[scikit-learn] Sparse predict_proba and Fenchel-Young losses

[Mathieu Blondel]

Hi,

Most scikit-learn users who need predict_proba use the logistic regression
class. We've released a new package implementing more loss functions useful
for probabilistic classification.

https://github.com/mblondel/fenchel-young-losses/

This is based on our recently proposed family of loss functions called
"Fenchel-Young losses" [*].

Two distinguishing features that should be of interest:

1) You can call fit(X, Y) where Y is a n_samples array of label integers
*or* Y is a n_samples x n_classes array containing *label proportions*.

2) predict_proba(X) is able to output *sparse* probabilities for some
choices of loss functions (loss="sparsemax" or loss="tsallis"). This means
that some classes may get *exactly* zero probability.

Both features are especially useful in a multi-label setting.

We've also released drop-in replacements for PyTorch and Tensorflow loss
functions in the same package.

Feedback welcome!

Cheers,
Mathieu

[*] https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.09717
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