+            if not dtype.is_record_type() or idx not in dtype.fields:
+                raise OperationError(space.w_ValueError, space.wrap(
+                    "field named %s not defined" % idx))
+            return RecordChunk(idx)
         if (space.isinstance_w(w_idx, space.w_int) or
             space.isinstance_w(w_idx, space.w_slice)):
-            return [Chunk(*space.decode_index4(w_idx, self.shape[0]))]
-        elif space.isinstance_w(w_idx, space.w_NoneType):
-            return [NewAxisChunk()]
+            return Chunks([Chunk(*space.decode_index4(w_idx, self.shape[0]))])
+        elif space.is_w(w_idx, space.w_None):
+            return Chunks([NewAxisChunk()])
         result = []
         i = 0
         for w_item in space.fixedview(w_idx):
-            if space.isinstance_w(w_item, space.w_NoneType):
+            if space.is_w(w_item, space.w_None):
                 result.append(NewAxisChunk())
             else:
                 result.append(Chunk(*space.decode_index4(w_item,
                                                          self.shape[i])))
                 i += 1
-        return result
+        return Chunks(result)
 
-    def count_all_true(self, arr):
-        sig = arr.find_sig()
-        frame = sig.create_frame(arr)
-        shapelen = len(arr.shape)
+    def count_all_true(self):
+        sig = self.find_sig()
+        frame = sig.create_frame(self)
+        shapelen = len(self.shape)
         s = 0
         iter = None
         while not frame.done():
-            count_driver.jit_merge_point(arr=arr, frame=frame, iter=iter, s=s,
+            count_driver.jit_merge_point(arr=self, frame=frame, iter=iter, s=s,
                                          shapelen=shapelen)
             iter = frame.get_final_iter()
-            s += arr.dtype.getitem_bool(arr.storage, iter.offset)
+            s += self.dtype.getitem_bool(self, iter.offset)
             frame.next(shapelen)
         return s
 
     def getitem_filter(self, space, arr):
         concr = arr.get_concrete()
-        if concr.size > self.size:
+        if concr.get_size() > self.get_size():
             raise OperationError(space.w_IndexError,
                                  space.wrap("index out of range for array"))
-        size = self.count_all_true(concr)
-        res = W_NDimArray(size, [size], self.find_dtype())
-        ri = ArrayIterator(size)
+        size = concr.count_all_true()
+        res = W_NDimArray([size], self.find_dtype())
+        ri = res.create_iter()
         shapelen = len(self.shape)
         argi = concr.create_iter()
         sig = self.find_sig()
@@ -394,7 +405,7 @@
             filter_driver.jit_merge_point(concr=concr, argi=argi, ri=ri,
                                           frame=frame, v=v, res=res, sig=sig,
                                           shapelen=shapelen, self=self)
-            if concr.dtype.getitem_bool(concr.storage, argi.offset):
+            if concr.dtype.getitem_bool(concr, argi.offset):
                 v = sig.eval(frame, self)
                 res.setitem(ri.offset, v)
                 ri = ri.next(1)
@@ -404,23 +415,6 @@
             frame.next(shapelen)
         return res
 
-    def setitem_filter(self, space, idx, val):
-        size = self.count_all_true(idx)
-        arr = SliceArray([size], self.dtype, self, val)
-        sig = arr.find_sig()
-        shapelen = len(self.shape)
-        frame = sig.create_frame(arr)
-        idxi = idx.create_iter()
-        while not frame.done():
-            filter_set_driver.jit_merge_point(idx=idx, idxi=idxi, sig=sig,
-                                              frame=frame, arr=arr,
-                                              shapelen=shapelen)
-            if idx.dtype.getitem_bool(idx.storage, idxi.offset):
-                sig.eval(frame, arr)
-                frame.next_from_second(1)
-            frame.next_first(shapelen)
-            idxi = idxi.next(shapelen)
-
     def descr_getitem(self, space, w_idx):
         if (isinstance(w_idx, BaseArray) and w_idx.shape == self.shape and
             w_idx.find_dtype().is_bool_type()):
@@ -430,7 +424,24 @@
             item = concrete._index_of_single_item(space, w_idx)
             return concrete.getitem(item)
         chunks = self._prepare_slice_args(space, w_idx)
-        return self.create_slice(chunks)
+        return chunks.apply(self)
+
+    def setitem_filter(self, space, idx, val):
+        size = idx.count_all_true()
+        arr = SliceArray([size], self.dtype, self, val)
+        sig = arr.find_sig()
+        shapelen = len(self.shape)
+        frame = sig.create_frame(arr)
+        idxi = idx.create_iter()
+        while not frame.done():
+            filter_set_driver.jit_merge_point(idx=idx, idxi=idxi, sig=sig,
+                                              frame=frame, arr=arr,
+                                              shapelen=shapelen)
+            if idx.dtype.getitem_bool(idx, idxi.offset):
+                sig.eval(frame, arr)
+                frame.next_from_second(1)
+            frame.next_first(shapelen)
+            idxi = idxi.next(shapelen)
 
     def descr_setitem(self, space, w_idx, w_value):
         self.invalidated()
@@ -448,26 +459,9 @@
         if not isinstance(w_value, BaseArray):
             w_value = convert_to_array(space, w_value)
         chunks = self._prepare_slice_args(space, w_idx)
-        view = self.create_slice(chunks).get_concrete()
+        view = chunks.apply(self).get_concrete()
         view.setslice(space, w_value)
 
-    @jit.unroll_safe
-    def create_slice(self, chunks):
-        shape = []
-        i = -1
-        for i, chunk in enumerate_chunks(chunks):
-            chunk.extend_shape(shape)
-        s = i + 1
-        assert s >= 0
-        shape += self.shape[s:]
-        if not isinstance(self, ConcreteArray):
-            return VirtualSlice(self, chunks, shape)
-        r = calculate_slice_strides(self.shape, self.start, self.strides,
-                                    self.backstrides, chunks)
-        _, start, strides, backstrides = r
-        return W_NDimSlice(start, strides[:], backstrides[:],
-                           shape[:], self)
-
     def descr_reshape(self, space, args_w):
         """reshape(...)
         a.reshape(shape)
@@ -484,7 +478,8 @@
             w_shape = args_w[0]
         else:
             w_shape = space.newtuple(args_w)
-        new_shape = get_shape_from_iterable(space, self.size, w_shape)
+        new_shape = get_shape_from_iterable(space, support.product(self.shape),
+                                            w_shape)
         return self.reshape(space, new_shape)
 
     def reshape(self, space, new_shape):
@@ -522,7 +517,7 @@
     def descr_mean(self, space, w_axis=None):
         if space.is_w(w_axis, space.w_None):
             w_axis = space.wrap(-1)
-            w_denom = space.wrap(self.size)
+            w_denom = space.wrap(support.product(self.shape))
         else:
             dim = space.int_w(w_axis)
             w_denom = space.wrap(self.shape[dim])
@@ -541,7 +536,7 @@
         concr.fill(space, w_value)
 
     def descr_nonzero(self, space):
-        if self.size > 1:
+        if self.get_size() > 1:
             raise OperationError(space.w_ValueError, space.wrap(
                 "The truth value of an array with more than one element is ambiguous. Use a.any() or a.all()"))
         concr = self.get_concrete_or_scalar()
@@ -620,8 +615,7 @@
                                  space.wrap("axis unsupported for take"))
         index_i = index.create_iter()
         res_shape = index.shape
-        size = support.product(res_shape)
-        res = W_NDimArray(size, res_shape[:], concr.dtype, concr.order)
+        res = W_NDimArray(res_shape[:], concr.dtype, concr.order)
         res_i = res.create_iter()
         shapelen = len(index.shape)
         sig = concr.find_sig()
@@ -660,6 +654,11 @@
         raise OperationError(space.w_NotImplementedError, space.wrap(
             "non-int arg not supported"))
 
+    def descr_tostring(self, space):
+        ra = ToStringArray(self)
+        loop.compute(ra)
+        return space.wrap(ra.s.build())
+
     def compute_first_step(self, sig, frame):
         pass
 
@@ -681,8 +680,7 @@
     """
     Intermediate class representing a literal.
     """
-    size = 1
-    _attrs_ = ["dtype", "value", "shape"]
+    _attrs_ = ["dtype", "value", "shape", "size"]
 
     def __init__(self, dtype, value):
         self.shape = []
@@ -690,6 +688,7 @@
         self.dtype = dtype
         assert isinstance(value, interp_boxes.W_GenericBox)
         self.value = value
+        self.size = dtype.get_size()
 
     def find_dtype(self):
         return self.dtype
@@ -707,8 +706,7 @@
         return self
 
     def reshape(self, space, new_shape):
-        size = support.product(new_shape)
-        res = W_NDimArray(size, new_shape, self.dtype, 'C')
+        res = W_NDimArray(new_shape, self.dtype, 'C')
         res.setitem(0, self.value)
         return res
 
@@ -721,6 +719,7 @@
         self.forced_result = None
         self.res_dtype = res_dtype
         self.name = name
+        self.size = support.product(self.shape) * res_dtype.get_size()
 
     def _del_sources(self):
         # Function for deleting references to source arrays,
@@ -728,7 +727,7 @@
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     def compute(self):
-        ra = ResultArray(self, self.size, self.shape, self.res_dtype)
+        ra = ResultArray(self, self.shape, self.res_dtype)
         loop.compute(ra)
         return ra.left
 
@@ -756,7 +755,6 @@
     def __init__(self, child, chunks, shape):
         self.child = child
         self.chunks = chunks
-        self.size = support.product(shape)
         VirtualArray.__init__(self, 'slice', shape, child.find_dtype())
 
     def create_sig(self):
@@ -768,7 +766,7 @@
     def force_if_needed(self):
         if self.forced_result is None:
             concr = self.child.get_concrete()
-            self.forced_result = concr.create_slice(self.chunks)
+            self.forced_result = self.chunks.apply(concr)
 
     def _del_sources(self):
         self.child = None
@@ -801,7 +799,6 @@
         self.left = left
         self.right = right
         self.calc_dtype = calc_dtype
-        self.size = support.product(self.shape)
 
     def _del_sources(self):
         self.left = None
@@ -829,15 +826,30 @@
                                self.left.create_sig(), self.right.create_sig())
 
 class ResultArray(Call2):
-    def __init__(self, child, size, shape, dtype, res=None, order='C'):
+    def __init__(self, child, shape, dtype, res=None, order='C'):
         if res is None:
-            res = W_NDimArray(size, shape, dtype, order)
+            res = W_NDimArray(shape, dtype, order)
         Call2.__init__(self, None, 'assign', shape, dtype, dtype, res, child)
 
     def create_sig(self):
         return signature.ResultSignature(self.res_dtype, self.left.create_sig(),
                                          self.right.create_sig())
 
+class ToStringArray(Call1):
+    def __init__(self, child):
+        dtype = child.find_dtype()
+        self.item_size = dtype.itemtype.get_element_size()
+        self.s = StringBuilder(child.size * self.item_size)
+        Call1.__init__(self, None, 'tostring', child.shape, dtype, dtype,
+                       child)
+        self.res = W_NDimArray([1], dtype, 'C')
+        self.res_casted = rffi.cast(rffi.CArrayPtr(lltype.Char),
+                                    self.res.storage)
+
+    def create_sig(self):
+        return signature.ToStringSignature(self.calc_dtype,
+                                           self.values.create_sig())
+
 def done_if_true(dtype, val):
     return dtype.itemtype.bool(val)
 
@@ -909,13 +921,13 @@
     """
     _immutable_fields_ = ['storage']
 
-    def __init__(self, size, shape, dtype, order='C', parent=None):
-        self.size = size
+    def __init__(self, shape, dtype, order='C', parent=None):
         self.parent = parent
+        self.size = support.product(shape) * dtype.get_size()
         if parent is not None:
             self.storage = parent.storage
         else:
-            self.storage = dtype.malloc(size)
+            self.storage = dtype.itemtype.malloc(self.size)
         self.order = order
         self.dtype = dtype
         if self.strides is None:
@@ -934,13 +946,14 @@
         return self.dtype
 
     def getitem(self, item):
-        return self.dtype.getitem(self.storage, item)
+        return self.dtype.getitem(self, item)
 
     def setitem(self, item, value):
         self.invalidated()
-        self.dtype.setitem(self.storage, item, value)
+        self.dtype.setitem(self, item, value)
 
     def calc_strides(self, shape):
+        dtype = self.find_dtype()
         strides = []
         backstrides = []
         s = 1
@@ -948,8 +961,8 @@
         if self.order == 'C':
             shape_rev.reverse()
         for sh in shape_rev:
-            strides.append(s)
-            backstrides.append(s * (sh - 1))
+            strides.append(s * dtype.get_size())
+            backstrides.append(s * (sh - 1) * dtype.get_size())
             s *= sh
         if self.order == 'C':
             strides.reverse()
@@ -997,9 +1010,9 @@
         shapelen = len(self.shape)
         if shapelen == 1:
             rffi.c_memcpy(
-                rffi.ptradd(self.storage, self.start * itemsize),
-                rffi.ptradd(w_value.storage, w_value.start * itemsize),
-                self.size * itemsize
+                rffi.ptradd(self.storage, self.start),
+                rffi.ptradd(w_value.storage, w_value.start),
+                self.size
             )
         else:
             dest = SkipLastAxisIterator(self)
@@ -1014,7 +1027,7 @@
                 dest.next()
 
     def copy(self, space):
-        array = W_NDimArray(self.size, self.shape[:], self.dtype, self.order)
+        array = W_NDimArray(self.shape[:], self.dtype, self.order)
         array.setslice(space, self)
         return array
 
@@ -1028,14 +1041,15 @@
 
 
 class W_NDimSlice(ViewArray):
-    def __init__(self, start, strides, backstrides, shape, parent):
+    def __init__(self, start, strides, backstrides, shape, parent, dtype=None):
         assert isinstance(parent, ConcreteArray)
         if isinstance(parent, W_NDimSlice):
             parent = parent.parent
         self.strides = strides
         self.backstrides = backstrides
-        ViewArray.__init__(self, support.product(shape), shape, parent.dtype,
-                           parent.order, parent)
+        if dtype is None:
+            dtype = parent.dtype
+        ViewArray.__init__(self, shape, dtype, parent.order, parent)
         self.start = start
 
     def create_iter(self, transforms=None):
@@ -1050,12 +1064,13 @@
             # but then calc_strides would have to accept a stepping factor
             strides = []
             backstrides = []
-            s = self.strides[0]
+            dtype = self.find_dtype()
+            s = self.strides[0] // dtype.get_size()
             if self.order == 'C':
                 new_shape.reverse()
             for sh in new_shape:
-                strides.append(s)
-                backstrides.append(s * (sh - 1))
+                strides.append(s * dtype.get_size())
+                backstrides.append(s * (sh - 1) * dtype.get_size())
                 s *= max(1, sh)
             if self.order == 'C':
                 strides.reverse()
@@ -1083,14 +1098,16 @@
     """
     def setitem(self, item, value):
         self.invalidated()
-        self.dtype.setitem(self.storage, item, value)
+        self.dtype.setitem(self, item, value)
 
     def setshape(self, space, new_shape):
         self.shape = new_shape
         self.calc_strides(new_shape)
 
     def create_iter(self, transforms=None):
-        return ArrayIterator(self.size).apply_transformations(self, transforms)
+        esize = self.find_dtype().get_size()
+        return ArrayIterator(self.size, esize).apply_transformations(self,
+                                                                     transforms)
 
     def create_sig(self):
         return signature.ArraySignature(self.dtype)
@@ -1098,22 +1115,18 @@
     def __del__(self):
         lltype.free(self.storage, flavor='raw', track_allocation=False)
 
-def _find_size_and_shape(space, w_size):
+def _find_shape(space, w_size):
     if space.isinstance_w(w_size, space.w_int):
-        size = space.int_w(w_size)
-        shape = [size]
-    else:
-        size = 1
-        shape = []
-        for w_item in space.fixedview(w_size):
-            item = space.int_w(w_item)
-            size *= item
-            shape.append(item)
-    return size, shape
+        return [space.int_w(w_size)]
+    shape = []
+    for w_item in space.fixedview(w_size):
+        shape.append(space.int_w(w_item))
+    return shape
 
 @unwrap_spec(subok=bool, copy=bool, ownmaskna=bool)
 def array(space, w_item_or_iterable, w_dtype=None, w_order=None,
-          subok=True, copy=True, w_maskna=None, ownmaskna=False):
+          subok=True, copy=True, w_maskna=None, ownmaskna=False,
+          w_ndmin=None):
     # find scalar
     if w_maskna is None:
         w_maskna = space.w_None
@@ -1143,28 +1156,33 @@
         if copy:
             return w_item_or_iterable.copy(space)
         return w_item_or_iterable
-    shape, elems_w = find_shape_and_elems(space, w_item_or_iterable)
+    if w_dtype is None or space.is_w(w_dtype, space.w_None):
+        dtype = None
+    else:
+        dtype = space.interp_w(interp_dtype.W_Dtype,
+           space.call_function(space.gettypefor(interp_dtype.W_Dtype), w_dtype))
+    shape, elems_w = find_shape_and_elems(space, w_item_or_iterable, dtype)
     # they come back in C order
-    size = len(elems_w)
-    if w_dtype is None or space.is_w(w_dtype, space.w_None):
-        w_dtype = None
+    if dtype is None:
         for w_elem in elems_w:
-            w_dtype = interp_ufuncs.find_dtype_for_scalar(space, w_elem,
-                                                          w_dtype)
-            if w_dtype is interp_dtype.get_dtype_cache(space).w_float64dtype:
+            dtype = interp_ufuncs.find_dtype_for_scalar(space, w_elem,
+                                                        dtype)
+            if dtype is interp_dtype.get_dtype_cache(space).w_float64dtype:
                 break
-    if w_dtype is None:
-        w_dtype = space.w_None
-    dtype = space.interp_w(interp_dtype.W_Dtype,
-        space.call_function(space.gettypefor(interp_dtype.W_Dtype), w_dtype)
-    )
-    arr = W_NDimArray(size, shape[:], dtype=dtype, order=order)
+        if dtype is None:
+            dtype = interp_dtype.get_dtype_cache(space).w_float64dtype
     shapelen = len(shape)
-    arr_iter = ArrayIterator(arr.size)
+    if w_ndmin is not None and not space.is_w(w_ndmin, space.w_None):
+        ndmin = space.int_w(w_ndmin)
+        if ndmin > shapelen:
+            shape = [1] * (ndmin - shapelen) + shape
+            shapelen = ndmin
+    arr = W_NDimArray(shape[:], dtype=dtype, order=order)
+    arr_iter = arr.create_iter()
     # XXX we might want to have a jitdriver here
     for i in range(len(elems_w)):
         w_elem = elems_w[i]
-        dtype.setitem(arr.storage, arr_iter.offset,
+        dtype.setitem(arr, arr_iter.offset,
                       dtype.coerce(space, w_elem))
         arr_iter = arr_iter.next(shapelen)
     return arr
@@ -1173,22 +1191,22 @@
     dtype = space.interp_w(interp_dtype.W_Dtype,
         space.call_function(space.gettypefor(interp_dtype.W_Dtype), w_dtype)
     )
-    size, shape = _find_size_and_shape(space, w_size)
+    shape = _find_shape(space, w_size)
     if not shape:
         return scalar_w(space, dtype, space.wrap(0))
-    return space.wrap(W_NDimArray(size, shape[:], dtype=dtype))
+    return space.wrap(W_NDimArray(shape[:], dtype=dtype))
 
 def ones(space, w_size, w_dtype=None):
     dtype = space.interp_w(interp_dtype.W_Dtype,
         space.call_function(space.gettypefor(interp_dtype.W_Dtype), w_dtype)
     )
 
-    size, shape = _find_size_and_shape(space, w_size)
+    shape = _find_shape(space, w_size)
     if not shape:
         return scalar_w(space, dtype, space.wrap(1))
-    arr = W_NDimArray(size, shape[:], dtype=dtype)
+    arr = W_NDimArray(shape[:], dtype=dtype)
     one = dtype.box(1)
-    arr.dtype.fill(arr.storage, one, 0, size)
+    arr.dtype.fill(arr.storage, one, 0, arr.size)
     return space.wrap(arr)
 
 @unwrap_spec(arr=BaseArray, skipna=bool, keepdims=bool)
@@ -1236,13 +1254,13 @@
                     "array dimensions must agree except for axis being concatenated"))
             elif i == axis:
                 shape[i] += axis_size
-    res = W_NDimArray(support.product(shape), shape, dtype, 'C')
+    res = W_NDimArray(shape, dtype, 'C')
     chunks = [Chunk(0, i, 1, i) for i in shape]
     axis_start = 0
     for arr in args_w:
         chunks[axis] = Chunk(axis_start, axis_start + arr.shape[axis], 1,
                              arr.shape[axis])
-        res.create_slice(chunks).setslice(space, arr)
+        Chunks(chunks).apply(res).setslice(space, arr)
         axis_start += arr.shape[axis]
     return res
 
@@ -1330,6 +1348,7 @@
     std = interp2app(BaseArray.descr_std),
 
     fill = interp2app(BaseArray.descr_fill),
+    tostring = interp2app(BaseArray.descr_tostring),
 
     copy = interp2app(BaseArray.descr_copy),
     flatten = interp2app(BaseArray.descr_flatten),
@@ -1352,7 +1371,7 @@
         self.iter = sig.create_frame(arr).get_final_iter()
         self.base = arr
         self.index = 0
-        ViewArray.__init__(self, arr.size, [arr.size], arr.dtype, arr.order,
+        ViewArray.__init__(self, [arr.get_size()], arr.dtype, arr.order,
                            arr)
 
     def descr_next(self, space):
@@ -1367,7 +1386,7 @@
         return self
 
     def descr_len(self, space):
-        return space.wrap(self.size)
+        return space.wrap(self.get_size())
 
     def descr_index(self, space):
         return space.wrap(self.index)
@@ -1385,28 +1404,26 @@
             raise OperationError(space.w_IndexError,
                                  space.wrap('unsupported iterator index'))
         base = self.base
-        start, stop, step, lngth = space.decode_index4(w_idx, base.size)
+        start, stop, step, lngth = space.decode_index4(w_idx, base.get_size())
         # setslice would have been better, but flat[u:v] for arbitrary
         # shapes of array a cannot be represented as a[x1:x2, y1:y2]
         basei = ViewIterator(base.start, base.strides,
-                               base.backstrides,base.shape)
+                             base.backstrides, base.shape)
         shapelen = len(base.shape)
         basei = basei.next_skip_x(shapelen, start)
         if lngth <2:
             return base.getitem(basei.offset)
-        ri = ArrayIterator(lngth)
-        res = W_NDimArray(lngth, [lngth], base.dtype,
-                                    base.order)
+        res = W_NDimArray([lngth], base.dtype, base.order)
+        ri = res.create_iter()
         while not ri.done():
             flat_get_driver.jit_merge_point(shapelen=shapelen,
                                              base=base,
                                              basei=basei,
                                              step=step,
                                              res=res,
-                                             ri=ri,
-                                            )
+                                             ri=ri)
             w_val = base.getitem(basei.offset)
-            res.setitem(ri.offset,w_val)
+            res.setitem(ri.offset, w_val)
             basei = basei.next_skip_x(shapelen, step)
             ri = ri.next(shapelen)
         return res
@@ -1417,27 +1434,28 @@
             raise OperationError(space.w_IndexError,
                                  space.wrap('unsupported iterator index'))
         base = self.base
-        start, stop, step, lngth = space.decode_index4(w_idx, base.size)
+        start, stop, step, lngth = space.decode_index4(w_idx, base.get_size())
         arr = convert_to_array(space, w_value)
-        ai = 0
+        ri = arr.create_iter()
         basei = ViewIterator(base.start, base.strides,
-                               base.backstrides,base.shape)
+                             base.backstrides, base.shape)
         shapelen = len(base.shape)
         basei = basei.next_skip_x(shapelen, start)
         while lngth > 0:
             flat_set_driver.jit_merge_point(shapelen=shapelen,
-                                             basei=basei,
-                                             base=base,
-                                             step=step,
-                                             arr=arr,
-                                             ai=ai,
-                                             lngth=lngth,
-                                            )
-            v = arr.getitem(ai).convert_to(base.dtype)
+                                            basei=basei,
+                                            base=base,
+                                            step=step,
+                                            arr=arr,
+                                            lngth=lngth,
+                                            ri=ri)
+            v = arr.getitem(ri.offset).convert_to(base.dtype)
             base.setitem(basei.offset, v)
             # need to repeat input values until all assignments are done
-            ai = (ai + 1) % arr.size
             basei = basei.next_skip_x(shapelen, step)
+            ri = ri.next(shapelen)
+            # WTF is numpy thinking?
+            ri.offset %= arr.size
             lngth -= 1
 
     def create_sig(self):
@@ -1445,9 +1463,9 @@
 
     def create_iter(self, transforms=None):
         return ViewIterator(self.base.start, self.base.strides,
-                    self.base.backstrides,
-                    self.base.shape).apply_transformations(self.base,
-                                                           transforms)
+                            self.base.backstrides,
+                            self.base.shape).apply_transformations(self.base,
+                                                                   transforms)
 
     def descr_base(self, space):
         return space.wrap(self.base)
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_support.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_support.py
--- a/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_support.py
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_support.py
@@ -51,9 +51,11 @@
         raise OperationError(space.w_ValueError, space.wrap(
             "string is smaller than requested size"))
 
-    a = W_NDimArray(num_items, [num_items], dtype=dtype)
-    for i, val in enumerate(items):
-        a.dtype.setitem(a.storage, i, val)
+    a = W_NDimArray([num_items], dtype=dtype)
+    ai = a.create_iter()
+    for val in items:
+        a.dtype.setitem(a, ai.offset, val)
+        ai = ai.next(1)
     
     return space.wrap(a)
 
@@ -61,6 +63,7 @@
     from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_numarray import W_NDimArray
     
     itemsize = dtype.itemtype.get_element_size()
+    assert itemsize >= 0
     if count == -1:
         count = length / itemsize
     if length % itemsize != 0:
@@ -71,20 +74,23 @@
         raise OperationError(space.w_ValueError, space.wrap(
             "string is smaller than requested size"))
         
-    a = W_NDimArray(count, [count], dtype=dtype)
-    fromstring_loop(a, count, dtype, itemsize, s)
+    a = W_NDimArray([count], dtype=dtype)
+    fromstring_loop(a, dtype, itemsize, s)
     return space.wrap(a)
 
-fromstring_driver = jit.JitDriver(greens=[], reds=['count', 'i', 'itemsize',
-                                                   'dtype', 's', 'a'])
+fromstring_driver = jit.JitDriver(greens=[], reds=['i', 'itemsize',
+                                                   'dtype', 'ai', 's', 'a'])
 
-def fromstring_loop(a, count, dtype, itemsize, s):
+def fromstring_loop(a, dtype, itemsize, s):
     i = 0
-    while i < count:
-        fromstring_driver.jit_merge_point(a=a, count=count, dtype=dtype,
-                                          itemsize=itemsize, s=s, i=i)
+    ai = a.create_iter()
+    while not ai.done():
+        fromstring_driver.jit_merge_point(a=a, dtype=dtype,
+                                          itemsize=itemsize, s=s, i=i,
+                                          ai=ai)
         val = dtype.itemtype.runpack_str(s[i*itemsize:i*itemsize + itemsize])
-        a.dtype.setitem(a.storage, i, val)
+        a.dtype.setitem(a, ai.offset, val)
+        ai = ai.next(1)
         i += 1
 
 @unwrap_spec(s=str, count=int, sep=str)
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_ufuncs.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_ufuncs.py
--- a/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_ufuncs.py
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_ufuncs.py
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@
             shape = obj.shape[:dim] + [1] + obj.shape[dim + 1:]
         else:
             shape = obj.shape[:dim] + obj.shape[dim + 1:]
-        result = W_NDimArray(support.product(shape), shape, dtype)
+        result = W_NDimArray(shape, dtype)
         arr = AxisReduce(self.func, self.name, self.identity, obj.shape, dtype,
                          result, obj, dim)
         loop.compute(arr)
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@
             return dt
         if dt.num >= 5:
             return interp_dtype.get_dtype_cache(space).w_float64dtype
-        for bytes, dtype in interp_dtype.get_dtype_cache(space).dtypes_by_num_bytes:
+        for bytes, dtype in interp_dtype.get_dtype_cache(space).float_dtypes_by_num_bytes:
             if (dtype.kind == interp_dtype.FLOATINGLTR and
                 dtype.itemtype.get_element_size() > dt.itemtype.get_element_size()):
                 return dtype
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/signature.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/signature.py
--- a/pypy/module/micronumpy/signature.py
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/signature.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
      ViewTransform, BroadcastTransform
 from pypy.tool.pairtype import extendabletype
 from pypy.module.micronumpy.loop import ComputationDone
+from pypy.rlib import jit
 
 """ Signature specifies both the numpy expression that has been constructed
 and the assembler to be compiled. This is a very important observation -
@@ -142,11 +143,10 @@
         from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_numarray import ConcreteArray
         concr = arr.get_concrete()
         assert isinstance(concr, ConcreteArray)
-        storage = concr.storage
         if self.iter_no >= len(iterlist):
             iterlist.append(concr.create_iter(transforms))
         if self.array_no >= len(arraylist):
-            arraylist.append(storage)
+            arraylist.append(concr)
 
     def eval(self, frame, arr):
         iter = frame.iterators[self.iter_no]
@@ -318,6 +318,20 @@
         offset = frame.get_final_iter().offset
         arr.left.setitem(offset, self.right.eval(frame, arr.right))
 
+class ToStringSignature(Call1):
+    def __init__(self, dtype, child):
+        Call1.__init__(self, None, 'tostring', dtype, child)
+
+    @jit.unroll_safe
+    def eval(self, frame, arr):
+        from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_numarray import ToStringArray
+
+        assert isinstance(arr, ToStringArray)
+        arr.res.setitem(0, self.child.eval(frame, arr.values).convert_to(
+            self.dtype))
+        for i in range(arr.item_size):
+            arr.s.append(arr.res_casted[i])
+
 class BroadcastLeft(Call2):
     def _invent_numbering(self, cache, allnumbers):
         self.left._invent_numbering(new_cache(), allnumbers)
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/strides.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/strides.py
--- a/pypy/module/micronumpy/strides.py
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/strides.py
@@ -46,22 +46,31 @@
     rbackstrides = [0] * (len(res_shape) - len(orig_shape)) + rbackstrides
     return rstrides, rbackstrides
 
-def find_shape_and_elems(space, w_iterable):
+def is_single_elem(space, w_elem, is_rec_type):
+    if (is_rec_type and space.isinstance_w(w_elem, space.w_tuple)):
+        return True
+    if space.issequence_w(w_elem):
+        return False
+    return True
+
+def find_shape_and_elems(space, w_iterable, dtype):
     shape = [space.len_w(w_iterable)]
     batch = space.listview(w_iterable)
+    is_rec_type = dtype is not None and dtype.is_record_type()
     while True:
         new_batch = []
         if not batch:
             return shape, []
-        if not space.issequence_w(batch[0]):
-            for elem in batch:
-                if space.issequence_w(elem):
+        if is_single_elem(space, batch[0], is_rec_type):
+            for w_elem in batch:
+                if not is_single_elem(space, w_elem, is_rec_type):
                     raise OperationError(space.w_ValueError, space.wrap(
                         "setting an array element with a sequence"))
             return shape, batch
         size = space.len_w(batch[0])
         for w_elem in batch:
-            if not space.issequence_w(w_elem) or space.len_w(w_elem) != size:
+            if (is_single_elem(space, w_elem, is_rec_type) or
+                space.len_w(w_elem) != size):
                 raise OperationError(space.w_ValueError, space.wrap(
                     "setting an array element with a sequence"))
             new_batch += space.listview(w_elem)
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_base.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_base.py
--- a/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_base.py
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_base.py
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_ufuncs import (find_binop_result_dtype,
         find_unaryop_result_dtype)
 from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_boxes import W_Float64Box
+from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_dtype import nonnative_byteorder_prefix,\
+     byteorder_prefix
 from pypy.conftest import option
 import sys
 
@@ -15,14 +17,16 @@
                 sys.modules['numpypy'] = numpy
                 sys.modules['_numpypy'] = numpy
         cls.space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=['micronumpy'])
+        cls.w_non_native_prefix = cls.space.wrap(nonnative_byteorder_prefix)
+        cls.w_native_prefix = cls.space.wrap(byteorder_prefix)
 
 class TestSignature(object):
     def test_binop_signature(self, space):
         float64_dtype = get_dtype_cache(space).w_float64dtype
         bool_dtype = get_dtype_cache(space).w_booldtype
 
-        ar = W_NDimArray(10, [10], dtype=float64_dtype)
-        ar2 = W_NDimArray(10, [10], dtype=float64_dtype)
+        ar = W_NDimArray([10], dtype=float64_dtype)
+        ar2 = W_NDimArray([10], dtype=float64_dtype)
         v1 = ar.descr_add(space, ar)
         v2 = ar.descr_add(space, Scalar(float64_dtype, W_Float64Box(2.0)))
         sig1 = v1.find_sig()
@@ -40,7 +44,7 @@
         v4 = ar.descr_add(space, ar)
         assert v1.find_sig() is v4.find_sig()
 
-        bool_ar = W_NDimArray(10, [10], dtype=bool_dtype)
+        bool_ar = W_NDimArray([10], dtype=bool_dtype)
         v5 = ar.descr_add(space, bool_ar)
         assert v5.find_sig() is not v1.find_sig()
         assert v5.find_sig() is not v2.find_sig()
@@ -57,7 +61,7 @@
     def test_slice_signature(self, space):
         float64_dtype = get_dtype_cache(space).w_float64dtype
 
-        ar = W_NDimArray(10, [10], dtype=float64_dtype)
+        ar = W_NDimArray([10], dtype=float64_dtype)
         v1 = ar.descr_getitem(space, space.wrap(slice(1, 3, 1)))
         v2 = ar.descr_getitem(space, space.wrap(slice(4, 6, 1)))
         assert v1.find_sig() is v2.find_sig()
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_dtypes.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_dtypes.py
--- a/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_dtypes.py
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_dtypes.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
+import py
+from pypy.conftest import option
 from pypy.module.micronumpy.test.test_base import BaseNumpyAppTest
-
+from pypy.interpreter.gateway import interp2app
 
 class AppTestDtypes(BaseNumpyAppTest):
     def test_dtype(self):
@@ -12,7 +14,10 @@
         assert dtype(d) is d
         assert dtype(None) is dtype(float)
         assert dtype('int8').name == 'int8'
+        assert dtype(int).fields is None
+        assert dtype(int).names is None
         raises(TypeError, dtype, 1042)
+        raises(KeyError, 'dtype(int)["asdasd"]')
 
     def test_dtype_eq(self):
         from _numpypy import dtype
@@ -53,13 +58,13 @@
             assert a[i] is True_
 
     def test_copy_array_with_dtype(self):
-        from _numpypy import array, False_, True_, int64
+        from _numpypy import array, False_, longlong
 
         a = array([0, 1, 2, 3], dtype=long)
         # int on 64-bit, long in 32-bit
-        assert isinstance(a[0], int64)
+        assert isinstance(a[0], longlong)
         b = a.copy()
-        assert isinstance(b[0], int64)
+        assert isinstance(b[0], longlong)
 
         a = array([0, 1, 2, 3], dtype=bool)
         assert a[0] is False_
@@ -81,17 +86,17 @@
             assert a[i] is True_
 
     def test_zeros_long(self):
-        from _numpypy import zeros, int64
+        from _numpypy import zeros, longlong
         a = zeros(10, dtype=long)
         for i in range(10):
-            assert isinstance(a[i], int64)
+            assert isinstance(a[i], longlong)
             assert a[1] == 0
 
     def test_ones_long(self):
-        from _numpypy import ones, int64
+        from _numpypy import ones, longlong
         a = ones(10, dtype=long)
         for i in range(10):
-            assert isinstance(a[i], int64)
+            assert isinstance(a[i], longlong)
             assert a[1] == 1
 
     def test_overflow(self):
@@ -181,17 +186,18 @@
         assert dtype("float") is dtype(float)
 
 
-class AppTestTypes(BaseNumpyAppTest):
+class AppTestTypes(BaseNumpyAppTest):    
     def test_abstract_types(self):
         import _numpypy as numpy
         raises(TypeError, numpy.generic, 0)
         raises(TypeError, numpy.number, 0)
         raises(TypeError, numpy.integer, 0)
         exc = raises(TypeError, numpy.signedinteger, 0)
-        assert str(exc.value) == "cannot create 'signedinteger' instances"
+        assert 'cannot create' in str(exc.value)
+        assert 'signedinteger' in str(exc.value)
         exc = raises(TypeError, numpy.unsignedinteger, 0)
-        assert str(exc.value) == "cannot create 'unsignedinteger' instances"
-
+        assert 'cannot create' in str(exc.value)
+        assert 'unsignedinteger' in str(exc.value)
         raises(TypeError, numpy.floating, 0)
         raises(TypeError, numpy.inexact, 0)
 
@@ -296,6 +302,7 @@
         else:
             raises(OverflowError, numpy.int32, 2147483648)
             raises(OverflowError, numpy.int32, '2147483648')
+        assert numpy.dtype('int32') is numpy.dtype(numpy.int32)
 
     def test_uint32(self):
         import sys
@@ -327,15 +334,11 @@
         assert numpy.dtype(numpy.int64).type is numpy.int64
         assert numpy.int64(3) == 3
 
-        if sys.maxint >= 2 ** 63 - 1:
-            assert numpy.int64(9223372036854775807) == 9223372036854775807
-            assert numpy.int64('9223372036854775807') == 9223372036854775807
-        else:
-            raises(OverflowError, numpy.int64, 9223372036854775807)
-            raises(OverflowError, numpy.int64, '9223372036854775807')
+        assert numpy.int64(9223372036854775807) == 9223372036854775807
+        assert numpy.int64(9223372036854775807) == 9223372036854775807
 
         raises(OverflowError, numpy.int64, 9223372036854775808)
-        raises(OverflowError, numpy.int64, '9223372036854775808')
+        raises(OverflowError, numpy.int64, 9223372036854775808L)
 
     def test_uint64(self):
         import sys
@@ -404,10 +407,29 @@
             assert issubclass(int64, int)
             assert int_ is int64
 
+    def test_various_types(self):
+        import _numpypy as numpy
+        import sys
+        
+        assert numpy.int16 is numpy.short
+        assert numpy.int8 is numpy.byte
+        assert numpy.bool_ is numpy.bool8
+        if sys.maxint == (1 << 63) - 1:
+            assert numpy.intp is numpy.int64
+        else:
+            assert numpy.intp is numpy.int32
+
+    def test_mro(self):
+        import _numpypy as numpy
+        
+        assert numpy.int16.__mro__ == (numpy.int16, numpy.signedinteger,
+                                       numpy.integer, numpy.number,
+                                       numpy.generic, object)
+        assert numpy.bool_.__mro__ == (numpy.bool_, numpy.generic, object)
+
     def test_operators(self):
         from operator import truediv
         from _numpypy import float64, int_, True_, False_
-
         assert 5 / int_(2) == int_(2)
         assert truediv(int_(3), int_(2)) == float64(1.5)
         assert truediv(3, int_(2)) == float64(1.5)
@@ -427,9 +449,115 @@
         assert int_(3) ^ int_(5) == int_(6)
         assert True_ ^ False_ is True_
         assert 5 ^ int_(3) == int_(6)
-
         assert +int_(3) == int_(3)
         assert ~int_(3) == int_(-4)
-
         raises(TypeError, lambda: float64(3) & 1)
 
+    def test_alternate_constructs(self):
+        from _numpypy import dtype
+        nnp = self.non_native_prefix
+        byteorder = self.native_prefix
+        assert dtype('i8') == dtype(byteorder + 'i8') == dtype('=i8') # XXX should be equal == dtype(long)
+        assert dtype(nnp + 'i8') != dtype('i8')
+        assert dtype(nnp + 'i8').byteorder == nnp
+        assert dtype('=i8').byteorder == '='
+        assert dtype(byteorder + 'i8').byteorder == '='
+
+    def test_alignment(self):
+        from _numpypy import dtype
+        assert dtype('i4').alignment == 4
+
+    def test_typeinfo(self):
+        from _numpypy import typeinfo, void, number, int64, bool_
+        assert typeinfo['Number'] == number
+        assert typeinfo['LONGLONG'] == ('q', 9, 64, 8, 9223372036854775807L, -9223372036854775808L, int64)
+        assert typeinfo['VOID'] == ('V', 20, 0, 1, void)
+        assert typeinfo['BOOL'] == ('?', 0, 8, 1, 1, 0, bool_)
+
+class AppTestStrUnicodeDtypes(BaseNumpyAppTest):
+    def test_str_unicode(self):
+        from _numpypy import str_, unicode_, character, flexible, generic
+        
+        assert str_.mro() == [str_, str, basestring, character, flexible, generic, object]
+        assert unicode_.mro() == [unicode_, unicode, basestring, character, flexible, generic, object]
+
+    def test_str_dtype(self):
+        from _numpypy import dtype, str_
+
+        raises(TypeError, "dtype('Sx')")
+        d = dtype('S8')
+        assert d.itemsize == 8
+        assert dtype(str) == dtype('S')
+        assert d.kind == 'S'
+        assert d.type is str_
+        assert d.name == "string64"
+        assert d.num == 18
+
+    def test_unicode_dtype(self):
+        from _numpypy import dtype, unicode_
+
+        raises(TypeError, "dtype('Ux')")
+        d = dtype('U8')
+        assert d.itemsize == 8 * 4
+        assert dtype(unicode) == dtype('U')
+        assert d.kind == 'U'
+        assert d.type is unicode_
+        assert d.name == "unicode256"
+        assert d.num == 19
+
+    def test_string_boxes(self):
+        from _numpypy import str_
+        assert isinstance(str_(3), str_)
+
+    def test_unicode_boxes(self):
+        from _numpypy import unicode_
+        assert isinstance(unicode_(3), unicode)
+
+class AppTestRecordDtypes(BaseNumpyAppTest):
+    def test_create(self):
+        from _numpypy import dtype, void
+
+        raises(ValueError, "dtype([('x', int), ('x', float)])")
+        d = dtype([("x", "int32"), ("y", "int32"), ("z", "int32"), ("value", float)])
+        assert d.fields['x'] == (dtype('int32'), 0)
+        assert d.fields['value'] == (dtype(float), 12)
+        assert d['x'] == dtype('int32')
+        assert d.name == "void160"
+        assert d.num == 20
+        assert d.itemsize == 20
+        assert d.kind == 'V'
+        assert d.type is void
+        assert d.char == 'V'
+        assert d.names == ("x", "y", "z", "value")
+        raises(KeyError, 'd["xyz"]')
+        raises(KeyError, 'd.fields["xyz"]')
+
+    def test_create_from_dict(self):
+        skip("not yet")
+        from _numpypy import dtype
+        d = dtype({'names': ['a', 'b', 'c'],
+                   })
+        
+class AppTestNotDirect(BaseNumpyAppTest):
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        BaseNumpyAppTest.setup_class.im_func(cls)
+        def check_non_native(w_obj, w_obj2):
+            assert w_obj.storage[0] == w_obj2.storage[1]
+            assert w_obj.storage[1] == w_obj2.storage[0]
+            if w_obj.storage[0] == '\x00':
+                assert w_obj2.storage[1] == '\x00'
+                assert w_obj2.storage[0] == '\x01'
+            else:
+                assert w_obj2.storage[1] == '\x01'
+                assert w_obj2.storage[0] == '\x00'
+        cls.w_check_non_native = cls.space.wrap(interp2app(check_non_native))
+        if option.runappdirect:
+            py.test.skip("not a direct test")
+
+    def test_non_native(self):
+        from _numpypy import array
+        a = array([1, 2, 3], dtype=self.non_native_prefix + 'i2')
+        assert a[0] == 1
+        assert (a + a)[1] == 4
+        self.check_non_native(a, array([1, 2, 3], 'i2'))
+
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_numarray.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_numarray.py
--- a/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_numarray.py
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_numarray.py
@@ -5,15 +5,23 @@
 from pypy.interpreter.error import OperationError
 from pypy.module.micronumpy import signature
 from pypy.module.micronumpy.appbridge import get_appbridge_cache
-from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_iter import Chunk
+from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_iter import Chunk, Chunks
 from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_numarray import W_NDimArray, shape_agreement
 from pypy.module.micronumpy.test.test_base import BaseNumpyAppTest
 
 
 class MockDtype(object):
-    def malloc(self, size):
-        return None
+    class itemtype(object):
+        @staticmethod
+        def malloc(size):
+            return None
 
+    def get_size(self):
+        return 1
+
+
+def create_slice(a, chunks):
+    return Chunks(chunks).apply(a)
 
 class TestNumArrayDirect(object):
     def newslice(self, *args):
@@ -29,116 +37,116 @@
         return self.space.newtuple(args_w)
 
     def test_strides_f(self):
-        a = W_NDimArray(100, [10, 5, 3], MockDtype(), 'F')
+        a = W_NDimArray([10, 5, 3], MockDtype(), 'F')
         assert a.strides == [1, 10, 50]
         assert a.backstrides == [9, 40, 100]
 
     def test_strides_c(self):
-        a = W_NDimArray(100, [10, 5, 3], MockDtype(), 'C')
+        a = W_NDimArray([10, 5, 3], MockDtype(), 'C')
         assert a.strides == [15, 3, 1]
         assert a.backstrides == [135, 12, 2]
 
     def test_create_slice_f(self):
-        a = W_NDimArray(10 * 5 * 3, [10, 5, 3], MockDtype(), 'F')
-        s = a.create_slice([Chunk(3, 0, 0, 1)])
+        a = W_NDimArray([10, 5, 3], MockDtype(), 'F')
+        s = create_slice(a, [Chunk(3, 0, 0, 1)])
         assert s.start == 3
         assert s.strides == [10, 50]
         assert s.backstrides == [40, 100]
-        s = a.create_slice([Chunk(1, 9, 2, 4)])
+        s = create_slice(a, [Chunk(1, 9, 2, 4)])
         assert s.start == 1
         assert s.strides == [2, 10, 50]
         assert s.backstrides == [6, 40, 100]
-        s = a.create_slice([Chunk(1, 5, 3, 2), Chunk(1, 2, 1, 1), Chunk(1, 0, 0, 1)])
+        s = create_slice(a, [Chunk(1, 5, 3, 2), Chunk(1, 2, 1, 1), Chunk(1, 0, 0, 1)])
         assert s.shape == [2, 1]
         assert s.strides == [3, 10]
         assert s.backstrides == [3, 0]
-        s = a.create_slice([Chunk(0, 10, 1, 10), Chunk(2, 0, 0, 1)])
+        s = create_slice(a, [Chunk(0, 10, 1, 10), Chunk(2, 0, 0, 1)])
         assert s.start == 20
         assert s.shape == [10, 3]
 
     def test_create_slice_c(self):
-        a = W_NDimArray(10 * 5 * 3, [10, 5, 3], MockDtype(), 'C')
-        s = a.create_slice([Chunk(3, 0, 0, 1)])
+        a = W_NDimArray([10, 5, 3], MockDtype(), 'C')
+        s = create_slice(a, [Chunk(3, 0, 0, 1)])
         assert s.start == 45
         assert s.strides == [3, 1]
         assert s.backstrides == [12, 2]
-        s = a.create_slice([Chunk(1, 9, 2, 4)])
+        s = create_slice(a, [Chunk(1, 9, 2, 4)])
         assert s.start == 15
         assert s.strides == [30, 3, 1]
         assert s.backstrides == [90, 12, 2]
-        s = a.create_slice([Chunk(1, 5, 3, 2), Chunk(1, 2, 1, 1),
+        s = create_slice(a, [Chunk(1, 5, 3, 2), Chunk(1, 2, 1, 1),
                             Chunk(1, 0, 0, 1)])
         assert s.start == 19
         assert s.shape == [2, 1]
         assert s.strides == [45, 3]
         assert s.backstrides == [45, 0]
-        s = a.create_slice([Chunk(0, 10, 1, 10), Chunk(2, 0, 0, 1)])
+        s = create_slice(a, [Chunk(0, 10, 1, 10), Chunk(2, 0, 0, 1)])
         assert s.start == 6
         assert s.shape == [10, 3]
 
     def test_slice_of_slice_f(self):
-        a = W_NDimArray(10 * 5 * 3, [10, 5, 3], MockDtype(), 'F')
-        s = a.create_slice([Chunk(5, 0, 0, 1)])
+        a = W_NDimArray([10, 5, 3], MockDtype(), 'F')
+        s = create_slice(a, [Chunk(5, 0, 0, 1)])
         assert s.start == 5
-        s2 = s.create_slice([Chunk(3, 0, 0, 1)])
+        s2 = create_slice(s, [Chunk(3, 0, 0, 1)])
         assert s2.shape == [3]
         assert s2.strides == [50]
         assert s2.parent is a
         assert s2.backstrides == [100]
         assert s2.start == 35
-        s = a.create_slice([Chunk(1, 5, 3, 2)])
-        s2 = s.create_slice([Chunk(0, 2, 1, 2), Chunk(2, 0, 0, 1)])
+        s = create_slice(a, [Chunk(1, 5, 3, 2)])
+        s2 = create_slice(s, [Chunk(0, 2, 1, 2), Chunk(2, 0, 0, 1)])
         assert s2.shape == [2, 3]
         assert s2.strides == [3, 50]
         assert s2.backstrides == [3, 100]
         assert s2.start == 1 * 15 + 2 * 3
 
     def test_slice_of_slice_c(self):
-        a = W_NDimArray(10 * 5 * 3, [10, 5, 3], MockDtype(), order='C')
-        s = a.create_slice([Chunk(5, 0, 0, 1)])
+        a = W_NDimArray([10, 5, 3], MockDtype(), order='C')
+        s = create_slice(a, [Chunk(5, 0, 0, 1)])
         assert s.start == 15 * 5
-        s2 = s.create_slice([Chunk(3, 0, 0, 1)])
+        s2 = create_slice(s, [Chunk(3, 0, 0, 1)])
         assert s2.shape == [3]
         assert s2.strides == [1]
         assert s2.parent is a
         assert s2.backstrides == [2]
         assert s2.start == 5 * 15 + 3 * 3
-        s = a.create_slice([Chunk(1, 5, 3, 2)])
-        s2 = s.create_slice([Chunk(0, 2, 1, 2), Chunk(2, 0, 0, 1)])
+        s = create_slice(a, [Chunk(1, 5, 3, 2)])
+        s2 = create_slice(s, [Chunk(0, 2, 1, 2), Chunk(2, 0, 0, 1)])
         assert s2.shape == [2, 3]
         assert s2.strides == [45, 1]
         assert s2.backstrides == [45, 2]
         assert s2.start == 1 * 15 + 2 * 3
 
     def test_negative_step_f(self):
-        a = W_NDimArray(10 * 5 * 3, [10, 5, 3], MockDtype(), 'F')
-        s = a.create_slice([Chunk(9, -1, -2, 5)])
+        a = W_NDimArray([10, 5, 3], MockDtype(), 'F')
+        s = create_slice(a, [Chunk(9, -1, -2, 5)])
         assert s.start == 9
         assert s.strides == [-2, 10, 50]
         assert s.backstrides == [-8, 40, 100]
 
     def test_negative_step_c(self):
-        a = W_NDimArray(10 * 5 * 3, [10, 5, 3], MockDtype(), order='C')
-        s = a.create_slice([Chunk(9, -1, -2, 5)])
+        a = W_NDimArray([10, 5, 3], MockDtype(), order='C')
+        s = create_slice(a, [Chunk(9, -1, -2, 5)])
         assert s.start == 135
         assert s.strides == [-30, 3, 1]
         assert s.backstrides == [-120, 12, 2]
 
     def test_index_of_single_item_f(self):
-        a = W_NDimArray(10 * 5 * 3, [10, 5, 3], MockDtype(), 'F')
+        a = W_NDimArray([10, 5, 3], MockDtype(), 'F')
         r = a._index_of_single_item(self.space, self.newtuple(1, 2, 2))
         assert r == 1 + 2 * 10 + 2 * 50
-        s = a.create_slice([Chunk(0, 10, 1, 10), Chunk(2, 0, 0, 1)])
+        s = create_slice(a, [Chunk(0, 10, 1, 10), Chunk(2, 0, 0, 1)])
         r = s._index_of_single_item(self.space, self.newtuple(1, 0))
         assert r == a._index_of_single_item(self.space, self.newtuple(1, 2, 0))
         r = s._index_of_single_item(self.space, self.newtuple(1, 1))
         assert r == a._index_of_single_item(self.space, self.newtuple(1, 2, 1))
 
     def test_index_of_single_item_c(self):
-        a = W_NDimArray(10 * 5 * 3, [10, 5, 3], MockDtype(), 'C')
+        a = W_NDimArray([10, 5, 3], MockDtype(), 'C')
         r = a._index_of_single_item(self.space, self.newtuple(1, 2, 2))
         assert r == 1 * 3 * 5 + 2 * 3 + 2
-        s = a.create_slice([Chunk(0, 10, 1, 10), Chunk(2, 0, 0, 1)])
+        s = create_slice(a, [Chunk(0, 10, 1, 10), Chunk(2, 0, 0, 1)])
         r = s._index_of_single_item(self.space, self.newtuple(1, 0))
         assert r == a._index_of_single_item(self.space, self.newtuple(1, 2, 0))
         r = s._index_of_single_item(self.space, self.newtuple(1, 1))
@@ -203,6 +211,18 @@
         assert a.shape == (3,)
         assert a.dtype is dtype(int)
 
+    def test_ndmin(self):
+        from _numpypy import array
+
+        arr = array([[[1]]], ndmin=1)
+        assert arr.shape == (1, 1, 1)
+
+    def test_noop_ndmin(self):
+        from _numpypy import array
+
+        arr = array([1], ndmin=3)
+        assert arr.shape == (1, 1, 1)
+
     def test_type(self):
         from _numpypy import array
         ar = array(range(5))
@@ -416,6 +436,7 @@
         from numpypy.core.numeric import newaxis
         a = array(range(5))
         b = a[newaxis]
+        assert b.shape == (1, 5)
         assert (b[0,1:] == a[1:]).all()
 
     def test_slice_then_newaxis(self):
@@ -1140,7 +1161,7 @@
         assert array([True, False]).dtype is dtype(bool)
         assert array([True, 1]).dtype is dtype(int)
         assert array([1, 2, 3]).dtype is dtype(int)
-        assert array([1L, 2, 3]).dtype is dtype(long)
+        #assert array([1L, 2, 3]).dtype is dtype(long)
         assert array([1.2, True]).dtype is dtype(float)
         assert array([1.2, 5]).dtype is dtype(float)
         assert array([]).dtype is dtype(float)
@@ -1647,6 +1668,7 @@
         a = arange(12).reshape(3,4)
         b = a.T.flat
         b[6::2] = [-1, -2]
+        print a == [[0, 1, -1, 3], [4, 5, 6, -1], [8, 9, -2, 11]]
         assert (a == [[0, 1, -1, 3], [4, 5, 6, -1], [8, 9, -2, 11]]).all()
         b[0:2] = [[[100]]]
         assert(a[0,0] == 100)
@@ -1921,6 +1943,12 @@
         #5 bytes is larger than 3 bytes
         raises(ValueError, fromstring, "\x01\x02\x03", count=5, dtype=uint8)
 
+    def test_tostring(self):
+        from _numpypy import array
+        assert array([1, 2, 3], 'i2').tostring() == '\x01\x00\x02\x00\x03\x00'
+        assert array([1, 2, 3], 'i2')[::2].tostring() == '\x01\x00\x03\x00'
+        assert array([1, 2, 3], '<i2')[::2].tostring() == '\x01\x00\x03\x00'
+        assert array([1, 2, 3], '>i2')[::2].tostring() == '\x00\x01\x00\x03'
 
 class AppTestRanges(BaseNumpyAppTest):
     def test_arange(self):
@@ -1966,3 +1994,57 @@
         cache = get_appbridge_cache(cls.space)
         cache.w_array_repr = cls.old_array_repr
         cache.w_array_str = cls.old_array_str
+
+class AppTestRecordDtype(BaseNumpyAppTest):
+    def test_zeros(self):
+        from _numpypy import zeros
+        a = zeros(2, dtype=[('x', int), ('y', float)])
+        raises(IndexError, 'a[0]["xyz"]')
+        assert a[0]['x'] == 0
+        assert a[0]['y'] == 0
+        raises(ValueError, "a[0] = (1, 2, 3)")
+        a[0]['x'] = 13
+        assert a[0]['x'] == 13
+        a[1] = (1, 2)
+        assert a[1]['y'] == 2
+        b = zeros(2, dtype=[('x', int), ('y', float)])
+        b[1] = a[1]
+        assert a[1]['y'] == 2
+
+    def test_views(self):
+        from _numpypy import array
+        a = array([(1, 2), (3, 4)], dtype=[('x', int), ('y', float)])
+        raises(ValueError, 'array([1])["x"]')
+        raises(ValueError, 'a["z"]')
+        assert a['x'][1] == 3
+        assert a['y'][1] == 4
+        a['x'][0] = 15
+        assert a['x'][0] == 15
+        b = a['x'] + a['y']
+        assert (b == [15+2, 3+4]).all()
+        assert b.dtype == float
+
+    def test_assign_tuple(self):
+        from _numpypy import zeros
+        a = zeros((2, 3), dtype=[('x', int), ('y', float)])
+        a[1, 2] = (1, 2)
+        assert a['x'][1, 2] == 1
+        assert a['y'][1, 2] == 2
+
+    def test_creation_and_repr(self):
+        from _numpypy import array
+        a = array([(1, 2), (3, 4)], dtype=[('x', int), ('y', float)])
+        assert repr(a[0]) == '(1, 2.0)'
+
+    def test_nested_dtype(self):
+        from _numpypy import zeros
+        a = [('x', int), ('y', float)]
+        b = [('x', int), ('y', a)]
+        arr = zeros(3, dtype=b)
+        arr[1]['x'] = 15
+        assert arr[1]['x'] == 15
+        arr[1]['y']['y'] = 3.5
+        assert arr[1]['y']['y'] == 3.5
+        assert arr[1]['y']['x'] == 0.0
+        assert arr[1]['x'] == 15
+        
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_ufuncs.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_ufuncs.py
--- a/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_ufuncs.py
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_ufuncs.py
@@ -197,7 +197,6 @@
 
     def test_signbit(self):
         from _numpypy import signbit, copysign
-        import struct
 
         assert (signbit([0, 0.0, 1, 1.0, float('inf'), float('nan')]) ==
             [False, False, False, False, False, False]).all()
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/types.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/types.py
--- a/pypy/module/micronumpy/types.py
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/types.py
@@ -1,15 +1,20 @@
 import functools
 import math
+import struct
 
 from pypy.interpreter.error import OperationError
 from pypy.module.micronumpy import interp_boxes
 from pypy.objspace.std.floatobject import float2string
 from pypy.rlib import rfloat, libffi, clibffi
-from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import specialize
-from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import LONG_BIT, widen
+from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import specialize, we_are_translated
+from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import widen, byteswap
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, rffi
 from pypy.rlib.rstruct.runpack import runpack
+from pypy.tool.sourcetools import func_with_new_name
+from pypy.rlib import jit
 
+VOID_STORAGE = lltype.Array(lltype.Char, hints={'nolength': True,
+                                                'render_as_void': True})
 degToRad = math.pi / 180.0
 log2 = math.log(2)
 
@@ -59,9 +64,20 @@
     return dispatcher
 
 class BaseType(object):
+    _attrs_ = ()
+    
     def _unimplemented_ufunc(self, *args):
         raise NotImplementedError
 
+    def malloc(self, size):
+        # XXX find out why test_zjit explodes with tracking of allocations
+        return lltype.malloc(VOID_STORAGE, size,
+                             zero=True, flavor="raw",
+                             track_allocation=False, add_memory_pressure=True)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return self.__class__.__name__
+
 class Primitive(object):
     _mixin_ = True
 
@@ -76,7 +92,7 @@
         assert isinstance(box, self.BoxType)
         return box.value
 
-    def coerce(self, space, w_item):
+    def coerce(self, space, dtype, w_item):
         if isinstance(w_item, self.BoxType):
             return w_item
         return self.coerce_subtype(space, space.gettypefor(self.BoxType), w_item)
@@ -97,32 +113,41 @@
     def default_fromstring(self, space):
         raise NotImplementedError
 
-    def read(self, storage, width, i, offset):
-        return self.box(libffi.array_getitem(clibffi.cast_type_to_ffitype(self.T),
-            width, storage, i, offset
-        ))
+    def _read(self, storage, width, i, offset):
+        if we_are_translated():
+            return libffi.array_getitem(clibffi.cast_type_to_ffitype(self.T),
+                                        width, storage, i, offset)
+        else:
+            return libffi.array_getitem_T(self.T, width, storage, i, offset)
 
-    def read_bool(self, storage, width, i, offset):
-        return bool(self.for_computation(
-            libffi.array_getitem(clibffi.cast_type_to_ffitype(self.T),
-                                 width, storage, i, offset)))
+    def read(self, arr, width, i, offset, dtype=None):
+        return self.box(self._read(arr.storage, width, i, offset))
 
-    def store(self, storage, width, i, offset, box):
-        value = self.unbox(box)
-        libffi.array_setitem(clibffi.cast_type_to_ffitype(self.T),
-            width, storage, i, offset, value
-        )
+    def read_bool(self, arr, width, i, offset):
+        return bool(self.for_computation(self._read(arr.storage, width, i, offset)))
+
+    def _write(self, storage, width, i, offset, value):
+        if we_are_translated():
+            libffi.array_setitem(clibffi.cast_type_to_ffitype(self.T),
+                                 width, storage, i, offset, value)
+        else:
+            libffi.array_setitem_T(self.T, width, storage, i, offset, value)
+        
+
+    def store(self, arr, width, i, offset, box):
+        self._write(arr.storage, width, i, offset, self.unbox(box))
 
     def fill(self, storage, width, box, start, stop, offset):
         value = self.unbox(box)
-        for i in xrange(start, stop):
-            libffi.array_setitem(clibffi.cast_type_to_ffitype(self.T),
-                width, storage, i, offset, value
-            )
+        for i in xrange(start, stop, width):
+            self._write(storage, 1, i, offset, value)
 
     def runpack_str(self, s):
         return self.box(runpack(self.format_code, s))
 
+    def pack_str(self, box):
+        return struct.pack(self.format_code, self.unbox(box))
+
     @simple_binary_op
     def add(self, v1, v2):
         return v1 + v2
@@ -214,8 +239,31 @@
     def min(self, v1, v2):
         return min(v1, v2)
 
+class NonNativePrimitive(Primitive):
+    _mixin_ = True
+    
+    def _read(self, storage, width, i, offset):
+        if we_are_translated():
+            res = libffi.array_getitem(clibffi.cast_type_to_ffitype(self.T),
+                                        width, storage, i, offset)
+        else:
+            res = libffi.array_getitem_T(self.T, width, storage, i, offset)
+        return byteswap(res)
+
+    def _write(self, storage, width, i, offset, value):
+        value = byteswap(value)
+        if we_are_translated():
+            libffi.array_setitem(clibffi.cast_type_to_ffitype(self.T),
+                                 width, storage, i, offset, value)
+        else:
+            libffi.array_setitem_T(self.T, width, storage, i, offset, value)
+
+    def pack_str(self, box):
+        return struct.pack(self.format_code, byteswap(self.unbox(box)))
 
 class Bool(BaseType, Primitive):
+    _attrs_ = ()
+
     T = lltype.Bool
     BoxType = interp_boxes.W_BoolBox
     format_code = "?"
@@ -242,8 +290,7 @@
         return space.wrap(self.unbox(w_item))
 
     def str_format(self, box):
-        value = self.unbox(box)
-        return "True" if value else "False"
+        return "True" if self.unbox(box) else "False"
 
     def for_computation(self, v):
         return int(v)
@@ -267,15 +314,18 @@
     def invert(self, v):
         return ~v
 
+NonNativeBool = Bool
+
 class Integer(Primitive):
     _mixin_ = True
 
+    def _base_coerce(self, space, w_item):
+        return self.box(space.int_w(space.call_function(space.w_int, w_item)))
     def _coerce(self, space, w_item):
-        return self.box(space.int_w(space.call_function(space.w_int, w_item)))
+        return self._base_coerce(space, w_item)
 
     def str_format(self, box):
-        value = self.unbox(box)
-        return str(self.for_computation(value))
+        return str(self.for_computation(self.unbox(box)))
 
     def for_computation(self, v):
         return widen(v)
@@ -347,68 +397,170 @@
     def invert(self, v):
         return ~v
 
+class NonNativeInteger(NonNativePrimitive, Integer):
+    _mixin_ = True
+
 class Int8(BaseType, Integer):
+    _attrs_ = ()
+
     T = rffi.SIGNEDCHAR
     BoxType = interp_boxes.W_Int8Box
     format_code = "b"
+NonNativeInt8 = Int8
 
 class UInt8(BaseType, Integer):
+    _attrs_ = ()
+
     T = rffi.UCHAR
     BoxType = interp_boxes.W_UInt8Box
     format_code = "B"
+NonNativeUInt8 = UInt8
 
 class Int16(BaseType, Integer):
+    _attrs_ = ()
+
+    T = rffi.SHORT
+    BoxType = interp_boxes.W_Int16Box
+    format_code = "h"
+
+class NonNativeInt16(BaseType, NonNativeInteger):
+    _attrs_ = ()
+
     T = rffi.SHORT
     BoxType = interp_boxes.W_Int16Box
     format_code = "h"
 
 class UInt16(BaseType, Integer):
+    _attrs_ = ()
+
+    T = rffi.USHORT
+    BoxType = interp_boxes.W_UInt16Box
+    format_code = "H"
+
+class NonNativeUInt16(BaseType, NonNativeInteger):
+    _attrs_ = ()
+
     T = rffi.USHORT
     BoxType = interp_boxes.W_UInt16Box
     format_code = "H"
 
 class Int32(BaseType, Integer):
+    _attrs_ = ()
+
+    T = rffi.INT
+    BoxType = interp_boxes.W_Int32Box
+    format_code = "i"
+
+class NonNativeInt32(BaseType, NonNativeInteger):
+    _attrs_ = ()
+
     T = rffi.INT
     BoxType = interp_boxes.W_Int32Box
     format_code = "i"
 
 class UInt32(BaseType, Integer):
+    _attrs_ = ()
+
+    T = rffi.UINT
+    BoxType = interp_boxes.W_UInt32Box
+    format_code = "I"
+
+class NonNativeUInt32(BaseType, NonNativeInteger):
+    _attrs_ = ()
+
     T = rffi.UINT
     BoxType = interp_boxes.W_UInt32Box
     format_code = "I"
 
 class Long(BaseType, Integer):
+    _attrs_ = ()
+
+    T = rffi.LONG
+    BoxType = interp_boxes.W_LongBox
+    format_code = "l"
+
+class NonNativeLong(BaseType, NonNativeInteger):
+    _attrs_ = ()
+
     T = rffi.LONG
     BoxType = interp_boxes.W_LongBox
     format_code = "l"
 
 class ULong(BaseType, Integer):
+    _attrs_ = ()
+
     T = rffi.ULONG
     BoxType = interp_boxes.W_ULongBox
     format_code = "L"
 
+class NonNativeULong(BaseType, NonNativeInteger):
+    _attrs_ = ()
+
+    T = rffi.ULONG
+    BoxType = interp_boxes.W_ULongBox
+    format_code = "L"
+
+def _int64_coerce(self, space, w_item):
+    try:
+        return self._base_coerce(space, w_item)
+    except OperationError, e:
+        if not e.match(space, space.w_OverflowError):
+            raise
+    bigint = space.bigint_w(w_item)
+    try:
+        value = bigint.tolonglong()
+    except OverflowError:
+        raise OperationError(space.w_OverflowError, space.w_None)
+    return self.box(value)
+
 class Int64(BaseType, Integer):
+    _attrs_ = ()
+
     T = rffi.LONGLONG
     BoxType = interp_boxes.W_Int64Box
     format_code = "q"
 
+    _coerce = func_with_new_name(_int64_coerce, '_coerce')
+
+class NonNativeInt64(BaseType, NonNativeInteger):
+    _attrs_ = ()
+
+    T = rffi.LONGLONG
+    BoxType = interp_boxes.W_Int64Box
+    format_code = "q"    
+
+    _coerce = func_with_new_name(_int64_coerce, '_coerce')
+
+def _uint64_coerce(self, space, w_item):
+    try:
+        return self._base_coerce(space, w_item)
+    except OperationError, e:
+        if not e.match(space, space.w_OverflowError):
+            raise
+    bigint = space.bigint_w(w_item)
+    try:
+        value = bigint.toulonglong()
+    except OverflowError:
+        raise OperationError(space.w_OverflowError, space.w_None)
+    return self.box(value)
+
 class UInt64(BaseType, Integer):
+    _attrs_ = ()
+
     T = rffi.ULONGLONG
     BoxType = interp_boxes.W_UInt64Box
     format_code = "Q"
 
-    def _coerce(self, space, w_item):
-        try:
-            return Integer._coerce(self, space, w_item)
-        except OperationError, e:
-            if not e.match(space, space.w_OverflowError):
-                raise
-        bigint = space.bigint_w(w_item)
-        try:
-            value = bigint.toulonglong()
-        except OverflowError:
-            raise OperationError(space.w_OverflowError, space.w_None)
-        return self.box(value)
+    _coerce = func_with_new_name(_uint64_coerce, '_coerce')
+
+class NonNativeUInt64(BaseType, NonNativeInteger):
+    _attrs_ = ()
+
+    T = rffi.ULONGLONG
+    BoxType = interp_boxes.W_UInt64Box
+    format_code = "Q"
+
+    _coerce = func_with_new_name(_uint64_coerce, '_coerce')
 
 class Float(Primitive):
     _mixin_ = True
@@ -417,8 +569,8 @@
         return self.box(space.float_w(space.call_function(space.w_float, w_item)))
 
     def str_format(self, box):
-        value = self.unbox(box)
-        return float2string(self.for_computation(value), "g", rfloat.DTSF_STR_PRECISION)
+        return float2string(self.for_computation(self.unbox(box)), "g",
+                            rfloat.DTSF_STR_PRECISION)
 
     def for_computation(self, v):
         return float(v)
@@ -702,13 +854,158 @@
                 return -rfloat.INFINITY
             return rfloat.NAN
 
+class NonNativeFloat(NonNativePrimitive, Float):
+    _mixin_ = True
+
+    def _read(self, storage, width, i, offset):
+        if we_are_translated():
+            res = libffi.array_getitem(clibffi.cast_type_to_ffitype(self.T),
+                                        width, storage, i, offset)
+        else:
+            res = libffi.array_getitem_T(self.T, width, storage, i, offset)
+        #return byteswap(res)
+        return res
+
+    def _write(self, storage, width, i, offset, value):
+        #value = byteswap(value) XXX
+        if we_are_translated():
+            libffi.array_setitem(clibffi.cast_type_to_ffitype(self.T),
+                                 width, storage, i, offset, value)
+        else:
+            libffi.array_setitem_T(self.T, width, storage, i, offset, value)
+
+    def pack_str(self, box):
+        # XXX byteswap
+        return struct.pack(self.format_code, self.unbox(box))
+
 
 class Float32(BaseType, Float):
+    _attrs_ = ()
+
     T = rffi.FLOAT
     BoxType = interp_boxes.W_Float32Box
     format_code = "f"
 
+class NonNativeFloat32(BaseType, NonNativeFloat):
+    _attrs_ = ()
+
+    T = rffi.FLOAT
+    BoxType = interp_boxes.W_Float32Box
+    format_code = "f"    
+
 class Float64(BaseType, Float):
+    _attrs_ = ()
+
     T = rffi.DOUBLE
     BoxType = interp_boxes.W_Float64Box
     format_code = "d"
+
+class NonNativeFloat64(BaseType, NonNativeFloat):
+    _attrs_ = ()
+
+    T = rffi.DOUBLE
+    BoxType = interp_boxes.W_Float64Box
+    format_code = "d"
+
+class BaseStringType(object):
+    _mixin_ = True
+    
+    def __init__(self, size=0):
+        self.size = size
+
+    def get_element_size(self):
+        return self.size * rffi.sizeof(self.T)
+
+class StringType(BaseType, BaseStringType):
+    T = lltype.Char
+
+class VoidType(BaseType, BaseStringType):
+    T = lltype.Char
+
+NonNativeVoidType = VoidType
+NonNativeStringType = StringType
+
+class UnicodeType(BaseType, BaseStringType):
+    T = lltype.UniChar
+
+NonNativeUnicodeType = UnicodeType
+
+class RecordType(BaseType):
+
+    T = lltype.Char
+
+    def __init__(self, offsets_and_fields, size):
+        self.offsets_and_fields = offsets_and_fields
+        self.size = size
+
+    def get_element_size(self):
+        return self.size
+    
+    def read(self, arr, width, i, offset, dtype=None):
+        if dtype is None:
+            dtype = arr.dtype
+        return interp_boxes.W_VoidBox(arr, i + offset, dtype)
+
+    @jit.unroll_safe
+    def coerce(self, space, dtype, w_item): 
+        from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_numarray import W_NDimArray
+
+        if isinstance(w_item, interp_boxes.W_VoidBox):
+            return w_item
+        # we treat every sequence as sequence, no special support
+        # for arrays
+        if not space.issequence_w(w_item):
+            raise OperationError(space.w_TypeError, space.wrap(
+                "expected sequence"))
+        if len(self.offsets_and_fields) != space.int_w(space.len(w_item)):
+            raise OperationError(space.w_ValueError, space.wrap(
+                "wrong length"))
+        items_w = space.fixedview(w_item)
+        # XXX optimize it out one day, but for now we just allocate an
+        #     array
+        arr = W_NDimArray([1], dtype)
+        for i in range(len(items_w)):
+            subdtype = dtype.fields[dtype.fieldnames[i]][1]
+            ofs, itemtype = self.offsets_and_fields[i]
+            w_item = items_w[i]
+            w_box = itemtype.coerce(space, subdtype, w_item)
+            itemtype.store(arr, 1, 0, ofs, w_box)
+        return interp_boxes.W_VoidBox(arr, 0, arr.dtype)
+
+    @jit.unroll_safe
+    def store(self, arr, _, i, ofs, box):
+        assert isinstance(box, interp_boxes.W_VoidBox)
+        for k in range(self.get_element_size()):
+            arr.storage[k + i] = box.arr.storage[k + box.ofs]
+
+    @jit.unroll_safe
+    def str_format(self, box):
+        assert isinstance(box, interp_boxes.W_VoidBox)
+        pieces = ["("]
+        first = True
+        for ofs, tp in self.offsets_and_fields:
+            if first:
+                first = False
+            else:
+                pieces.append(", ")
+            pieces.append(tp.str_format(tp.read(box.arr, 1, box.ofs, ofs)))
+        pieces.append(")")
+        return "".join(pieces)
+
+for tp in [Int32, Int64]:
+    if tp.T == lltype.Signed:
+        IntP = tp
+        break
+for tp in [UInt32, UInt64]:
+    if tp.T == lltype.Unsigned:
+        UIntP = tp
+        break
+del tp
+
+def _setup():
+    # compute alignment
+    for tp in globals().values():
+        if isinstance(tp, type) and hasattr(tp, 'T'):
+            tp.alignment = clibffi.cast_type_to_ffitype(tp.T).c_alignment
+_setup()
+del _setup
diff --git a/pypy/module/posix/test/test_posix2.py b/pypy/module/posix/test/test_posix2.py
--- a/pypy/module/posix/test/test_posix2.py
+++ b/pypy/module/posix/test/test_posix2.py
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@
 
 def setup_module(mod):
     if os.name != 'nt':
-        mod.space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=['posix', 'fcntl'])
+        mod.space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=['posix', 'fcntl', 'struct'])
     else:
         # On windows, os.popen uses the subprocess module
-        mod.space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=['posix', '_rawffi', 'thread'])
+        mod.space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=['posix', '_rawffi', 'thread', 'struct'])
     mod.path = udir.join('posixtestfile.txt')
     mod.path.write("this is a test")
     mod.path2 = udir.join('test_posix2-')
diff --git a/pypy/module/rctime/test/test_rctime.py b/pypy/module/rctime/test/test_rctime.py
--- a/pypy/module/rctime/test/test_rctime.py
+++ b/pypy/module/rctime/test/test_rctime.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 class AppTestRCTime:
     def setup_class(cls):
-        space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=('rctime',))
+        space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=('rctime', 'struct'))
         cls.space = space
 
     def test_attributes(self):
diff --git a/pypy/module/test_lib_pypy/numpypy/core/test_numeric.py b/pypy/module/test_lib_pypy/numpypy/core/test_numeric.py
--- a/pypy/module/test_lib_pypy/numpypy/core/test_numeric.py
+++ b/pypy/module/test_lib_pypy/numpypy/core/test_numeric.py
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
         assert repr(a) == "array([], dtype=float64)"
         a = zeros(1001)
         assert repr(a) == "array([ 0.,  0.,  0., ...,  0.,  0.,  0.])"
-        a = array(range(5), long)
+        a = array(range(5), int)
         if a.dtype.itemsize == int_size:
             assert repr(a) == "array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])"
         else:
@@ -142,3 +142,39 @@
         assert str(b) == "[7 8 9]"
         b = a[2:1, ]
         assert str(b) == "[]"
+
+    def test_equal(self):
+        from _numpypy import array
+        from numpypy import array_equal
+        
+        a = [1, 2, 3]
+        b = [1, 2, 3]
+        
+        assert array_equal(a, b)
+        assert array_equal(a, array(b))
+        assert array_equal(array(a), b)
+        assert array_equal(array(a), array(b))
+
+    def test_not_equal(self):
+        from _numpypy import array
+        from numpypy import array_equal
+        
+        a = [1, 2, 3]
+        b = [1, 2, 4]
+        
+        assert not array_equal(a, b)
+        assert not array_equal(a, array(b))
+        assert not array_equal(array(a), b)
+        assert not array_equal(array(a), array(b))
+
+    def test_mismatched_shape(self):
+        from _numpypy import array
+        from numpypy import array_equal
+        
+        a = [1, 2, 3]
+        b = [[1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3]]
+        
+        assert not array_equal(a, b)
+        assert not array_equal(a, array(b))
+        assert not array_equal(array(a), b)
+        assert not array_equal(array(a), array(b))
diff --git a/pypy/module/test_lib_pypy/test_binascii.py b/pypy/module/test_lib_pypy/test_binascii.py
deleted file mode 100644
--- a/pypy/module/test_lib_pypy/test_binascii.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-
-""" Some more binascii.py tests
-"""
-
-class AppTestBinAscii:
-    def test_incorrect_padding(self):
-        import binascii
-        raises(binascii.Error, "'x'.decode('base64')")
diff --git a/pypy/module/zipimport/test/test_undocumented.py b/pypy/module/zipimport/test/test_undocumented.py
--- a/pypy/module/zipimport/test/test_undocumented.py
+++ b/pypy/module/zipimport/test/test_undocumented.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 
 class AppTestZipImport:
     def setup_class(cls):
-        space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=['zipimport', 'rctime'])
+        space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=['zipimport', 'rctime', 'struct'])
         cls.space = space
         cls.w_created_paths = space.wrap(created_paths)
     
diff --git a/pypy/module/zipimport/test/test_zipimport.py b/pypy/module/zipimport/test/test_zipimport.py
--- a/pypy/module/zipimport/test/test_zipimport.py
+++ b/pypy/module/zipimport/test/test_zipimport.py
@@ -47,9 +47,9 @@
         """).compile()
 
         if cls.compression == ZIP_DEFLATED:
-            space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=['zipimport', 'zlib', 'rctime'])
+            space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=['zipimport', 'zlib', 'rctime', 'struct'])
         else:
-            space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=['zipimport', 'rctime'])
+            space = gettestobjspace(usemodules=['zipimport', 'rctime', 'struct'])
             
         cls.space = space
         tmpdir = udir.ensure('zipimport_%s' % cls.__name__, dir=1)
diff --git a/pypy/objspace/fake/objspace.py b/pypy/objspace/fake/objspace.py
--- a/pypy/objspace/fake/objspace.py
+++ b/pypy/objspace/fake/objspace.py
@@ -207,6 +207,11 @@
         is_arguments(args)
         return w_some_obj()
 
+    def get_and_call_function(space, w_descr, w_obj, *args_w):
+        args = argument.Arguments(space, list(args_w))
+        w_impl = space.get(w_descr, w_obj)
+        return space.call_args(w_impl, args)
+
     def gettypefor(self, cls):
         return self.gettypeobject(cls.typedef)
 
diff --git a/pypy/objspace/flow/model.py b/pypy/objspace/flow/model.py
--- a/pypy/objspace/flow/model.py
+++ b/pypy/objspace/flow/model.py
@@ -7,8 +7,7 @@
 from pypy.tool.uid import uid, Hashable
 from pypy.tool.descriptor import roproperty
 from pypy.tool.sourcetools import PY_IDENTIFIER, nice_repr_for_func
-from pypy.tool.identity_dict import identity_dict
-from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import is_valid_int
+from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import is_valid_int, r_longlong, r_ulonglong, r_uint
 
 
 """
@@ -546,6 +545,8 @@
                     for n in cases[:len(cases)-has_default]:
                         if is_valid_int(n):
                             continue
+                        if isinstance(n, (r_longlong, r_ulonglong, r_uint)):
+                            continue
                         if isinstance(n, (str, unicode)) and len(n) == 1:
                             continue
                         assert n != 'default', (
diff --git a/pypy/objspace/std/complexobject.py b/pypy/objspace/std/complexobject.py
--- a/pypy/objspace/std/complexobject.py
+++ b/pypy/objspace/std/complexobject.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 from pypy.rlib.rfloat import (
     formatd, DTSF_STR_PRECISION, isinf, isnan, copysign)
 from pypy.rlib import jit
+from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import intmask
 
 import math
 
@@ -173,7 +174,7 @@
 def hash__Complex(space, w_value):
     hashreal = _hash_float(space, w_value.realval)
     hashimg = _hash_float(space, w_value.imagval)
-    combined = hashreal + 1000003 * hashimg
+    combined = intmask(hashreal + 1000003 * hashimg)
     return space.newint(combined)
 
 def add__Complex_Complex(space, w_complex1, w_complex2):
diff --git a/pypy/objspace/std/iterobject.py b/pypy/objspace/std/iterobject.py
--- a/pypy/objspace/std/iterobject.py
+++ b/pypy/objspace/std/iterobject.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
         index = self.index
         w_length = space.len(self.w_seq)
         w_len = space.sub(w_length, space.wrap(index))
-        if space.is_true(space.lt(w_len,space.wrap(0))):
+        if space.is_true(space.lt(w_len, space.wrap(0))):
             w_len = space.wrap(0)
         return w_len
 
@@ -30,21 +30,21 @@
     """Sequence iterator implementation for general sequences."""
 
 class W_FastListIterObject(W_AbstractSeqIterObject):
-    """Sequence iterator specialized for lists, accessing
-    directly their RPython-level list of wrapped objects.
+    """Sequence iterator specialized for lists, accessing directly their
+    RPython-level list of wrapped objects.
     """
 
 class W_FastTupleIterObject(W_AbstractSeqIterObject):
-   """Sequence iterator specialized for tuples, accessing
-   directly their RPython-level list of wrapped objects.
-   """ 
-   def __init__(w_self, w_seq, wrappeditems):
+    """Sequence iterator specialized for tuples, accessing directly
+    their RPython-level list of wrapped objects.
+    """
+    def __init__(w_self, w_seq, wrappeditems):
         W_AbstractSeqIterObject.__init__(w_self, w_seq)
         w_self.tupleitems = wrappeditems
 
 class W_ReverseSeqIterObject(W_Object):
     from pypy.objspace.std.itertype import reverse_iter_typedef as typedef
-    
+
     def __init__(w_self, space, w_seq, index=-1):
         w_self.w_seq = w_seq
         w_self.w_len = space.len(w_seq)
@@ -61,15 +61,15 @@
 
 def next__SeqIter(space, w_seqiter):
     if w_seqiter.w_seq is None:
-        raise OperationError(space.w_StopIteration, space.w_None) 
+        raise OperationError(space.w_StopIteration, space.w_None)
     try:
         w_item = space.getitem(w_seqiter.w_seq, space.wrap(w_seqiter.index))
     except OperationError, e:
         w_seqiter.w_seq = None
         if not e.match(space, space.w_IndexError):
             raise
-        raise OperationError(space.w_StopIteration, space.w_None) 
-    w_seqiter.index += 1 
+        raise OperationError(space.w_StopIteration, space.w_None)
+    w_seqiter.index += 1
     return w_item
 
 # XXX __length_hint__()
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@
     except IndexError:
         w_seqiter.tupleitems = None
         w_seqiter.w_seq = None
-        raise OperationError(space.w_StopIteration, space.w_None) 
+        raise OperationError(space.w_StopIteration, space.w_None)
     w_seqiter.index = index + 1
     return w_item
 
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@
         w_item = w_seq.getitem(index)
     except IndexError:
         w_seqiter.w_seq = None
-        raise OperationError(space.w_StopIteration, space.w_None) 
+        raise OperationError(space.w_StopIteration, space.w_None)
     w_seqiter.index = index + 1
     return w_item
 
@@ -126,15 +126,15 @@
 
 def next__ReverseSeqIter(space, w_seqiter):
     if w_seqiter.w_seq is None or w_seqiter.index < 0:
-        raise OperationError(space.w_StopIteration, space.w_None) 
+        raise OperationError(space.w_StopIteration, space.w_None)
     try:
         w_item = space.getitem(w_seqiter.w_seq, space.wrap(w_seqiter.index))
-        w_seqiter.index -= 1 
+        w_seqiter.index -= 1
     except OperationError, e:
         w_seqiter.w_seq = None
         if not e.match(space, space.w_IndexError):
             raise
-        raise OperationError(space.w_StopIteration, space.w_None) 
+        raise OperationError(space.w_StopIteration, space.w_None)
     return w_item
 
 # XXX __length_hint__()
diff --git a/pypy/objspace/std/ropeobject.py b/pypy/objspace/std/ropeobject.py
--- a/pypy/objspace/std/ropeobject.py
+++ b/pypy/objspace/std/ropeobject.py
@@ -41,11 +41,6 @@
             return w_self
         return W_RopeObject(w_self._node)
 
-    def unicode_w(w_self, space):
-        # XXX should this use the default encoding?
-        from pypy.objspace.std.unicodetype import plain_str2unicode
-        return plain_str2unicode(space, w_self._node.flatten_string())
-
 W_RopeObject.EMPTY = W_RopeObject(rope.LiteralStringNode.EMPTY)
 W_RopeObject.PREBUILT = [W_RopeObject(rope.LiteralStringNode.PREBUILT[i])
                              for i in range(256)]
diff --git a/pypy/objspace/std/stringobject.py b/pypy/objspace/std/stringobject.py
--- a/pypy/objspace/std/stringobject.py
+++ b/pypy/objspace/std/stringobject.py
@@ -37,6 +37,20 @@
             return None
         return space.wrap(compute_unique_id(space.str_w(self)))
 
+    def unicode_w(w_self, space):
+        # Use the default encoding.
+        from pypy.objspace.std.unicodetype import unicode_from_string, \
+                decode_object
+        w_defaultencoding = space.call_function(space.sys.get(
+                                                'getdefaultencoding'))
+        from pypy.objspace.std.unicodetype import _get_encoding_and_errors, \
+            unicode_from_string, decode_object
+        encoding, errors = _get_encoding_and_errors(space, w_defaultencoding,
+                                                    space.w_None)
+        if encoding is None and errors is None:
+            return space.unicode_w(unicode_from_string(space, w_self))
+        return space.unicode_w(decode_object(space, w_self, encoding, errors))
+
 
 class W_StringObject(W_AbstractStringObject):
     from pypy.objspace.std.stringtype import str_typedef as typedef
@@ -55,20 +69,6 @@
     def str_w(w_self, space):
         return w_self._value
 
-    def unicode_w(w_self, space):
-        # Use the default encoding.
-        from pypy.objspace.std.unicodetype import unicode_from_string, \
-                decode_object
-        w_defaultencoding = space.call_function(space.sys.get(
-                                                'getdefaultencoding'))
-        from pypy.objspace.std.unicodetype import _get_encoding_and_errors, \
-            unicode_from_string, decode_object
-        encoding, errors = _get_encoding_and_errors(space, w_defaultencoding,
-                                                    space.w_None)
-        if encoding is None and errors is None:
-            return space.unicode_w(unicode_from_string(space, w_self))
-        return space.unicode_w(decode_object(space, w_self, encoding, errors))
-
 registerimplementation(W_StringObject)
 
 W_StringObject.EMPTY = W_StringObject('')
diff --git a/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_obj.py b/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_obj.py
--- a/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_obj.py
+++ b/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_obj.py
@@ -265,4 +265,7 @@
     space = objspace.StdObjSpace()
     w_a = space.wrap("a")
     space.type = None
+    # if it crashes, it means that space._type_isinstance didn't go through
+    # the fast path, and tries to call type() (which is set to None just
+    # above)
     space.isinstance_w(w_a, space.w_str) # does not crash
diff --git a/pypy/rlib/bitmanipulation.py b/pypy/rlib/bitmanipulation.py
--- a/pypy/rlib/bitmanipulation.py
+++ b/pypy/rlib/bitmanipulation.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from pypy.rlib import unroll
 
+
 class BitSplitter(dict):
     def __getitem__(self, lengths):
         if isinstance(lengths, int):
diff --git a/pypy/rlib/clibffi.py b/pypy/rlib/clibffi.py
--- a/pypy/rlib/clibffi.py
+++ b/pypy/rlib/clibffi.py
@@ -233,6 +233,7 @@
     (rffi.LONGLONG, _signed_type_for(rffi.LONGLONG)),
     (lltype.UniChar, _unsigned_type_for(lltype.UniChar)),
     (lltype.Bool, _unsigned_type_for(lltype.Bool)),
+    (lltype.Char, _signed_type_for(lltype.Char)),
     ]
 
 __float_type_map = [
diff --git a/pypy/rlib/libffi.py b/pypy/rlib/libffi.py
--- a/pypy/rlib/libffi.py
+++ b/pypy/rlib/libffi.py
@@ -429,6 +429,11 @@
             return rffi.cast(rffi.CArrayPtr(TYPE), addr)[0]
     assert False
 
+def array_getitem_T(TYPE, width, addr, index, offset):
+    addr = rffi.ptradd(addr, index * width)
+    addr = rffi.ptradd(addr, offset)
+    return rffi.cast(rffi.CArrayPtr(TYPE), addr)[0]
+
 @specialize.call_location()
 @jit.oopspec("libffi_array_setitem(ffitype, width, addr, index, offset, value)")
 def array_setitem(ffitype, width, addr, index, offset, value):
@@ -439,3 +444,8 @@
             rffi.cast(rffi.CArrayPtr(TYPE), addr)[0] = value
             return
     assert False
+
+def array_setitem_T(TYPE, width, addr, index, offset, value):
+    addr = rffi.ptradd(addr, index * width)
+    addr = rffi.ptradd(addr, offset)
+    rffi.cast(rffi.CArrayPtr(TYPE), addr)[0] = value
diff --git a/pypy/rlib/longlong2float.py b/pypy/rlib/longlong2float.py
--- a/pypy/rlib/longlong2float.py
+++ b/pypy/rlib/longlong2float.py
@@ -5,7 +5,12 @@
 long long to a float and back to a long long.  There are corner cases
 in which it does not work.
 """
+
+from pypy.annotation import model as annmodel
+from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import r_int64
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, rffi
+from pypy.rpython.extregistry import ExtRegistryEntry
+from pypy.translator.tool.cbuild import ExternalCompilationInfo
 
 
 # -------- implement longlong2float and float2longlong --------
@@ -16,38 +21,33 @@
 
 # these definitions are used only in tests, when not translated
 def longlong2float_emulator(llval):
-    d_array = lltype.malloc(DOUBLE_ARRAY_PTR.TO, 1, flavor='raw')
-    ll_array = rffi.cast(LONGLONG_ARRAY_PTR, d_array)
-    ll_array[0] = llval
-    floatval = d_array[0]
-    lltype.free(d_array, flavor='raw')
-    return floatval
+    with lltype.scoped_alloc(DOUBLE_ARRAY_PTR.TO, 1) as d_array:
+        ll_array = rffi.cast(LONGLONG_ARRAY_PTR, d_array)
+        ll_array[0] = llval
+        floatval = d_array[0]
+        return floatval
 
-def float2longlong_emulator(floatval):
-    d_array = lltype.malloc(DOUBLE_ARRAY_PTR.TO, 1, flavor='raw')
-    ll_array = rffi.cast(LONGLONG_ARRAY_PTR, d_array)
-    d_array[0] = floatval
-    llval = ll_array[0]
-    lltype.free(d_array, flavor='raw')
-    return llval
+def float2longlong(floatval):
+    with lltype.scoped_alloc(DOUBLE_ARRAY_PTR.TO, 1) as d_array:
+        ll_array = rffi.cast(LONGLONG_ARRAY_PTR, d_array)
+        d_array[0] = floatval
+        llval = ll_array[0]
+        return llval
 
 def uint2singlefloat_emulator(ival):
-    f_array = lltype.malloc(FLOAT_ARRAY_PTR.TO, 1, flavor='raw')
-    i_array = rffi.cast(UINT_ARRAY_PTR, f_array)
-    i_array[0] = ival
-    singlefloatval = f_array[0]
-    lltype.free(f_array, flavor='raw')
-    return singlefloatval
+    with lltype.scoped_alloc(FLOAT_ARRAY_PTR.TO, 1) as f_array:
+        i_array = rffi.cast(UINT_ARRAY_PTR, f_array)
+        i_array[0] = ival
+        singlefloatval = f_array[0]
+        return singlefloatval
 
 def singlefloat2uint_emulator(singlefloatval):
-    f_array = lltype.malloc(FLOAT_ARRAY_PTR.TO, 1, flavor='raw')
-    i_array = rffi.cast(UINT_ARRAY_PTR, f_array)
-    f_array[0] = singlefloatval
-    ival = i_array[0]
-    lltype.free(f_array, flavor='raw')
-    return ival
+    with lltype.scoped_alloc(FLOAT_ARRAY_PTR.TO, 1) as f_array:
+        i_array = rffi.cast(UINT_ARRAY_PTR, f_array)
+        f_array[0] = singlefloatval
+        ival = i_array[0]
+        return ival
 
-from pypy.translator.tool.cbuild import ExternalCompilationInfo
 eci = ExternalCompilationInfo(includes=['string.h', 'assert.h'],
                               post_include_bits=["""
 static double pypy__longlong2float(long long x) {
@@ -56,12 +56,6 @@
     memcpy(&dd, &x, 8);
     return dd;
 }
-static long long pypy__float2longlong(double x) {
-    long long ll;
-    assert(sizeof(double) == 8 && sizeof(long long) == 8);
-    memcpy(&ll, &x, 8);
-    return ll;
-}
 static float pypy__uint2singlefloat(unsigned int x) {
     float ff;
     assert(sizeof(float) == 4 && sizeof(unsigned int) == 4);
@@ -82,12 +76,6 @@
     _nowrapper=True, elidable_function=True, sandboxsafe=True,
     oo_primitive="pypy__longlong2float")
 
-float2longlong = rffi.llexternal(
-    "pypy__float2longlong", [rffi.DOUBLE], rffi.LONGLONG,
-    _callable=float2longlong_emulator, compilation_info=eci,
-    _nowrapper=True, elidable_function=True, sandboxsafe=True,
-    oo_primitive="pypy__float2longlong")
-
 uint2singlefloat = rffi.llexternal(
     "pypy__uint2singlefloat", [rffi.UINT], rffi.FLOAT,
     _callable=uint2singlefloat_emulator, compilation_info=eci,
@@ -99,3 +87,15 @@
     _callable=singlefloat2uint_emulator, compilation_info=eci,
     _nowrapper=True, elidable_function=True, sandboxsafe=True,
     oo_primitive="pypy__singlefloat2uint")
+
+
+class Float2LongLongEntry(ExtRegistryEntry):
+    _about_ = float2longlong
+
+    def compute_result_annotation(self, s_float):
+        assert annmodel.SomeFloat().contains(s_float)
+        return annmodel.SomeInteger(knowntype=r_int64)
+
+    def specialize_call(self, hop):
+        [v_float] = hop.inputargs(lltype.Float)
+        return hop.genop("convert_float_bytes_to_longlong", [v_float], resulttype=hop.r_result)
diff --git a/pypy/rlib/rarithmetic.py b/pypy/rlib/rarithmetic.py
--- a/pypy/rlib/rarithmetic.py
+++ b/pypy/rlib/rarithmetic.py
@@ -569,3 +569,37 @@
     if not objectmodel.we_are_translated():
         assert n <= p
     return llop.int_between(lltype.Bool, n, m, p)
+
+ at objectmodel.specialize.ll()
+def byteswap(arg):
+    """ Convert little->big endian and the opposite
+    """
+    from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, rffi
+    
+    T = lltype.typeOf(arg)
+    # XXX we cannot do arithmetics on small ints
+    if isinstance(arg, base_int):
+        arg = widen(arg)
+    if rffi.sizeof(T) == 1:
+        res = arg
+    elif rffi.sizeof(T) == 2:
+        a, b = arg & 0xFF, arg & 0xFF00
+        res = (a << 8) | (b >> 8)
+    elif rffi.sizeof(T) == 4:
+        FF = r_uint(0xFF)
+        arg = r_uint(arg)
+        a, b, c, d = (arg & FF, arg & (FF << 8), arg & (FF << 16),
+                      arg & (FF << 24))
+        res = (a << 24) | (b << 8) | (c >> 8) | (d >> 24)
+    elif rffi.sizeof(T) == 8:
+        FF = r_ulonglong(0xFF)
+        arg = r_ulonglong(arg)
+        a, b, c, d = (arg & FF, arg & (FF << 8), arg & (FF << 16),
+                      arg & (FF << 24))
+        e, f, g, h = (arg & (FF << 32), arg & (FF << 40), arg & (FF << 48),
+                      arg & (FF << 56))
+        res = ((a << 56) | (b << 40) | (c << 24) | (d << 8) | (e >> 8) |
+               (f >> 24) | (g >> 40) | (h >> 56))
+    else:
+        assert False # unreachable code
+    return rffi.cast(T, res)
diff --git a/pypy/rlib/rfloat.py b/pypy/rlib/rfloat.py
--- a/pypy/rlib/rfloat.py
+++ b/pypy/rlib/rfloat.py
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 """Float constants"""
 
 import math
+
+from pypy.annotation.model import SomeString
+from pypy.rlib import objectmodel
+from pypy.rpython.extfunc import register_external
 from pypy.rpython.tool import rffi_platform
 from pypy.translator.tool.cbuild import ExternalCompilationInfo
-from pypy.rlib import objectmodel
-from pypy.rpython.extfunc import register_external
-from pypy.annotation.model import SomeString
+
 
 USE_SHORT_FLOAT_REPR = True # XXX make it a translation option?
 
@@ -74,7 +76,7 @@
         while i < len(s) and s[i] in '0123456789':
             after_point += s[i]
             i += 1
-            
+
         if i == len(s):
             return sign, before_point, after_point, exponent
 
@@ -91,7 +93,7 @@
 
     if i == len(s):
         raise ValueError
-    
+
     while i < len(s) and s[i] in '0123456789':
         exponent += s[i]
         i += 1
diff --git a/pypy/rlib/rmmap.py b/pypy/rlib/rmmap.py
--- a/pypy/rlib/rmmap.py
+++ b/pypy/rlib/rmmap.py
@@ -228,6 +228,7 @@
             # XXX should be propagate the real type, allowing
             # for 2*sys.maxint?
             high = high_ref[0]
+            high = rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, high)
             # low might just happen to have the value INVALID_FILE_SIZE
             # so we need to check the last error also
             INVALID_FILE_SIZE = -1
@@ -550,7 +551,7 @@
             FILE_BEGIN = 0
             high_ref = lltype.malloc(PLONG.TO, 1, flavor='raw')
             try:
-                high_ref[0] = newsize_high
+                high_ref[0] = rffi.cast(LONG, newsize_high)
                 SetFilePointer(self.file_handle, newsize_low, high_ref,
                                FILE_BEGIN)
             finally:
@@ -712,7 +713,9 @@
     free = c_munmap_safe
 
 elif _MS_WINDOWS:
-    def mmap(fileno, length, tagname="", access=_ACCESS_DEFAULT, offset=0):
+    def mmap(fileno, length, flags=0, tagname="", access=_ACCESS_DEFAULT, offset=0):
+        # XXX flags is or-ed into access by now.
+        
         # check size boundaries
         _check_map_size(length)
         map_size = length
@@ -794,6 +797,7 @@
             offset_hi = 0
             offset_lo = offset
 
+        flProtect |= flags
         m.map_handle = CreateFileMapping(m.file_handle, NULL, flProtect,
                                          size_hi, size_lo, m.tagname)
 
@@ -811,6 +815,11 @@
         m.map_handle = INVALID_HANDLE
         raise winerror
 
+    class Hint:
+        pos = -0x4fff0000   # for reproducible results
+    hint = Hint()
+    # XXX this has no effect on windows
+
     def alloc(map_size):
         """Allocate memory.  This is intended to be used by the JIT,
         so the memory has the executable bit set.
diff --git a/pypy/rlib/rstruct/nativefmttable.py b/pypy/rlib/rstruct/nativefmttable.py
--- a/pypy/rlib/rstruct/nativefmttable.py
+++ b/pypy/rlib/rstruct/nativefmttable.py
@@ -3,14 +3,17 @@
 The table 'native_fmttable' is also used by pypy.module.array.interp_array.
 """
 import struct
-from pypy.rlib import jit
+
+from pypy.rlib import jit, longlong2float
+from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import specialize
+from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import r_singlefloat, widen
 from pypy.rlib.rstruct import standardfmttable as std
 from pypy.rlib.rstruct.error import StructError
+from pypy.rlib.unroll import unrolling_iterable
+from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, rffi
 from pypy.rpython.tool import rffi_platform
-from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, rffi
-from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import r_singlefloat
 from pypy.translator.tool.cbuild import ExternalCompilationInfo
-from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import specialize
+
 
 native_is_bigendian = struct.pack("=i", 1) == struct.pack(">i", 1)
 
@@ -23,18 +26,24 @@
 
 # ____________________________________________________________
 
+
 double_buf = lltype.malloc(rffi.DOUBLEP.TO, 1, flavor='raw', immortal=True)
 float_buf = lltype.malloc(rffi.FLOATP.TO, 1, flavor='raw', immortal=True)
 
- at jit.dont_look_inside
-def double_to_ccharp(doubleval):
-    double_buf[0] = doubleval
-    return rffi.cast(rffi.CCHARP, double_buf)
+range_8_unroll = unrolling_iterable(list(reversed(range(8))))
+range_4_unroll = unrolling_iterable(list(reversed(range(4))))
 
 def pack_double(fmtiter):
     doubleval = fmtiter.accept_float_arg()
-    p = double_to_ccharp(doubleval)
-    fmtiter.result.append_charpsize(p, rffi.sizeof(rffi.DOUBLE))
+    value = longlong2float.float2longlong(doubleval)
+    if fmtiter.bigendian:
+        for i in range_8_unroll:
+            x = (value >> (8*i)) & 0xff
+            fmtiter.result.append(chr(x))
+    else:
+        for i in range_8_unroll:
+            fmtiter.result.append(chr(value & 0xff))
+            value >>= 8
 
 @specialize.argtype(0)
 def unpack_double(fmtiter):
@@ -45,16 +54,19 @@
     doubleval = double_buf[0]
     fmtiter.appendobj(doubleval)
 
- at jit.dont_look_inside
-def float_to_ccharp(floatval):
-    float_buf[0] = floatval
-    return rffi.cast(rffi.CCHARP, float_buf)
-
 def pack_float(fmtiter):
     doubleval = fmtiter.accept_float_arg()
     floatval = r_singlefloat(doubleval)
-    p = float_to_ccharp(floatval)
-    fmtiter.result.append_charpsize(p, rffi.sizeof(rffi.FLOAT))
+    value = longlong2float.singlefloat2uint(floatval)
+    value = widen(value)
+    if fmtiter.bigendian:
+        for i in range_4_unroll:
+            x = (value >> (8*i)) & 0xff
+            fmtiter.result.append(chr(x))
+    else:
+        for i in range_4_unroll:
+            fmtiter.result.append(chr(value & 0xff))
+            value >>= 8
 
 @specialize.argtype(0)
 def unpack_float(fmtiter):
diff --git a/pypy/rlib/rstruct/runpack.py b/pypy/rlib/rstruct/runpack.py
--- a/pypy/rlib/rstruct/runpack.py
+++ b/pypy/rlib/rstruct/runpack.py
@@ -4,11 +4,10 @@
 """
 
 import py
-from struct import pack, unpack
+from struct import unpack
 from pypy.rlib.rstruct.formatiterator import FormatIterator
 from pypy.rlib.rstruct.error import StructError
 from pypy.rlib.rstruct.nativefmttable import native_is_bigendian
-from pypy.rpython.extregistry import ExtRegistryEntry
 
 class MasterReader(object):
     def __init__(self, s):
diff --git a/pypy/rlib/rstruct/standardfmttable.py b/pypy/rlib/rstruct/standardfmttable.py
--- a/pypy/rlib/rstruct/standardfmttable.py
+++ b/pypy/rlib/rstruct/standardfmttable.py
@@ -6,11 +6,12 @@
 # values when packing.
 
 import struct
+
+from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import specialize
+from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import r_uint, r_longlong, r_ulonglong
+from pypy.rlib.rstruct import ieee
 from pypy.rlib.rstruct.error import StructError, StructOverflowError
-from pypy.rlib.rstruct import ieee
 from pypy.rlib.unroll import unrolling_iterable
-from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import r_uint, r_longlong, r_ulonglong
-from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import specialize
 
 # In the CPython struct module, pack() unconsistently accepts inputs
 # that are out-of-range or floats instead of ints.  Should we emulate
diff --git a/pypy/rlib/rzipfile.py b/pypy/rlib/rzipfile.py
--- a/pypy/rlib/rzipfile.py
+++ b/pypy/rlib/rzipfile.py
@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@
     rzlib = None
 
 # XXX hack to get crc32 to work
-from pypy.tool.lib_pypy import import_from_lib_pypy
-crc_32_tab = import_from_lib_pypy('binascii').crc_32_tab
+from pypy.module.binascii.interp_crc32 import crc_32_tab
 
 rcrc_32_tab = [r_uint(i) for i in crc_32_tab]
 
diff --git a/pypy/rlib/test/test_rarithmetic.py b/pypy/rlib/test/test_rarithmetic.py
--- a/pypy/rlib/test/test_rarithmetic.py
+++ b/pypy/rlib/test/test_rarithmetic.py
@@ -383,3 +383,9 @@
     assert not int_between(1, 2, 2)
     assert not int_between(1, 1, 1)
 
+def test_byteswap():
+    from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import rffi
+    
+    assert byteswap(rffi.cast(rffi.USHORT, 0x0102)) == 0x0201
+    assert byteswap(rffi.cast(rffi.INT, 0x01020304)) == 0x04030201
+    assert byteswap(rffi.cast(rffi.ULONGLONG, 0x0102030405060708L)) == 0x0807060504030201L
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/llinterp.py b/pypy/rpython/llinterp.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/llinterp.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/llinterp.py
@@ -770,6 +770,10 @@
         checkadr(adr)
         return llmemory.cast_adr_to_int(adr, mode)
 
+    def op_convert_float_bytes_to_longlong(self, f):
+        from pypy.rlib import longlong2float
+        return longlong2float.float2longlong(f)
+
     def op_weakref_create(self, v_obj):
         def objgetter():    # special support for gcwrapper.py
             return self.getval(v_obj)
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/lloperation.py b/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/lloperation.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/lloperation.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/lloperation.py
@@ -349,6 +349,7 @@
     'cast_float_to_ulonglong':LLOp(canfold=True),
     'truncate_longlong_to_int':LLOp(canfold=True),
     'force_cast':           LLOp(sideeffects=False),    # only for rffi.cast()
+    'convert_float_bytes_to_longlong': LLOp(canfold=True),
 
     # __________ pointer operations __________
 
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/module/ll_time.py b/pypy/rpython/module/ll_time.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/module/ll_time.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/module/ll_time.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype
 from pypy.rpython.extfunc import BaseLazyRegistering, registering, extdef
 from pypy.rlib import rposix
-from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import intmask
+from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import intmask, maxint32
 from pypy.translator.tool.cbuild import ExternalCompilationInfo
 
 if sys.platform == 'win32':
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@
     @registering(time.sleep)
     def register_time_sleep(self):
         if sys.platform == 'win32':
-            MAX = sys.maxint
+            MAX = maxint32
             Sleep = self.llexternal('Sleep', [rffi.ULONG], lltype.Void)
             def time_sleep_llimpl(secs):
                 millisecs = secs * 1000.0
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/ootypesystem/ootype.py b/pypy/rpython/ootypesystem/ootype.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/ootypesystem/ootype.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/ootypesystem/ootype.py
@@ -1295,6 +1295,8 @@
         for meth in self.overloadings:
             ARGS = meth._TYPE.ARGS
             if ARGS in signatures:
+                # XXX Conflict on 'Signed' vs 'SignedLongLong' on win64.
+                # XXX note that this partially works if this error is ignored.
                 raise TypeError, 'Bad overloading'
             signatures.add(ARGS)
 
diff --git a/pypy/tool/test/test_lib_pypy.py b/pypy/tool/test/test_lib_pypy.py
--- a/pypy/tool/test/test_lib_pypy.py
+++ b/pypy/tool/test/test_lib_pypy.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
     assert lib_pypy.LIB_PYTHON_MODIFIED.check(dir=1)
 
 def test_import_from_lib_pypy():
-    binascii = lib_pypy.import_from_lib_pypy('binascii')
-    assert type(binascii) is type(lib_pypy)
-    assert binascii.__name__ == 'lib_pypy.binascii'
-    assert hasattr(binascii, 'crc_32_tab')
+    _functools = lib_pypy.import_from_lib_pypy('_functools')
+    assert type(_functools) is type(lib_pypy)
+    assert _functools.__name__ == 'lib_pypy._functools'
+    assert hasattr(_functools, 'partial')
diff --git a/pypy/translator/c/gcc/trackgcroot.py b/pypy/translator/c/gcc/trackgcroot.py
--- a/pypy/translator/c/gcc/trackgcroot.py
+++ b/pypy/translator/c/gcc/trackgcroot.py
@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@
         'shl', 'shr', 'sal', 'sar', 'rol', 'ror', 'mul', 'imul', 'div', 'idiv',
         'bswap', 'bt', 'rdtsc',
         'punpck', 'pshufd', 'pcmp', 'pand', 'psllw', 'pslld', 'psllq',
-        'paddq', 'pinsr', 'pmul', 'psrl',
+        'paddq', 'pinsr', 'pmul', 'psrl', 'vmul',
         # sign-extending moves should not produce GC pointers
         'cbtw', 'cwtl', 'cwtd', 'cltd', 'cltq', 'cqto',
         # zero-extending moves should not produce GC pointers
diff --git a/pypy/translator/c/src/float.h b/pypy/translator/c/src/float.h
--- a/pypy/translator/c/src/float.h
+++ b/pypy/translator/c/src/float.h
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 #define OP_FLOAT_SUB(x,y,r)     r = x - y
 #define OP_FLOAT_MUL(x,y,r)     r = x * y
 #define OP_FLOAT_TRUEDIV(x,y,r) r = x / y
-#define OP_FLOAT_POW(x,y,r)     r = pow(x, y) 
+#define OP_FLOAT_POW(x,y,r)     r = pow(x, y)
 
 /*** conversions ***/
 
@@ -42,5 +42,6 @@
 #ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG
 #define OP_CAST_FLOAT_TO_LONGLONG(x,r) r = (long long)(x)
 #define OP_CAST_FLOAT_TO_ULONGLONG(x,r) r = (unsigned long long)(x)
+#define OP_CONVERT_FLOAT_BYTES_TO_LONGLONG(x,r) memcpy(&r, &x, sizeof(double))
 #endif
 
diff --git a/pypy/translator/cli/sdk.py b/pypy/translator/cli/sdk.py
--- a/pypy/translator/cli/sdk.py
+++ b/pypy/translator/cli/sdk.py
@@ -103,6 +103,11 @@
         mono_bin = find_mono_on_windows()
         if mono_bin is not None:
             SDK.ILASM = os.path.join(mono_bin, 'ilasm2.bat')
+        # XXX the failing tests are boring, and the SDK is usually installed
+        # on windows. I do not care right now, because the Linux buildbots
+        # don't test this at all...
+        if platform.architecture()[0] == '64bit':
+            py.test.skip('mono on 64bit is not well enough supported')
     else:
         SDK = MonoSDK
     return SDK
diff --git a/pypy/translator/driver.py b/pypy/translator/driver.py
--- a/pypy/translator/driver.py
+++ b/pypy/translator/driver.py
@@ -585,22 +585,6 @@
     #
     task_compile_c = taskdef(task_compile_c, ['source_c'], "Compiling c source")
 
-    def backend_run(self, backend):
-        c_entryp = self.c_entryp
-        standalone = self.standalone 
-        if standalone:
-            os.system(c_entryp)
-        else:
-            runner = self.extra.get('run', lambda f: f())
-            runner(c_entryp)
-
-    def task_run_c(self):
-        self.backend_run('c')
-    #
-    task_run_c = taskdef(task_run_c, ['compile_c'], 
-                         "Running compiled c source",
-                         idemp=True)
-
     def task_llinterpret_lltype(self):
         from pypy.rpython.llinterp import LLInterpreter
         py.log.setconsumer("llinterp operation", None)
@@ -710,11 +694,6 @@
         shutil.copy(main_exe, '.')
         self.log.info("Copied to %s" % os.path.join(os.getcwd(), dllname))
 
-    def task_run_cli(self):
-        pass
-    task_run_cli = taskdef(task_run_cli, ['compile_cli'],
-                              'XXX')
-    
     def task_source_jvm(self):
         from pypy.translator.jvm.genjvm import GenJvm
         from pypy.translator.jvm.node import EntryPoint
diff --git a/pypy/translator/goal/translate.py b/pypy/translator/goal/translate.py
--- a/pypy/translator/goal/translate.py
+++ b/pypy/translator/goal/translate.py
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@
         ("backendopt", "do backend optimizations", "--backendopt", ""),
         ("source", "create source", "-s --source", ""),
         ("compile", "compile", "-c --compile", " (default goal)"),
-        ("run", "run the resulting binary", "--run", ""),
         ("llinterpret", "interpret the rtyped flow graphs", "--llinterpret", ""),
        ]
 def goal_options():
@@ -78,7 +77,7 @@
                     defaultfactory=list),
     # xxx default goals ['annotate', 'rtype', 'backendopt', 'source', 'compile']
     ArbitraryOption("skipped_goals", "XXX",
-                    defaultfactory=lambda: ['run']),
+                    defaultfactory=list),
     OptionDescription("goal_options",
                       "Goals that should be reached during translation", 
                       goal_options()),        
diff --git a/pypy/translator/jvm/opcodes.py b/pypy/translator/jvm/opcodes.py
--- a/pypy/translator/jvm/opcodes.py
+++ b/pypy/translator/jvm/opcodes.py
@@ -241,4 +241,6 @@
     'cast_ulonglong_to_float':  jvm.PYPYULONGTODOUBLE,
     'cast_primitive':           [PushAllArgs, CastPrimitive, StoreResult],
     'force_cast':               [PushAllArgs, CastPrimitive, StoreResult],
+
+    'convert_float_bytes_to_longlong': jvm.PYPYDOUBLEBYTESTOLONG,
 })
diff --git a/pypy/translator/jvm/typesystem.py b/pypy/translator/jvm/typesystem.py
--- a/pypy/translator/jvm/typesystem.py
+++ b/pypy/translator/jvm/typesystem.py
@@ -941,6 +941,7 @@
 PYPYDOUBLETOULONG =     Method.s(jPyPy, 'double_to_ulong', (jDouble,), jLong)
 PYPYULONGTODOUBLE =     Method.s(jPyPy, 'ulong_to_double', (jLong,), jDouble)
 PYPYLONGBITWISENEGATE = Method.v(jPyPy, 'long_bitwise_negate', (jLong,), jLong)
+PYPYDOUBLEBYTESTOLONG = Method.v(jPyPy, 'pypy__float2longlong', (jDouble,), jLong)
 PYPYSTRTOINT =          Method.v(jPyPy, 'str_to_int', (jString,), jInt)
 PYPYSTRTOUINT =         Method.v(jPyPy, 'str_to_uint', (jString,), jInt)
 PYPYSTRTOLONG =         Method.v(jPyPy, 'str_to_long', (jString,), jLong)
diff --git a/pypy/translator/test/test_driver.py b/pypy/translator/test/test_driver.py
--- a/pypy/translator/test/test_driver.py
+++ b/pypy/translator/test/test_driver.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 def test_ctr():
     td = TranslationDriver()
     expected = ['annotate', 'backendopt', 'llinterpret', 'rtype', 'source',
-                'compile', 'run', 'pyjitpl']
+                'compile', 'pyjitpl']
     assert set(td.exposed) == set(expected)
 
     assert td.backend_select_goals(['compile_c']) == ['compile_c']
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@
                  'rtype_ootype', 'rtype_lltype',
                  'source_cli', 'source_c',
                  'compile_cli', 'compile_c',
-                 'run_c', 'run_cli',
                  'compile_jvm', 'source_jvm', 'run_jvm',
                  'pyjitpl_lltype',
                  'pyjitpl_ootype']
@@ -50,6 +49,6 @@
         'backendopt_lltype']
 
     expected = ['annotate', 'backendopt', 'llinterpret', 'rtype', 'source_c',
-                'compile_c', 'run_c', 'pyjitpl']
+                'compile_c', 'pyjitpl']
 
     assert set(td.exposed) == set(expected)
diff --git a/pytest.py b/pytest.py
--- a/pytest.py
+++ b/pytest.py
@@ -4,6 +4,20 @@
 """
 __all__ = ['main']
 
+# XXX hack for win64:
+# This patch must stay here until the END OF STAGE 1
+# When all tests work, this branch will be merged
+# and the branch stage 2 is started, where we remove this patch.
+import sys
+if hasattr(sys, "maxsize"):
+    if sys.maxint != sys.maxsize:
+        sys.maxint = sys.maxsize
+        import warnings
+        warnings.warn("""\n
+---> This win64 port is now in stage 1: sys.maxint was modified.
+---> When pypy/__init__.py becomes empty again, we have reached stage 2.
+""")
+
 from _pytest.core import main, UsageError, _preloadplugins
 from _pytest import core as cmdline
 from _pytest import __version__


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