python3.0 base64 error

[MRAB]

yang michael wrote:
> I use base64 module on python3.0
> like:
> 
> import base64
> b="hello world"

Try:

     b = b"hello world"

instead.

> a=base64.b64encode(b)
> print(a)
> 
> but when i run it,it catch a error:
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "/home/jackie-yang/yd5m19/pythonstudy/test.py", line 4, in <module>
>     a=base64.b64encode(b)
>   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.0/base64.py", line 56, in b64encode
>     raise TypeError("expected bytes, not %s" % s.__class__.__name__)
> TypeError: expected bytes, not str
> 
> 
> 
> and also the document's example:
> 
>>>> import base64
>>>> encoded = base64.b64encode('data to be encoded')
> 
>>>> encoded
> 'ZGF0YSB0byBiZSBlbmNvZGVk'
>>>> data = base64.b64decode(encoded)
> 
>>>> data
> 'data to be encoded'
> 
> can not run too.
> 
> what happen?
> 
As the traceback says, it needs bytes, not string. Perhaps the example 
would've been clearer as:

 >>> import base64
 >>> encoded = base64.b64encode(b'data to be encoded')