Elaine Jackson wrote: > Two quick newbie questions: > > 1) Does Python have passing-by-reference? There have been lots of interesting discussions about this in the past. Here's one such thread: http://groups.google.com/groups?threadm=8m3ioi%24du4%242%40newshost.accu.uu.nl&rnum=2&prev=/groups?selm%3D8m3ioi%2524du4%25242%2540newshost.accu.uu.nl HTH,