[issue10812] Add some posix functions

[Ross Lagerwall]

Ross Lagerwall <rosslagerwall at gmail.com> added the comment:

Thanks for the comments.

I implemented sethostid() - its not actually in the posix spec, but linux/*bsd
have it although the signature for FreeBSD is a bit different.

I implemented gethostname(). Both get/sethostname() now use FSDefault encoding.
gethostname() is null-terminated so it doesn't have to deal with embedded NULs.
sethostname() works with embedded NULs.

Since id_t can contain a pid_t, I now parse id_t with _Py_PARSE_PID.
waitid() also now returns a structsequence of the correct fields.

According to the spec, gethostid does not set errno - it now checks anyway.

Instead of PARSE_OFF_T, I use a O& parser.

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Added file: http://bugs.python.org/file20305/10812_v4.patch

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