[Scipy-svn] r4788 - trunk/scipy/stats

scipy-svn at scipy.org scipy-svn at scipy.org
Thu Oct 9 03:29:57 EDT 2008


Author: peridot
Date: 2008-10-09 02:29:54 -0500 (Thu, 09 Oct 2008)
New Revision: 4788

Added:
   trunk/scipy/stats/vonmises.py
   trunk/scipy/stats/vonmises_cython.c
   trunk/scipy/stats/vonmises_cython.pyx
Modified:
   trunk/scipy/stats/distributions.py
   trunk/scipy/stats/setup.py
Log:
Replaced implementation of von Mises CDF with cython implementation that should have better numerical performance. Note that for large k it uses array operations rather than cython code since we need scipy.stats.norm.cdf and scipy.special.i0. 

Note also that the C code is *not* automatically rebuilt when the cython code changes.


Modified: trunk/scipy/stats/distributions.py
===================================================================
--- trunk/scipy/stats/distributions.py	2008-10-09 05:26:59 UTC (rev 4787)
+++ trunk/scipy/stats/distributions.py	2008-10-09 07:29:54 UTC (rev 4788)
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 from numpy import flatnonzero as nonzero
 from scipy.special import gammaln as gamln
 from copy import copy
+import vonmises_cython
 
 __all__ = [
            'rv_continuous',
@@ -3079,46 +3080,14 @@
 
 eps = numpy.finfo(float).eps
 
+
 class vonmises_gen(rv_continuous):
     def _rvs(self, b):
         return mtrand.vonmises(0.0, b, size=self._size)
     def _pdf(self, x, b):
         return exp(b*cos(x)) / (2*pi*special.i0(b))
     def _cdf(self, x, b):
-        x = arr(angle(exp(1j*x)))
-        eps2 = sqrt(eps)
-
-        c_xsimple = atleast_1d((b==0)&(x==x))
-        c_xiter = atleast_1d((b<100)&(b > 0)&(x==x))
-        c_xnormal = atleast_1d((b>=100)&(x==x))
-        c_bad = atleast_1d((b<=0) | (x != x))
-
-        indxiter = nonzero(c_xiter)
-        xiter = take(x, indxiter, 0)
-
-        vals = ones(len(c_xsimple),float)
-        putmask(vals, c_bad, nan)
-        putmask(vals, c_xsimple, x / 2.0/pi)
-        st = 1./sqrt(b-0.5)
-        st = where(isnan(st),0.0,st)
-        putmask(vals, c_xnormal, norm.cdf(x, scale=st))
-
-        biter = take(atleast_1d(b)*(x==x), indxiter, 0)
-        if len(xiter) > 0:
-            fac = special.i0(biter)
-            x2 = xiter
-            val = x2 / 2.0/ pi
-            for j in range(1,501):
-                trm1 = special.iv(j,biter)/j/fac
-                trm2 = sin(j*x2)/pi
-                val += trm1*trm2
-                if all(trm1 < eps2):
-                    break
-            if (j == 500):
-                print "Warning: did not converge..."
-            put(vals, indxiter, val)
-        vals[c_xiter]+=0.5
-        return numpy.clip(vals,0,1)
+        return vonmises_cython.von_mises_cdf(b,x)
     def _stats(self, b):
         return 0, None, 0, None
 vonmises = vonmises_gen(name='vonmises', longname="A Von Mises",

Modified: trunk/scipy/stats/setup.py
===================================================================
--- trunk/scipy/stats/setup.py	2008-10-09 05:26:59 UTC (rev 4787)
+++ trunk/scipy/stats/setup.py	2008-10-09 07:29:54 UTC (rev 4788)
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 from os.path import join
 
+
 def configuration(parent_package='',top_path=None):
     from numpy.distutils.misc_util import Configuration
     config = Configuration('stats', parent_package, top_path)
@@ -18,6 +19,11 @@
         libraries=['statlib'],
     )
 
+    # add vonmises_cython module
+    config.add_extension('vonmises_cython',
+        sources=['vonmises_cython.c'], # FIXME: use cython source
+    )
+
     # add futil module
     config.add_extension('futil',
         sources=['futil.f'],

Added: trunk/scipy/stats/vonmises.py
===================================================================
--- trunk/scipy/stats/vonmises.py	2008-10-09 05:26:59 UTC (rev 4787)
+++ trunk/scipy/stats/vonmises.py	2008-10-09 07:29:54 UTC (rev 4788)
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import numpy as np
+import scipy.stats
+from scipy.special import i0
+import numpy.testing
+
+def von_mises_cdf_series(k,x,p):
+    x = float(x)
+    s = np.sin(x)
+    c = np.cos(x)
+    sn = np.sin(p*x)
+    cn = np.cos(p*x)
+    R = 0
+    V = 0
+    for n in range(p-1,0,-1):
+        sn, cn = sn*c - cn*s, cn*c + sn*s
+        R = 1./(2*n/k + R)
+        V = R*(sn/n+V)
+
+    return 0.5+x/(2*np.pi) + V/np.pi
+
+def von_mises_cdf_normalapprox(k,x,C1):
+    b = np.sqrt(2/np.pi)*np.exp(k)/i0(k)
+    z = b*np.sin(x/2.)
+    C = 24*k
+    chi = z - z**3/((C-2*z**2-16)/3.-(z**4+7/4.*z**2+167./2)/(C+C1-z**2+3))**2
+    return scipy.stats.norm.cdf(z)
+
+def von_mises_cdf(k,x):
+    ix = 2*np.pi*np.round(x/(2*np.pi))
+    x = x-ix
+    k = float(k)
+
+    # These values should give 12 decimal digits
+    CK=50
+    a = [28., 0.5, 100., 5.0]
+    C1 = 50.1
+
+    if k<CK:
+        p = int(np.ceil(a[0]+a[1]*k-a[2]/(k+a[3])))
+
+        F = np.clip(von_mises_cdf_series(k,x,p),0,1)
+    else:
+        F = von_mises_cdf_normalapprox(k,x,C1)
+
+    return F+ix

Added: trunk/scipy/stats/vonmises_cython.c
===================================================================
--- trunk/scipy/stats/vonmises_cython.c	2008-10-09 05:26:59 UTC (rev 4787)
+++ trunk/scipy/stats/vonmises_cython.c	2008-10-09 07:29:54 UTC (rev 4788)
@@ -0,0 +1,2666 @@
+/* Generated by Cython 0.9.8.1.1 on Thu Oct  9 03:26:22 2008 */
+
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+ *     cdef double s, c, sn, cn, R, V
+ *     cdef unsigned int n
+ */
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+  double __pyx_v_s;
+  double __pyx_v_c;
+  double __pyx_v_sn;
+  double __pyx_v_cn;
+  double __pyx_v_R;
+  double __pyx_v_V;
+  unsigned int __pyx_v_n;
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+ *     c = cos(x)
+ *     sn = sin(p*x)
+ */
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+  /* "/home/peridot/software/scipy/svn/trunk/scipy/stats/vonmises_cython.pyx":16
+ *     cdef unsigned int n
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+ *     sn = sin(p*x)
+ *     cn = cos(p*x)
+ */
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+
+  /* "/home/peridot/software/scipy/svn/trunk/scipy/stats/vonmises_cython.pyx":17
+ *     s = sin(x)
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+ *     c = cos(x)
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+ *     R = 0
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+  if (__Pyx_InitStrings(__pyx_string_tab) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 1; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;};
+  return 0;
+  __pyx_L1_error:;
+  return -1;
+}
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
+PyMODINIT_FUNC initvonmises_cython(void); /*proto*/
+PyMODINIT_FUNC initvonmises_cython(void)
+#else
+PyMODINIT_FUNC PyInit_vonmises_cython(void); /*proto*/
+PyMODINIT_FUNC PyInit_vonmises_cython(void)
+#endif
+{
+  PyObject *__pyx_1 = 0;
+  PyObject *__pyx_2 = 0;
+  __pyx_empty_tuple = PyTuple_New(0); if (unlikely(!__pyx_empty_tuple)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 1; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  /*--- Libary function declarations ---*/
+  __pyx_init_filenames();
+  /*--- Initialize various global constants etc. ---*/
+  if (unlikely(__Pyx_InitGlobals() < 0)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 1; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  /*--- Module creation code ---*/
+  #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
+  __pyx_m = Py_InitModule4("vonmises_cython", __pyx_methods, 0, 0, PYTHON_API_VERSION);
+  #else
+  __pyx_m = PyModule_Create(&__pyx_moduledef);
+  #endif
+  if (!__pyx_m) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 1; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;};
+  #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
+  Py_INCREF(__pyx_m);
+  #endif
+  __pyx_b = PyImport_AddModule(__Pyx_BUILTIN_MODULE_NAME);
+  if (!__pyx_b) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 1; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;};
+  if (PyObject_SetAttrString(__pyx_m, "__builtins__", __pyx_b) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 1; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;};
+  /*--- Builtin init code ---*/
+  if (unlikely(__Pyx_InitCachedBuiltins() < 0)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 1; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_skip_dispatch = 0;
+  /*--- Global init code ---*/
+  /*--- Function export code ---*/
+  /*--- Type init code ---*/
+  /*--- Type import code ---*/
+  __pyx_ptype_5numpy_ndarray = __Pyx_ImportType("numpy", "ndarray", sizeof(PyArrayObject)); if (unlikely(!__pyx_ptype_5numpy_ndarray)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[1]; __pyx_lineno = 24; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  /*--- Function import code ---*/
+  /*--- Execution code ---*/
+
+  /* "/home/peridot/software/scipy/svn/trunk/scipy/stats/vonmises_cython.pyx":1
+ * import numpy as np             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
+ * import scipy.stats
+ * from scipy.special import i0
+ */
+  __pyx_1 = __Pyx_Import(__pyx_kp_numpy, 0); if (unlikely(!__pyx_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 1; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  if (PyObject_SetAttr(__pyx_m, __pyx_kp_np, __pyx_1) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 1; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  Py_DECREF(__pyx_1); __pyx_1 = 0;
+
+  /* "/home/peridot/software/scipy/svn/trunk/scipy/stats/vonmises_cython.pyx":2
+ * import numpy as np
+ * import scipy.stats             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
+ * from scipy.special import i0
+ * import numpy.testing
+ */
+  __pyx_1 = __Pyx_Import(__pyx_kp_17, 0); if (unlikely(!__pyx_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 2; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  if (PyObject_SetAttr(__pyx_m, __pyx_kp_scipy, __pyx_1) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 2; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  Py_DECREF(__pyx_1); __pyx_1 = 0;
+
+  /* "/home/peridot/software/scipy/svn/trunk/scipy/stats/vonmises_cython.pyx":3
+ * import numpy as np
+ * import scipy.stats
+ * from scipy.special import i0             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
+ * import numpy.testing
+ * cimport numpy as np
+ */
+  __pyx_1 = PyList_New(1); if (unlikely(!__pyx_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 3; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  Py_INCREF(__pyx_kp_i0);
+  PyList_SET_ITEM(__pyx_1, 0, __pyx_kp_i0);
+  __pyx_2 = __Pyx_Import(__pyx_kp_18, ((PyObject *)__pyx_1)); if (unlikely(!__pyx_2)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 3; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  Py_DECREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_1)); __pyx_1 = 0;
+  __pyx_1 = PyObject_GetAttr(__pyx_2, __pyx_kp_i0); if (unlikely(!__pyx_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 3; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  if (PyObject_SetAttr(__pyx_m, __pyx_kp_i0, __pyx_1) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 3; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  Py_DECREF(__pyx_1); __pyx_1 = 0;
+  Py_DECREF(__pyx_2); __pyx_2 = 0;
+
+  /* "/home/peridot/software/scipy/svn/trunk/scipy/stats/vonmises_cython.pyx":4
+ * import scipy.stats
+ * from scipy.special import i0
+ * import numpy.testing             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
+ * cimport numpy as np
+ * 
+ */
+  __pyx_2 = __Pyx_Import(__pyx_kp_19, 0); if (unlikely(!__pyx_2)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 4; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  if (PyObject_SetAttr(__pyx_m, __pyx_kp_numpy, __pyx_2) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 4; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  Py_DECREF(__pyx_2); __pyx_2 = 0;
+
+  /* "/home/peridot/devlib/lib/python2.5/site-packages/Cython-0.9.8.1.1-py2.5-linux-i686.egg/Cython/Includes/numpy.pxd":36
+ *         # experimental exception made for __getbuffer__ and __releasebuffer__
+ *         # -- the details of this may change.
+ *         def __getbuffer__(ndarray self, Py_buffer* info, int flags):             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
+ *             # This implementation of getbuffer is geared towards Cython
+ *             # requirements, and does not yet fullfill the PEP (specifically,
+ */
+  #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
+  return;
+  #else
+  return __pyx_m;
+  #endif
+  __pyx_L1_error:;
+  Py_XDECREF(__pyx_1);
+  Py_XDECREF(__pyx_2);
+  __Pyx_AddTraceback("scipy.stats.vonmises_cython");
+  #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+  return NULL;
+  #endif
+}
+
+static const char *__pyx_filenames[] = {
+  "vonmises_cython.pyx",
+  "numpy.pxd",
+};
+
+/* Runtime support code */
+
+static void __pyx_init_filenames(void) {
+  __pyx_f = __pyx_filenames;
+}
+
+static INLINE void __Pyx_SafeReleaseBuffer(PyObject* obj, Py_buffer* info) {
+  if (info->buf == NULL) return;
+  if (info->suboffsets == __Pyx_minusones) info->suboffsets = NULL;
+  __Pyx_ReleaseBuffer(obj, info);
+}
+
+static INLINE void __Pyx_ZeroBuffer(Py_buffer* buf) {
+  buf->buf = NULL;
+  buf->strides = __Pyx_zeros;
+  buf->shape = __Pyx_zeros;
+  buf->suboffsets = __Pyx_minusones;
+}
+
+static INLINE const char* __Pyx_ConsumeWhitespace(const char* ts) {
+  while (1) {
+    switch (*ts) {
+      case 10:
+      case 13:
+      case ' ':
+        ++ts;
+      default:
+        return ts;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static INLINE const char* __Pyx_BufferTypestringCheckEndian(const char* ts) {
+  int num = 1;
+  int little_endian = ((char*)&num)[0];
+  int ok = 1;
+  switch (*ts) {
+    case '@':
+    case '=':
+      ++ts; break;
+    case '<':
+      if (little_endian) ++ts;
+      else ok = 0;
+      break;
+    case '>':
+    case '!':
+      if (!little_endian) ++ts;
+      else ok = 0;
+      break;
+  }
+  if (!ok) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "Buffer has wrong endianness (rejecting on '%s')", ts);
+    return NULL;
+  }
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+}
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+static void __Pyx_BufferNdimError(Py_buffer* buffer, int expected_ndim) {
+  PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+               "Buffer has wrong number of dimensions (expected %d, got %d)",
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+}
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+
+static const char* __Pyx_BufferTypestringCheck_item_double(const char* ts) {
+  if (*ts == '1') ++ts;
+  if (*ts != 'd') {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "Buffer datatype mismatch (expected 'd', got '%s')", ts);
+    return NULL;
+  } else return ts + 1;
+  
+}
+
+static int __Pyx_GetBuffer_double(PyObject* obj, Py_buffer* buf, int flags, int nd) {
+  const char* ts;
+  if (obj == Py_None) {
+    __Pyx_ZeroBuffer(buf);
+    return 0;
+  }
+  buf->buf = NULL;
+  if (__Pyx_GetBuffer(obj, buf, flags) == -1) goto fail;
+  if (buf->ndim != nd) {
+    __Pyx_BufferNdimError(buf, nd);
+    goto fail;
+  }
+  ts = buf->format;
+  ts = __Pyx_ConsumeWhitespace(ts);
+  ts = __Pyx_BufferTypestringCheckEndian(ts);
+  if (!ts) goto fail;
+  ts = __Pyx_ConsumeWhitespace(ts);
+  ts = __Pyx_BufferTypestringCheck_item_double(ts);
+  if (!ts) goto fail;
+  ts = __Pyx_ConsumeWhitespace(ts);
+  if (*ts != 0) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+      "Expected non-struct buffer data type (expected end, got '%s')", ts);
+    goto fail;
+  }
+  if (buf->suboffsets == NULL) buf->suboffsets = __Pyx_minusones;
+  return 0;
+fail:;
+  __Pyx_ZeroBuffer(buf);
+  return -1;
+}
+static void __Pyx_RaiseBufferFallbackError(void) {
+  PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+     "Buffer acquisition failed on assignment; and then reacquiring the old buffer failed too!");
+}
+
+
+static INLINE void __Pyx_RaiseArgtupleTooLong(
+    Py_ssize_t num_expected,
+    Py_ssize_t num_found)
+{
+    const char* error_message =
+    #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x02050000
+        "function takes at most %d positional arguments (%d given)";
+    #else
+        "function takes at most %zd positional arguments (%zd given)";
+    #endif
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, error_message, num_expected, num_found);
+}
+
+#if (PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3) && !(Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT & Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_NEWBUFFER)
+static int __Pyx_GetBuffer(PyObject *obj, Py_buffer *view, int flags) {
+  if (PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, __pyx_ptype_5numpy_ndarray)) return __pyx_pf_5numpy_7ndarray___getbuffer__(obj, view, flags);
+  else {
+  PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "'%100s' does not have the buffer interface", Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name);
+  return -1;
+    }
+}
+
+static void __Pyx_ReleaseBuffer(PyObject *obj, Py_buffer *view) {
+
+}
+
+#endif
+
+static PyObject *__Pyx_Import(PyObject *name, PyObject *from_list) {
+    PyObject *__import__ = 0;
+    PyObject *empty_list = 0;
+    PyObject *module = 0;
+    PyObject *global_dict = 0;
+    PyObject *empty_dict = 0;
+    PyObject *list;
+    __import__ = PyObject_GetAttrString(__pyx_b, "__import__");
+    if (!__import__)
+        goto bad;
+    if (from_list)
+        list = from_list;
+    else {
+        empty_list = PyList_New(0);
+        if (!empty_list)
+            goto bad;
+        list = empty_list;
+    }
+    global_dict = PyModule_GetDict(__pyx_m);
+    if (!global_dict)
+        goto bad;
+    empty_dict = PyDict_New();
+    if (!empty_dict)
+        goto bad;
+    module = PyObject_CallFunction(__import__, "OOOO",
+        name, global_dict, empty_dict, list);
+bad:
+    Py_XDECREF(empty_list);
+    Py_XDECREF(__import__);
+    Py_XDECREF(empty_dict);
+    return module;
+}
+
+static PyObject *__Pyx_GetName(PyObject *dict, PyObject *name) {
+    PyObject *result;
+    result = PyObject_GetAttr(dict, name);
+    if (!result)
+        PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_NameError, name);
+    return result;
+}
+
+static PyObject *__Pyx_UnpackItem(PyObject *iter, Py_ssize_t index) {
+    PyObject *item;
+    if (!(item = PyIter_Next(iter))) {
+        if (!PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x02050000
+                    "need more than %d values to unpack", (int)index);
+                #else
+                    "need more than %zd values to unpack", index);
+                #endif
+        }
+    }
+    return item;
+}
+
+static int __Pyx_EndUnpack(PyObject *iter) {
+    PyObject *item;
+    if ((item = PyIter_Next(iter))) {
+        Py_DECREF(item);
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "too many values to unpack");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    else if (!PyErr_Occurred())
+        return 0;
+    else
+        return -1;
+}
+
+static int __Pyx_TypeTest(PyObject *obj, PyTypeObject *type) {
+    if (!type) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError, "Missing type object");
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if (obj == Py_None || PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, type))
+        return 1;
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "Cannot convert %s to %s",
+        Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name, type->tp_name);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+static void __Pyx_Raise(PyObject *type, PyObject *value, PyObject *tb) {
+    Py_XINCREF(type);
+    Py_XINCREF(value);
+    Py_XINCREF(tb);
+    /* First, check the traceback argument, replacing None with NULL. */
+    if (tb == Py_None) {
+        Py_DECREF(tb);
+        tb = 0;
+    }
+    else if (tb != NULL && !PyTraceBack_Check(tb)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+            "raise: arg 3 must be a traceback or None");
+        goto raise_error;
+    }
+    /* Next, replace a missing value with None */
+    if (value == NULL) {
+        value = Py_None;
+        Py_INCREF(value);
+    }
+    #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x02050000
+    if (!PyClass_Check(type))
+    #else
+    if (!PyType_Check(type))
+    #endif
+    {
+        /* Raising an instance.  The value should be a dummy. */
+        if (value != Py_None) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                "instance exception may not have a separate value");
+            goto raise_error;
+        }
+        /* Normalize to raise <class>, <instance> */
+        Py_DECREF(value);
+        value = type;
+        #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x02050000
+            if (PyInstance_Check(type)) {
+                type = (PyObject*) ((PyInstanceObject*)type)->in_class;
+                Py_INCREF(type);
+            }
+            else {
+                type = 0;
+                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                    "raise: exception must be an old-style class or instance");
+                goto raise_error;
+            }
+        #else
+            type = (PyObject*) Py_TYPE(type);
+            Py_INCREF(type);
+            if (!PyType_IsSubtype((PyTypeObject *)type, (PyTypeObject *)PyExc_BaseException)) {
+                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                    "raise: exception class must be a subclass of BaseException");
+                goto raise_error;
+            }
+        #endif
+    }
+    PyErr_Restore(type, value, tb);
+    return;
+raise_error:
+    Py_XDECREF(value);
+    Py_XDECREF(type);
+    Py_XDECREF(tb);
+    return;
+}
+
+static void __Pyx_WriteUnraisable(const char *name) {
+    PyObject *old_exc, *old_val, *old_tb;
+    PyObject *ctx;
+    PyErr_Fetch(&old_exc, &old_val, &old_tb);
+    #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
+    ctx = PyString_FromString(name);
+    #else
+    ctx = PyUnicode_FromString(name);
+    #endif
+    PyErr_Restore(old_exc, old_val, old_tb);
+    if (!ctx)
+        ctx = Py_None;
+    PyErr_WriteUnraisable(ctx);
+}
+
+#ifndef __PYX_HAVE_RT_ImportType
+#define __PYX_HAVE_RT_ImportType
+static PyTypeObject *__Pyx_ImportType(char *module_name, char *class_name,
+    long size)
+{
+    PyObject *py_module = 0;
+    PyObject *result = 0;
+    PyObject *py_name = 0;
+
+    #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
+    py_name = PyString_FromString(module_name);
+    #else
+    py_name = PyUnicode_FromString(module_name);
+    #endif
+    if (!py_name)
+        goto bad;
+
+    py_module = __Pyx_ImportModule(module_name);
+    if (!py_module)
+        goto bad;
+    result = PyObject_GetAttrString(py_module, class_name);
+    if (!result)
+        goto bad;
+    if (!PyType_Check(result)) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, 
+            "%s.%s is not a type object",
+            module_name, class_name);
+        goto bad;
+    }
+    if (((PyTypeObject *)result)->tp_basicsize != size) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, 
+            "%s.%s does not appear to be the correct type object",
+            module_name, class_name);
+        goto bad;
+    }
+    return (PyTypeObject *)result;
+bad:
+    Py_XDECREF(py_name);
+    Py_XDECREF(result);
+    return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __PYX_HAVE_RT_ImportModule
+#define __PYX_HAVE_RT_ImportModule
+static PyObject *__Pyx_ImportModule(char *name) {
+    PyObject *py_name = 0;
+    PyObject *py_module = 0;
+
+    #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
+    py_name = PyString_FromString(name);
+    #else
+    py_name = PyUnicode_FromString(name);
+    #endif
+    if (!py_name)
+        goto bad;
+    py_module = PyImport_Import(py_name);
+    Py_DECREF(py_name);
+    return py_module;
+bad:
+    Py_XDECREF(py_name);
+    return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+#include "compile.h"
+#include "frameobject.h"
+#include "traceback.h"
+
+static void __Pyx_AddTraceback(const char *funcname) {
+    PyObject *py_srcfile = 0;
+    PyObject *py_funcname = 0;
+    PyObject *py_globals = 0;
+    PyObject *empty_string = 0;
+    PyCodeObject *py_code = 0;
+    PyFrameObject *py_frame = 0;
+
+    #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
+    py_srcfile = PyString_FromString(__pyx_filename);
+    #else
+    py_srcfile = PyUnicode_FromString(__pyx_filename);
+    #endif
+    if (!py_srcfile) goto bad;
+    if (__pyx_clineno) {
+        #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
+        py_funcname = PyString_FromFormat( "%s (%s:%d)", funcname, __pyx_cfilenm, __pyx_clineno);
+        #else
+        py_funcname = PyUnicode_FromFormat( "%s (%s:%d)", funcname, __pyx_cfilenm, __pyx_clineno);
+        #endif
+    }
+    else {
+        #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
+        py_funcname = PyString_FromString(funcname);
+        #else
+        py_funcname = PyUnicode_FromString(funcname);
+        #endif
+    }
+    if (!py_funcname) goto bad;
+    py_globals = PyModule_GetDict(__pyx_m);
+    if (!py_globals) goto bad;
+    #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
+    empty_string = PyString_FromStringAndSize("", 0);
+    #else
+    empty_string = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize("", 0);
+    #endif
+    if (!empty_string) goto bad;
+    py_code = PyCode_New(
+        0,            /*int argcount,*/
+        #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+        0,            /*int kwonlyargcount,*/
+        #endif
+        0,            /*int nlocals,*/
+        0,            /*int stacksize,*/
+        0,            /*int flags,*/
+        empty_string, /*PyObject *code,*/
+        __pyx_empty_tuple,  /*PyObject *consts,*/
+        __pyx_empty_tuple,  /*PyObject *names,*/
+        __pyx_empty_tuple,  /*PyObject *varnames,*/
+        __pyx_empty_tuple,  /*PyObject *freevars,*/
+        __pyx_empty_tuple,  /*PyObject *cellvars,*/
+        py_srcfile,   /*PyObject *filename,*/
+        py_funcname,  /*PyObject *name,*/
+        __pyx_lineno,   /*int firstlineno,*/
+        empty_string  /*PyObject *lnotab*/
+    );
+    if (!py_code) goto bad;
+    py_frame = PyFrame_New(
+        PyThreadState_Get(), /*PyThreadState *tstate,*/
+        py_code,             /*PyCodeObject *code,*/
+        py_globals,          /*PyObject *globals,*/
+        0                    /*PyObject *locals*/
+    );
+    if (!py_frame) goto bad;
+    py_frame->f_lineno = __pyx_lineno;
+    PyTraceBack_Here(py_frame);
+bad:
+    Py_XDECREF(py_srcfile);
+    Py_XDECREF(py_funcname);
+    Py_XDECREF(empty_string);
+    Py_XDECREF(py_code);
+    Py_XDECREF(py_frame);
+}
+
+static int __Pyx_InitStrings(__Pyx_StringTabEntry *t) {
+    while (t->p) {
+        #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
+        if (t->is_unicode && (!t->is_identifier)) {
+            *t->p = PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8(t->s, t->n - 1, NULL);
+        } else if (t->intern) {
+            *t->p = PyString_InternFromString(t->s);
+        } else {
+            *t->p = PyString_FromStringAndSize(t->s, t->n - 1);
+        }
+        #else  /* Python 3+ has unicode identifiers */
+        if (t->is_identifier || (t->is_unicode && t->intern)) {
+            *t->p = PyUnicode_InternFromString(t->s);
+        } else if (t->is_unicode) {
+            *t->p = PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(t->s, t->n - 1);
+        } else {
+            *t->p = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(t->s, t->n - 1);
+        }
+        #endif
+        if (!*t->p)
+            return -1;
+        ++t;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* Type Conversion Functions */
+
+static INLINE Py_ssize_t __pyx_PyIndex_AsSsize_t(PyObject* b) {
+  Py_ssize_t ival;
+  PyObject* x = PyNumber_Index(b);
+  if (!x) return -1;
+  ival = PyInt_AsSsize_t(x);
+  Py_DECREF(x);
+  return ival;
+}
+
+static INLINE int __Pyx_PyObject_IsTrue(PyObject* x) {
+   if (x == Py_True) return 1;
+   else if (x == Py_False) return 0;
+   else return PyObject_IsTrue(x);
+}
+
+static INLINE PY_LONG_LONG __pyx_PyInt_AsLongLong(PyObject* x) {
+    if (PyInt_CheckExact(x)) {
+        return PyInt_AS_LONG(x);
+    }
+    else if (PyLong_CheckExact(x)) {
+        return PyLong_AsLongLong(x);
+    }
+    else {
+        PY_LONG_LONG val;
+        PyObject* tmp = PyNumber_Int(x); if (!tmp) return (PY_LONG_LONG)-1;
+        val = __pyx_PyInt_AsLongLong(tmp);
+        Py_DECREF(tmp);
+        return val;
+    }
+}
+
+static INLINE unsigned PY_LONG_LONG __pyx_PyInt_AsUnsignedLongLong(PyObject* x) {
+    if (PyInt_CheckExact(x)) {
+        long val = PyInt_AS_LONG(x);
+        if (unlikely(val < 0)) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Negative assignment to unsigned type.");
+            return (unsigned PY_LONG_LONG)-1;
+        }
+        return val;
+    }
+    else if (PyLong_CheckExact(x)) {
+        return PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong(x);
+    }
+    else {
+        PY_LONG_LONG val;
+        PyObject* tmp = PyNumber_Int(x); if (!tmp) return (PY_LONG_LONG)-1;
+        val = __pyx_PyInt_AsUnsignedLongLong(tmp);
+        Py_DECREF(tmp);
+        return val;
+    }
+}
+
+
+static INLINE unsigned char __pyx_PyInt_unsigned_char(PyObject* x) {
+    if (sizeof(unsigned char) < sizeof(long)) {
+        long long_val = __pyx_PyInt_AsLong(x);
+        unsigned char val = (unsigned char)long_val;
+        if (unlikely((val != long_val)  || (long_val < 0))) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "value too large to convert to unsigned char");
+            return (unsigned char)-1;
+        }
+        return val;
+    }
+    else {
+        return __pyx_PyInt_AsLong(x);
+    }
+}
+
+static INLINE unsigned short __pyx_PyInt_unsigned_short(PyObject* x) {
+    if (sizeof(unsigned short) < sizeof(long)) {
+        long long_val = __pyx_PyInt_AsLong(x);
+        unsigned short val = (unsigned short)long_val;
+        if (unlikely((val != long_val)  || (long_val < 0))) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "value too large to convert to unsigned short");
+            return (unsigned short)-1;
+        }
+        return val;
+    }
+    else {
+        return __pyx_PyInt_AsLong(x);
+    }
+}
+
+static INLINE char __pyx_PyInt_char(PyObject* x) {
+    if (sizeof(char) < sizeof(long)) {
+        long long_val = __pyx_PyInt_AsLong(x);
+        char val = (char)long_val;
+        if (unlikely((val != long_val) )) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "value too large to convert to char");
+            return (char)-1;
+        }
+        return val;
+    }
+    else {
+        return __pyx_PyInt_AsLong(x);
+    }
+}
+
+static INLINE short __pyx_PyInt_short(PyObject* x) {
+    if (sizeof(short) < sizeof(long)) {
+        long long_val = __pyx_PyInt_AsLong(x);
+        short val = (short)long_val;
+        if (unlikely((val != long_val) )) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "value too large to convert to short");
+            return (short)-1;
+        }
+        return val;
+    }
+    else {
+        return __pyx_PyInt_AsLong(x);
+    }
+}
+
+static INLINE int __pyx_PyInt_int(PyObject* x) {
+    if (sizeof(int) < sizeof(long)) {
+        long long_val = __pyx_PyInt_AsLong(x);
+        int val = (int)long_val;
+        if (unlikely((val != long_val) )) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "value too large to convert to int");
+            return (int)-1;
+        }
+        return val;
+    }
+    else {
+        return __pyx_PyInt_AsLong(x);
+    }
+}
+
+static INLINE long __pyx_PyInt_long(PyObject* x) {
+    if (sizeof(long) < sizeof(long)) {
+        long long_val = __pyx_PyInt_AsLong(x);
+        long val = (long)long_val;
+        if (unlikely((val != long_val) )) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "value too large to convert to long");
+            return (long)-1;
+        }
+        return val;
+    }
+    else {
+        return __pyx_PyInt_AsLong(x);
+    }
+}
+
+static INLINE signed char __pyx_PyInt_signed_char(PyObject* x) {
+    if (sizeof(signed char) < sizeof(long)) {
+        long long_val = __pyx_PyInt_AsLong(x);
+        signed char val = (signed char)long_val;
+        if (unlikely((val != long_val) )) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "value too large to convert to signed char");
+            return (signed char)-1;
+        }
+        return val;
+    }
+    else {
+        return __pyx_PyInt_AsLong(x);
+    }
+}
+
+static INLINE signed short __pyx_PyInt_signed_short(PyObject* x) {
+    if (sizeof(signed short) < sizeof(long)) {
+        long long_val = __pyx_PyInt_AsLong(x);
+        signed short val = (signed short)long_val;
+        if (unlikely((val != long_val) )) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "value too large to convert to signed short");
+            return (signed short)-1;
+        }
+        return val;
+    }
+    else {
+        return __pyx_PyInt_AsLong(x);
+    }
+}
+
+static INLINE signed int __pyx_PyInt_signed_int(PyObject* x) {
+    if (sizeof(signed int) < sizeof(long)) {
+        long long_val = __pyx_PyInt_AsLong(x);
+        signed int val = (signed int)long_val;
+        if (unlikely((val != long_val) )) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "value too large to convert to signed int");
+            return (signed int)-1;
+        }
+        return val;
+    }
+    else {
+        return __pyx_PyInt_AsLong(x);
+    }
+}
+
+static INLINE signed long __pyx_PyInt_signed_long(PyObject* x) {
+    if (sizeof(signed long) < sizeof(long)) {
+        long long_val = __pyx_PyInt_AsLong(x);
+        signed long val = (signed long)long_val;
+        if (unlikely((val != long_val) )) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "value too large to convert to signed long");
+            return (signed long)-1;
+        }
+        return val;
+    }
+    else {
+        return __pyx_PyInt_AsLong(x);
+    }
+}
+
+static INLINE long double __pyx_PyInt_long_double(PyObject* x) {
+    if (sizeof(long double) < sizeof(long)) {
+        long long_val = __pyx_PyInt_AsLong(x);
+        long double val = (long double)long_val;
+        if (unlikely((val != long_val) )) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "value too large to convert to long double");
+            return (long double)-1;
+        }
+        return val;
+    }
+    else {
+        return __pyx_PyInt_AsLong(x);
+    }
+}
+

Added: trunk/scipy/stats/vonmises_cython.pyx
===================================================================
--- trunk/scipy/stats/vonmises_cython.pyx	2008-10-09 05:26:59 UTC (rev 4787)
+++ trunk/scipy/stats/vonmises_cython.pyx	2008-10-09 07:29:54 UTC (rev 4788)
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+import numpy as np
+import scipy.stats
+from scipy.special import i0
+import numpy.testing
+cimport numpy as np
+
+cdef extern from "math.h":
+    double cos(double theta)
+    double sin(double theta)
+
+
+cdef double von_mises_cdf_series(double k,double x,unsigned int p):
+    cdef double s, c, sn, cn, R, V
+    cdef unsigned int n
+    s = sin(x)
+    c = cos(x)
+    sn = sin(p*x)
+    cn = cos(p*x)
+    R = 0
+    V = 0
+    for n in range(p-1,0,-1):
+        sn, cn = sn*c - cn*s, cn*c + sn*s
+        R = 1./(2*n/k + R)
+        V = R*(sn/n+V)
+
+    return 0.5+x/(2*np.pi) + V/np.pi
+
+def von_mises_cdf_normalapprox(k,x,C1):
+    b = np.sqrt(2/np.pi)*np.exp(k)/i0(k)
+    z = b*np.sin(x/2.)
+    C = 24*k
+    chi = z - z**3/((C-2*z**2-16)/3.-(z**4+7/4.*z**2+167./2)/(C+C1-z**2+3))**2
+    return scipy.stats.norm.cdf(z)
+
+cimport cython
+ at cython.boundscheck(False)
+def von_mises_cdf(k,x):
+    cdef np.ndarray[double, ndim=1] temp, temp_xs, temp_ks
+    cdef unsigned int i, p
+    cdef double a1, a2, a3, a4, C1, CK
+    #k,x = np.broadcast_arrays(np.asarray(k),np.asarray(x))
+    k = np.asarray(k)
+    x = np.asarray(x)
+    zerodim = k.ndim==0 and x.ndim==0
+
+    k = np.atleast_1d(k)
+    x = np.atleast_1d(x)
+    ix = np.round(x/(2*np.pi))
+    x = x-ix
+
+    # These values should give 12 decimal digits
+    CK=50
+    a1, a2, a3, a4 = [28., 0.5, 100., 5.0]
+    C1 = 50.1
+
+    bx, bk = np.broadcast_arrays(x,k)
+    result = np.empty(bx.shape,dtype=np.float)
+     
+    c_small_k = bk<CK
+    temp = result[c_small_k]
+    temp_xs = bx[c_small_k].astype(np.float)
+    temp_ks = bk[c_small_k].astype(np.float)
+    for i in range(len(temp)):
+        p = <int>(1+a1+a2*temp_ks[i]-a3/(temp_ks[i]+a4))
+        temp[i] = von_mises_cdf_series(temp_ks[i],temp_xs[i],p)
+        if temp[i]<0:
+            temp[i]=0
+        elif temp[i]>1:
+            temp[i]=1
+    result[c_small_k] = temp
+    result[~c_small_k] = von_mises_cdf_normalapprox(bk[~c_small_k],bx[~c_small_k],C1)
+
+    if not zerodim:
+        return result+(2*np.pi)*ix
+    else:
+        return (result+(2*np.pi)*ix)[0]




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