[issue10812] Add some posix functions

[Ross Lagerwall]

Ross Lagerwall <rosslagerwall at gmail.com> added the comment:

>  it's a bit asymmetric that gethostname is in the socket
>  module and supports Windows, and sethostname is in the POSIX
>  module. It would be useful to have a gethostname in the POSIX
>  module also which is a) POSIX only and b) supports embedded
>  NUL bytes.

According to the spec for gethostname(), the hostname that it returns is null-terminated so it won't support embedded NUL bytes. Should we still add it anyway?

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