[Tutor] help
vnsampath
vns@coconutmail.com
Sun, 20 May 2001 18:53:08 +0800
---------- Original Message ----------------------------------
From: tutor-request@python.org
Reply-to: tutor@python.org
Date: Sat, 19 May 2001 12:01:09 -0400
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>Today's Topics:
>
> 1. Re: singleton pattern (Michael P. Reilly)
> 2. RE: singleton pattern (alan.gauld@bt.com)
> 3. Large scope CGI & DB problem... where to start? (Ryan Booz)
> 4. Re: singleton pattern (Roeland Rengelink)
> 5. Re: singleton pattern (Roeland Rengelink)
> 6. Re: singleton pattern (D-Man)
> 7. Re: removing digits from a file (Daniel Yoo)
> 8. RE: removing digits from a file (Tim Peters)
> 9. wxPython & distribution (Andrew Wilkins)
> 10. RE: wxPython & distribution (Andrew Wilkins)
> 11. Setting Path From Python Shell (IDLE 0.8) (Mr. Razak)
> 12. C=EC=EE=F2=F0=E8=F2=E5 =ED=E0 =E2=E8=E4=E5=EE "=D7=C5=D0=CD=DB=C9 =
=D4=D0=C0=C5=D0" (=D7=C5=D0=CD=DB=C9 =D4=D0=C0=C5=D0)
> 13. Re: Setting Path From Python Shell (IDLE 0.8) (Kalle Svensson)
>
>--__--__--
>
>Message: 1
>From: "Michael P. Reilly" <arcege@dsl092-074-184.bos1.dsl.speakeasy.net>
>Subject: Re: [Tutor] singleton pattern
>To: alan.gauld@bt.com
>Date: Fri, 18 May 2001 12:14:11 -0400 (EDT)
>Cc: tutor@python.org
>Reply-To: arcege@speakeasy.net
>
>alan.gauld@bt.com wrote
>>
>> Acerge wrote:
>> > class SingletonInstance:
>> > instance =3D None # class member for the singleton instance
>> > def __init__(self, klass):
>> > if self.__class__.instance is None:
>>
>> OK, I've now read the docs and had a play.
>>
>> This is solving a slightly different problem, I think.
>> The self.__class__.instance is only a convoluted way of writing
>> SingletonInstance.instance - I think the latter is clearer.
>
>Except that self.__class__.instance works with subclasses of
>SingletonInstance but SingletonInstance.instance does not. The class I
>gave was geared more to subclasses for the individual singleton classes
>(which addressed your different class issue below). But since I had
>already specified that there had been lengthy discussions in more
>appropriate forums, I wasn't going to go further.
>
>> > self.__class__.instance =3D klass() # make the instance
>>
>> This is setting the instance attribute of the SingletonInstance
>> class to an instance of the manufactured class. I'm not sure how
>> this gives us a singleton structure? It will ensure that
>> calls to SingletonInstance produce a new instance of klass
>> and assign it to the class variable, but for a singleton we
>> want to ensure that calls to the constructor return a pointer
>> to *the same* instance.
>
>Pointing to the same instance is not a necessary condition for the
>the problem of a singleton class. It might be how you think it should
>work, but nothing in the functionality defined even hints to "Class()
>is Class()" as a tautology.
>
>The above does not "ensure that calls to SingletonInstance produce a new
>instance of klass". It ensures that SingletonInstance instances will
>always reference ONE instance (created by SingletonInstance) of klass.
>
>With:
>>>> aspam =3D SingletonInstance(Spam)
>>>> bspam =3D SingletonInstance(Spam)
>>>> aspam.__class__.instance is bspam.__class__.instance
>1
>>>>
>
>I assert that for any two instances of a call to the SingletonInstance
>class, the 'instance' class member will always be the first instance
>of the klass given in the first call and that the two instances behave
>identically.
>
>The goal, and requirement, of a singleton class is that an instance
>from a class _behaves identically_ to any other instance of that class,
>not that only one instance can be created. In Python, there is no
>way for a Python class constructor to return anything other than a new
>instance. For that you might want to create the factory and use __call__.=
>This solution allows for any instance to always access the data in the
>first instance created. Other more involved solutions would be to always
>use the class members, never instance members. The point is that object
>identity is not a condition of singleton classes.
>
>> Thus:
>> foo =3D SingletonInstance(MyFileClass)
>>
>> and
>>
>> bar =3D SingletonInstance(MySocketClass)
>>
>> should make foo and bar reference the same instance (but,
>> in this case, set the internal instance variable
>> to a new class reference)
>[Here, functionally, I would hope that MyFileClass would want a
>different singleton instance than MySocketClass since they are different
>classes, but it was also mentioned above that here there should be two
>subclasses of SingletonInstance to solve that.]
>
>Commonly idioms to this have already been put out, and ppl just need
>to look at the multitude of modules in the standard library that
>implement them. Mine was not the answer to the original question and
>I didn't attempt to make it such, but more of a method of dealing with
>overly-complicated, abortive method at instance creation.
>
> -Arcege
>
>--
>+----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
>| Michael P. Reilly | arcege@speakeasy.net |
>
>
>--__--__--
>
>Message: 2
>From: alan.gauld@bt.com
>To: arcege@speakeasy.net, alan.gauld@bt.com
>Cc: tutor@python.org
>Subject: RE: [Tutor] singleton pattern
>Date: Fri, 18 May 2001 17:32:37 +0100
>
>> > Acerge wrote:
>> Except that self.__class__.instance works with subclasses of
>> SingletonInstance but SingletonInstance.instance does not.
>
>OK, fair point.
>I was making a single factory class that could generate
>singletons of any type but you are making a class which
>can be subclassed, fair enough.
>
>> > > self.__class__.instance =3D klass() # make the instance
>> ...
>> Pointing to the same instance is not a necessary condition for the
>> the problem of a singleton class. It might be how you think
>> it should work, but nothing in the functionality defined
>> even hints to "Class() is Class()" as a tautology.
>
>Indeed, but surely "instance is instance" is?
>
>> The above does not "ensure that calls to SingletonInstance
>> produce a new instance of klass".
>
>Yes, looking again I see that in fact if you try to pass
>a different class in subsequent calls it will be ignored.
>(In fact its ignored regardless of what you pass in!)
>
>> >>> aspam =3D SingletonInstance(Spam)
>> >>> bspam =3D SingletonInstance(Spam)
>> >>> aspam.__class__.instance is bspam.__class__.instance
>> 1
>
>> the 'instance' class member will always be the first instance
>> of the klass given in the first call
>
>Exactly so, that was the bit I missed first time around.
>
>> and that the two instances behave identically.
>
>Since they delegate everything to the underlying
>singleton instance, correct. This is the tie in
>to Roelands post about the two techniques for
>generating singleton behaviour. I was trying
>to build a generic singleton factory, you are
>building a singleton wrapper. Because the ctors
>looked similar I tried to apply a factory metaphor
>to your wrapper class....
>
>> The goal, and requirement, of a singleton class
>> is that an instance from a class _behaves identically_
>> to any other instance of that class,
>
>Agreed.
>
>> not that only one instance can be created.
>
>Agreed, one instance is only one way of implementing that
>behaviour.
>
>> Mine was not the answer to the original question and
>> I didn't attempt to make it such,
>
>I think thats what confused me. I assumed it was an attempt
>to answer the original question.
>
>> overly-complicated, abortive method at instance creation.
>
>That'd be my original pseudo-code then :-)
>
>Alan g
>
>
>--__--__--
>
>Message: 3
>Date: Fri, 18 May 2001 12:55:53 -0400
>From: Ryan Booz <ryanbooz@alumni.psu.edu>
>To: tutor@python.org
>Subject: [Tutor] Large scope CGI & DB problem... where to start?
>
>Hello all...
>
>I'd like to ask some questions about a CGI program I'm trying to write
>(well, just trying to do the planning right now) and see if I can get
>some starting points. I'm still on the low end of the learning curve
>with Python (learning and teaching at the same time), but I'm getting
>ready to leave this school at the end of the year, and want to leave
>some useful web-based management programs here for the guy that is going
>to take over. Of course, it's also giving me a chance to get more
>programming experience. I know that I'm asking a question that probably
>has many other better solutions (PHP for instance, maybe ZOPE) but I
>figure I'll get a start here and explore the other options as I have
>time to learn those tools.
>
>The first program I'm working on is a weekly computer lab schedule that
>can be updated to show (ala calendar type table) the periods for the
>desired week, what classes are in the lab, and how many computers are
>open during each period. If there is an "open" period (or open
>computers) a teacher can schedule that period for their class.
>
>So, getting the table drawn is simple enough with a CGI script. But,
>I really don't have a good sense how to start thinking about storing the
>data. Separate file for each week of school (this seems terribly
>inefficient)? One large file with dictionaries or shelving? Would it be
>easier to set up a MySQL DB and interface with that (yeah, I'm just
>trying to start the DB learning curve also.... ahhhh!).
>
>I know this is a pretty large scope question. And, depending on how I
>store the data, would determine how I retrieve the data for each given
>week. So... I'm new and inexperienced. Any suggestions, even "you're
>going about this all wrong - use _______ instead", would be greatly
>appreciated.
>
>Thanks for the advice and help,
>Ryan Booz
>Tech Coordinator
>Belleville Mennonite School
>
>
>
>--__--__--
>
>Message: 4
>Date: Fri, 18 May 2001 19:43:09 +0200
>From: Roeland Rengelink <r.b.rigilink@chello.nl>
>To: tutor@python.org
>Subject: Re: [Tutor] singleton pattern
>
>alan.gauld@bt.com wrote:
>>
>
>[snip]
>
>> > * the SingletonFactory
>> >
>> > class SingletonFactory:
>> > singleton =3D None
>> > def __call__(self):
>> > if SingletonFactory.singleton is None:
>> > SingletonFactory.singleton =3D Singleton()
>> > return SingletonFactory.singleton
>>
>> And this is what I was doing in my second post except
>> that I was allowing multiple Factories to be created
>> each one managing a singleton instance of the class
>> specified in the ctor. But I then moved the actual
>> construction of the singleton into the makeInstance
>> method and used an exception to pass back the actual
>> singleton instance rather than fake access thru'
>> the Factory class.
>>
>> > >>> SF =3D SingletonFactory()
>> > >>> x =3D SF()
>> > >>> y =3D SF()
>> > >>> id(x) =3D=3D id(y)
>> > 1
>>
>> I guess my question is whether it wouyld be easier to
>> assign the instance attribute directly to x,y:
>>
>> >>> x =3D SF().instance
>> >>> y =3D SF().instance
>>
>
>that's what
>
>>>> x =3D SF()
>>>> y =3D SF()
>
>allready do
>
>Remember SF is an instance of SingletonFactory, SF().instance makes no
>sense
>
>x =3D SF()
>
>is equivalent to
>
>x =3D SF.__call__()
>
>which is equivalent to
>
>x =3D SF.singleton # if SF.singleton !=3D None)
>
>or
>
>SF.singleton =3D Singleton() # if SF.singleton =3D=3D None
>x =3D SF.singleton
>
>> And also what happens using this model if we create more than one
>> SignletonFactory instance:
>>
>> SF =3D SingletonFactorty()
>> MF =3D SingletonFactorty()
>> x =3D MF()
>> y =3D SF()
>>
>
>SF.singleton =3D=3D MF.singleton
>
>That's why I assigned to SingletonFactory.singleton, rather than
>self.singleton
>
>SingletonFactory in this sense behaves like a singleton itself (i.e.
>different ids, but identical state)
>
>> are x and y now pointing at the same object?
>>
>
>yes
>
>
>Have fun,
>
>Roeland
>
>--
>r.b.rigilink@chello.nl
>
>"Half of what I say is nonsense. Unfortunately I don't know which half"
>
>
>--__--__--
>
>Message: 5
>Date: Fri, 18 May 2001 19:59:14 +0200
>From: Roeland Rengelink <r.b.rigilink@chello.nl>
>To: tutor@python.org
>Subject: Re: [Tutor] singleton pattern
>
>D-Man wrote:
>>
>> For those interested in seriously pursuing software development I
>> highly recommend the book "Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable
>> Object Oriented Software" by the so-called Gang of Four (Gamma, Helm,
>> Johnson, Vlissides). The ISBN number is 0-201-63361-2. It is a
>> hard-cover book and costs ~$50. This book is not for beginners,
>> however, and all the example code is in C++ or Smalltalk. The
>> patterns are really good to know and are not language specific.
>>
>
>I'd like to second that.
>
>One of the purposes of the book --which makes it interesting even for
>those who cannot yet fully grasp the implementation issues addressed--
>is to provide a design vocabulary by naming common design idioms.
>
>For example, this thread would have long ago degenerated into complete
>gibberish, if this book hadn't defined the term 'singleton', giving us a
>single word for 'a class of which there is, at any time, only one
>instance.'
>
>Well, maybe it did degenerate into complete gibberish long ago. Just
>imagine, it could have even worse.
>
>Roeland
>--
>r.b.rigilink@chello.nl
>
>"Half of what I say is nonsense. Unfortunately I don't know which half"
>
>
>--__--__--
>
>Message: 6
>Date: Fri, 18 May 2001 13:53:10 -0400
>From: D-Man <dsh8290@rit.edu>
>To: tutor@python.org
>Subject: Re: [Tutor] singleton pattern
>
>On Fri, May 18, 2001 at 07:43:09PM +0200, Roeland Rengelink wrote:
>| SingletonFactory in this sense behaves like a singleton itself (i.e.
>| different ids, but identical state)
>
>Flyweight, not Singleton. :-). (There is more than one instance, but
>they share state)
>
>-D
>
>
>
>--__--__--
>
>Message: 7
>Date: Fri, 18 May 2001 15:43:42 -0700 (PDT)
>From: Daniel Yoo <dyoo@hkn.eecs.berkeley.edu>
>To: sheri <din22@home.com>
>cc: tutor@python.org
>Subject: Re: [Tutor] removing digits from a file
>
>On Fri, 18 May 2001, sheri wrote:
>
>> i want to do something like this
>>
>> if char (is a digit)
>> delete char
>
>To do this, we can write a small "isDigit()" function that tells us if a
>character is a digit.
>
>###
>def isDigit(mychar):
> return mychar =3D=3D '0' or mychar =3D=3D '1' or mychar =3D=3D '2' or =
...
>###
>
>But we can see that this is a really dull way of writing this. An easier
>way to do this is to take advantage of a list structure: doing this will
>allow us to say: "Go though each one of these digits, and see if it
>matches with mychar."
>
>###
>def isDigit(mychar):
> numbers =3D ['0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9']
> for n in numbers:
> if n =3D=3D mychar: return 1
> return 0
>###
>
>We're being careful to put those numbers in quotes, because we want to
>make sure we're making comparisons between two characters. Python's a
>little strict about this:
>
>###
>>>> 1 =3D=3D '1'
>0
>###
>
>so we need to be aware of the trap of comparing between apples and
>oranges.
>
>
>
>This version of isDigit() works, but there are small idioms we can use to
>make this even nicer.
>
>One idiom is to use the 'in' operation on our list of numbers. We can say=
>that if our mychar is 'in' the numbers, we're ok:
>
>###
>def isDigit(mychar):
> numbers =3D ['0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9']
> return mychar in numbers
>###
>
>
>One other cute trick we can use is to express the characters from '0' to
>'9' like this:
>
>
>###
>def isDigit(mychar):
> numbers =3D map(str, range(10))
> return mychar in numbers
>###
>
>which means: "Let's allows numbers to stand for the list that contains the=
>range from 0 through 9. By the way, we're making all those digits into
>strings first."
>
>
>
>--__--__--
>
>Message: 8
>Reply-To: <tutor@python.org>
>From: "Tim Peters" <tim.one@home.com>
>To: "sheri" <din22@home.com>
>Cc: <tutor@python.org>
>Subject: RE: [Tutor] removing digits from a file
>Date: Fri, 18 May 2001 19:00:00 -0400
>
>[sheri]
>> hello, i am trying to write a script to remove digits from a list of
>> spelling words.
>> i have a file like this:
>> 1. that 2. cat 3. rat 4. etc...
>>
>> i want to do something like this
>>
>> if char (is a digit)
>> delete char
>>
>> so that the output file is like this:
>> that cat rat etc...
>
>Hmm. Since I see you got 4 replies that didn't mention the obvious soluti=
on
>yet, maybe it's not really that obvious <wink>.
>
>The string module has a translate() function that can both substitute
>characters and delete them. You don't want any substitutions here, so the=
>code needed to turn substituting off gets in the way a bit:
>
>import string
>dont_substitute_anything =3D string.maketrans("", "")
>
>def sheri(a_string):
> return string.translate(a_string,
> dont_substitute_anything,
> "0123456789.") # characters to delete
>
>Then, for example,
>
>>>> sheri("1. that 2. cat 3. rat 4. etc...")
>' that cat rat etc'
>>>>
>
>
>
>--__--__--
>
>Message: 9
>From: "Andrew Wilkins" <toodles@yifan.net>
>To: <tutor@python.org>
>Date: Sat, 19 May 2001 10:37:46 +0800
>Subject: [Tutor] wxPython & distribution
>
>Howdy folks,
>
>I'm trying to make an .exe distribution of a script that uses wxPython. I'=
ve
>tried using Gordon McMillan's installer scripts. They build everything oka=
y,
>but when i execute the file, it does absolutely nothing: it simply exits.
>Has anyone had similar troubles, or are you all using Tkinter? :o)
>
>TIA,
>Andrew
>
>
>
>
>--__--__--
>
>Message: 10
>From: "Andrew Wilkins" <toodles@yifan.net>
>To: <tutor@python.org>
>Subject: RE: [Tutor] wxPython & distribution
>Date: Sat, 19 May 2001 11:53:17 +0800
>
>Actually it's nothing to do with wxPython...
>
>I made a new file, a.py with one line "print 1", and that did nothing
>either. It might be because I'm using python 2.1, I'll check it out later!=
>
>Andrew
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: tutor-admin@python.org [mailto:tutor-admin@python.org]On Behalf Of=
>> Andrew Wilkins
>> Sent: Saturday, 19 May 2001 10:38 AM
>> To: tutor@python.org
>> Subject: [Tutor] wxPython & distribution
>>
>>
>> Howdy folks,
>>
>> I'm trying to make an .exe distribution of a script that uses
>> wxPython. I've
>> tried using Gordon McMillan's installer scripts. They build
>> everything okay,
>> but when i execute the file, it does absolutely nothing: it simply exits=
.
>> Has anyone had similar troubles, or are you all using Tkinter? :o)
>>
>> TIA,
>> Andrew
>>
>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org
>> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
>>
>
>
>
>
>--__--__--
>
>Message: 11
>From: "Mr. Razak" <arazak@kansai.com.my>
>To: <tutor@python.org>
>Date: Sat, 19 May 2001 09:50:50 +0800
>Subject: [Tutor] Setting Path From Python Shell (IDLE 0.8)
>
>This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
>
>------=3D_NextPart_000_000F_01C0E049.2FF69EE0
>Content-Type: text/plain;
> charset=3D"iso-8859-1"
>Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
>
>I want to know, how can i change directory while working inside python =
=3D
>shell.
>Let say i want to save my python program in C:\PY_PRG directory and i =3D
>want to set default to this directory. How to do that.
>
>FYI I'm using window98 flat form.
>
>Thank.
>
>------=3D_NextPart_000_000F_01C0E049.2FF69EE0
>Content-Type: text/html;
> charset=3D"iso-8859-1"
>Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
>
><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
><HTML><HEAD>
><META content=3D3D"text/html; charset=3D3Diso-8859-1" =3D
>http-equiv=3D3DContent-Type>
><META content=3D3D"MSHTML 5.00.2614.3500" name=3D3DGENERATOR>
><STYLE></STYLE>
></HEAD>
><BODY bgColor=3D3D#ffffff>
><DIV><FONT face=3D3DArial size=3D3D3>I want to know, how can i change =3D
>directory while=3D20
>working inside python shell.</FONT></DIV>
><DIV><FONT face=3D3DArial size=3D3D3>Let say i want to save my python =3D
>program in=3D20
>C:\PY_PRG directory=A0and=A0i want to set default to this =3D
>directory. How=3D20
>to do that.</FONT></DIV>
><DIV>=A0</DIV>
><DIV><FONT face=3D3DArial size=3D3D3>FYI I'm using window98 flat =3D
>form.</FONT></DIV>
><DIV>=A0</DIV>
><DIV><FONT face=3D3DArial size=3D3D3><FONT=3D20
>size=3D3D3>Thank</FONT>.</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>
>
>------=3D_NextPart_000_000F_01C0E049.2FF69EE0--
>
>
>
>--__--__--
>
>Message: 12
>From: =D7=C5=D0=CD=DB=C9 =D4=D0=C0=C5=D0<russianvideo@yahoo.com>
>To: tutor@python.org
>Reply-To: russianvideo@yahoo.com
>Date: Sat, 19 May 2001 14:53:40 +0300
>Subject: [Tutor] C=EC=EE=F2=F0=E8=F2=E5 =ED=E0 =E2=E8=E4=E5=EE "=D7=C5=D0=
=CD=DB=C9 =D4=D0=C0=C5=D0"
>
>
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>
> =D7=C5=D0=CD=DB=
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>
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=EA=E0=F0=F2=E8=ED=FB: =C1=F0=E0=F2, =C8=E3=EB=E0, =C0=F1=F1=E0.
>=C8 =E3=EB=E0=E2=ED=EE=E5, =E7=E4=E5=F1=FC =E5=F1=F2=FC =CD=EE=E2=FB=E9 =
=C3=E5=F0=EE=E9, =E6=E5=F1=F2=EE=EA=E8=E9 =E8 =F0=EE=EC=E0=ED=F2=E8=F7=E5=
=F1=EA=E8=E9.
>
>
>--__--__--
>
>Message: 13
>Date: Sat, 19 May 2001 15:47:59 +0200
>From: Kalle Svensson <kalle@gnupung.net>
>To: tutor@python.org
>Subject: Re: [Tutor] Setting Path From Python Shell (IDLE 0.8)
>
>Sez Mr. Razak:
>> I want to know, how can i change directory while working inside python s=
hell.
>
>Use os.chdir() - http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/os-file-dir.html
>
>> Let say i want to save my python program in C:\PY_PRG directory and i wa=
nt
>> to set default to this directory. How to do that.
>
>I suppose the above could help, but I don't know IDLE very well.
>
>Peace,
> Kalle
>--
>Email: kalle@gnupung.net | You can tune a filesystem, but you
>Web: http://www.gnupung.net/ | can't tune a fish. -- man tunefs(8)
>PGP fingerprint: 0C56 B171 8159 327F 1824 F5DE 74D7 80D7 BF3B B1DD
> [ Not signed due to lossage. Blame Microsoft Outlook Express. ]
>
>
>
>--__--__--
>
>_______________________________________________
>Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org
>http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
>
>
>End of Tutor Digest
>
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