[XML-SIG] XML Canonicalization

Rich Salz rsalz@zolera.com
Thu, 17 May 2001 09:57:08 -0400


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Someone had asked for code to do XML C14N (canonicalization) a couple of
weeks ago.  I finally got around to cleaning up my code; it's attached.

I would be more than happy to add this to PyXML if there's interest. 
Since it operates on DOM nodes, perhaps xml.dom.utils ?  I'd probably
also need to upgrade the documentation -- the docstrings in the code
should tell you all you need.

Hope this helps -- looking forward to feedback.
	/r$
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#! /usr/bin/env python
'''XML C14N

Perform XML Canonicalization.  Not fully conformant to the spec
in a couple of ways (mostly minor):
    Comments are always stripped
    Whitespace preservation/stripping not totally correct
    Processing Instruction nodes aren't handled
    The nodeset must start with an element and includes all descendants
Fixing the last one would be non-trivial.
'''

_copyright = '''Copyright 2001, Zolera Systems Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
Distributed under the terms of the Python 2.0 Copyright.'''

from xml.dom import Node
import re
import StringIO

_attrs = lambda E: E._get_attributes() or []
_children = lambda E: E._get_childNodes() or []
_sorter = lambda n1, n2: cmp(n1._get_nodeName(), n2._get_nodeName())
xmlns_base = "http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/"

class _implementation:

    # Handlers for each node, by node type.
    handlers = {}

    # pattern/replacement list for whitespace stripping.
    repats = (
	( re.compile(r'^[ \t]+', re.MULTILINE), '' ),
	( re.compile(r'[ \t]+$', re.MULTILINE), '' ),
	( re.compile(r'[\r\n]+'), '\n' ),
    )

    def __init__(self, node, write, nsdict={}, stripspace=0):
	'''Create and run the implementation.'''
	if node._get_nodeType() != Node.ELEMENT_NODE:
	    raise TypeError, 'Non-element node'
	self.write, self.ns_stack, self.stripspace = \
		write, [nsdict], stripspace
	self._do_element(node)
	self.ns_stack.pop()

    def _do_text(self, node):
	'Output a text node in canonical form.'
	s = node._get_data() \
		.replace("\015", "
") \
		.replace("&", "&") \
		.replace("<", "&lt;") \
		.replace(">", "&gt;")
	if self.stripspace:
	    for pat,repl in _implementation.repats:
		s = re.sub(pat, repl, s)
	if s: self.write(s)
    handlers[Node.TEXT_NODE] =_do_text
    handlers[Node.CDATA_SECTION_NODE] =_do_text

    def _do_pi(self, node):
	'Output a processing instruction in canonical form.'
	pass	# XXX
    handlers[Node.PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE] =_do_pi

    def _do_comment(self, node):
	'Output a comment node in canonical form.'
	pass	# XXX
    handlers[Node.COMMENT_NODE] =_do_comment

    def _do_attr(self, n, value):
	'Output an attribute in canonical form.'
	W = self.write
	W(' ')
	W(n)
	W('="')
	s = value \
	    .replace("&", "&amp;") \
	    .replace("<", "&lt;") \
	    .replace('"', '&quot;') \
	    .replace('\011', '&#9') \
	    .replace('\012', '&#A') \
	    .replace('\015', '&#D')
	W(s)
	W('"')

    def _do_element(self, node):
	'Output an element (and its children) in canonical form.'
	name = node._get_nodeName()
	parent_ns = self.ns_stack[-1]
	my_ns = { 'xmlns': parent_ns.get('xmlns', '') }
	W = self.write
	W('<')
	W(name)

	# Divide attributes to NS definitions and others.
	nsnodes, others = [], []
	for a in _attrs(node):
	    if a._get_namespaceURI() == xmlns_base:
		nsnodes.append(a)
	    else:
		others.append(a)

	# Namespace attributes: update dictionary; if not already
	# in parent, output it.
	nsnodes.sort(_sorter)
	for a in nsnodes:
	    n = a._get_nodeName()
	    if n == "xmlns:":
		key, n = "", "xmlns"
	    else:
		key = a._get_localName()
	    v = my_ns[key] = a._get_nodeValue()
	    pval = parent_ns.get(key, None)
	    if v != pval: self._do_attr(n, v)

	# Other attributes: sort and output.
	others.sort(_sorter)
	for a in others:
	    self._do_attr(a._get_nodeName(), a._get_value())
	W('>')

	self.ns_stack.append(my_ns)
	for c in _children(node):
	    handler = _implementation.handlers.get(c._get_nodeType(), None)
	    if handler: handler(self, c)
	self.ns_stack.pop()
	W('</%s>' % (name,))
    handlers[Node.ELEMENT_NODE] =_do_element

def XMLC14N(node, output=None, **kw):
    '''Canonicalize a DOM element node and everything underneath it.
    Return the text; if output is specified then output.write will
    be called to output the text and the return value will be None.
    Keyword parameters:
	stripspace -- remove extra (almost all) whitespace from text nodes
	nsdict -- a dictionary of prefix/uri namespace entries assumed
	    to exist in the surrounding context.
    '''

    if output:
	s = None
    else:
	output = s = StringIO.StringIO()

    _implementation(node,
	output.write,
	stripspace=kw.get('stripspace', 0),
	nsdict=kw.get('nsdict', {})
    )
    if s: return (s.getvalue(), s.close())[0]
    return None
    if s == None: return None
    ret = s.getvalue()
    s.close()
    return ret

if __name__ == '__main__':
    text = '''<SOAP-ENV:Envelope
      xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"
      xmlns:SOAP-ENC="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"
      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:spare='foo'
      SOAP-ENV:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/">
	<SOAP-ENV:Body xmlns='test-uri'><?MYPI spenser?>
	    <Price xsi:type='xsd:integer'>34</Price>	<!-- 0 -->
	    <SOAP-ENC:byte>44</SOAP-ENC:byte>	<!-- 1 -->
	    <Name>This is the name</Name>	<!-- 2 -->
	    <n2><![CDATA[<greeting>Hello</greeting>]]></n2> <!-- 3 -->
	    <n3 href='#zzz' xsi:type='SOAP-ENC:string'/>		<!-- 4 -->
	    <n64>a GVsbG8=</n64>		<!-- 5 -->
	    <SOAP-ENC:string>Red</SOAP-ENC:string>	<!-- 6 -->
	    <a2 href='#tri2'/>		<!-- 7 -->
	    <a2 xmlns:f='z' xmlns:aa='zz'><i xmlns:f='z'>12</i><t>rich salz</t></a2> <!-- 8 -->
	    <xsd:hexBinary>3F2041</xsd:hexBinary> <!-- 9 -->
	    <nullint xsi:nil='1'/> <!-- 10 -->
	</SOAP-ENV:Body>
      <z xmlns='myns' id='zzz'>The value of n3</z>
      <zz xmlns:spare='foo' xmlns='myns2' id='tri2'><inner>content</inner></zz>
    </SOAP-ENV:Envelope>'''

    print _copyright
    from xml.dom.ext.reader import PyExpat
    reader = PyExpat.Reader()
    dom = reader.fromString(text)
    for e in _children(dom):
	if e._get_nodeType() != Node.ELEMENT_NODE: continue
	for ee in _children(e):
	    if ee._get_nodeType() != Node.ELEMENT_NODE: continue
	    print '\n', '=' * 60
	    print XMLC14N(ee, nsdict={'spare':'foo'}, stripspace=1)
	    print '-' * 60
	    print XMLC14N(ee, stripspace=0)
	    print '=' * 60

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