The "real" name
James Stroud
jstroud at ucla.edu
Sat Jan 21 19:34:23 EST 2006
engsolnorm at hotmail.com wrote:
> On Sat, 21 Jan 2006 14:23:49 -0800, James Stroud <jstroud at ucla.edu> wrote:
>
>
>>engsolnorm at hotmail.com wrote:
>>
>>>I'm playing with a sudoku GUI...just to learn more about python.
>>>
>>>I've made 81 'cells'...actually small canvases
>>>
>>>Part of my scheme to write the cells (all 81 of them in the gui) to a file (using the the SAVE callback/button), then
>>>restore the gui cells from the contents of the saved file, which depends on knowing the "name" of the cell with the
>>>focus, or one (or more) which have a number.
>>>
>>>The print shows .9919624.9990312, but this nunber (name?) does not work in:
>>>
>>>cell-name of cell-.create_text(18,18, text = somevar, fill = 'blue' , font = ('arial', 18, 'bold'))
>>>
>>>Also, how can I declare a variable outside of the mainloop/callback scheme which would be 'known' to the callbacks?
>>>
>>>Thanks,
>>>Norm
>>>
>>
>>I guess you are using tkinter.
>>
>>".9919624.9990312" in tkinter is just a string representation of the
>>underlying object, in this case a Canvas(). It is not up to a python
>>programmer to understand exactly what these numbers are. They are used
>>by Tcl/Tk internally.
>>
>>Tk objects are not pickleable. Better is to create a datastructure that
>>can be pickled from info gleaned specifically with the itemcget()
>>method. Example code is below. See the Pickle/cPickle documentation.
>>They are very easy to use.
>>
>>Since you haven't posted any code, I can only guess what you are doing.
>>But you may want to try variations on the following (read the comments):
>>
>
>>from Tkinter import *
>
>># This is how you may want to make a bunch of canvases in a grid.
>>def make_canvases(parent, rows=9, cols=9, **options):
>> """
>> Pass in rows, cols, and any options the canvases should
>> require.
>> """
>> cells = []
>> for i in xrange(rows):
>> arow = []
>> for j in xrange(cols):
>> c = Canvas(parent, **options)
>> c.grid(row=i, column=j)
>> arow.append(c)
>> cells.append(arow)
>> return cells
>>
>>def demo():
>> """
>> Tests out our make_canvases() function.
>> """
>>
>> # tkinter stuff--setting up
>> tk = Tk()
>> f = Frame(tk)
>> f.pack(expand=YES, fill=BOTH)
>>
>> # make the canvases the gui-programmer way
>> canvases = make_canvases(f, height=25, width=25)
>>
>> # individual access to canvases (remember that indices start at 0)
>> canvases[0][0].configure(background='orange')
>> canvases[7][8].create_text(14, 8, text='Bob',
>> fill='blue',
>> font=('arial', 14, 'bold'))
>> canvases[8][8].create_text(14, 8, text='9,9',
>> fill='blue',
>> font=('arial', 14, 'bold'))
>>
>> # accessing inside loops
>> for i in xrange(9):
>> canvases[i][8-i].configure(background='red')
>>
>> # fun with bindings (see your last question)
>> # you should study this one!
>> for i in xrange(9):
>> for j in xrange(9):
>> c = canvases[i][j]
>> c.bind("<Button-1>",
>> lambda e=None, c=c: c.configure(background='green'))
>>
>> # getting out info
>> texts = []
>> for i in xrange(9):
>> for j in xrange(9):
>> c = canvases[i][j]
>> for t in c.find_all():
>> try:
>> text = c.itemcget(t, 'text')
>> texts.append((i,j,text))
>> except:
>> pass
>>
>> # reporting the got-out info
>> Label(tk, text="Texts are: %s" % texts).pack(expand=YES, fill=X)
>> tk.mainloop()
>>
>>demo()
>
>
> Thanks for your reply, and those of others...all are helpful. As to the code I wrote (so far), her it is, complete with
> some expressions that didn't work too well...:)
> Thanks....Norm
>
> #======== Start GUI CODE ======================
>
> from Tkinter import *
> import tkFileDialog
>
> fred = Tk() # Notice I have a bias against 'top', 'master', 'root', etc
>
> fred.title(' SUDOKU SCREEN')
> #fred.geometry('400x400')
> #fred.resizable(0,0)
>
> #------------------------------ Declare 9 frames plus one for the buttons
>
> fr1 = Frame(fred); fr2 = Frame(fred); fr3 = Frame(fred)
> fr4 = Frame(fred); fr5 = Frame(fred); fr6 = Frame(fred)
> fr7 = Frame(fred); fr8 = Frame(fred); fr9 = Frame(fred)
Named references are useleless here, especially since you are putting
these frames into a list later. In fact, you really don't need to create
these frames because you can just use grid() to place your
canvases...except if you want resize behavior.
> bfr = Frame(fred, relief = 'raised', borderwidth = 1, pady = 10)
This frame you WILL want a named reference for, because you do adress it
by name later.
>
> #------------------------------ Set some vars
>
> ind = [3,4,5,12,13,14,21,22,23,27,28,29,33,34,35,36,37,38,42,43,44,45,46,47,51,52,53,57,58,59,66,67,68,75,76,77]
> fr_list = [fr1,fr2,fr3,fr4,fr5,fr6,fr7,fr8,fr9]
Better is to eliminate the fr# = Frame(fred) code above and replace this
latter line with:
fr_list = [Frame(fred) for i in xrange(9)]
> can_list = ['can1','can2','can3','can4','can5','can6','can7','can8','can9']
This list is largely unecessary. Can do the same thing with xrange below.
> cell = []
> myvar = ''
> mykey = 'K'
> myadd = 'one'
> iy = 0
>
> #------------------------------ Create 9 frames with 9 canvases in each
>
> for fitem in fr_list:
> for item in can_list:
> item = Canvas(fitem, width = 30, height = 30, borderwidth = 1, relief = 'solid')
> item.pack(side = LEFT, fill = BOTH)
> cell.append([item, iy, '-']) # List of [IDs, 0 to 80, key text]
> iy += 1
1. "for item in can_list" could easily be "for item in xrange(9)", this
would allow you to get rid of the can_list altogether, which will make
your code easier to read and maintain.
2. Are you sure you want to re-bind item here?
> #------------------------------ Create some supporting (callback) functions
>
> def clr_scrn():
> for iz in range(81):
> cell[iz][0].delete(ALL)
>
> def hint():
> print 'Hint not implemented yet'
>
> def solve():
> print 'Solve not implemented yet'
>
> def get_file():
> cell_ID = ""
> cell_list = []
> root = Tk()
> root.withdraw() # do this to remove the "blank screen"
> filename = tkFileDialog.askopenfilename()
> fp2 = open(filename, 'r+')
> for line in fp2:
> fp2.close()
>
>
> def save_file():
> cell_num = ""
> cell_val = ""
> total = ""
> iy = 0
> root = Tk()
> root.withdraw() # do this to remove the "blank screen"
> filename = tkFileDialog.asksaveasfilename()
> fp1 = open(filename, 'w' )
> fp1.close()
Instantiating another Tk here can cause difficut to track-down problems
and erratic behavior if another Tk is already instantiated. Are you sure
you want to do this? You do not want 2 Tk's!!
> def mouse_in(event):
> event.widget.config(highlightcolor = 'blue')
> event.widget.focus_set()
> print 'event', event.widget
>
> def see_key(event):
> event.widget.delete(ALL)
> if event.keysym in '123456789':
> event.widget.create_text(18,18, text = event.keysym, font = ('arial', 18, 'bold'))
> else:
> event.widget.create_text(18,18, text = '', font = ('arial', 18, 'bold'))
Why are you re-binding event.keysym here? Clearer would be just binding
the name keysym. You may not want to mess with event in this case
because this event may get intercepted by another callback, etc.
def see_key(event):
event.widget.delete(ALL)
if keysym in '123456789':
event.widget.create_text(18,18, text = keysym,
font = ('arial', 18, 'bold'))
else:
event.widget.create_text(18,18, text = '',
font = ('arial', 18, 'bold'))
Note: these can now use the make_text() function below.
>
> #------------------------------ Create some control buttons
>
> b_new = Button(bfr, text = 'NEW', relief = 'raised', command = clr_scrn ).pack(side = LEFT, padx = 10)
> b_open = Button(bfr, text = 'OPEN', relief = 'raised', command = get_file ).pack(side = LEFT, padx = 10)
> b_save = Button(bfr, text = 'SAVE', relief = 'raised', command = save_file).pack(side = LEFT, padx = 10)
> b_clr = Button(bfr, text = 'CLEAR', relief = 'raised', command = clr_scrn ).pack(side = LEFT, padx = 10)
> b_hint = Button(bfr, text = 'HINT', relief = 'raised', command = hint ).pack(side = LEFT, padx = 10)
> b_solve = Button(bfr, text = 'SOLVE', relief = 'raised', command = solve ).pack(side = LEFT, padx = 10)
> b_exit = Button(bfr, text = 'EXIT', relief = 'raised', command = fred.quit).pack(side = LEFT, padx = 10)
Things like this are much better written:
def button_row(parent, individual_opts, **options):
for text, command in button_opts:
Button(parent, text=text,
command=command,
**options).pack(side = LEFT, padx = 10)
button_opts = (('NEW', clr_scrn),
('OPEN', get_file),
('SAVE', save_file),
('CLEAR', clr_scrn),
('HINT', hint),
('SOLVE', solve),
('EXIT', fred.quit))
button_row(bfr, button_opts, relief='raised')
> #------------------------------ Now pass everything to the packer
>
> for item in fr_list:
> item.pack(side = TOP)
>
> bfr.pack(side = TOP) # Don't forget to add the buttons
>
> #------------------------------ Shade the sub-blocks
>
> for ix in ind:
> cell[ix][0].config(bg = 'grey')
>
> #------------------------------ Fill in a few cells just for drill
>
> cell[0][0].create_text(18,18, text = '3', fill = 'black', font = ('arial', 18, 'bold'))
> cell[1][0].create_text(18,18, text = '6', fill = 'black', font = ('arial', 18, 'bold'))
> cell[2][0].create_text(18,18, text = '9', fill = 'black', font = ('arial', 18, 'bold'))
> cell[3][0].create_text(18,18, text = '7', fill = 'black', font = ('arial', 18, 'bold'))
> cell[4][0].create_text(18,18, text = '5', fill = 'black', font = ('arial', 18, 'bold'))
> cell[5][0].create_text(18,18, text = '8', fill = 'black', font = ('arial', 18, 'bold'))
> cell[6][0].create_text(18,18, text = '4', fill = 'black', font = ('arial', 18, 'bold'))
> cell[7][0].create_text(18,18, text = '2', fill = 'black', font = ('arial', 18, 'bold'))
> cell[8][0].create_text(18,18, text = '1', fill = 'black', font = ('arial', 18, 'bold'))
> cell[77][0].create_text(18,18, text = '5', fill = 'blue' , font = ('arial', 18, 'bold'))
>
Again, use a loop and functions (approximately the same amount of typing
but 1000 times more reusability):
def make_text(acell, t, font=('arial', 18, 'bold'),
fill='black', **options):
acell.create_text(18,18, text=t, font=font, fill=fill, **options)
def fill_cells(cells, numbers)
for (c,t) in zip(range(9)), numbers[:-1]):
make_text(cell[c][0], t)
make_text(cell[77][0], text=numbers[-1], fill='blue')
numbers = '3697584215'
fill_cells(cell, numbers)
Notice how this makes filling numbers super easy, e.g.:
fill_cells(cell, '9283571649')
> for item in cell:
> item[0].bind('<Enter>', mouse_in)
> item[0].bind('<KeyPress>', see_key)
>
>
> mainloop()
>
>
James
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