beginner <zyzhu2000 at gmail.com> wrote: > I'd like to do the following in more succint code: > > if k in b: > a=b[k] > else: > a={} > b[k]=a b.setdefault(k, a) -- Lawrence, oluyede.org - neropercaso.it "It is difficult to get a man to understand something when his salary depends on not understanding it" - Upton Sinclair