>>> x = b'a' >>> x[0] = b'a' Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> TypeError: 'bytes' object cannot be interpreted as an index Huh? 0 is not a 'bytes' object and I don't see how the RHS is being used as an index. Obviously I wanted something like: >>> x[0] = ord(b'a')