Peter Otten: > >>> a = dict(a=1, b=2, c=3) > >>> b = dict(b=2, c=30, d=4) > >>> dict(set(a.iteritems()) ^ set(b.iteritems())) For larger sets this may be better, may avoid the creation of the second set: dict(set(a.iteritems()).symmetric_difference(b.iteritems())) Bye, bearophile