[Tutor] compliing error and linkage error
Edward Tsang
ed_tsang@yahoo.com
Wed, 15 Sep 1999 15:21:03 -0700 (PDT)
>
> here is the error message I have got when I try to
> link modules together.
> For some reason, python does seem to know where
> mymath/mymath_wrapper is?
> Can anyone give me a hand on that? (see Below for
> more detailed dscription)
>
> Python 1.5 (#1, Jan 23 1998, 15:03:33) [GCC
> 2.7.2.2] on sunos5
> Copyright 1991-1995 Stichting Mathematisch Centrum,
> Amsterdam
> >>> import mymath
> Traceback (innermost last):
> File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
> ImportError: No module named mymath
> >>> import mymath_wrapper
> Traceback (innermost last):
> File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
> ImportError: ld.so.1: python: fatal: relocation
> error: file ./mymath_wrapper.so: symbol mymath:
> referenced symbol not found
>
>
> Description:
> AIM 1) try to call mymath from Python
> 2) mymath function is defined and declared in
> mymath.h, all written in c
> 3) a wrapper module mymath_wrapper.c is done for
> mymath function also in c
> 4) attached are the make files I used, have done the
> following:
> *) Makefile.pre.in ---> no ediiting done
> *)Setup ----> editted to include mymath_wrapper
> and mymathwrapper.c
> Setup.in (same as Setup and not included in
> here)
> *) make_shared ---> edited to include
> mymath_wrapper and mymath_wrapper.c
> 5) using Python1.5.2 and cc. on Solris CDE 1.3
> Thanks
>
>
> ATTACHMENT part 2 application/x-sun-shell-script name=make_shared;
x-unix-mode=0755
> # Universal Unix Makefile for Python extensions
> # =============================================
>
> # Short Instructions
> # ------------------
>
> # 1. Build and install Python (1.5 or newer).
> # 2. "make -f Makefile.pre.in boot"
> # 3. "make"
> # You should now have a shared library.
>
> # Long Instructions
> # -----------------
>
> # Build *and install* the basic Python 1.5
> distribution. See the
> # Python README for instructions. (This version of
> Makefile.pre.in
> # only withs with Python 1.5, alpha 3 or newer.)
>
> # Create a file Setup.in for your extension. This
> file follows the
> # format of the Modules/Setup.in file; see the
> instructions there.
> # For a simple module called "spam" on file
> "spammodule.c", it can
> # contain a single line:
> # spam spammodule.c
> # You can build as many modules as you want in the
> same directory --
> # just have a separate line for each of them in the
> Setup.in file.
>
> # If you want to build your extension as a shared
> library, insert a
> # line containing just the string
> # *shared*
> # at the top of your Setup.in file.
>
> # Note that the build process copies Setup.in to
> Setup, and then works
> # with Setup. It doesn't overwrite Setup when
> Setup.in is changed, so
> # while you're in the process of debugging your
> Setup.in file, you may
> # want to edit Setup instead, and copy it back to
> Setup.in later.
> # (All this is done so you can distribute your
> extension easily and
> # someone else can select the modules they actually
> want to build by
> # commenting out lines in the Setup file, without
> editing the
> # original. Editing Setup is also used to specify
> nonstandard
> # locations for include or library files.)
>
> # Copy this file (Misc/Makefile.pre.in) to the
> directory containing
> # your extension.
>
> # Run "make -f Makefile.pre.in boot". This creates
> Makefile
> # (producing Makefile.pre and sedscript as
> intermediate files) and
> # config.c, incorporating the values for sys.prefix,
> sys.exec_prefix
> # and sys.version from the installed Python binary.
> For this to work,
> # the python binary must be on your path. If this
> fails, try
> # make -f Makefile.pre.in Makefile VERSION=1.5
> installdir=<prefix>
> # where <prefix> is the prefix used to install
> Python for installdir
> # (and possibly similar for
> exec_installdir=<exec_prefix>).
>
> # Note: "make boot" implies "make clobber" -- it
> assumes that when you
> # bootstrap you may have changed platforms so it
> removes all previous
> # output files.
>
> # If you are building your extension as a shared
> library (your
> # Setup.in file starts with *shared*), run "make" or
> "make sharedmods"
> # to build the shared library files. If you are
> building a statically
> # linked Python binary (the only solution of your
> platform doesn't
> # support shared libraries, and sometimes handy if
> you want to
> # distribute or install the resulting Python
> binary), run "make
> # python".
>
> # Note: Each time you edit Makefile.pre.in or Setup,
> you must run
> # "make Makefile" before running "make".
>
> # Hint: if you want to use VPATH, you can start in
> an empty
> # subdirectory and say (e.g.):
> # make -f ../Makefile.pre.in boot srcdir=..
> VPATH=..
>
>
> # === Bootstrap variables (edited through "make
> boot") ===
>
> # The prefix used by "make inclinstall libainstall"
> of core python
> installdir= /usr/local
>
> # The exec_prefix used by the same
> exec_installdir=$(installdir)
>
> # Source directory and VPATH in case you want to use
> VPATH.
> # (You will have to edit these two lines yourself --
> there is no
> # automatic support as the Makefile is not generated
> by
> # config.status.)
> srcdir= .
> VPATH= .
>
> # === Variables that you may want to customize
> (rarely) ===
>
> # (Static) build target
> TARGET= python
>
> # Installed python binary (used only by boot target)
> PYTHON= python
>
> # Add more -I and -D options here
> CFLAGS= $(OPT) -I$(INCLUDEPY) -I$(EXECINCLUDEPY)
> $(DEFS)
>
> # These two variables can be set in Setup to merge
> extensions.
> # See example[23].
> BASELIB=
> BASESETUP=
>
> # === Variables set by makesetup ===
>
> MODOBJS= _MODOBJS_
> MODLIBS= _MODLIBS_
>
> # === Definitions added by makesetup ===
>
> # === Variables from configure (through sedscript)
> ===
>
> VERSION= @VERSION@
> CC= @CC@
> LINKCC= @LINKCC@
> SGI_ABI= @SGI_ABI@
> OPT= @OPT@
> LDFLAGS= @LDFLAGS@
> LDLAST= @LDLAST@
> DEFS= @DEFS@
> LIBS= @LIBS@
> LIBM= @LIBM@
> LIBC= @LIBC@
> RANLIB= @RANLIB@
> MACHDEP= @MACHDEP@
> SO= @SO@
> LDSHARED= @LDSHARED@
> CCSHARED= @CCSHARED@
> LINKFORSHARED= @LINKFORSHARED@
> #@SET_CCC@
>
> # Install prefix for architecture-independent files
> prefix= /usr/local
>
> # Install prefix for architecture-dependent files
> exec_prefix= $(prefix)
>
> # Uncomment the following two lines for AIX
> #LINKCC= $(LIBPL)/makexp_aix $(LIBPL)/python.exp ""
> $(LIBRARY); $(PURIFY) $(CC)
> #LDSHARED= $(LIBPL)/ld_so_aix $(CC)
> -bI:$(LIBPL)/python.exp
>
> # === Fixed definitions ===
>
> # Shell used by make (some versions default to the
> login shell, which is bad)
> SHELL= /bin/sh
>
> # Expanded directories
> BINDIR= $(exec_installdir)/bin
> LIBDIR= $(exec_prefix)/lib
> MANDIR= $(installdir)/man
> INCLUDEDIR= $(installdir)/include
> SCRIPTDIR= $(prefix)/lib
>
> # Detailed destination directories
> BINLIBDEST= $(LIBDIR)/python$(VERSION)
> LIBDEST= $(SCRIPTDIR)/python$(VERSION)
> INCLUDEPY= $(INCLUDEDIR)/python$(VERSION)
> EXECINCLUDEPY=
> $(exec_installdir)/include/python$(VERSION)
> LIBP= $(exec_installdir)/lib/python$(VERSION)
> DESTSHARED= $(BINLIBDEST)/site-packages
>
> LIBPL= $(LIBP)/config
>
> PYTHONLIBS= $(LIBPL)/libpython$(VERSION).a
>
> MAKESETUP= $(LIBPL)/makesetup
> MAKEFILE= $(LIBPL)/Makefile
> CONFIGC= $(LIBPL)/config.c
> CONFIGCIN= $(LIBPL)/config.c.in
> SETUP= $(LIBPL)/Setup.thread $(LIBPL)/Setup.local
> $(LIBPL)/Setup
>
> SYSLIBS= $(LIBM) $(LIBC)
>
> ADDOBJS= $(LIBPL)/python.o config.o
>
> # Portable install script (configure doesn't always
> guess right)
> INSTALL= $(LIBPL)/install-sh -c
> # Shared libraries must be installed with executable
> mode on some systems;
> # rather than figuring out exactly which, we always
> give them executable mode.
> # Also, making them read-only seems to be a good
> idea...
> INSTALL_SHARED= ${INSTALL} -m 555
>
> # === Fixed rules ===
>
> # Default target. This builds shared libraries only
> default: sharedmods
>
> # Build everything
> all: static sharedmods
>
> # Build shared libraries from our extension modules
> sharedmods: $(SHAREDMODS)
>
> # Build a static Python binary containing our
> extension modules
> static: $(TARGET)
> $(TARGET): $(ADDOBJS) lib.a $(PYTHONLIBS) Makefile
> $(BASELIB)
> $(LINKCC) $(LDFLAGS) $(LINKFORSHARED) \
> $(ADDOBJS) lib.a $(PYTHONLIBS) \
> $(LINKPATH) $(BASELIB) $(MODLIBS) $(LIBS)
> $(SYSLIBS) \
> -o $(TARGET) $(LDLAST)
>
> install: sharedmods
> if test ! -d $(DESTSHARED) ; then \
> mkdir $(DESTSHARED) ; else true ; fi
> -for i in X $(SHAREDMODS); do \
> if test $$i != X; \
> then $(INSTALL_SHARED) $$i $(DESTSHARED)/$$i; \
> fi; \
> done
>
> # Build the library containing our extension modules
> lib.a: $(MODOBJS)
> -rm -f lib.a
> ar cr lib.a $(MODOBJS)
> -$(RANLIB) lib.a
>
> # This runs makesetup *twice* to use the BASESETUP
> definition from Setup
> config.c Makefile: Makefile.pre Setup $(BASESETUP)
> $(MAKESETUP)
> $(MAKESETUP) \
> -m Makefile.pre -c $(CONFIGCIN) Setup -n
> $(BASESETUP) $(SETUP)
> $(MAKE) -f Makefile do-it-again
>
> # Internal target to run makesetup for the second
> time
> do-it-again:
> $(MAKESETUP) \
> -m Makefile.pre -c $(CONFIGCIN) Setup -n
> $(BASESETUP) $(SETUP)
>
> # Make config.o from the config.c created by
> makesetup
> config.o: config.c
> $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c config.c
>
> # Setup is copied from Setup.in *only* if it doesn't
> yet exist
> Setup:
> cp $(srcdir)/Setup.in Setup
>
> # Make the intermediate Makefile.pre from
> Makefile.pre.in
> Makefile.pre: Makefile.pre.in sedscript
> sed -f sedscript $(srcdir)/Makefile.pre.in
> >Makefile.pre
>
> # Shortcuts to make the sed arguments on one line
> P=prefix
> E=exec_prefix
> H=Generated automatically from Makefile.pre.in by
> sedscript.
> L=LINKFORSHARED
>
> # Make the sed script used to create Makefile.pre
> from Makefile.pre.in
> sedscript: $(MAKEFILE)
> sed -n \
> -e '1s/.*/1i\\/p' \
> -e '2s%.*%# $H%p' \
> -e '/^VERSION=/s/^VERSION=[
> ]*\(.*\)/s%@VERSION[@]%\1%/p' \
> -e '/^CC=/s/^CC=[ ]*\(.*\)/s%@CC[@]%\1%/p' \
> -e '/^CCC=/s/^CCC=[
> ]*\(.*\)/s%#@SET_CCC[@]%CCC=\1%/p' \
> -e '/^LINKCC=/s/^LINKCC=[
> ]*\(.*\)/s%@LINKCC[@]%\1%/p' \
> -e '/^OPT=/s/^OPT=[ ]*\(.*\)/s%@OPT[@]%\1%/p' \
> -e '/^LDFLAGS=/s/^LDFLAGS=[
> ]*\(.*\)/s%@LDFLAGS[@]%\1%/p' \
> -e '/^LDLAST=/s/^LDLAST=[
> ]*\(.*\)/s%@LDLAST[@]%\1%/p' \
> -e '/^DEFS=/s/^DEFS=[ ]*\(.*\)/s%@DEFS[@]%\1%/p'
> \
> -e '/^LIBS=/s/^LIBS=[ ]*\(.*\)/s%@LIBS[@]%\1%/p'
> \
> -e '/^LIBM=/s/^LIBM=[ ]*\(.*\)/s%@LIBM[@]%\1%/p'
> \
> -e '/^LIBC=/s/^LIBC=[ ]*\(.*\)/s%@LIBC[@]%\1%/p'
> \
> -e '/^RANLIB=/s/^RANLIB=[
> ]*\(.*\)/s%@RANLIB[@]%\1%/p' \
> -e '/^MACHDEP=/s/^MACHDEP=[
> ]*\(.*\)/s%@MACHDEP[@]%\1%/p' \
> -e '/^SO=/s/^SO=[ ]*\(.*\)/s%@SO[@]%\1%/p' \
> -e '/^LDSHARED=/s/^LDSHARED=[
> ]*\(.*\)/s%@LDSHARED[@]%\1%/p' \
> -e '/^CCSHARED=/s/^CCSHARED=[
> ]*\(.*\)/s%@CCSHARED[@]%\1%/p' \
> -e '/^SGI_ABI=/s/^SGI_ABI=[
> ]*\(.*\)/s%@SGI_ABI[@]%\1%/p' \
> -e '/^$L=/s/^$L=[ ]*\(.*\)/s%@$L[@]%\1%/p' \
> -e '/^$P=/s/^$P=\(.*\)/s%^$P=.*%$P=\1%/p' \
> -e '/^$E=/s/^$E=\(.*\)/s%^$E=.*%$E=\1%/p' \
> $(MAKEFILE) >sedscript
> echo "/^#@SET_CCC@/d" >>sedscript
> echo "/^installdir=/s%=.*%= $(installdir)%"
> >>sedscript
> echo
> "/^exec_installdir=/s%=.*%=$(exec_installdir)%"
> >>sedscript
> echo "/^srcdir=/s%=.*%= $(srcdir)%" >>sedscript
> echo "/^VPATH=/s%=.*%= $(VPATH)%" >>sedscript
> echo "/^LINKPATH=/s%=.*%= $(LINKPATH)%" >>sedscript
> echo "/^BASELIB=/s%=.*%= $(BASELIB)%" >>sedscript
> echo "/^BASESETUP=/s%=.*%= $(BASESETUP)%"
> >>sedscript
>
> # Bootstrap target
> boot: clobber
> VERSION=`$(PYTHON) -c "import sys; print
> sys.version[:3]"`; \
> installdir=`$(PYTHON) -c "import sys; print
> sys.prefix"`; \
> exec_installdir=`$(PYTHON) -c "import sys; print
> sys.exec_prefix"`; \
> $(MAKE) -f $(srcdir)/Makefile.pre.in VPATH=$(VPATH)
> srcdir=$(srcdir) \
> VERSION=$$VERSION \
> installdir=$$installdir \
> exec_installdir=$$exec_installdir \
> Makefile
>
> # Handy target to remove intermediate files and
> backups
> clean:
> -rm -f *.o *~
>
> # Handy target to remove everything that is easily
> regenerated
> clobber: clean
> -rm -f *.a tags TAGS config.c Makefile.pre
> $(TARGET) sedscript
> -rm -f *.so *.sl so_locations
>
>
> # Handy target to remove everything you don't want
> to distribute
> distclean: clobber
> -rm -f Makefile Setup
> >
>
> int add(int a, int b)
> {
> return (int)(a+b);
> }
> > #include <Python.h>
> #include "mymath.h"
>
> PyObject*
> pyfunc_mymath(self, args)
> PyObject *self, *args;
> {
> PyObject *result;
> int res, a, b;
> if(!PyArg_ParseTuple(args,"ii:mymath",&a,&b))
> return NULL;
> res = mymath(a,b);
> result = Py_BuildValue("i",res);
> return result;
> }
>
> static PyMethodDef mymathMethods[] =
> {
> {"mymath", pyfunc_mymath, METH_VARARGS},
> {NULL,NULL}
> };
>
> void initmymath()
> {
> (void) Py_InitModule("mymath", mymathMethods);
> }
>
> > *shared*
> mymath_wrapper mymath_wrapper.c
>
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