On 02/17/2012 02:22 PM, Brad Tilley wrote: >>>>> 0xffffffff& -327681234 >> 3967286062 > Very nice! Thanks for that example. Unsigned long longs: > > 0xffffffffffffffff& -9151314442815602945 > 9295429630893948671L Or more generally, use modulo -13452324 % 2^64 -- DaveA