What do these '=?utf-8?' sequences mean in python?
jak
nospam at please.ty
Sat May 6 12:27:23 EDT 2023
Peter Pearson ha scritto:
> On Sat, 6 May 2023 14:50:40 +0100, Chris Green <cl at isbd.net> wrote:
> [snip]
>> So, what do those =?utf-8? and ?= sequences mean? Are they part of
>> the string or are they wrapped around the string on output as a way to
>> show that it's utf-8 encoded?
>
> Yes, "=?utf-8?" signals "MIME header encoding".
>
> I've only blundered about briefly in this area, but I think you
> need to make sure that all header values you work with have been
> converted to UTF-8 before proceeding.
> Here's the code that seemed to work for me:
>
> def mime_decode_single(pair):
> """Decode a single (bytestring, charset) pair.
> """
> b, charset = pair
> result = b if isinstance(b, str) else b.decode(
> charset if charset else "utf-8")
> return result
>
> def mime_decode(s):
> """Decode a MIME-header-encoded character string.
> """
> decoded_pairs = email.header.decode_header(s)
> return "".join(mime_decode_single(d) for d in decoded_pairs)
>
>
>
HI,
You could also use make_header:
from email.header import decode_header, make_header
print(make_header(decode_header( subject )))
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