[Python-Dev] accept the wheel PEPs 425, 426, 427
Daniel Holth
dholth at gmail.com
Thu Oct 18 21:48:37 CEST 2012
PEP: 425
Title: Compatibility Tags for Built Distributions
Version: $Revision$
Last-Modified: 07-Aug-2012
Author: Daniel Holth <dholth at fastmail.fm>
Status: Draft
Type: Standards Track
Content-Type: text/x-rst
Created: 27-Jul-2012
Python-Version: 3.4
Post-History: 8-Aug-2012
Abstract
========
This PEP specifies a tagging system to indicate with which versions of
Python a built or binary distribution is compatible. A set of three
tags indicate which Python implementation and language version, ABI,
and platform a built distribution requires. The tags are terse because
they will be included in filenames.
PEP Editor's Note
=================
While the naming scheme described in this PEP will not be supported directly
in the standard library until Python 3.4 at the earliest, draft
implementations may be made available in third party projects.
Rationale
=========
Today "python setup.py bdist" generates the same filename on PyPy
and CPython, but an incompatible archive, making it inconvenient to
share built distributions in the same folder or index. Instead, built
distributions should have a file naming convention that includes enough
information to decide whether or not a particular archive is compatible
with a particular implementation.
Previous efforts come from a time where CPython was the only important
implementation and the ABI was the same as the Python language release.
This specification improves upon the older schemes by including the Python
implementation, language version, ABI, and platform as a set of tags.
By comparing the tags it supports with the tags listed by the
distribution, an installer can make an educated decision about whether
to download a particular built distribution without having to read its
full metadata.
Overview
========
The tag format is {python tag}-{abi tag}-{platform tag}
python tag
‘py27’, ‘cp33’
abi tag
‘cp32dmu’, ‘none’
platform tag
‘linux_x86_64’, ‘any’
For example, the tag py27-none-any indicates compatible with Python 2.7
(any Python 2.7 implementation) with no abi requirement, on any platform.
Details
=======
Python Tag
----------
The Python tag indicates the implementation and version required by
a distribution. Major implementations have abbreviated codes, initially:
* py: Generic Python (does not require implementation-specific features)
* cp: CPython
* ip: IronPython
* pp: PyPy
* jy: Jython
Other Python implementations should use `sys.implementation.name`.
The version is `py_version_nodot`. CPython gets away with no dot,
but if one is needed the underscore `_` is used instead. PyPy should
probably use its own versions here `pp18`, `pp19`.
The version can be just the major version `2` or `3` `py2`, `py3` for
many pure-Python distributions.
Importantly, major-version-only tags like `py2` and `py3` are not
shorthand for `py20` and `py30`. Instead, these tags mean the packager
intentionally released a cross-version-compatible distribution.
A single-source Python 2/3 compatible distribution can use the compound
tag `py2.py3`. See `Compressed Tag Sets`, below.
ABI Tag
-------
The ABI tag indicates which Python ABI is required by any included
extension modules. For implementation-specific ABIs, the implementation
is abbreviated in the same way as the Python Tag, e.g. `cp33d` would be
the CPython 3.3 ABI with debugging.
The CPython stable ABI is `abi3` as in the shared library suffix, and
is available starting with Python 3.2.
Implementations with a very unstable ABI may use the first 6 bytes (as
8 base64-encoded characters) of the SHA-256 hash of ther source code
revision and compiler flags, etc, but will probably not have a great need
to distribute binary distributions. Each implementation's community may
decide how to best use the ABI tag.
Platform Tag
------------
The platform tag is simply `distutils.util.get_platform()` with all
hyphens `-` and periods `.` replaced with underscore `_`.
* win32
* linux_i386
* linux_x86_64
Use
===
The tags are used by installers to decide which built distribution
(if any) to download from a list of potential built distributions.
The installer maintains a list of (pyver, abi, arch) tuples that it
will support. If the built distribution's tag is `in` the list, then
it can be installed.
For example, an installer running under CPython 3.3 on a linux_x86_64
system might support::
1. cp33-cp33m-linux_x86_64
2. cp33-none-linux_x86_64
3. cp3-abi3-linux_x86_64
4. cp33-none-any
5. cp3-none-any
6. py33-none-any
7. py3-none-any
A user could instruct their installer to fall back to building from an
sdist more or less often by configuring this list of tags.
Rarely there will be more than one supported built distribution for a
particular version of a package. For example, a packager could release
a package tagged `cp3-abi3-linux_x86_64` that contains an optional C
extension and the same distribution tagged `py3-none-any` that does not.
The index of the tag in the supported tags list breaks the tie, and the
package with the C extension is installed in preference to the package
without because that tag appears first in the list.
Compressed Tag Sets
===================
To allow for compact filenames of bdists that work with more than
one compatibility tag triple, each tag in a filename can instead be a
'.'-separated, sorted, set of tags. For example, pip, a pure-Python
package that is written to run under Python 2 and 3 with the same source
code, could distribute a bdist with the tag `py2.py3-none-any`.
The full list of simple tags is::
for x in pytag.split('.'):
for y in abitag.split('.'):
for z in archtag.split('.'):
yield '-'.join((x, y, z))
A bdist format that implements this scheme should include the expanded
tags in bdist-specific metadata. This compression scheme can generate
large numbers of unsupported tags and "impossible" tags that are supported
by no Python implementation e.g. "cp33-cp31u-win64", so use it sparingly.
FAQ
===
Can I have a tag `py32+` to indicate a minimum Python minor release?
No. Inspect the Trove classifiers to determine this level of
cross-release compatibility. Similar to the announcements "beaglevote
versions 3.2 and above no longer supports Python 1.52", you will
have to manually keep track of the maximum (PEP-386) release that
still supports your version of Python.
Why isn't there a `.` in the Python version number?
CPython has lasted 20+ years without a 3-digit major release. This
should continue for some time. Other implementations may use _ as
a delimeter, since both - and . delimit the surrounding filename.
Who will maintain the registry of abbreviated implementations?
New two-letter abbreviations can be requested on the python-dev
mailing list. As a rule of thumb, abbreviations are reserved for
the current 4 most prominent implementations.
Does the compatibility tag go into METADATA or PKG-INFO?
No. The compatibility tag is part of the built distribution's
metadata. METADATA / PKG-INFO should be valid for an entire
distribution, not a single build of that distribution.
Why didn't you mention my favorite Python implementation?
The abbreviated tags facilitate sharing compiled Python code in a
public index. Your Python implementation can use this specification
too, but with longer tags.
Recall that all "pure Python" built distributions just use 'py'.
References
==========
.. [1] Egg Filename-Embedded Metadata
(http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/EggFormats#filename-embedded-metadata)
.. [2] Creating Built Distributions
(http://docs.python.org/distutils/builtdist.html)
.. [3] PEP 3147 -- PYC Repository Directories
(http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3147/)
Acknowledgements
================
The author thanks Paul Moore, Nick Coghlan, Mark Abramowitz, and
Mr. Michele Lacchia for their valuable advice and help with this effort.
Copyright
=========
This document has been placed in the public domain.
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