I think we've argued about '' in 'abc' long enough. Tim has failed to convince me, so '' in 'abc' returns True. Barry has checked it all in. (In other news, I've checked in Oren's latest patch for making a file its own iterator. In the process, the xreadlines module has become deprecated.) --Guido van Rossum (home page: http://www.python.org/~guido/)