Steven D'Aprano, et al, Thanks everyone for the thorough explanations on variable use and scope in Python. It was enlightening...and sometimes confusing, but I'm working on that. It just points out all the new things I have yet to learn about the language. -- ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ ¤ kyoboku kazeoshi ¤ ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤