Mailman 3 February 2016 - Python-checkins

cpython (3.4): #26246: update copybutton.js after JQuery update. Patch by Liang-Bo Wang.
by ezio.melotti 27 Feb '16

27 Feb '16

https://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/f0e20d942760 changeset: 100355:f0e20d942760 branch: 3.4 parent: 100251:9f29cf9ad17f user: Ezio Melotti <ezio.melotti(a)gmail.com> date: Sat Feb 27 08:39:36 2016 +0200 summary: #26246: update copybutton.js after JQuery update. Patch by Liang-Bo Wang. files: Doc/tools/static/copybutton.js | 18 +++++++++++------- Misc/ACKS | 1 + 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) diff --git a/Doc/tools/static/copybutton.js b/Doc/tools/static/copybutton.js --- a/Doc/tools/static/copybutton.js +++ b/Doc/tools/static/copybutton.js @@ -38,20 +38,24 @@ }); // define the behavior of the button when it's clicked - $('.copybutton').toggle( - function() { - var button = $(this); + $('.copybutton').click(function(e){ + e.preventDefault(); + var button = $(this); + if (button.data('hidden') === 'false') { + // hide the code output button.parent().find('.go, .gp, .gt').hide(); button.next('pre').find('.gt').nextUntil('.gp, .go').css('visibility', 'hidden'); button.css('text-decoration', 'line-through'); button.attr('title', show_text); - }, - function() { - var button = $(this); + button.data('hidden', 'true'); + } else { + // show the code output button.parent().find('.go, .gp, .gt').show(); button.next('pre').find('.gt').nextUntil('.gp, .go').css('visibility', 'visible'); button.css('text-decoration', 'none'); button.attr('title', hide_text); - }); + button.data('hidden', 'false'); + } + }); }); diff --git a/Misc/ACKS b/Misc/ACKS --- a/Misc/ACKS +++ b/Misc/ACKS @@ -1478,6 +1478,7 @@ Rodrigo Steinmuller Wanderley Dingyuan Wang Ke Wang +Liang-Bo Wang Greg Ward Tom Wardill Zachary Ware -- Repository URL: https://hg.python.org/cpython

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cpython (merge 3.4 -> 3.5): #26246: merge with 3.4.
by ezio.melotti 27 Feb '16

27 Feb '16

https://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/ac175a7af60b changeset: 100356:ac175a7af60b branch: 3.5 parent: 100352:ce5ef48b5140 parent: 100355:f0e20d942760 user: Ezio Melotti <ezio.melotti(a)gmail.com> date: Sat Feb 27 08:41:16 2016 +0200 summary: #26246: merge with 3.4. files: Doc/tools/static/copybutton.js | 18 +++++++++++------- Misc/ACKS | 1 + 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) diff --git a/Doc/tools/static/copybutton.js b/Doc/tools/static/copybutton.js --- a/Doc/tools/static/copybutton.js +++ b/Doc/tools/static/copybutton.js @@ -38,20 +38,24 @@ }); // define the behavior of the button when it's clicked - $('.copybutton').toggle( - function() { - var button = $(this); + $('.copybutton').click(function(e){ + e.preventDefault(); + var button = $(this); + if (button.data('hidden') === 'false') { + // hide the code output button.parent().find('.go, .gp, .gt').hide(); button.next('pre').find('.gt').nextUntil('.gp, .go').css('visibility', 'hidden'); button.css('text-decoration', 'line-through'); button.attr('title', show_text); - }, - function() { - var button = $(this); + button.data('hidden', 'true'); + } else { + // show the code output button.parent().find('.go, .gp, .gt').show(); button.next('pre').find('.gt').nextUntil('.gp, .go').css('visibility', 'visible'); button.css('text-decoration', 'none'); button.attr('title', hide_text); - }); + button.data('hidden', 'false'); + } + }); }); diff --git a/Misc/ACKS b/Misc/ACKS --- a/Misc/ACKS +++ b/Misc/ACKS @@ -1533,6 +1533,7 @@ Rodrigo Steinmuller Wanderley Dingyuan Wang Ke Wang +Liang-Bo Wang Greg Ward Tom Wardill Zachary Ware -- Repository URL: https://hg.python.org/cpython

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cpython: compile.c: inline compiler_use_new_block()
by victor.stinner 27 Feb '16

27 Feb '16

https://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/b9e5be743d15 changeset: 100354:b9e5be743d15 user: Victor Stinner <victor.stinner(a)gmail.com> date: Sat Feb 27 02:19:22 2016 +0100 summary: compile.c: inline compiler_use_new_block() * Inline compiler_use_new_block() function into its only callee, compiler_enter_scope() * Remove unused NEW_BLOCK() macro files: Python/compile.c | 37 +++++++++-------------------------- 1 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-) diff --git a/Python/compile.c b/Python/compile.c --- a/Python/compile.c +++ b/Python/compile.c @@ -171,7 +171,6 @@ static int compiler_addop_o(struct compiler *, int, PyObject *, PyObject *); static int compiler_addop_i(struct compiler *, int, Py_ssize_t); static int compiler_addop_j(struct compiler *, int, basicblock *, int); -static basicblock *compiler_use_new_block(struct compiler *); static int compiler_error(struct compiler *, const char *); static int compiler_nameop(struct compiler *, identifier, expr_context_ty); @@ -523,6 +522,7 @@ int scope_type, void *key, int lineno) { struct compiler_unit *u; + basicblock *block; u = (struct compiler_unit *)PyObject_Malloc(sizeof( struct compiler_unit)); @@ -620,8 +620,11 @@ c->u = u; c->c_nestlevel++; - if (compiler_use_new_block(c) == NULL) + + block = compiler_new_block(c); + if (block == NULL) return 0; + c->u->u_curblock = block; if (u->u_scope_type != COMPILER_SCOPE_MODULE) { if (!compiler_set_qualname(c)) @@ -756,16 +759,6 @@ } static basicblock * -compiler_use_new_block(struct compiler *c) -{ - basicblock *block = compiler_new_block(c); - if (block == NULL) - return NULL; - c->u->u_curblock = block; - return block; -} - -static basicblock * compiler_next_block(struct compiler *c) { basicblock *block = compiler_new_block(c); @@ -1208,22 +1201,12 @@ return 1; } -/* The distinction between NEW_BLOCK and NEXT_BLOCK is subtle. (I'd - like to find better names.) NEW_BLOCK() creates a new block and sets - it as the current block. NEXT_BLOCK() also creates an implicit jump - from the current block to the new block. +/* NEXT_BLOCK() creates an implicit jump from the current block + to the new block. + + The returns inside this macro make it impossible to decref objects + created in the local function. Local objects should use the arena. */ - -/* The returns inside these macros make it impossible to decref objects - created in the local function. Local objects should use the arena. -*/ - - -#define NEW_BLOCK(C) { \ - if (compiler_use_new_block((C)) == NULL) \ - return 0; \ -} - #define NEXT_BLOCK(C) { \ if (compiler_next_block((C)) == NULL) \ return 0; \ -- Repository URL: https://hg.python.org/cpython

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cpython (merge 3.5 -> default): merge with 3.5
by georg.brandl 26 Feb '16

26 Feb '16

https://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/3cf014d67908 changeset: 100353:3cf014d67908 parent: 100351:06001e079072 parent: 100352:ce5ef48b5140 user: Georg Brandl <georg(a)python.org> date: Fri Feb 26 19:37:52 2016 +0100 summary: merge with 3.5 files: Doc/distributing/index.rst | 16 +- Doc/distutils/apiref.rst | 2 +- Doc/extending/extending.rst | 2 +- Doc/extending/index.rst | 2 +- Doc/faq/design.rst | 2 +- Doc/faq/extending.rst | 4 +- Doc/faq/general.rst | 12 +- Doc/faq/gui.rst | 12 +- Doc/faq/library.rst | 2 +- Doc/faq/programming.rst | 2 +- Doc/howto/curses.rst | 2 +- Doc/howto/functional.rst | 12 +- Doc/howto/logging-cookbook.rst | 2 +- Doc/howto/logging.rst | 2 +- Doc/howto/sorting.rst | 6 +- Doc/howto/unicode.rst | 6 +- Doc/howto/webservers.rst | 34 +++--- Doc/installing/index.rst | 18 +- Doc/library/asyncio-eventloops.rst | 6 +- Doc/library/asyncio-subprocess.rst | 4 +- Doc/library/collections.rst | 6 +- Doc/library/dbm.rst | 2 +- Doc/library/decimal.rst | 3 - Doc/library/email.generator.rst | 4 +- Doc/library/functions.rst | 2 +- Doc/library/functools.rst | 6 +- Doc/library/heapq.rst | 4 +- Doc/library/http.client.rst | 2 +- Doc/library/itertools.rst | 4 +- Doc/library/json.rst | 2 +- Doc/library/logging.rst | 2 +- Doc/library/mailbox.rst | 4 +- Doc/library/math.rst | 16 +- Doc/library/msilib.rst | 64 +++++++------- Doc/library/os.rst | 6 +- Doc/library/othergui.rst | 14 +- Doc/library/random.rst | 2 +- Doc/library/re.rst | 2 +- Doc/library/shelve.rst | 4 +- Doc/library/socket.rst | 2 +- Doc/library/ssl.rst | 26 ++-- Doc/library/stat.rst | 2 +- Doc/library/subprocess.rst | 8 +- Doc/library/test.rst | 2 +- Doc/library/tkinter.rst | 4 +- Doc/library/unittest.mock-examples.rst | 6 +- Doc/library/urllib.request.rst | 2 +- Doc/library/winreg.rst | 12 +- Doc/library/wsgiref.rst | 4 +- Doc/library/xml.rst | 10 +- Doc/library/xmlrpc.client.rst | 2 +- Doc/library/zipfile.rst | 15 +-- Doc/library/zipimport.rst | 2 +- Doc/using/mac.rst | 2 +- Doc/using/unix.rst | 8 +- Doc/using/windows.rst | 28 +++--- Doc/whatsnew/2.0.rst | 4 +- Doc/whatsnew/2.1.rst | 2 +- Doc/whatsnew/2.3.rst | 8 +- Doc/whatsnew/2.4.rst | 6 +- Doc/whatsnew/2.5.rst | 6 +- Doc/whatsnew/2.6.rst | 10 +- Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst | 4 +- Doc/whatsnew/3.0.rst | 2 +- Doc/whatsnew/3.2.rst | 22 ++-- Doc/whatsnew/3.3.rst | 6 +- Doc/whatsnew/3.4.rst | 8 +- Doc/whatsnew/3.5.rst | 2 +- Misc/NEWS | 2 +- 69 files changed, 252 insertions(+), 262 deletions(-) diff --git a/Doc/distributing/index.rst b/Doc/distributing/index.rst --- a/Doc/distributing/index.rst +++ b/Doc/distributing/index.rst @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ repository of open source licensed packages made available for use by other Python users * the `Python Packaging Authority - <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/future.html>`__ are the group of + <https://www.pypa.io/>`__ are the group of developers and documentation authors responsible for the maintenance and evolution of the standard packaging tools and the associated metadata and file format standards. They maintain a variety of tools, documentation @@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ locally. .. _setuptools: https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/setuptools.html -.. _wheel: http://wheel.readthedocs.org +.. _wheel: https://wheel.readthedocs.org Open source licensing and collaboration ======================================= @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ The Python Packaging User Guide includes more details on the `currently recommended tools`_. -.. _currently recommended tools: https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/current.html#packaging-tool-recommen… +.. _currently recommended tools: https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/current/#packaging-tool-recommendati… Reading the guide ================= @@ -124,11 +124,11 @@ * `Uploading the project to the Python Packaging Index`_ .. _Project structure: \ - https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/distributing.html#creating-your-own-… + https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/distributing/ .. _Building and packaging the project: \ - https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/distributing.html#packaging-your-pro… + https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/distributing/#packaging-your-project .. _Uploading the project to the Python Packaging Index: \ - https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/distributing.html#uploading-your-pro… + https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/distributing/#uploading-your-project… How do I...? @@ -160,11 +160,11 @@ .. seealso:: `Python Packaging User Guide: Binary Extensions - <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/extensions.html>`__ + <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/extensions>`__ .. other topics: Once the Development & Deployment part of PPUG is fleshed out, some of those sections should be linked from new questions here (most notably, we should have a question about avoiding depending on PyPI that links to - https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/deployment.html#pypi-mirrors-and-cac…) + https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/mirrors/) diff --git a/Doc/distutils/apiref.rst b/Doc/distutils/apiref.rst --- a/Doc/distutils/apiref.rst +++ b/Doc/distutils/apiref.rst @@ -1822,7 +1822,7 @@ Builds a `Windows Installer`_ (.msi) binary package. - .. _Windows Installer: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc185688(VS.85).aspx + .. _Windows Installer: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc185688(VS.85).aspx In most cases, the ``bdist_msi`` installer is a better choice than the ``bdist_wininst`` installer, because it provides better support for diff --git a/Doc/extending/extending.rst b/Doc/extending/extending.rst --- a/Doc/extending/extending.rst +++ b/Doc/extending/extending.rst @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ avoid writing C extensions and preserve portability to other implementations. For example, if your use case is calling C library functions or system calls, you should consider using the :mod:`ctypes` module or the `cffi - <http://cffi.readthedocs.org>`_ library rather than writing custom C code. + <https://cffi.readthedocs.org>`_ library rather than writing custom C code. These modules let you write Python code to interface with C code and are more portable between implementations of Python than writing and compiling a C extension module. diff --git a/Doc/extending/index.rst b/Doc/extending/index.rst --- a/Doc/extending/index.rst +++ b/Doc/extending/index.rst @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ .. seealso:: - `Python Packaging User Guide: Binary Extensions <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/extensions.html>`_ + `Python Packaging User Guide: Binary Extensions <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/extensions/>`_ The Python Packaging User Guide not only covers several available tools that simplify the creation of binary extensions, but also discusses the various reasons why creating an extension module may be diff --git a/Doc/faq/design.rst b/Doc/faq/design.rst --- a/Doc/faq/design.rst +++ b/Doc/faq/design.rst @@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ `Cython <http://cython.org/>`_ and `Pyrex <http://www.cosc.canterbury.ac.nz/greg.ewing/python/Pyrex/>`_ compile a modified version of Python with optional annotations into C -extensions. `Weave <http://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy-dev/reference/tutorial/weave.html>`_ makes it easy to +extensions. `Weave <https://scipy.github.io/devdocs/tutorial/weave.html>`_ makes it easy to intermingle Python and C code in various ways to increase performance. `Nuitka <http://www.nuitka.net/>`_ is an up-and-coming compiler of Python into C++ code, aiming to support the full Python language. diff --git a/Doc/faq/extending.rst b/Doc/faq/extending.rst --- a/Doc/faq/extending.rst +++ b/Doc/faq/extending.rst @@ -50,10 +50,10 @@ If you need to interface to some C or C++ library for which no Python extension currently exists, you can try wrapping the library's data types and functions with a tool such as `SWIG <http://www.swig.org>`_. `SIP -<http://www.riverbankcomputing.co.uk/software/sip/intro>`__, `CXX +<https://riverbankcomputing.com/software/sip/intro>`__, `CXX <http://cxx.sourceforge.net/>`_ `Boost <http://www.boost.org/libs/python/doc/index.html>`_, or `Weave -<http://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy-dev/reference/tutorial/weave.html>`_ are also +<https://scipy.github.io/devdocs/tutorial/weave.html>`_ are also alternatives for wrapping C++ libraries. diff --git a/Doc/faq/general.rst b/Doc/faq/general.rst --- a/Doc/faq/general.rst +++ b/Doc/faq/general.rst @@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ -------------------------------------------- The latest Python source distribution is always available from python.org, at -https://www.python.org/download/. The latest development sources can be obtained +https://www.python.org/downloads/. The latest development sources can be obtained via anonymous Mercurial access at https://hg.python.org/cpython. The source distribution is a gzipped tar file containing the complete C source, @@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ How do I get a beta test version of Python? ------------------------------------------- -Alpha and beta releases are available from https://www.python.org/download/. All +Alpha and beta releases are available from https://www.python.org/downloads/. All releases are announced on the comp.lang.python and comp.lang.python.announce newsgroups and on the Python home page at https://www.python.org/; an RSS feed of news is available. @@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ `www.python.org <https://www.python.org>`_ is graciously hosted by `Rackspace <http://www.rackspace.com>`_, with CDN caching provided by `Fastly <https://www.fastly.com>`_. `Upfront Systems -<http://www.upfrontsystems.co.za>`_ hosts `bugs.python.org +<http://www.upfrontsystems.co.za/>`_ hosts `bugs.python.org <https://bugs.python.org>`_. Many other Python services like `the Wiki <https://wiki.python.org>`_ are hosted by `Oregon State University Open Source Lab <https://osuosl.org>`_. @@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ When he began implementing Python, Guido van Rossum was also reading the published scripts from `"Monty Python's Flying Circus" -<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Python>`__, a BBC comedy series from the 1970s. Van Rossum +<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Python>`__, a BBC comedy series from the 1970s. Van Rossum thought he needed a name that was short, unique, and slightly mysterious, so he decided to call the language Python. @@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ releases. The latest stable releases can always be found on the `Python download page -<https://www.python.org/download/>`_. There are two recommended production-ready +<https://www.python.org/downloads/>`_. There are two recommended production-ready versions at this point in time, because at the moment there are two branches of stable releases: 2.x and 3.x. Python 3.x may be less useful than 2.x, since currently there is more third party software available for Python 2 than for @@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ High-profile Python projects include `the Mailman mailing list manager <http://www.list.org>`_ and `the Zope application server <http://www.zope.org>`_. Several Linux distributions, most notably `Red Hat -<http://www.redhat.com>`_, have written part or all of their installer and +<https://www.redhat.com>`_, have written part or all of their installer and system administration software in Python. Companies that use Python internally include Google, Yahoo, and Lucasfilm Ltd. diff --git a/Doc/faq/gui.rst b/Doc/faq/gui.rst --- a/Doc/faq/gui.rst +++ b/Doc/faq/gui.rst @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ Standard builds of Python include an object-oriented interface to the Tcl/Tk widget set, called :ref:`tkinter <Tkinter>`. This is probably the easiest to install (since it comes included with most -`binary distributions <https://www.python.org/download/>`_ of Python) and use. +`binary distributions <https://www.python.org/downloads/>`_ of Python) and use. For more info about Tk, including pointers to the source, see the `Tcl/Tk home page <http://www.tcl.tk>`_. Tcl/Tk is fully portable to the Mac OS X, Windows, and Unix platforms. @@ -58,19 +58,19 @@ --- There are bindings available for the Qt toolkit (using either `PyQt -<http://www.riverbankcomputing.co.uk/software/pyqt/intro>`_ or `PySide -<http://www.pyside.org/>`_) and for KDE (`PyKDE <https://techbase.kde.org/Development/Languages/Python>`__). +<https://riverbankcomputing.com/software/pyqt/intro>`_ or `PySide +<https://wiki.qt.io/PySide>`_) and for KDE (`PyKDE <https://techbase.kde.org/Development/Languages/Python>`__). PyQt is currently more mature than PySide, but you must buy a PyQt license from -`Riverbank Computing <http://www.riverbankcomputing.co.uk/software/pyqt/license>`_ +`Riverbank Computing <https://www.riverbankcomputing.com/commercial/license-faq>`_ if you want to write proprietary applications. PySide is free for all applications. Qt 4.5 upwards is licensed under the LGPL license; also, commercial licenses -are available from `The Qt Company <http://www.qt.io/licensing/>`_. +are available from `The Qt Company <https://www.qt.io/licensing/>`_. Gtk+ ---- -The `GObject introspection bindings <https://live.gnome.org/PyGObject>`_ +The `GObject introspection bindings <https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/PyGObject>`_ for Python allow you to write GTK+ 3 applications. There is also a `Python GTK+ 3 Tutorial <http://python-gtk-3-tutorial.readthedocs.org/en/latest/>`_. diff --git a/Doc/faq/library.rst b/Doc/faq/library.rst --- a/Doc/faq/library.rst +++ b/Doc/faq/library.rst @@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ For Unix, see a Usenet post by Mitch Chapman: - http://groups.google.com/groups?selm=34A04430.CF9@ohioee.com + https://groups.google.com/groups?selm=34A04430.CF9@ohioee.com Why doesn't closing sys.stdout (stdin, stderr) really close it? diff --git a/Doc/faq/programming.rst b/Doc/faq/programming.rst --- a/Doc/faq/programming.rst +++ b/Doc/faq/programming.rst @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ warns about code complexity and style. You can get PyChecker from http://pychecker.sourceforge.net/. -`Pylint <http://www.logilab.org/projects/pylint>`_ is another tool that checks +`Pylint <http://www.pylint.org/>`_ is another tool that checks if a module satisfies a coding standard, and also makes it possible to write plug-ins to add a custom feature. In addition to the bug checking that PyChecker performs, Pylint offers some additional features such as checking line diff --git a/Doc/howto/curses.rst b/Doc/howto/curses.rst --- a/Doc/howto/curses.rst +++ b/Doc/howto/curses.rst @@ -545,7 +545,7 @@ a lengthy tutorial for C programmers. * `The ncurses man page <http://linux.die.net/man/3/ncurses>`_ * `The ncurses FAQ <http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/ncurses.faq.html>`_ -* `"Use curses... don't swear" <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eN1eZtjLEnU>`_: +* `"Use curses... don't swear" <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eN1eZtjLEnU>`_: video of a PyCon 2013 talk on controlling terminals using curses or Urwid. * `"Console Applications with Urwid" <http://www.pyvideo.org/video/1568/console-applications-with-urwid>`_: video of a PyCon CA 2012 talk demonstrating some applications written using diff --git a/Doc/howto/functional.rst b/Doc/howto/functional.rst --- a/Doc/howto/functional.rst +++ b/Doc/howto/functional.rst @@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ List comprehensions and generator expressions (short form: "listcomps" and "genexps") are a concise notation for such operations, borrowed from the -functional programming language Haskell (http://www.haskell.org/). You can strip +functional programming language Haskell (https://www.haskell.org/). You can strip all the whitespace from a stream of strings with the following code:: line_list = [' line 1\n', 'line 2 \n', ...] @@ -716,7 +716,7 @@ It doesn't construct an in-memory list and exhaust all the input iterators before returning; instead tuples are constructed and returned only if they're requested. (The technical term for this behaviour is `lazy evaluation -<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazy_evaluation>`__.) +<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazy_evaluation>`__.) This iterator is intended to be used with iterables that are all of the same length. If the iterables are of different lengths, the resulting stream will be @@ -1199,7 +1199,7 @@ **Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs**, by Harold Abelson and Gerald Jay Sussman with Julie Sussman. Full text at -http://mitpress.mit.edu/sicp/. In this classic textbook of computer science, +https://mitpress.mit.edu/sicp/. In this classic textbook of computer science, chapters 2 and 3 discuss the use of sequences and streams to organize the data flow inside a program. The book uses Scheme for its examples, but many of the design approaches described in these chapters are applicable to functional-style @@ -1208,12 +1208,12 @@ http://www.defmacro.org/ramblings/fp.html: A general introduction to functional programming that uses Java examples and has a lengthy historical introduction. -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_programming: General Wikipedia entry +https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_programming: General Wikipedia entry describing functional programming. -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coroutine: Entry for coroutines. +https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coroutine: Entry for coroutines. -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currying: Entry for the concept of currying. +https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currying: Entry for the concept of currying. Python-specific --------------- diff --git a/Doc/howto/logging-cookbook.rst b/Doc/howto/logging-cookbook.rst --- a/Doc/howto/logging-cookbook.rst +++ b/Doc/howto/logging-cookbook.rst @@ -1316,7 +1316,7 @@ ----------------------------------------- Below is an example of a logging configuration dictionary - it's taken from -the `documentation on the Django project <https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.3/topics/logging/#configuring-logging>`_. +the `documentation on the Django project <https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.4/topics/logging/#configuring-logging>`_. This dictionary is passed to :func:`~config.dictConfig` to put the configuration into effect:: LOGGING = { diff --git a/Doc/howto/logging.rst b/Doc/howto/logging.rst --- a/Doc/howto/logging.rst +++ b/Doc/howto/logging.rst @@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ If your logging needs are simple, then use the above examples to incorporate logging into your own scripts, and if you run into problems or don't understand something, please post a question on the comp.lang.python Usenet -group (available at http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python) and you +group (available at https://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python) and you should receive help before too long. Still here? You can carry on reading the next few sections, which provide a diff --git a/Doc/howto/sorting.rst b/Doc/howto/sorting.rst --- a/Doc/howto/sorting.rst +++ b/Doc/howto/sorting.rst @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ ================================ Sorts are guaranteed to be `stable -<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm#Stability>`_\. That means that +<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm#Stability>`_\. That means that when multiple records have the same key, their original order is preserved. >>> data = [('red', 1), ('blue', 1), ('red', 2), ('blue', 2)] @@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ >>> sorted(s, key=attrgetter('grade'), reverse=True) # now sort on primary key, descending [('dave', 'B', 10), ('jane', 'B', 12), ('john', 'A', 15)] -The `Timsort <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timsort>`_ algorithm used in Python +The `Timsort <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timsort>`_ algorithm used in Python does multiple sorts efficiently because it can take advantage of any ordering already present in a dataset. @@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ directly. Another name for this idiom is -`Schwartzian transform <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwartzian_transform>`_\, +`Schwartzian transform <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwartzian_transform>`_\, after Randal L. Schwartz, who popularized it among Perl programmers. Now that Python sorting provides key-functions, this technique is not often needed. diff --git a/Doc/howto/unicode.rst b/Doc/howto/unicode.rst --- a/Doc/howto/unicode.rst +++ b/Doc/howto/unicode.rst @@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ precise historical details aren't necessary for understanding how to use Unicode effectively, but if you're curious, consult the Unicode consortium site listed in the References or -the `Wikipedia entry for Unicode <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode#History>`_ +the `Wikipedia entry for Unicode <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode#History>`_ for more information.) @@ -223,8 +223,8 @@ reading this alternate article before continuing. Wikipedia entries are often helpful; see the entries for "`character encoding -<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_encoding>`_" and `UTF-8 -<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8>`_, for example. +<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_encoding>`_" and `UTF-8 +<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8>`_, for example. Python's Unicode Support diff --git a/Doc/howto/webservers.rst b/Doc/howto/webservers.rst --- a/Doc/howto/webservers.rst +++ b/Doc/howto/webservers.rst @@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ Each web server requires a specific module. * Apache has both `mod_fastcgi <http://www.fastcgi.com/drupal/>`_ and `mod_fcgid - <http://httpd.apache.org/mod_fcgid/>`_. ``mod_fastcgi`` is the original one, but it + <https://httpd.apache.org/mod_fcgid/>`_. ``mod_fastcgi`` is the original one, but it has some licensing issues, which is why it is sometimes considered non-free. ``mod_fcgid`` is a smaller, compatible alternative. One of these modules needs to be loaded by Apache. @@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ `SCGI module <http://redmine.lighttpd.net/projects/lighttpd/wiki/Docs_ModSCGI>`_. * `nginx <http://nginx.org/>`_ also supports `FastCGI - <http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxSimplePythonFCGI>`_. + <https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/examples/simplepythonfcgi/>`_. Once you have installed and configured the module, you can test it with the following WSGI-application:: @@ -307,8 +307,8 @@ .. seealso:: - There is some documentation on `setting up Django with FastCGI - <https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/howto/deployment/fastcgi/>`_, most of + There is some documentation on `setting up Django with WSGI + <https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/howto/deployment/wsgi/>`_, most of which can be reused for other WSGI-compliant frameworks and libraries. Only the ``manage.py`` part has to be changed, the example used here can be used instead. Django does more or less the exact same thing. @@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ A really great WSGI feature is middleware. Middleware is a layer around your program which can add various functionality to it. There is quite a bit of -`middleware <http://www.wsgi.org/en/latest/libraries.html>`_ already +`middleware <https://wsgi.readthedocs.org/en/latest/libraries.html>`_ already available. For example, instead of writing your own session management (HTTP is a stateless protocol, so to associate multiple HTTP requests with a single user your application must create and manage such state via a session), you can @@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ The code that is used to connect to various low level gateways like CGI or mod_python is called a *WSGI server*. One of these servers is ``flup``, which supports FastCGI and SCGI, as well as `AJP -<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_JServ_Protocol>`_. Some of these servers +<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_JServ_Protocol>`_. Some of these servers are written in Python, as ``flup`` is, but there also exist others which are written in C and can be used as drop-in replacements. @@ -390,8 +390,8 @@ .. seealso:: A good overview of WSGI-related code can be found in the `WSGI homepage - <http://www.wsgi.org/en/latest/index.html>`_, which contains an extensive list of `WSGI servers - <http://www.wsgi.org/en/latest/servers.html>`_ which can be used by *any* application + <https://wsgi.readthedocs.org/>`_, which contains an extensive list of `WSGI servers + <https://wsgi.readthedocs.org/en/latest/servers.html>`_ which can be used by *any* application supporting WSGI. You might be interested in some WSGI-supporting modules already contained in @@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ Python without using WSGI. One of the most widely used wiki software packages is `MoinMoin -<http://moinmo.in/>`_. It was created in 2000, so it predates WSGI by about +<https://moinmo.in/>`_. It was created in 2000, so it predates WSGI by about three years. Older versions needed separate code to run on CGI, mod_python, FastCGI and standalone. @@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ .. seealso:: The English Wikipedia has an article about the `Model-View-Controller pattern - <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model-view-controller>`_. It includes a long + <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%E2%80%93view%E2%80%93controller>`_. It includes a long list of web frameworks for various programming languages. @@ -543,10 +543,10 @@ smaller sites SQLite is just enough. Relational databases are *queried* using a language called `SQL -<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL>`_. Python programmers in general do not +<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL>`_. Python programmers in general do not like SQL too much, as they prefer to work with objects. It is possible to save Python objects into a database using a technology called `ORM -<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-relational_mapping>`_ (Object Relational +<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-relational_mapping>`_ (Object Relational Mapping). ORM translates all object-oriented access into SQL code under the hood, so the developer does not need to think about it. Most `frameworks`_ use ORMs, and it works quite well. @@ -579,13 +579,13 @@ helps with choosing a method for saving data * `SQLAlchemy <http://www.sqlalchemy.org/>`_, the most powerful OR-Mapper - for Python, and `Elixir <http://elixir.ematia.de/>`_, which makes + for Python, and `Elixir <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Elixir>`_, which makes SQLAlchemy easier to use * `SQLObject <http://www.sqlobject.org/>`_, another popular OR-Mapper * `ZODB <https://launchpad.net/zodb>`_ and `Durus - <http://www.mems-exchange.org/software/durus/>`_, two object oriented + <https://www.mems-exchange.org/software/>`_, two object oriented databases @@ -671,10 +671,10 @@ example the ORM and template engine can be changed to use packages different from those used by default. -The documentation can be found in the `TurboGears wiki -<http://docs.turbogears.org/>`_, where links to screencasts can be found. +The documentation can be found in the `TurboGears documentation +<https://turbogears.readthedocs.org/>`_, where links to screencasts can be found. TurboGears has also an active user community which can respond to most related -questions. There is also a `TurboGears book <http://turbogearsbook.com/>`_ +questions. There is also a `TurboGears book <http://turbogears.org/1.0/docs/TGBooks.html>`_ published, which is a good starting point. The newest version of TurboGears, version 2.0, moves even further in direction diff --git a/Doc/installing/index.rst b/Doc/installing/index.rst --- a/Doc/installing/index.rst +++ b/Doc/installing/index.rst @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ repository of open source licensed packages made available for use by other Python users * the `Python Packaging Authority - <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/future.html>`__ are the group of + <https://www.pypa.io/en/latest/>`__ are the group of developers and documentation authors responsible for the maintenance and evolution of the standard packaging tools and the associated metadata and file format standards. They maintain a variety of tools, documentation @@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ .. seealso:: `Python Packaging User Guide: Installing Python Distribution Packages - <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/installing.html#installing-python-di…>`__ + <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/installing/>`__ How do I ...? @@ -123,8 +123,8 @@ .. seealso:: - `Python Packaging User Guide: Setup for Installing Distribution Packages - <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/installing.html#setup-for-installing…>`__ + `Python Packaging User Guide: Requirements for Installing Packages + <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/installing/#requirements-for-install…>`__ .. installing-per-user-installation: @@ -143,13 +143,13 @@ aren't currently easy to install using ``pip`` directly. At this point in time, it will often be easier for users to install these packages by `other means -<https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/science.html>`__ +<https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/science/>`__ rather than attempting to install them with ``pip``. .. seealso:: `Python Packaging User Guide: Installing Scientific Packages - <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/science.html>`__ + <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/science/>`__ ... work with multiple versions of Python installed in parallel? @@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ Once the Development & Deployment part of PPUG is fleshed out, some of those sections should be linked from new questions here (most notably, we should have a question about avoiding depending on PyPI that links to - https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/deployment.html#pypi-mirrors-and-cac…) + https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/mirrors/) Common installation issues @@ -212,11 +212,11 @@ than needing to build them themselves. Some of the solutions for installing `scientific software -<https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/science.html>`__ +<https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/science/>`__ that is not yet available as pre-built ``wheel`` files may also help with obtaining other binary extensions without needing to build them locally. .. seealso:: `Python Packaging User Guide: Binary Extensions - <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/extensions.html>`__ + <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/extensions/>`__ diff --git a/Doc/library/asyncio-eventloops.rst b/Doc/library/asyncio-eventloops.rst --- a/Doc/library/asyncio-eventloops.rst +++ b/Doc/library/asyncio-eventloops.rst @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ On Windows, only sockets are supported (ex: pipes are not supported): see the `MSDN documentation of select - <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms740141%28v=vs.85%…>`_. + <https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms740141%28v=vs.85…>`_. .. class:: ProactorEventLoop @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ .. seealso:: `MSDN documentation on I/O Completion Ports - <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa365198%28v=vs.85%…>`_. + <https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa365198%28v=vs.85…>`_. Example to use a :class:`ProactorEventLoop` on Windows:: @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ The resolution of the monotonic clock on Windows is usually around 15.6 msec. The best resolution is 0.5 msec. The resolution depends on the hardware (availability of `HPET -<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Precision_Event_Timer>`_) and on the Windows +<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Precision_Event_Timer>`_) and on the Windows configuration. See :ref:`asyncio delayed calls <asyncio-delayed-calls>`. .. versionchanged:: 3.5 diff --git a/Doc/library/asyncio-subprocess.rst b/Doc/library/asyncio-subprocess.rst --- a/Doc/library/asyncio-subprocess.rst +++ b/Doc/library/asyncio-subprocess.rst @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ It is the application's responsibility to ensure that all whitespace and metacharacters are quoted appropriately to avoid `shell injection - <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_injection#Shell_injection>`_ + <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_injection#Shell_injection>`_ vulnerabilities. The :func:`shlex.quote` function can be used to properly escape whitespace and shell metacharacters in strings that are going to be used to construct shell commands. @@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ It is the application's responsibility to ensure that all whitespace and metacharacters are quoted appropriately to avoid `shell injection - <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_injection#Shell_injection>`_ + <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_injection#Shell_injection>`_ vulnerabilities. The :func:`shlex.quote` function can be used to properly escape whitespace and shell metacharacters in strings that are going to be used to construct shell commands. diff --git a/Doc/library/collections.rst b/Doc/library/collections.rst --- a/Doc/library/collections.rst +++ b/Doc/library/collections.rst @@ -374,12 +374,12 @@ .. seealso:: - * `Bag class <http://www.gnu.org/software/smalltalk/manual-base/html_node/Bag.html>`_ + * `Bag class <https://www.gnu.org/software/smalltalk/manual-base/html_node/Bag.html>`_ in Smalltalk. - * Wikipedia entry for `Multisets <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiset>`_. + * Wikipedia entry for `Multisets <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiset>`_. - * `C++ multisets <http://www.demo2s.com/Tutorial/Cpp/0380__set-multiset/Catalog0380__set-mult…>`_ + * `C++ multisets <http://www.java2s.com/Tutorial/Cpp/0380__set-multiset/Catalog0380__set-mult…>`_ tutorial with examples. * For mathematical operations on multisets and their use cases, see diff --git a/Doc/library/dbm.rst b/Doc/library/dbm.rst --- a/Doc/library/dbm.rst +++ b/Doc/library/dbm.rst @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ :mod:`dbm` is a generic interface to variants of the DBM database --- :mod:`dbm.gnu` or :mod:`dbm.ndbm`. If none of these modules is installed, the slow-but-simple implementation in module :mod:`dbm.dumb` will be used. There -is a `third party interface <http://www.jcea.es/programacion/pybsddb.htm>`_ to +is a `third party interface <https://www.jcea.es/programacion/pybsddb.htm>`_ to the Oracle Berkeley DB. diff --git a/Doc/library/decimal.rst b/Doc/library/decimal.rst --- a/Doc/library/decimal.rst +++ b/Doc/library/decimal.rst @@ -109,9 +109,6 @@ * IBM's General Decimal Arithmetic Specification, `The General Decimal Arithmetic Specification <http://speleotrove.com/decimal/decarith.html>`_. - * IEEE standard 854-1987, `Unofficial IEEE 854 Text - <http://754r.ucbtest.org/standards/854.pdf>`_. - .. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% diff --git a/Doc/library/email.generator.rst b/Doc/library/email.generator.rst --- a/Doc/library/email.generator.rst +++ b/Doc/library/email.generator.rst @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ followed by a space at the beginning of the line. This is the only guaranteed portable way to avoid having such lines be mistaken for a Unix mailbox format envelope header separator (see `WHY THE CONTENT-LENGTH FORMAT IS BAD - <http://www.jwz.org/doc/content-length.html>`_ for details). *mangle_from_* + <https://www.jwz.org/doc/content-length.html>`_ for details). *mangle_from_* defaults to ``True``, but you might want to set this to ``False`` if you are not writing Unix mailbox format files. @@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ i.e. ``From`` followed by a space at the beginning of the line. This is the only guaranteed portable way to avoid having such lines be mistaken for a Unix mailbox format envelope header separator (see `WHY THE CONTENT-LENGTH - FORMAT IS BAD <http://www.jwz.org/doc/content-length.html>`_ for details). + FORMAT IS BAD <https://www.jwz.org/doc/content-length.html>`_ for details). *mangle_from_* defaults to ``True``, but you might want to set this to ``False`` if you are not writing Unix mailbox format files. diff --git a/Doc/library/functions.rst b/Doc/library/functions.rst --- a/Doc/library/functions.rst +++ b/Doc/library/functions.rst @@ -1418,7 +1418,7 @@ For practical suggestions on how to design cooperative classes using :func:`super`, see `guide to using super() - <http://rhettinger.wordpress.com/2011/05/26/super-considered-super/>`_. + <https://rhettinger.wordpress.com/2011/05/26/super-considered-super/>`_. .. _func-tuple: diff --git a/Doc/library/functools.rst b/Doc/library/functools.rst --- a/Doc/library/functools.rst +++ b/Doc/library/functools.rst @@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ bypassing the cache, or for rewrapping the function with a different cache. An `LRU (least recently used) cache - <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cache_algorithms#Examples>`_ works + <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cache_algorithms#Examples>`_ works best when the most recent calls are the best predictors of upcoming calls (for example, the most popular articles on a news server tend to change each day). The cache's size limit assures that the cache does not grow without bound on @@ -99,9 +99,9 @@ CacheInfo(hits=3, misses=8, maxsize=32, currsize=8) Example of efficiently computing - `Fibonacci numbers <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci_number>`_ + `Fibonacci numbers <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci_number>`_ using a cache to implement a - `dynamic programming <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_programming>`_ + `dynamic programming <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_programming>`_ technique:: @lru_cache(maxsize=None) diff --git a/Doc/library/heapq.rst b/Doc/library/heapq.rst --- a/Doc/library/heapq.rst +++ b/Doc/library/heapq.rst @@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ Basic Examples -------------- -A `heapsort <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heapsort>`_ can be implemented by +A `heapsort <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heapsort>`_ can be implemented by pushing all values onto a heap and then popping off the smallest values one at a time:: @@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ Priority Queue Implementation Notes ----------------------------------- -A `priority queue <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priority_queue>`_ is common use +A `priority queue <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priority_queue>`_ is common use for a heap, and it presents several implementation challenges: * Sort stability: how do you get two tasks with equal priorities to be returned diff --git a/Doc/library/http.client.rst b/Doc/library/http.client.rst --- a/Doc/library/http.client.rst +++ b/Doc/library/http.client.rst @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ .. seealso:: - The `Requests package <http://requests.readthedocs.org/>`_ + The `Requests package <https://requests.readthedocs.org/>`_ is recommended for a higher-level http client interface. .. note:: diff --git a/Doc/library/itertools.rst b/Doc/library/itertools.rst --- a/Doc/library/itertools.rst +++ b/Doc/library/itertools.rst @@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ :func:`min` for a running minimum, :func:`max` for a running maximum, or :func:`operator.mul` for a running product. Amortization tables can be built by accumulating interest and applying payments. First-order - `recurrence relations <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrence_relation>`_ + `recurrence relations <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrence_relation>`_ can be modeled by supplying the initial value in the iterable and using only the accumulated total in *func* argument:: @@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ >>> list(accumulate(cashflows, lambda bal, pmt: bal*1.05 + pmt)) [1000, 960.0, 918.0, 873.9000000000001, 827.5950000000001] - # Chaotic recurrence relation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logistic_map + # Chaotic recurrence relation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logistic_map >>> logistic_map = lambda x, _: r * x * (1 - x) >>> r = 3.8 >>> x0 = 0.4 diff --git a/Doc/library/json.rst b/Doc/library/json.rst --- a/Doc/library/json.rst +++ b/Doc/library/json.rst @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ :rfc:`7159` (which obsoletes :rfc:`4627`) and by `ECMA-404 <http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-404.htm>`_, is a lightweight data interchange format inspired by -`JavaScript <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript>`_ object literal syntax +`JavaScript <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript>`_ object literal syntax (although it is not a strict subset of JavaScript [#rfc-errata]_ ). :mod:`json` exposes an API familiar to users of the standard library diff --git a/Doc/library/logging.rst b/Doc/library/logging.rst --- a/Doc/library/logging.rst +++ b/Doc/library/logging.rst @@ -1246,7 +1246,7 @@ The proposal which described this feature for inclusion in the Python standard library. - `Original Python logging package <http://www.red-dove.com/python_logging.html>`_ + `Original Python logging package <https://www.red-dove.com/python_logging.html>`_ This is the original source for the :mod:`logging` package. The version of the package available from this site is suitable for use with Python 1.5.2, 2.1.x and 2.2.x, which do not include the :mod:`logging` package in the standard diff --git a/Doc/library/mailbox.rst b/Doc/library/mailbox.rst --- a/Doc/library/mailbox.rst +++ b/Doc/library/mailbox.rst @@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ `mbox man page from tin <http://www.tin.org/bin/man.cgi?section=5&topic=mbox>`_ Another specification of the format, with details on locking. - `Configuring Netscape Mail on Unix: Why The Content-Length Format is Bad <http://www.jwz.org/doc/content-length.html>`_ + `Configuring Netscape Mail on Unix: Why The Content-Length Format is Bad <https://www.jwz.org/doc/content-length.html>`_ An argument for using the original mbox format rather than a variation. `"mbox" is a family of several mutually incompatible mailbox formats <http://homepage.ntlworld.com/jonathan.deboynepollard/FGA/mail-mbox-formats.…>`_ @@ -744,7 +744,7 @@ `mmdf man page from tin <http://www.tin.org/bin/man.cgi?section=5&topic=mmdf>`_ A specification of MMDF format from the documentation of tin, a newsreader. - `MMDF <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MMDF>`_ + `MMDF <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MMDF>`_ A Wikipedia article describing the Multichannel Memorandum Distribution Facility. diff --git a/Doc/library/math.rst b/Doc/library/math.rst --- a/Doc/library/math.rst +++ b/Doc/library/math.rst @@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ For further discussion and two alternative approaches, see the `ASPN cookbook recipes for accurate floating point summation - <http://code.activestate.com/recipes/393090/>`_\. + <https://code.activestate.com/recipes/393090/>`_\. .. function:: gcd(a, b) @@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ Return ``e**x - 1``. For small floats *x*, the subtraction in ``exp(x) - 1`` can result in a `significant loss of precision - <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss_of_significance>`_\; the :func:`expm1` + <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss_of_significance>`_\; the :func:`expm1` function provides a way to compute this quantity to full precision:: >>> from math import exp, expm1 @@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ Hyperbolic functions -------------------- -`Hyperbolic functions <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic_function>`_ +`Hyperbolic functions <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic_function>`_ are analogs of trigonometric functions that are based on hyperbolas instead of circles. @@ -371,12 +371,12 @@ .. function:: erf(x) - Return the `error function <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_function>`_ at + Return the `error function <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_function>`_ at *x*. The :func:`erf` function can be used to compute traditional statistical functions such as the `cumulative standard normal distribution - <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution#Cumulative_distribution_fu…>`_:: + <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution#Cumulative_distribution_f…>`_:: def phi(x): 'Cumulative distribution function for the standard normal distribution' @@ -388,17 +388,17 @@ .. function:: erfc(x) Return the complementary error function at *x*. The `complementary error - function <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_function>`_ is defined as + function <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_function>`_ is defined as ``1.0 - erf(x)``. It is used for large values of *x* where a subtraction from one would cause a `loss of significance - <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss_of_significance>`_\. + <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss_of_significance>`_\. .. versionadded:: 3.2 .. function:: gamma(x) - Return the `Gamma function <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_function>`_ at + Return the `Gamma function <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_function>`_ at *x*. .. versionadded:: 3.2 diff --git a/Doc/library/msilib.rst b/Doc/library/msilib.rst --- a/Doc/library/msilib.rst +++ b/Doc/library/msilib.rst @@ -120,9 +120,9 @@ .. seealso:: - `FCICreateFile <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/devnotes/winprog/fcicr…>`_ - `UuidCreate <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/rpc/rpc/uuidcreate.asp>`_ - `UuidToString <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/rpc/rpc/uuidtostring.a…>`_ + `FCICreateFile <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/devnotes/winprog/fcic…>`_ + `UuidCreate <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/rpc/rpc/uuidcreate.asp>`_ + `UuidToString <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/rpc/rpc/uuidtostring.…>`_ .. _database-objects: @@ -151,9 +151,9 @@ .. seealso:: - `MSIDatabaseOpenView <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msidatabaseo…>`_ - `MSIDatabaseCommit <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msidatabasec…>`_ - `MSIGetSummaryInformation <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msigetsummar…>`_ + `MSIDatabaseOpenView <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msidatabase…>`_ + `MSIDatabaseCommit <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msidatabase…>`_ + `MSIGetSummaryInformation <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msigetsumma…>`_ .. _view-objects: @@ -199,11 +199,11 @@ .. seealso:: - `MsiViewExecute <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msiviewexecu…>`_ - `MSIViewGetColumnInfo <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msiviewgetco…>`_ - `MsiViewFetch <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msiviewfetch…>`_ - `MsiViewModify <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msiviewmodif…>`_ - `MsiViewClose <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msiviewclose…>`_ + `MsiViewExecute <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msiviewexec…>`_ + `MSIViewGetColumnInfo <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msiviewgetc…>`_ + `MsiViewFetch <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msiviewfetc…>`_ + `MsiViewModify <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msiviewmodi…>`_ + `MsiViewClose <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msiviewclos…>`_ .. _summary-objects: @@ -243,10 +243,10 @@ .. seealso:: - `MsiSummaryInfoGetProperty <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msisummaryin…>`_ - `MsiSummaryInfoGetPropertyCount <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msisummaryin…>`_ - `MsiSummaryInfoSetProperty <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msisummaryin…>`_ - `MsiSummaryInfoPersist <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msisummaryin…>`_ + `MsiSummaryInfoGetProperty <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msisummaryi…>`_ + `MsiSummaryInfoGetPropertyCount <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msisummaryi…>`_ + `MsiSummaryInfoSetProperty <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msisummaryi…>`_ + `MsiSummaryInfoPersist <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msisummaryi…>`_ .. _record-objects: @@ -297,11 +297,11 @@ .. seealso:: - `MsiRecordGetFieldCount <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msirecordget…>`_ - `MsiRecordSetString <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msirecordset…>`_ - `MsiRecordSetStream <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msirecordset…>`_ - `MsiRecordSetInteger <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msirecordset…>`_ - `MsiRecordClear <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msirecordcle…>`_ + `MsiRecordGetFieldCount <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msirecordge…>`_ + `MsiRecordSetString <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msirecordse…>`_ + `MsiRecordSetStream <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msirecordse…>`_ + `MsiRecordSetInteger <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msirecordse…>`_ + `MsiRecordClear <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msirecordcl…>`_ .. _msi-errors: @@ -393,10 +393,10 @@ .. seealso:: - `Directory Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/directory_ta…>`_ - `File Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/file_table.a…>`_ - `Component Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/component_ta…>`_ - `FeatureComponents Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/featurecompo…>`_ + `Directory Table <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/directory_t…>`_ + `File Table <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/file_table.…>`_ + `Component Table <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/component_t…>`_ + `FeatureComponents Table <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/featurecomp…>`_ .. _features: @@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ .. seealso:: - `Feature Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/feature_tabl…>`_ + `Feature Table <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/feature_tab…>`_ .. _msi-gui: @@ -516,13 +516,13 @@ .. seealso:: - `Dialog Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/dialog_table…>`_ - `Control Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/control_tabl…>`_ - `Control Types <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/controls.asp>`_ - `ControlCondition Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/controlcondi…>`_ - `ControlEvent Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/controlevent…>`_ - `EventMapping Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/eventmapping…>`_ - `RadioButton Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/radiobutton_…>`_ + `Dialog Table <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/dialog_tabl…>`_ + `Control Table <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/control_tab…>`_ + `Control Types <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/controls.asp>`_ + `ControlCondition Table <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/controlcond…>`_ + `ControlEvent Table <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/controleven…>`_ + `EventMapping Table <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/eventmappin…>`_ + `RadioButton Table <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/radiobutton…>`_ .. _msi-tables: diff --git a/Doc/library/os.rst b/Doc/library/os.rst --- a/Doc/library/os.rst +++ b/Doc/library/os.rst @@ -894,7 +894,7 @@ :func:`~os.open` function. They can be combined using the bitwise OR operator ``|``. Some of them are not available on all platforms. For descriptions of their availability and use, consult the :manpage:`open(2)` manual page on Unix -or `the MSDN <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/z0kc8e3z.aspx>`_ on Windows. +or `the MSDN <https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/z0kc8e3z.aspx>`_ on Windows. .. data:: O_RDONLY @@ -1922,9 +1922,9 @@ and `readdir() <http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/readdir_r.html>`_ functions. On Windows, it uses the Win32 - `FindFirstFileW <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa364418(v=vs.85).a…>`_ + `FindFirstFileW <https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa364418(v=vs.85).…>`_ and - `FindNextFileW <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa364428(v=vs.85).a…>`_ + `FindNextFileW <https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa364428(v=vs.85).…>`_ functions. .. versionadded:: 3.5 diff --git a/Doc/library/othergui.rst b/Doc/library/othergui.rst --- a/Doc/library/othergui.rst +++ b/Doc/library/othergui.rst @@ -8,33 +8,33 @@ .. seealso:: - `PyGObject <https://live.gnome.org/PyGObject>`_ + `PyGObject <https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/PyGObject>`_ provides introspection bindings for C libraries using `GObject <https://developer.gnome.org/gobject/stable/>`_. One of these libraries is the `GTK+ 3 <http://www.gtk.org/>`_ widget set. GTK+ comes with many more widgets than Tkinter provides. An online - `Python GTK+ 3 Tutorial <http://python-gtk-3-tutorial.readthedocs.org/en/latest/>`_ + `Python GTK+ 3 Tutorial <https://python-gtk-3-tutorial.readthedocs.org/en/latest/>`_ is available. `PyGTK <http://www.pygtk.org/>`_ provides bindings for an older version of the library, GTK+ 2. It provides an object oriented interface that is slightly higher level than the C one. There are also bindings to - `GNOME <http://www.gnome.org>`_. An online `tutorial + `GNOME <https://www.gnome.org/>`_. An online `tutorial <http://www.pygtk.org/pygtk2tutorial/index.html>`_ is available. - `PyQt <http://www.riverbankcomputing.co.uk/software/pyqt/intro>`_ + `PyQt <https://riverbankcomputing.com/software/pyqt/intro>`_ PyQt is a :program:`sip`\ -wrapped binding to the Qt toolkit. Qt is an extensive C++ GUI application development framework that is available for Unix, Windows and Mac OS X. :program:`sip` is a tool for generating bindings for C++ libraries as Python classes, and is specifically designed for Python. The *PyQt3* bindings have a book, `GUI Programming with Python: QT Edition - <http://www.commandprompt.com/community/pyqt/>`_ by Boudewijn + <https://www.commandprompt.com/community/pyqt/>`_ by Boudewijn Rempt. The *PyQt4* bindings also have a book, `Rapid GUI Programming with Python and Qt <http://www.qtrac.eu/pyqtbook.html>`_, by Mark Summerfield. - `PySide <http://qt-project.org/wiki/PySide>`_ + `PySide <https://wiki.qt.io/PySide>`_ is a newer binding to the Qt toolkit, provided by Nokia. Compared to PyQt, its licensing scheme is friendlier to non-open source applications. @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ low-level device context drawing, drag and drop, system clipboard access, an XML-based resource format and more, including an ever growing library of user-contributed modules. wxPython has a book, `wxPython in Action - <http://www.manning.com/rappin/>`_, by Noel Rappin and + <https://www.manning.com/books/wxpython-in-action>`_, by Noel Rappin and Robin Dunn. PyGTK, PyQt, and wxPython, all have a modern look and feel and more diff --git a/Doc/library/random.rst b/Doc/library/random.rst --- a/Doc/library/random.rst +++ b/Doc/library/random.rst @@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ `Complementary-Multiply-with-Carry recipe - <http://code.activestate.com/recipes/576707/>`_ for a compatible alternative + <https://code.activestate.com/recipes/576707/>`_ for a compatible alternative random number generator with a long period and comparatively simple update operations. diff --git a/Doc/library/re.rst b/Doc/library/re.rst --- a/Doc/library/re.rst +++ b/Doc/library/re.rst @@ -1389,7 +1389,7 @@ Writing a Tokenizer ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ -A `tokenizer or scanner <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexical_analysis>`_ +A `tokenizer or scanner <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexical_analysis>`_ analyzes a string to categorize groups of characters. This is a useful first step in writing a compiler or interpreter. diff --git a/Doc/library/shelve.rst b/Doc/library/shelve.rst --- a/Doc/library/shelve.rst +++ b/Doc/library/shelve.rst @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ .. seealso:: - `Persistent dictionary recipe <http://code.activestate.com/recipes/576642/>`_ + `Persistent dictionary recipe <https://code.activestate.com/recipes/576642/>`_ with widely supported storage formats and having the speed of native dictionaries. @@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ A subclass of :class:`Shelf` which exposes :meth:`first`, :meth:`!next`, :meth:`previous`, :meth:`last` and :meth:`set_location` which are available in the third-party :mod:`bsddb` module from `pybsddb - <http://www.jcea.es/programacion/pybsddb.htm>`_ but not in other database + <https://www.jcea.es/programacion/pybsddb.htm>`_ but not in other database modules. The *dict* object passed to the constructor must support those methods. This is generally accomplished by calling one of :func:`bsddb.hashopen`, :func:`bsddb.btopen` or :func:`bsddb.rnopen`. The diff --git a/Doc/library/socket.rst b/Doc/library/socket.rst --- a/Doc/library/socket.rst +++ b/Doc/library/socket.rst @@ -983,7 +983,7 @@ The :meth:`ioctl` method is a limited interface to the WSAIoctl system interface. Please refer to the `Win32 documentation - <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms741621%28VS.85%29.aspx>`_ for more + <https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms741621%28VS.85%29.aspx>`_ for more information. On other platforms, the generic :func:`fcntl.fcntl` and :func:`fcntl.ioctl` diff --git a/Doc/library/ssl.rst b/Doc/library/ssl.rst --- a/Doc/library/ssl.rst +++ b/Doc/library/ssl.rst @@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ The *ciphers* parameter sets the available ciphers for this SSL object. It should be a string in the `OpenSSL cipher list format - <http://www.openssl.org/docs/apps/ciphers.html#CIPHER_LIST_FORMAT>`_. + <http://www.openssl.org/docs/apps/ciphers.html#CIPHER-LIST-FORMAT>`_. The parameter ``do_handshake_on_connect`` specifies whether to do the SSL handshake automatically after doing a :meth:`socket.connect`, or whether the @@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ Read the Wikipedia article, `Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG) - <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographically_secure_pseudorandom_number_g…>`_, + <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographically_secure_pseudorandom_number_…>`_, to get the requirements of a cryptographically generator. .. versionadded:: 3.3 @@ -721,7 +721,7 @@ Whether the OpenSSL library has built-in support for *Next Protocol Negotiation* as described in the `NPN draft specification - <http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-agl-tls-nextprotoneg>`_. When true, + <https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-agl-tls-nextprotoneg>`_. When true, you can use the :meth:`SSLContext.set_npn_protocols` method to advertise which protocols you want to support. @@ -1212,7 +1212,7 @@ Set the available ciphers for sockets created with this context. It should be a string in the `OpenSSL cipher list format - <http://www.openssl.org/docs/apps/ciphers.html#CIPHER_LIST_FORMAT>`_. + <http://www.openssl.org/docs/apps/ciphers.html#CIPHER-LIST-FORMAT>`_. If no cipher can be selected (because compile-time options or other configuration forbids use of all the specified ciphers), an :class:`SSLError` will be raised. @@ -1241,7 +1241,7 @@ handshake. It should be a list of strings, like ``['http/1.1', 'spdy/2']``, ordered by preference. The selection of a protocol will happen during the handshake, and will play out according to the `NPN draft specification - <http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-agl-tls-nextprotoneg>`_. After a + <https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-agl-tls-nextprotoneg>`_. After a successful handshake, the :meth:`SSLSocket.selected_npn_protocol` method will return the agreed-upon protocol. @@ -2019,7 +2019,7 @@ :meth:`SSLContext.set_ciphers` method. Starting from Python 3.2.3, the ssl module disables certain weak ciphers by default, but you may want to further restrict the cipher choice. Be sure to read OpenSSL's documentation -about the `cipher list format <http://www.openssl.org/docs/apps/ciphers.html#CIPHER_LIST_FORMAT>`_. +about the `cipher list format <http://www.openssl.org/docs/apps/ciphers.html#CIPHER-LIST-FORMAT>`_. If you want to check which ciphers are enabled by a given cipher list, use the ``openssl ciphers`` command on your system. @@ -2040,25 +2040,25 @@ Class :class:`socket.socket` Documentation of underlying :mod:`socket` class - `SSL/TLS Strong Encryption: An Introduction <http://httpd.apache.org/docs/trunk/en/ssl/ssl_intro.html>`_ + `SSL/TLS Strong Encryption: An Introduction <https://httpd.apache.org/docs/trunk/en/ssl/ssl_intro.html>`_ Intro from the Apache webserver documentation - `RFC 1422: Privacy Enhancement for Internet Electronic Mail: Part II: Certificate-Based Key Management <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1422>`_ + `RFC 1422: Privacy Enhancement for Internet Electronic Mail: Part II: Certificate-Based Key Management <https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1422>`_ Steve Kent - `RFC 1750: Randomness Recommendations for Security <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1750>`_ + `RFC 1750: Randomness Recommendations for Security <https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1750>`_ D. Eastlake et. al. - `RFC 3280: Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and CRL Profile <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3280>`_ + `RFC 3280: Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and CRL Profile <https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3280>`_ Housley et. al. - `RFC 4366: Transport Layer Security (TLS) Extensions <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4366>`_ + `RFC 4366: Transport Layer Security (TLS) Extensions <https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4366>`_ Blake-Wilson et. al. - `RFC 5246: The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2 <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5246>`_ + `RFC 5246: The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2 <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5246>`_ T. Dierks et. al. - `RFC 6066: Transport Layer Security (TLS) Extensions <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6066>`_ + `RFC 6066: Transport Layer Security (TLS) Extensions <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6066>`_ D. Eastlake `IANA TLS: Transport Layer Security (TLS) Parameters <http://www.iana.org/assignments/tls-parameters/tls-parameters.xml>`_ diff --git a/Doc/library/stat.rst b/Doc/library/stat.rst --- a/Doc/library/stat.rst +++ b/Doc/library/stat.rst @@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ On Windows, the following file attribute constants are available for use when testing bits in the ``st_file_attributes`` member returned by :func:`os.stat`. See the `Windows API documentation -<http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/gg258117.aspx>`_ +<https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/gg258117.aspx>`_ for more detail on the meaning of these constants. .. data:: FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE diff --git a/Doc/library/subprocess.rst b/Doc/library/subprocess.rst --- a/Doc/library/subprocess.rst +++ b/Doc/library/subprocess.rst @@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ execute. On Windows, in order to run a `side-by-side assembly`_ the specified *env* **must** include a valid :envvar:`SystemRoot`. - .. _side-by-side assembly: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Side-by-Side_Assembly + .. _side-by-side assembly: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Side-by-Side_Assembly If *universal_newlines* is ``True``, the file objects *stdin*, *stdout* and *stderr* are opened as text streams in universal newlines mode, as @@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ If the shell is invoked explicitly, via ``shell=True``, it is the application's responsibility to ensure that all whitespace and metacharacters are quoted appropriately to avoid -`shell injection <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_injection#Shell_injection>`_ +`shell injection <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_injection#Shell_injection>`_ vulnerabilities. When using ``shell=True``, the :func:`shlex.quote` function can be @@ -721,7 +721,7 @@ .. class:: STARTUPINFO() Partial support of the Windows - `STARTUPINFO <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms686331(v=vs.85).aspx>`__ + `STARTUPINFO <https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms686331(v=vs.85).aspx>`__ structure is used for :class:`Popen` creation. .. attribute:: dwFlags @@ -757,7 +757,7 @@ If :attr:`dwFlags` specifies :data:`STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW`, this attribute can be any of the values that can be specified in the ``nCmdShow`` parameter for the - `ShowWindow <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms633548(v=vs.85).aspx>`__ + `ShowWindow <https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms633548(v=vs.85).aspx>`__ function, except for ``SW_SHOWDEFAULT``. Otherwise, this attribute is ignored. diff --git a/Doc/library/test.rst b/Doc/library/test.rst --- a/Doc/library/test.rst +++ b/Doc/library/test.rst @@ -661,7 +661,7 @@ are expected to crash a subprocess. On Windows, it disables Windows Error Reporting dialogs using - `SetErrorMode <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms680621.aspx>`_. + `SetErrorMode <https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms680621.aspx>`_. On UNIX, :func:`resource.setrlimit` is used to set :attr:`resource.RLIMIT_CORE`'s soft limit to 0 to prevent coredump file diff --git a/Doc/library/tkinter.rst b/Doc/library/tkinter.rst --- a/Doc/library/tkinter.rst +++ b/Doc/library/tkinter.rst @@ -31,13 +31,13 @@ `Tcl/Tk manual <http://www.tcl.tk/man/tcl8.5/>`_ Official manual for the latest tcl/tk version. - `Programming Python <http://www.rmi.net/~lutz/about-pp4e.html>`_ + `Programming Python <http://learning-python.com/books/about-pp4e.html>`_ Book by Mark Lutz, has excellent coverage of Tkinter. `Modern Tkinter for Busy Python Developers <http://www.amazon.com/Modern-Tkinter-Python-Developers-ebook/dp/B0071QDNLO/>`_ Book by Mark Rozerman about building attractive and modern graphical user interfaces with Python and Tkinter. - `Python and Tkinter Programming <http://www.manning.com/grayson/>`_ + `Python and Tkinter Programming <https://www.manning.com/books/python-and-tkinter-programming>`_ The book by John Grayson (ISBN 1-884777-81-3). diff --git a/Doc/library/unittest.mock-examples.rst b/Doc/library/unittest.mock-examples.rst --- a/Doc/library/unittest.mock-examples.rst +++ b/Doc/library/unittest.mock-examples.rst @@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ An alternative way of dealing with mocking dates, or other builtin classes, is discussed in `this blog entry -<http://www.williamjohnbert.com/2011/07/how-to-unit-testing-in-django-with-m…>`_. +<http://williambert.online/2011/07/how-to-unit-testing-in-django-with-mockin…>`_. Mocking a Generator Method @@ -1251,7 +1251,7 @@ :exc:`AssertionError` directly and provide a more useful failure message. As of version 1.5, the Python testing library `PyHamcrest -<https://pypi.python.org/pypi/PyHamcrest>`_ provides similar functionality, +<https://pyhamcrest.readthedocs.org/>`_ provides similar functionality, that may be useful here, in the form of its equality matcher (`hamcrest.library.integration.match_equality -<http://pyhamcrest.readthedocs.org/en/stable/integration/#module-hamcrest.li…>`_). +<https://pyhamcrest.readthedocs.org/en/release-1.8/integration/#module-hamcr…>`_). diff --git a/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst b/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst --- a/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst +++ b/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ .. seealso:: - The `Requests package <http://requests.readthedocs.org/>`_ + The `Requests package <https://requests.readthedocs.org/>`_ is recommended for a higher-level http client interface. diff --git a/Doc/library/winreg.rst b/Doc/library/winreg.rst --- a/Doc/library/winreg.rst +++ b/Doc/library/winreg.rst @@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ The :func:`DeleteKeyEx` function is implemented with the RegDeleteKeyEx Windows API function, which is specific to 64-bit versions of Windows. See the `RegDeleteKeyEx documentation - <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms724847%28VS.85%29.aspx>`__. + <https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms724847%28VS.85%29.aspx>`__. *key* is an already open key, or one of the predefined :ref:`HKEY_* constants <hkey-constants>`. @@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ A call to :func:`LoadKey` fails if the calling process does not have the :const:`SE_RESTORE_PRIVILEGE` privilege. Note that privileges are different from permissions -- see the `RegLoadKey documentation - <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms724889%28v=VS.85%29.aspx>`__ for + <https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms724889%28v=VS.85%29.aspx>`__ for more details. If *key* is a handle returned by :func:`ConnectRegistry`, then the path @@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ possess the :const:`SeBackupPrivilege` security privilege. Note that privileges are different than permissions -- see the `Conflicts Between User Rights and Permissions documentation - <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms724878%28v=VS.85%29.aspx>`__ + <https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms724878%28v=VS.85%29.aspx>`__ for more details. This function passes NULL for *security_attributes* to the API. @@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ +++++++++++++ For more information, see `Registry Key Security and Access -<http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms724878%28v=VS.85%29.aspx>`__. +<https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms724878%28v=VS.85%29.aspx>`__. .. data:: KEY_ALL_ACCESS @@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ *************** For more information, see `Accessing an Alternate Registry View -<http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa384129(v=VS.85).aspx>`__. +<https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa384129(v=VS.85).aspx>`__. .. data:: KEY_WOW64_64KEY @@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ +++++++++++ For more information, see `Registry Value Types -<http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms724884%28v=VS.85%29.aspx>`__. +<https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms724884%28v=VS.85%29.aspx>`__. .. data:: REG_BINARY diff --git a/Doc/library/wsgiref.rst b/Doc/library/wsgiref.rst --- a/Doc/library/wsgiref.rst +++ b/Doc/library/wsgiref.rst @@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ and a validation tool that checks WSGI servers and applications for conformance to the WSGI specification (:pep:`3333`). -See http://www.wsgi.org for more information about WSGI, and links to tutorials -and other resources. +See https://wsgi.readthedocs.org/ for more information about WSGI, and links to +tutorials and other resources. .. XXX If you're just trying to write a web application... diff --git a/Doc/library/xml.rst b/Doc/library/xml.rst --- a/Doc/library/xml.rst +++ b/Doc/library/xml.rst @@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ billion laughs **Yes** **Yes** **Yes** **Yes** **Yes** quadratic blowup **Yes** **Yes** **Yes** **Yes** **Yes** external entity expansion **Yes** No (1) No (2) **Yes** No (3) -DTD retrieval **Yes** No No **Yes** No +`DTD`_ retrieval **Yes** No No **Yes** No decompression bomb No No No No **Yes** ========================= ======== ========= ========= ======== ========= @@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ also point to external resources or local files. The XML parser accesses the resource and embeds the content into the XML document. -DTD retrieval +`DTD`_ retrieval Some XML libraries like Python's :mod:`xml.dom.pulldom` retrieve document type definitions from remote or local locations. The feature has similar implications as the external entity expansion issue. @@ -128,6 +128,6 @@ .. _defusedxml: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/defusedxml/ .. _defusedexpat: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/defusedexpat/ -.. _Billion Laughs: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billion_laughs -.. _ZIP bomb: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zip_bomb -.. _DTD: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document_Type_Definition +.. _Billion Laughs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billion_laughs +.. _ZIP bomb: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zip_bomb +.. _DTD: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document_type_definition diff --git a/Doc/library/xmlrpc.client.rst b/Doc/library/xmlrpc.client.rst --- a/Doc/library/xmlrpc.client.rst +++ b/Doc/library/xmlrpc.client.rst @@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ `XML-RPC Introspection <http://xmlrpc-c.sourceforge.net/introspection.html>`_ Describes the XML-RPC protocol extension for introspection. - `XML-RPC Specification <http://www.xmlrpc.com/spec>`_ + `XML-RPC Specification <http://xmlrpc.scripting.com/spec.html>`_ The official specification. `Unofficial XML-RPC Errata <http://effbot.org/zone/xmlrpc-errata.htm>`_ diff --git a/Doc/library/zipfile.rst b/Doc/library/zipfile.rst --- a/Doc/library/zipfile.rst +++ b/Doc/library/zipfile.rst @@ -13,8 +13,7 @@ The ZIP file format is a common archive and compression standard. This module provides tools to create, read, write, append, and list a ZIP file. Any advanced use of this module will require an understanding of the format, as -defined in `PKZIP Application Note -<http://www.pkware.com/documents/casestudies/APPNOTE.TXT>`_. +defined in `PKZIP Application Note`_. This module does not currently handle multi-disk ZIP files. It can handle ZIP files that use the ZIP64 extensions @@ -115,7 +114,7 @@ .. seealso:: - `PKZIP Application Note <http://www.pkware.com/documents/casestudies/APPNOTE.TXT>`_ + `PKZIP Application Note`_ Documentation on the ZIP file format by Phil Katz, the creator of the format and algorithms used. @@ -527,8 +526,7 @@ .. attribute:: ZipInfo.extra - Expansion field data. The `PKZIP Application Note - <http://www.pkware.com/documents/casestudies/APPNOTE.TXT>`_ contains + Expansion field data. The `PKZIP Application Note`_ contains some comments on the internal structure of the data contained in this string. @@ -591,10 +589,5 @@ Size of the uncompressed file. -There is one method: -.. method:: ZipInfo.is_dir() - - Return ``True`` if the ZipInfo represents a directory. - - .. versionadded:: 3.6 +.. _PKZIP Application Note: https://pkware.cachefly.net/webdocs/casestudies/APPNOTE.TXT diff --git a/Doc/library/zipimport.rst b/Doc/library/zipimport.rst --- a/Doc/library/zipimport.rst +++ b/Doc/library/zipimport.rst @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ .. seealso:: - `PKZIP Application Note <http://www.pkware.com/documents/casestudies/APPNOTE.TXT>`_ + `PKZIP Application Note <https://pkware.cachefly.net/webdocs/casestudies/APPNOTE.TXT>`_ Documentation on the ZIP file format by Phil Katz, the creator of the format and algorithms used. diff --git a/Doc/using/mac.rst b/Doc/using/mac.rst --- a/Doc/using/mac.rst +++ b/Doc/using/mac.rst @@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ *PyQt* is another popular cross-platform GUI toolkit that runs natively on Mac OS X. More information can be found at -http://www.riverbankcomputing.co.uk/software/pyqt/intro. +https://riverbankcomputing.com/software/pyqt/intro. Distributing Python Applications on the Mac diff --git a/Doc/using/unix.rst b/Doc/using/unix.rst --- a/Doc/using/unix.rst +++ b/Doc/using/unix.rst @@ -26,11 +26,11 @@ .. seealso:: - http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/maint-guide/first.en.html + https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/maint-guide/first.en.html for Debian users - http://en.opensuse.org/Portal:Packaging + https://en.opensuse.org/Portal:Packaging for OpenSuse users - http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/RPM… + https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/RP… for Fedora users http://www.slackbook.org/html/package-management-making-packages.html for Slackware users @@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ =============== If you want to compile CPython yourself, first thing you should do is get the -`source <https://www.python.org/download/source/>`_. You can download either the +`source <https://www.python.org/downloads/source/>`_. You can download either the latest release's source or just grab a fresh `clone <https://docs.python.org/devguide/setup.html#getting-the-source-code>`_. (If you want to contribute patches, you will need a clone.) diff --git a/Doc/using/windows.rst b/Doc/using/windows.rst --- a/Doc/using/windows.rst +++ b/Doc/using/windows.rst @@ -251,12 +251,12 @@ release/python>`_, `Maintainer releases <http://www.tishler.net/jason/software/python/>`_) -See `Python for Windows <https://www.python.org/download/windows/>`_ +See `Python for Windows <https://www.python.org/downloads/windows/>`_ for detailed information about platforms with pre-compiled installers. .. seealso:: - `Python on XP <http://www.richarddooling.com/index.php/2006/03/14/python-on-xp-7-minutes-t…>`_ + `Python on XP <http://dooling.com/index.php/2006/03/14/python-on-xp-7-minutes-to-hello-wor…>`_ "7 Minutes to "Hello World!"" by Richard Dooling, 2006 @@ -279,10 +279,10 @@ additional functionality. The following is a list of popular versions and their key features: -`ActivePython <http://www.activestate.com/activepython/>`_ +`ActivePython <https://www.activestate.com/activepython/>`_ Installer with multi-platform compatibility, documentation, PyWin32 -`Anaconda <http://www.continuum.io/downloads/>`_ +`Anaconda <https://www.continuum.io/downloads/>`_ Popular scientific modules (such as numpy, scipy and pandas) and the ``conda`` package manager. @@ -352,16 +352,16 @@ .. seealso:: - http://support.microsoft.com/kb/100843 + https://support.microsoft.com/kb/100843 Environment variables in Windows NT - http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc754250.aspx + https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc754250.aspx The SET command, for temporarily modifying environment variables - http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc755104.aspx + https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc755104.aspx The SETX command, for permanently modifying environment variables - http://support.microsoft.com/kb/310519 + https://support.microsoft.com/kb/310519 How To Manage Environment Variables in Windows XP http://www.chem.gla.ac.uk/~louis/software/faq/q1.html @@ -781,18 +781,18 @@ PyWin32 ------- -The `PyWin32 <http://python.net/crew/mhammond/win32/>`_ module by Mark Hammond +The `PyWin32 <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pywin32>`_ module by Mark Hammond is a collection of modules for advanced Windows-specific support. This includes utilities for: -* `Component Object Model <http://www.microsoft.com/com/>`_ (COM) +* `Component Object Model <https://www.microsoft.com/com/>`_ (COM) * Win32 API calls * Registry * Event log -* `Microsoft Foundation Classes <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/fe1cf721%28VS.80%29.aspx>`_ (MFC) +* `Microsoft Foundation Classes <https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/fe1cf721%28VS.80%29.aspx>`_ (MFC) user interfaces -`PythonWin <http://web.archive.org/web/20060524042422/ +`PythonWin <https://web.archive.org/web/20060524042422/ https://www.python.org/windows/pythonwin/>`_ is a sample MFC application shipped with PyWin32. It is an embeddable IDE with a built-in debugger. @@ -831,7 +831,7 @@ =========================== If you want to compile CPython yourself, first thing you should do is get the -`source <https://www.python.org/download/source/>`_. You can download either the +`source <https://www.python.org/downloads/source/>`_. You can download either the latest release's source or just grab a fresh `checkout <https://docs.python.org/devguide/setup.html#getting-the-source-code>`_. @@ -874,7 +874,7 @@ .. note:: The embedded distribution does not include the `Microsoft C Runtime - <http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=48145>`_ and it is + <https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=48145>`_ and it is the responsibility of the application installer to provide this. The runtime may have already been installed on a user's system previously or automatically via Windows Update, and can be detected by finding diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/2.0.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/2.0.rst --- a/Doc/whatsnew/2.0.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/2.0.rst @@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ Read the rest of PEP 1 for the details of the PEP editorial process, style, and format. PEPs are kept in the Python CVS tree on SourceForge, though they're not part of the Python 2.0 distribution, and are also available in HTML form from -https://www.python.org/peps/. As of September 2000, there are 25 PEPS, ranging +https://www.python.org/dev/peps/. As of September 2000, there are 25 PEPS, ranging from PEP 201, "Lockstep Iteration", to PEP 225, "Elementwise/Objectwise Operators". @@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ [ (x,y) for x in seq1 for y in seq2] The idea of list comprehensions originally comes from the functional programming -language Haskell (http://www.haskell.org). Greg Ewing argued most effectively +language Haskell (https://www.haskell.org). Greg Ewing argued most effectively for adding them to Python and wrote the initial list comprehension patch, which was then discussed for a seemingly endless time on the python-dev mailing list and kept up-to-date by Skip Montanaro. diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/2.1.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/2.1.rst --- a/Doc/whatsnew/2.1.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/2.1.rst @@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ using Python 2.1, since a new release of the Distutils will be made for users of earlier Python versions. Version 1.0.2 of the Distutils includes the changes described in PEP 241, as well as various bugfixes and enhancements. It will be -available from the Distutils SIG at https://www.python.org/sigs/distutils-sig/. +available from the Distutils SIG at https://www.python.org/community/sigs/current/distutils-sig/. .. seealso:: diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/2.3.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/2.3.rst --- a/Doc/whatsnew/2.3.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/2.3.rst @@ -1080,9 +1080,9 @@ hierarchy. Classic classes are unaffected by this change. Python 2.2 originally used a topological sort of a class's ancestors, but 2.3 now uses the C3 algorithm as described in the paper `"A Monotonic Superclass Linearization - for Dylan" <http://www.webcom.com/haahr/dylan/linearization-oopsla96.html>`_. To + for Dylan" <http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.19.3910>`_. To understand the motivation for this change, read Michele Simionato's article - `"Python 2.3 Method Resolution Order" <https://www.python.org/2.3/mro.html>`_, or + `"Python 2.3 Method Resolution Order" <http://www.phyast.pitt.edu/~micheles/mro.html>`_, or read the thread on python-dev starting with the message at https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2002-October/029035.html. Samuele Pedroni first pointed out the problem and also implemented the fix by coding the @@ -1306,7 +1306,7 @@ partially sorted order such that, for every index *k*, ``heap[k] <= heap[2*k+1]`` and ``heap[k] <= heap[2*k+2]``. This makes it quick to remove the smallest item, and inserting a new item while maintaining the heap property is - O(lg n). (See http://www.nist.gov/dads/HTML/priorityque.html for more + O(lg n). (See https://xlinux.nist.gov/dads//HTML/priorityque.html for more information about the priority queue data structure.) The :mod:`heapq` module provides :func:`heappush` and :func:`heappop` functions @@ -1949,7 +1949,7 @@ source distribution, were updated for 2.3. (Contributed by Sean Reifschneider.) Other new platforms now supported by Python include AtheOS -(http://www.atheos.cx/), GNU/Hurd, and OpenVMS. +(http://atheos.cx/), GNU/Hurd, and OpenVMS. .. ====================================================================== diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/2.4.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/2.4.rst --- a/Doc/whatsnew/2.4.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/2.4.rst @@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ wrote patches implementing function decorators, but the one that was actually checked in was patch #979728, written by Mark Russell. - https://www.python.org/moin/PythonDecoratorLibrary + https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonDecoratorLibrary This Wiki page contains several examples of decorators. .. ====================================================================== @@ -687,7 +687,7 @@ The article uses Fortran code to illustrate many of the problems that floating- point inaccuracy can cause. - http://www2.hursley.ibm.com/decimal/ + http://speleotrove.com/decimal/ A description of a decimal-based representation. This representation is being proposed as a standard, and underlies the new Python decimal type. Much of this material was written by Mike Cowlishaw, designer of the Rexx language. @@ -756,7 +756,7 @@ :c:type:`double` to an ASCII string. The code for these functions came from the GLib library -(http://library.gnome.org/devel/glib/stable/), whose developers kindly +(https://developer.gnome.org/glib/stable/), whose developers kindly relicensed the relevant functions and donated them to the Python Software Foundation. The :mod:`locale` module can now change the numeric locale, letting extensions such as GTK+ produce the correct results. diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/2.5.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/2.5.rst --- a/Doc/whatsnew/2.5.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/2.5.rst @@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ :pep:`328` - Imports: Multi-Line and Absolute/Relative PEP written by Aahz; implemented by Thomas Wouters. - http://codespeak.net/py/current/doc/index.html + https://pylib.readthedocs.org/ The py library by Holger Krekel, which contains the :mod:`py.std` package. .. ====================================================================== @@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ Earlier versions of these features were proposed in :pep:`288` by Raymond Hettinger and :pep:`325` by Samuele Pedroni. - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coroutine + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coroutine The Wikipedia entry for coroutines. http://www.sidhe.org/~dan/blog/archives/000178.html @@ -2088,7 +2088,7 @@ provided the results of their examination of the Python source code. The analysis found about 60 bugs that were quickly fixed. Many of the bugs were refcounting problems, often occurring in error-handling code. See - http://scan.coverity.com for the statistics. + https://scan.coverity.com for the statistics. * The largest change to the C API came from :pep:`353`, which modifies the interpreter to use a :c:type:`Py_ssize_t` type definition instead of diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/2.6.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/2.6.rst --- a/Doc/whatsnew/2.6.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/2.6.rst @@ -153,8 +153,8 @@ therefore posted a call for issue trackers, asking volunteers to set up different products and import some of the bugs and patches from SourceForge. Four different trackers were examined: `Jira -<http://www.atlassian.com/software/jira/>`__, -`Launchpad <http://www.launchpad.net>`__, +<https://www.atlassian.com/software/jira/>`__, +`Launchpad <https://www.launchpad.net>`__, `Roundup <http://roundup.sourceforge.net/>`__, and `Trac <http://trac.edgewall.org/>`__. The committee eventually settled on Jira @@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ During the 2.6 development cycle, Georg Brandl put a lot of effort into building a new toolchain for processing the documentation. The resulting package is called Sphinx, and is available from -http://sphinx.pocoo.org/. +http://sphinx-doc.org/. Sphinx concentrates on HTML output, producing attractively styled and modern HTML; printed output is still supported through conversion to @@ -1796,7 +1796,7 @@ * The :mod:`bsddb` module also has a new maintainer, Jesús Cea Avión, and the package is now available as a standalone package. The web page for the package is `www.jcea.es/programacion/pybsddb.htm - <http://www.jcea.es/programacion/pybsddb.htm>`__. + <https://www.jcea.es/programacion/pybsddb.htm>`__. The plan is to remove the package from the standard library in Python 3.0, because its pace of releases is much more frequent than Python's. @@ -1926,7 +1926,7 @@ the left to six places. (Contributed by Skip Montanaro; :issue:`1158`.) * The :mod:`decimal` module was updated to version 1.66 of - `the General Decimal Specification <http://www2.hursley.ibm.com/decimal/decarith.html>`__. New features + `the General Decimal Specification <http://speleotrove.com/decimal/decarith.html>`__. New features include some methods for some basic mathematical functions such as :meth:`exp` and :meth:`log10`:: diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst --- a/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst @@ -1029,7 +1029,7 @@ * Updated module: the :mod:`bsddb` module has been updated from 4.7.2devel9 to version 4.8.4 of - `the pybsddb package <http://www.jcea.es/programacion/pybsddb.htm>`__. + `the pybsddb package <https://www.jcea.es/programacion/pybsddb.htm>`__. The new version features better Python 3.x compatibility, various bug fixes, and adds several new BerkeleyDB flags and methods. (Updated by Jesús Cea Avión; :issue:`8156`. The pybsddb @@ -1513,7 +1513,7 @@ (Contributed by Kristján Valur Jónsson; :issue:`6192` and :issue:`6267`.) * Updated module: the :mod:`sqlite3` module has been updated to - version 2.6.0 of the `pysqlite package <http://code.google.com/p/pysqlite/>`__. Version 2.6.0 includes a number of bugfixes, and adds + version 2.6.0 of the `pysqlite package <https://github.com/ghaering/pysqlite>`__. Version 2.6.0 includes a number of bugfixes, and adds the ability to load SQLite extensions from shared libraries. Call the ``enable_load_extension(True)`` method to enable extensions, and then call :meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.load_extension` to load a particular shared library. diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.0.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.0.rst --- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.0.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.0.rst @@ -565,7 +565,7 @@ core standard library has proved over time to be a particular burden for the core developers due to testing instability and Berkeley DB's release schedule. However, the package is alive and well, - externally maintained at http://www.jcea.es/programacion/pybsddb.htm. + externally maintained at https://www.jcea.es/programacion/pybsddb.htm. * Some modules were renamed because their old name disobeyed :pep:`0008`, or for various other reasons. Here's the list: diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.2.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.2.rst --- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.2.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.2.rst @@ -845,9 +845,9 @@ * The :class:`collections.Counter` class now has two forms of in-place subtraction, the existing *-=* operator for `saturating subtraction - <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturation_arithmetic>`_ and the new + <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturation_arithmetic>`_ and the new :meth:`~collections.Counter.subtract` method for regular subtraction. The - former is suitable for `multisets <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiset>`_ + former is suitable for `multisets <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiset>`_ which only have positive counts, and the latter is more suitable for use cases that allow negative counts: @@ -906,7 +906,7 @@ complete. Barriers can work with an arbitrary number of threads. This is a generalization -of a `Rendezvous <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronous_rendezvous>`_ which +of a `Rendezvous <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronous_rendezvous>`_ which is defined for only two threads. Implemented as a two-phase cyclic barrier, :class:`~threading.Barrier` objects @@ -1043,7 +1043,7 @@ 0.013765762467652909 The :func:`~math.erf` function computes a probability integral or `Gaussian -error function <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_function>`_. The +error function <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_function>`_. The complementary error function, :func:`~math.erfc`, is ``1 - erf(x)``: >>> erf(1.0/sqrt(2.0)) # portion of normal distribution within 1 standard deviation @@ -1054,7 +1054,7 @@ 1.0 The :func:`~math.gamma` function is a continuous extension of the factorial -function. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_function for details. Because +function. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_function for details. Because the function is related to factorials, it grows large even for small values of *x*, so there is also a :func:`~math.lgamma` function for computing the natural logarithm of the gamma function: @@ -2180,7 +2180,7 @@ A number of usability improvements were made for the :mod:`urllib.parse` module. The :func:`~urllib.parse.urlparse` function now supports `IPv6 -<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6>`_ addresses as described in :rfc:`2732`: +<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6>`_ addresses as described in :rfc:`2732`: >>> import urllib.parse >>> urllib.parse.urlparse('http://[dead:beef:cafe:5417:affe:8FA3:deaf:feed]/foo/') @@ -2328,7 +2328,7 @@ (Contributed by Alexandre Vassalotti, Antoine Pitrou and the Unladen Swallow team in :issue:`9410` and :issue:`3873`.) -* The `Timsort algorithm <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timsort>`_ used in +* The `Timsort algorithm <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timsort>`_ used in :meth:`list.sort` and :func:`sorted` now runs faster and uses less memory when called with a :term:`key function`. Previously, every element of a list was wrapped with a temporary object that remembered the key value @@ -2380,7 +2380,7 @@ Python has been updated to `Unicode 6.0.0 <http://unicode.org/versions/Unicode6.0.0/>`_. The update to the standard adds -over 2,000 new characters including `emoji <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emoji>`_ +over 2,000 new characters including `emoji <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emoji>`_ symbols which are important for mobile phones. In addition, the updated standard has altered the character properties for two @@ -2432,7 +2432,7 @@ **Source code** :source:`Lib/functools.py`. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger; see - `rationale <http://rhettinger.wordpress.com/2011/01/28/open-your-source-more/>`_.) + `rationale <https://rhettinger.wordpress.com/2011/01/28/open-your-source-more/>`_.) * The docs now contain more examples and recipes. In particular, :mod:`re` module has an extensive section, :ref:`re-examples`. Likewise, the @@ -2468,7 +2468,7 @@ =============== In addition to the existing Subversion code repository at http://svn.python.org -there is now a `Mercurial <http://mercurial.selenic.com/>`_ repository at +there is now a `Mercurial <https://www.mercurial-scm.org/>`_ repository at https://hg.python.org/\ . After the 3.2 release, there are plans to switch to Mercurial as the primary @@ -2478,7 +2478,7 @@ To learn to use the new version control system, see the `tutorial by Joel Spolsky <http://hginit.com>`_ or the `Guide to Mercurial Workflows -<http://mercurial.selenic.com/guide>`_. +<https://www.mercurial-scm.org/guide>`_. Build and C API Changes diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.3.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.3.rst --- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.3.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.3.rst @@ -1884,13 +1884,13 @@ Heiko Wundram) * The :class:`~socket.socket` class now supports the PF_CAN protocol family - (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socketcan), on Linux - (http://lwn.net/Articles/253425). + (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socketcan), on Linux + (https://lwn.net/Articles/253425). (Contributed by Matthias Fuchs, updated by Tiago Gonçalves in :issue:`10141`.) * The :class:`~socket.socket` class now supports the PF_RDS protocol family - (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliable_Datagram_Sockets and + (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliable_Datagram_Sockets and https://oss.oracle.com/projects/rds/). * The :class:`~socket.socket` class now supports the ``PF_SYSTEM`` protocol diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.4.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.4.rst --- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.4.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.4.rst @@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ all of the parent's inheritable handles, only the necessary ones. * A new :func:`hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac` function provides the `PKCS#5 password-based key derivation function 2 - <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBKDF2>`_. + <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBKDF2>`_. * :ref:`TLSv1.1 and TLSv1.2 support <whatsnew-tls-11-12>` for :mod:`ssl`. * :ref:`Retrieving certificates from the Windows system cert store support <whatsnew34-win-cert-store>` for :mod:`ssl`. @@ -902,7 +902,7 @@ A new :func:`hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac` function provides the `PKCS#5 password-based key derivation function 2 -<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBKDF2>`_. (Contributed by Christian +<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBKDF2>`_. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`18582`.) The :attr:`~hashlib.hash.name` attribute of :mod:`hashlib` hash objects is now @@ -1917,8 +1917,8 @@ :issue:`18596`.) * The Windows build now uses `Address Space Layout Randomization - <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASLR>`_ and `Data Execution Prevention - <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Execution_Prevention>`_. (Contributed by + <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_space_layout_randomization>`_ and `Data Execution Prevention + <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Execution_Prevention>`_. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`16632`.) * New function :c:func:`PyObject_LengthHint` is the C API equivalent diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.5.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.5.rst --- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.5.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.5.rst @@ -2169,7 +2169,7 @@ The :c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_finalize` slot is now part of the stable ABI. Windows builds now require Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0, which -is available as part of `Visual Studio 2015 <http://www.visualstudio.com>`_. +is available as part of `Visual Studio 2015 <https://www.visualstudio.com/>`_. Extension modules now include a platform information tag in their filename on some platforms (the tag is optional, and CPython will import extensions without diff --git a/Misc/NEWS b/Misc/NEWS --- a/Misc/NEWS +++ b/Misc/NEWS @@ -7917,7 +7917,7 @@ - Issue #16245: Fix the value of a few entities in html.entities.html5. -- Issue #16301: Fix the localhost verification in urllib/request.py for file:// +- Issue #16301: Fix the localhost verification in urllib/request.py for ``file://`` urls. - Issue #16250: Fix the invocations of URLError which had misplaced filename -- Repository URL: https://hg.python.org/cpython

1 0

cpython (3.5): Closes #25910: fix dead and permanently redirected links in the docs. Thanks to
by georg.brandl 26 Feb '16

26 Feb '16

https://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/ce5ef48b5140 changeset: 100352:ce5ef48b5140 branch: 3.5 parent: 100350:fdcc3c0e7c6c user: Georg Brandl <georg(a)python.org> date: Fri Feb 26 19:37:12 2016 +0100 summary: Closes #25910: fix dead and permanently redirected links in the docs. Thanks to SilentGhost for the patch. files: Doc/distributing/index.rst | 16 +- Doc/distutils/apiref.rst | 2 +- Doc/extending/extending.rst | 2 +- Doc/extending/index.rst | 2 +- Doc/faq/design.rst | 2 +- Doc/faq/extending.rst | 4 +- Doc/faq/general.rst | 12 +- Doc/faq/gui.rst | 12 +- Doc/faq/library.rst | 2 +- Doc/faq/programming.rst | 2 +- Doc/howto/curses.rst | 2 +- Doc/howto/functional.rst | 12 +- Doc/howto/logging-cookbook.rst | 2 +- Doc/howto/logging.rst | 2 +- Doc/howto/sorting.rst | 6 +- Doc/howto/unicode.rst | 6 +- Doc/howto/webservers.rst | 34 +++--- Doc/installing/index.rst | 18 +- Doc/library/asyncio-eventloops.rst | 6 +- Doc/library/asyncio-subprocess.rst | 4 +- Doc/library/collections.rst | 6 +- Doc/library/dbm.rst | 2 +- Doc/library/decimal.rst | 3 - Doc/library/email.generator.rst | 4 +- Doc/library/functions.rst | 2 +- Doc/library/functools.rst | 6 +- Doc/library/heapq.rst | 4 +- Doc/library/http.client.rst | 2 +- Doc/library/itertools.rst | 4 +- Doc/library/json.rst | 2 +- Doc/library/logging.rst | 2 +- Doc/library/mailbox.rst | 4 +- Doc/library/math.rst | 16 +- Doc/library/msilib.rst | 64 +++++++------- Doc/library/os.rst | 6 +- Doc/library/othergui.rst | 14 +- Doc/library/random.rst | 2 +- Doc/library/re.rst | 2 +- Doc/library/shelve.rst | 4 +- Doc/library/socket.rst | 2 +- Doc/library/ssl.rst | 26 ++-- Doc/library/stat.rst | 2 +- Doc/library/subprocess.rst | 8 +- Doc/library/test.rst | 2 +- Doc/library/tkinter.rst | 4 +- Doc/library/unittest.mock-examples.rst | 6 +- Doc/library/urllib.request.rst | 2 +- Doc/library/winreg.rst | 12 +- Doc/library/wsgiref.rst | 4 +- Doc/library/xml.rst | 10 +- Doc/library/xmlrpc.client.rst | 2 +- Doc/library/zipfile.rst | 10 +- Doc/library/zipimport.rst | 2 +- Doc/using/mac.rst | 2 +- Doc/using/unix.rst | 8 +- Doc/using/windows.rst | 28 +++--- Doc/whatsnew/2.0.rst | 4 +- Doc/whatsnew/2.1.rst | 2 +- Doc/whatsnew/2.3.rst | 8 +- Doc/whatsnew/2.4.rst | 6 +- Doc/whatsnew/2.5.rst | 6 +- Doc/whatsnew/2.6.rst | 10 +- Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst | 4 +- Doc/whatsnew/3.0.rst | 2 +- Doc/whatsnew/3.2.rst | 22 ++-- Doc/whatsnew/3.3.rst | 6 +- Doc/whatsnew/3.4.rst | 8 +- Doc/whatsnew/3.5.rst | 2 +- Misc/NEWS | 2 +- 69 files changed, 253 insertions(+), 256 deletions(-) diff --git a/Doc/distributing/index.rst b/Doc/distributing/index.rst --- a/Doc/distributing/index.rst +++ b/Doc/distributing/index.rst @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ repository of open source licensed packages made available for use by other Python users * the `Python Packaging Authority - <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/future.html>`__ are the group of + <https://www.pypa.io/>`__ are the group of developers and documentation authors responsible for the maintenance and evolution of the standard packaging tools and the associated metadata and file format standards. They maintain a variety of tools, documentation @@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ locally. .. _setuptools: https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/setuptools.html -.. _wheel: http://wheel.readthedocs.org +.. _wheel: https://wheel.readthedocs.org Open source licensing and collaboration ======================================= @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ The Python Packaging User Guide includes more details on the `currently recommended tools`_. -.. _currently recommended tools: https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/current.html#packaging-tool-recommen… +.. _currently recommended tools: https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/current/#packaging-tool-recommendati… Reading the guide ================= @@ -124,11 +124,11 @@ * `Uploading the project to the Python Packaging Index`_ .. _Project structure: \ - https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/distributing.html#creating-your-own-… + https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/distributing/ .. _Building and packaging the project: \ - https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/distributing.html#packaging-your-pro… + https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/distributing/#packaging-your-project .. _Uploading the project to the Python Packaging Index: \ - https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/distributing.html#uploading-your-pro… + https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/distributing/#uploading-your-project… How do I...? @@ -160,11 +160,11 @@ .. seealso:: `Python Packaging User Guide: Binary Extensions - <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/extensions.html>`__ + <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/extensions>`__ .. other topics: Once the Development & Deployment part of PPUG is fleshed out, some of those sections should be linked from new questions here (most notably, we should have a question about avoiding depending on PyPI that links to - https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/deployment.html#pypi-mirrors-and-cac…) + https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/mirrors/) diff --git a/Doc/distutils/apiref.rst b/Doc/distutils/apiref.rst --- a/Doc/distutils/apiref.rst +++ b/Doc/distutils/apiref.rst @@ -1822,7 +1822,7 @@ Builds a `Windows Installer`_ (.msi) binary package. - .. _Windows Installer: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc185688(VS.85).aspx + .. _Windows Installer: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc185688(VS.85).aspx In most cases, the ``bdist_msi`` installer is a better choice than the ``bdist_wininst`` installer, because it provides better support for diff --git a/Doc/extending/extending.rst b/Doc/extending/extending.rst --- a/Doc/extending/extending.rst +++ b/Doc/extending/extending.rst @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ avoid writing C extensions and preserve portability to other implementations. For example, if your use case is calling C library functions or system calls, you should consider using the :mod:`ctypes` module or the `cffi - <http://cffi.readthedocs.org>`_ library rather than writing custom C code. + <https://cffi.readthedocs.org>`_ library rather than writing custom C code. These modules let you write Python code to interface with C code and are more portable between implementations of Python than writing and compiling a C extension module. diff --git a/Doc/extending/index.rst b/Doc/extending/index.rst --- a/Doc/extending/index.rst +++ b/Doc/extending/index.rst @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ .. seealso:: - `Python Packaging User Guide: Binary Extensions <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/extensions.html>`_ + `Python Packaging User Guide: Binary Extensions <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/extensions/>`_ The Python Packaging User Guide not only covers several available tools that simplify the creation of binary extensions, but also discusses the various reasons why creating an extension module may be diff --git a/Doc/faq/design.rst b/Doc/faq/design.rst --- a/Doc/faq/design.rst +++ b/Doc/faq/design.rst @@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ `Cython <http://cython.org/>`_ and `Pyrex <http://www.cosc.canterbury.ac.nz/greg.ewing/python/Pyrex/>`_ compile a modified version of Python with optional annotations into C -extensions. `Weave <http://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy-dev/reference/tutorial/weave.html>`_ makes it easy to +extensions. `Weave <https://scipy.github.io/devdocs/tutorial/weave.html>`_ makes it easy to intermingle Python and C code in various ways to increase performance. `Nuitka <http://www.nuitka.net/>`_ is an up-and-coming compiler of Python into C++ code, aiming to support the full Python language. diff --git a/Doc/faq/extending.rst b/Doc/faq/extending.rst --- a/Doc/faq/extending.rst +++ b/Doc/faq/extending.rst @@ -50,10 +50,10 @@ If you need to interface to some C or C++ library for which no Python extension currently exists, you can try wrapping the library's data types and functions with a tool such as `SWIG <http://www.swig.org>`_. `SIP -<http://www.riverbankcomputing.co.uk/software/sip/intro>`__, `CXX +<https://riverbankcomputing.com/software/sip/intro>`__, `CXX <http://cxx.sourceforge.net/>`_ `Boost <http://www.boost.org/libs/python/doc/index.html>`_, or `Weave -<http://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy-dev/reference/tutorial/weave.html>`_ are also +<https://scipy.github.io/devdocs/tutorial/weave.html>`_ are also alternatives for wrapping C++ libraries. diff --git a/Doc/faq/general.rst b/Doc/faq/general.rst --- a/Doc/faq/general.rst +++ b/Doc/faq/general.rst @@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ -------------------------------------------- The latest Python source distribution is always available from python.org, at -https://www.python.org/download/. The latest development sources can be obtained +https://www.python.org/downloads/. The latest development sources can be obtained via anonymous Mercurial access at https://hg.python.org/cpython. The source distribution is a gzipped tar file containing the complete C source, @@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ How do I get a beta test version of Python? ------------------------------------------- -Alpha and beta releases are available from https://www.python.org/download/. All +Alpha and beta releases are available from https://www.python.org/downloads/. All releases are announced on the comp.lang.python and comp.lang.python.announce newsgroups and on the Python home page at https://www.python.org/; an RSS feed of news is available. @@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ `www.python.org <https://www.python.org>`_ is graciously hosted by `Rackspace <http://www.rackspace.com>`_, with CDN caching provided by `Fastly <https://www.fastly.com>`_. `Upfront Systems -<http://www.upfrontsystems.co.za>`_ hosts `bugs.python.org +<http://www.upfrontsystems.co.za/>`_ hosts `bugs.python.org <https://bugs.python.org>`_. Many other Python services like `the Wiki <https://wiki.python.org>`_ are hosted by `Oregon State University Open Source Lab <https://osuosl.org>`_. @@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ When he began implementing Python, Guido van Rossum was also reading the published scripts from `"Monty Python's Flying Circus" -<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Python>`__, a BBC comedy series from the 1970s. Van Rossum +<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Python>`__, a BBC comedy series from the 1970s. Van Rossum thought he needed a name that was short, unique, and slightly mysterious, so he decided to call the language Python. @@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ releases. The latest stable releases can always be found on the `Python download page -<https://www.python.org/download/>`_. There are two recommended production-ready +<https://www.python.org/downloads/>`_. There are two recommended production-ready versions at this point in time, because at the moment there are two branches of stable releases: 2.x and 3.x. Python 3.x may be less useful than 2.x, since currently there is more third party software available for Python 2 than for @@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ High-profile Python projects include `the Mailman mailing list manager <http://www.list.org>`_ and `the Zope application server <http://www.zope.org>`_. Several Linux distributions, most notably `Red Hat -<http://www.redhat.com>`_, have written part or all of their installer and +<https://www.redhat.com>`_, have written part or all of their installer and system administration software in Python. Companies that use Python internally include Google, Yahoo, and Lucasfilm Ltd. diff --git a/Doc/faq/gui.rst b/Doc/faq/gui.rst --- a/Doc/faq/gui.rst +++ b/Doc/faq/gui.rst @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ Standard builds of Python include an object-oriented interface to the Tcl/Tk widget set, called :ref:`tkinter <Tkinter>`. This is probably the easiest to install (since it comes included with most -`binary distributions <https://www.python.org/download/>`_ of Python) and use. +`binary distributions <https://www.python.org/downloads/>`_ of Python) and use. For more info about Tk, including pointers to the source, see the `Tcl/Tk home page <http://www.tcl.tk>`_. Tcl/Tk is fully portable to the Mac OS X, Windows, and Unix platforms. @@ -58,19 +58,19 @@ --- There are bindings available for the Qt toolkit (using either `PyQt -<http://www.riverbankcomputing.co.uk/software/pyqt/intro>`_ or `PySide -<http://www.pyside.org/>`_) and for KDE (`PyKDE <https://techbase.kde.org/Development/Languages/Python>`__). +<https://riverbankcomputing.com/software/pyqt/intro>`_ or `PySide +<https://wiki.qt.io/PySide>`_) and for KDE (`PyKDE <https://techbase.kde.org/Development/Languages/Python>`__). PyQt is currently more mature than PySide, but you must buy a PyQt license from -`Riverbank Computing <http://www.riverbankcomputing.co.uk/software/pyqt/license>`_ +`Riverbank Computing <https://www.riverbankcomputing.com/commercial/license-faq>`_ if you want to write proprietary applications. PySide is free for all applications. Qt 4.5 upwards is licensed under the LGPL license; also, commercial licenses -are available from `The Qt Company <http://www.qt.io/licensing/>`_. +are available from `The Qt Company <https://www.qt.io/licensing/>`_. Gtk+ ---- -The `GObject introspection bindings <https://live.gnome.org/PyGObject>`_ +The `GObject introspection bindings <https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/PyGObject>`_ for Python allow you to write GTK+ 3 applications. There is also a `Python GTK+ 3 Tutorial <http://python-gtk-3-tutorial.readthedocs.org/en/latest/>`_. diff --git a/Doc/faq/library.rst b/Doc/faq/library.rst --- a/Doc/faq/library.rst +++ b/Doc/faq/library.rst @@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ For Unix, see a Usenet post by Mitch Chapman: - http://groups.google.com/groups?selm=34A04430.CF9@ohioee.com + https://groups.google.com/groups?selm=34A04430.CF9@ohioee.com Why doesn't closing sys.stdout (stdin, stderr) really close it? diff --git a/Doc/faq/programming.rst b/Doc/faq/programming.rst --- a/Doc/faq/programming.rst +++ b/Doc/faq/programming.rst @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ warns about code complexity and style. You can get PyChecker from http://pychecker.sourceforge.net/. -`Pylint <http://www.logilab.org/projects/pylint>`_ is another tool that checks +`Pylint <http://www.pylint.org/>`_ is another tool that checks if a module satisfies a coding standard, and also makes it possible to write plug-ins to add a custom feature. In addition to the bug checking that PyChecker performs, Pylint offers some additional features such as checking line diff --git a/Doc/howto/curses.rst b/Doc/howto/curses.rst --- a/Doc/howto/curses.rst +++ b/Doc/howto/curses.rst @@ -545,7 +545,7 @@ a lengthy tutorial for C programmers. * `The ncurses man page <http://linux.die.net/man/3/ncurses>`_ * `The ncurses FAQ <http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/ncurses.faq.html>`_ -* `"Use curses... don't swear" <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eN1eZtjLEnU>`_: +* `"Use curses... don't swear" <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eN1eZtjLEnU>`_: video of a PyCon 2013 talk on controlling terminals using curses or Urwid. * `"Console Applications with Urwid" <http://www.pyvideo.org/video/1568/console-applications-with-urwid>`_: video of a PyCon CA 2012 talk demonstrating some applications written using diff --git a/Doc/howto/functional.rst b/Doc/howto/functional.rst --- a/Doc/howto/functional.rst +++ b/Doc/howto/functional.rst @@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ List comprehensions and generator expressions (short form: "listcomps" and "genexps") are a concise notation for such operations, borrowed from the -functional programming language Haskell (http://www.haskell.org/). You can strip +functional programming language Haskell (https://www.haskell.org/). You can strip all the whitespace from a stream of strings with the following code:: line_list = [' line 1\n', 'line 2 \n', ...] @@ -716,7 +716,7 @@ It doesn't construct an in-memory list and exhaust all the input iterators before returning; instead tuples are constructed and returned only if they're requested. (The technical term for this behaviour is `lazy evaluation -<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazy_evaluation>`__.) +<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazy_evaluation>`__.) This iterator is intended to be used with iterables that are all of the same length. If the iterables are of different lengths, the resulting stream will be @@ -1199,7 +1199,7 @@ **Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs**, by Harold Abelson and Gerald Jay Sussman with Julie Sussman. Full text at -http://mitpress.mit.edu/sicp/. In this classic textbook of computer science, +https://mitpress.mit.edu/sicp/. In this classic textbook of computer science, chapters 2 and 3 discuss the use of sequences and streams to organize the data flow inside a program. The book uses Scheme for its examples, but many of the design approaches described in these chapters are applicable to functional-style @@ -1208,12 +1208,12 @@ http://www.defmacro.org/ramblings/fp.html: A general introduction to functional programming that uses Java examples and has a lengthy historical introduction. -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_programming: General Wikipedia entry +https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_programming: General Wikipedia entry describing functional programming. -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coroutine: Entry for coroutines. +https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coroutine: Entry for coroutines. -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currying: Entry for the concept of currying. +https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currying: Entry for the concept of currying. Python-specific --------------- diff --git a/Doc/howto/logging-cookbook.rst b/Doc/howto/logging-cookbook.rst --- a/Doc/howto/logging-cookbook.rst +++ b/Doc/howto/logging-cookbook.rst @@ -1316,7 +1316,7 @@ ----------------------------------------- Below is an example of a logging configuration dictionary - it's taken from -the `documentation on the Django project <https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.3/topics/logging/#configuring-logging>`_. +the `documentation on the Django project <https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.4/topics/logging/#configuring-logging>`_. This dictionary is passed to :func:`~config.dictConfig` to put the configuration into effect:: LOGGING = { diff --git a/Doc/howto/logging.rst b/Doc/howto/logging.rst --- a/Doc/howto/logging.rst +++ b/Doc/howto/logging.rst @@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ If your logging needs are simple, then use the above examples to incorporate logging into your own scripts, and if you run into problems or don't understand something, please post a question on the comp.lang.python Usenet -group (available at http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python) and you +group (available at https://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python) and you should receive help before too long. Still here? You can carry on reading the next few sections, which provide a diff --git a/Doc/howto/sorting.rst b/Doc/howto/sorting.rst --- a/Doc/howto/sorting.rst +++ b/Doc/howto/sorting.rst @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ ================================ Sorts are guaranteed to be `stable -<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm#Stability>`_\. That means that +<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm#Stability>`_\. That means that when multiple records have the same key, their original order is preserved. >>> data = [('red', 1), ('blue', 1), ('red', 2), ('blue', 2)] @@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ >>> sorted(s, key=attrgetter('grade'), reverse=True) # now sort on primary key, descending [('dave', 'B', 10), ('jane', 'B', 12), ('john', 'A', 15)] -The `Timsort <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timsort>`_ algorithm used in Python +The `Timsort <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timsort>`_ algorithm used in Python does multiple sorts efficiently because it can take advantage of any ordering already present in a dataset. @@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ directly. Another name for this idiom is -`Schwartzian transform <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwartzian_transform>`_\, +`Schwartzian transform <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwartzian_transform>`_\, after Randal L. Schwartz, who popularized it among Perl programmers. Now that Python sorting provides key-functions, this technique is not often needed. diff --git a/Doc/howto/unicode.rst b/Doc/howto/unicode.rst --- a/Doc/howto/unicode.rst +++ b/Doc/howto/unicode.rst @@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ precise historical details aren't necessary for understanding how to use Unicode effectively, but if you're curious, consult the Unicode consortium site listed in the References or -the `Wikipedia entry for Unicode <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode#History>`_ +the `Wikipedia entry for Unicode <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode#History>`_ for more information.) @@ -223,8 +223,8 @@ reading this alternate article before continuing. Wikipedia entries are often helpful; see the entries for "`character encoding -<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_encoding>`_" and `UTF-8 -<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8>`_, for example. +<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_encoding>`_" and `UTF-8 +<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8>`_, for example. Python's Unicode Support diff --git a/Doc/howto/webservers.rst b/Doc/howto/webservers.rst --- a/Doc/howto/webservers.rst +++ b/Doc/howto/webservers.rst @@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ Each web server requires a specific module. * Apache has both `mod_fastcgi <http://www.fastcgi.com/drupal/>`_ and `mod_fcgid - <http://httpd.apache.org/mod_fcgid/>`_. ``mod_fastcgi`` is the original one, but it + <https://httpd.apache.org/mod_fcgid/>`_. ``mod_fastcgi`` is the original one, but it has some licensing issues, which is why it is sometimes considered non-free. ``mod_fcgid`` is a smaller, compatible alternative. One of these modules needs to be loaded by Apache. @@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ `SCGI module <http://redmine.lighttpd.net/projects/lighttpd/wiki/Docs_ModSCGI>`_. * `nginx <http://nginx.org/>`_ also supports `FastCGI - <http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxSimplePythonFCGI>`_. + <https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/examples/simplepythonfcgi/>`_. Once you have installed and configured the module, you can test it with the following WSGI-application:: @@ -307,8 +307,8 @@ .. seealso:: - There is some documentation on `setting up Django with FastCGI - <https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/howto/deployment/fastcgi/>`_, most of + There is some documentation on `setting up Django with WSGI + <https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/howto/deployment/wsgi/>`_, most of which can be reused for other WSGI-compliant frameworks and libraries. Only the ``manage.py`` part has to be changed, the example used here can be used instead. Django does more or less the exact same thing. @@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ A really great WSGI feature is middleware. Middleware is a layer around your program which can add various functionality to it. There is quite a bit of -`middleware <http://www.wsgi.org/en/latest/libraries.html>`_ already +`middleware <https://wsgi.readthedocs.org/en/latest/libraries.html>`_ already available. For example, instead of writing your own session management (HTTP is a stateless protocol, so to associate multiple HTTP requests with a single user your application must create and manage such state via a session), you can @@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ The code that is used to connect to various low level gateways like CGI or mod_python is called a *WSGI server*. One of these servers is ``flup``, which supports FastCGI and SCGI, as well as `AJP -<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_JServ_Protocol>`_. Some of these servers +<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_JServ_Protocol>`_. Some of these servers are written in Python, as ``flup`` is, but there also exist others which are written in C and can be used as drop-in replacements. @@ -390,8 +390,8 @@ .. seealso:: A good overview of WSGI-related code can be found in the `WSGI homepage - <http://www.wsgi.org/en/latest/index.html>`_, which contains an extensive list of `WSGI servers - <http://www.wsgi.org/en/latest/servers.html>`_ which can be used by *any* application + <https://wsgi.readthedocs.org/>`_, which contains an extensive list of `WSGI servers + <https://wsgi.readthedocs.org/en/latest/servers.html>`_ which can be used by *any* application supporting WSGI. You might be interested in some WSGI-supporting modules already contained in @@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ Python without using WSGI. One of the most widely used wiki software packages is `MoinMoin -<http://moinmo.in/>`_. It was created in 2000, so it predates WSGI by about +<https://moinmo.in/>`_. It was created in 2000, so it predates WSGI by about three years. Older versions needed separate code to run on CGI, mod_python, FastCGI and standalone. @@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ .. seealso:: The English Wikipedia has an article about the `Model-View-Controller pattern - <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model-view-controller>`_. It includes a long + <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%E2%80%93view%E2%80%93controller>`_. It includes a long list of web frameworks for various programming languages. @@ -543,10 +543,10 @@ smaller sites SQLite is just enough. Relational databases are *queried* using a language called `SQL -<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL>`_. Python programmers in general do not +<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL>`_. Python programmers in general do not like SQL too much, as they prefer to work with objects. It is possible to save Python objects into a database using a technology called `ORM -<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-relational_mapping>`_ (Object Relational +<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-relational_mapping>`_ (Object Relational Mapping). ORM translates all object-oriented access into SQL code under the hood, so the developer does not need to think about it. Most `frameworks`_ use ORMs, and it works quite well. @@ -579,13 +579,13 @@ helps with choosing a method for saving data * `SQLAlchemy <http://www.sqlalchemy.org/>`_, the most powerful OR-Mapper - for Python, and `Elixir <http://elixir.ematia.de/>`_, which makes + for Python, and `Elixir <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Elixir>`_, which makes SQLAlchemy easier to use * `SQLObject <http://www.sqlobject.org/>`_, another popular OR-Mapper * `ZODB <https://launchpad.net/zodb>`_ and `Durus - <http://www.mems-exchange.org/software/durus/>`_, two object oriented + <https://www.mems-exchange.org/software/>`_, two object oriented databases @@ -671,10 +671,10 @@ example the ORM and template engine can be changed to use packages different from those used by default. -The documentation can be found in the `TurboGears wiki -<http://docs.turbogears.org/>`_, where links to screencasts can be found. +The documentation can be found in the `TurboGears documentation +<https://turbogears.readthedocs.org/>`_, where links to screencasts can be found. TurboGears has also an active user community which can respond to most related -questions. There is also a `TurboGears book <http://turbogearsbook.com/>`_ +questions. There is also a `TurboGears book <http://turbogears.org/1.0/docs/TGBooks.html>`_ published, which is a good starting point. The newest version of TurboGears, version 2.0, moves even further in direction diff --git a/Doc/installing/index.rst b/Doc/installing/index.rst --- a/Doc/installing/index.rst +++ b/Doc/installing/index.rst @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ repository of open source licensed packages made available for use by other Python users * the `Python Packaging Authority - <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/future.html>`__ are the group of + <https://www.pypa.io/en/latest/>`__ are the group of developers and documentation authors responsible for the maintenance and evolution of the standard packaging tools and the associated metadata and file format standards. They maintain a variety of tools, documentation @@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ .. seealso:: `Python Packaging User Guide: Installing Python Distribution Packages - <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/installing.html#installing-python-di…>`__ + <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/installing/>`__ How do I ...? @@ -123,8 +123,8 @@ .. seealso:: - `Python Packaging User Guide: Setup for Installing Distribution Packages - <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/installing.html#setup-for-installing…>`__ + `Python Packaging User Guide: Requirements for Installing Packages + <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/installing/#requirements-for-install…>`__ .. installing-per-user-installation: @@ -143,13 +143,13 @@ aren't currently easy to install using ``pip`` directly. At this point in time, it will often be easier for users to install these packages by `other means -<https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/science.html>`__ +<https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/science/>`__ rather than attempting to install them with ``pip``. .. seealso:: `Python Packaging User Guide: Installing Scientific Packages - <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/science.html>`__ + <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/science/>`__ ... work with multiple versions of Python installed in parallel? @@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ Once the Development & Deployment part of PPUG is fleshed out, some of those sections should be linked from new questions here (most notably, we should have a question about avoiding depending on PyPI that links to - https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/deployment.html#pypi-mirrors-and-cac…) + https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/mirrors/) Common installation issues @@ -212,11 +212,11 @@ than needing to build them themselves. Some of the solutions for installing `scientific software -<https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/science.html>`__ +<https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/science/>`__ that is not yet available as pre-built ``wheel`` files may also help with obtaining other binary extensions without needing to build them locally. .. seealso:: `Python Packaging User Guide: Binary Extensions - <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/extensions.html>`__ + <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/extensions/>`__ diff --git a/Doc/library/asyncio-eventloops.rst b/Doc/library/asyncio-eventloops.rst --- a/Doc/library/asyncio-eventloops.rst +++ b/Doc/library/asyncio-eventloops.rst @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ On Windows, only sockets are supported (ex: pipes are not supported): see the `MSDN documentation of select - <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms740141%28v=vs.85%…>`_. + <https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms740141%28v=vs.85…>`_. .. class:: ProactorEventLoop @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ .. seealso:: `MSDN documentation on I/O Completion Ports - <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa365198%28v=vs.85%…>`_. + <https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa365198%28v=vs.85…>`_. Example to use a :class:`ProactorEventLoop` on Windows:: @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ The resolution of the monotonic clock on Windows is usually around 15.6 msec. The best resolution is 0.5 msec. The resolution depends on the hardware (availability of `HPET -<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Precision_Event_Timer>`_) and on the Windows +<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Precision_Event_Timer>`_) and on the Windows configuration. See :ref:`asyncio delayed calls <asyncio-delayed-calls>`. .. versionchanged:: 3.5 diff --git a/Doc/library/asyncio-subprocess.rst b/Doc/library/asyncio-subprocess.rst --- a/Doc/library/asyncio-subprocess.rst +++ b/Doc/library/asyncio-subprocess.rst @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ It is the application's responsibility to ensure that all whitespace and metacharacters are quoted appropriately to avoid `shell injection - <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_injection#Shell_injection>`_ + <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_injection#Shell_injection>`_ vulnerabilities. The :func:`shlex.quote` function can be used to properly escape whitespace and shell metacharacters in strings that are going to be used to construct shell commands. @@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ It is the application's responsibility to ensure that all whitespace and metacharacters are quoted appropriately to avoid `shell injection - <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_injection#Shell_injection>`_ + <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_injection#Shell_injection>`_ vulnerabilities. The :func:`shlex.quote` function can be used to properly escape whitespace and shell metacharacters in strings that are going to be used to construct shell commands. diff --git a/Doc/library/collections.rst b/Doc/library/collections.rst --- a/Doc/library/collections.rst +++ b/Doc/library/collections.rst @@ -374,12 +374,12 @@ .. seealso:: - * `Bag class <http://www.gnu.org/software/smalltalk/manual-base/html_node/Bag.html>`_ + * `Bag class <https://www.gnu.org/software/smalltalk/manual-base/html_node/Bag.html>`_ in Smalltalk. - * Wikipedia entry for `Multisets <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiset>`_. + * Wikipedia entry for `Multisets <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiset>`_. - * `C++ multisets <http://www.demo2s.com/Tutorial/Cpp/0380__set-multiset/Catalog0380__set-mult…>`_ + * `C++ multisets <http://www.java2s.com/Tutorial/Cpp/0380__set-multiset/Catalog0380__set-mult…>`_ tutorial with examples. * For mathematical operations on multisets and their use cases, see diff --git a/Doc/library/dbm.rst b/Doc/library/dbm.rst --- a/Doc/library/dbm.rst +++ b/Doc/library/dbm.rst @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ :mod:`dbm` is a generic interface to variants of the DBM database --- :mod:`dbm.gnu` or :mod:`dbm.ndbm`. If none of these modules is installed, the slow-but-simple implementation in module :mod:`dbm.dumb` will be used. There -is a `third party interface <http://www.jcea.es/programacion/pybsddb.htm>`_ to +is a `third party interface <https://www.jcea.es/programacion/pybsddb.htm>`_ to the Oracle Berkeley DB. diff --git a/Doc/library/decimal.rst b/Doc/library/decimal.rst --- a/Doc/library/decimal.rst +++ b/Doc/library/decimal.rst @@ -109,9 +109,6 @@ * IBM's General Decimal Arithmetic Specification, `The General Decimal Arithmetic Specification <http://speleotrove.com/decimal/decarith.html>`_. - * IEEE standard 854-1987, `Unofficial IEEE 854 Text - <http://754r.ucbtest.org/standards/854.pdf>`_. - .. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% diff --git a/Doc/library/email.generator.rst b/Doc/library/email.generator.rst --- a/Doc/library/email.generator.rst +++ b/Doc/library/email.generator.rst @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ followed by a space at the beginning of the line. This is the only guaranteed portable way to avoid having such lines be mistaken for a Unix mailbox format envelope header separator (see `WHY THE CONTENT-LENGTH FORMAT IS BAD - <http://www.jwz.org/doc/content-length.html>`_ for details). *mangle_from_* + <https://www.jwz.org/doc/content-length.html>`_ for details). *mangle_from_* defaults to ``True``, but you might want to set this to ``False`` if you are not writing Unix mailbox format files. @@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ i.e. ``From`` followed by a space at the beginning of the line. This is the only guaranteed portable way to avoid having such lines be mistaken for a Unix mailbox format envelope header separator (see `WHY THE CONTENT-LENGTH - FORMAT IS BAD <http://www.jwz.org/doc/content-length.html>`_ for details). + FORMAT IS BAD <https://www.jwz.org/doc/content-length.html>`_ for details). *mangle_from_* defaults to ``True``, but you might want to set this to ``False`` if you are not writing Unix mailbox format files. diff --git a/Doc/library/functions.rst b/Doc/library/functions.rst --- a/Doc/library/functions.rst +++ b/Doc/library/functions.rst @@ -1418,7 +1418,7 @@ For practical suggestions on how to design cooperative classes using :func:`super`, see `guide to using super() - <http://rhettinger.wordpress.com/2011/05/26/super-considered-super/>`_. + <https://rhettinger.wordpress.com/2011/05/26/super-considered-super/>`_. .. _func-tuple: diff --git a/Doc/library/functools.rst b/Doc/library/functools.rst --- a/Doc/library/functools.rst +++ b/Doc/library/functools.rst @@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ bypassing the cache, or for rewrapping the function with a different cache. An `LRU (least recently used) cache - <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cache_algorithms#Examples>`_ works + <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cache_algorithms#Examples>`_ works best when the most recent calls are the best predictors of upcoming calls (for example, the most popular articles on a news server tend to change each day). The cache's size limit assures that the cache does not grow without bound on @@ -99,9 +99,9 @@ CacheInfo(hits=3, misses=8, maxsize=32, currsize=8) Example of efficiently computing - `Fibonacci numbers <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci_number>`_ + `Fibonacci numbers <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci_number>`_ using a cache to implement a - `dynamic programming <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_programming>`_ + `dynamic programming <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_programming>`_ technique:: @lru_cache(maxsize=None) diff --git a/Doc/library/heapq.rst b/Doc/library/heapq.rst --- a/Doc/library/heapq.rst +++ b/Doc/library/heapq.rst @@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ Basic Examples -------------- -A `heapsort <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heapsort>`_ can be implemented by +A `heapsort <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heapsort>`_ can be implemented by pushing all values onto a heap and then popping off the smallest values one at a time:: @@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ Priority Queue Implementation Notes ----------------------------------- -A `priority queue <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priority_queue>`_ is common use +A `priority queue <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priority_queue>`_ is common use for a heap, and it presents several implementation challenges: * Sort stability: how do you get two tasks with equal priorities to be returned diff --git a/Doc/library/http.client.rst b/Doc/library/http.client.rst --- a/Doc/library/http.client.rst +++ b/Doc/library/http.client.rst @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ .. seealso:: - The `Requests package <http://requests.readthedocs.org/>`_ + The `Requests package <https://requests.readthedocs.org/>`_ is recommended for a higher-level http client interface. .. note:: diff --git a/Doc/library/itertools.rst b/Doc/library/itertools.rst --- a/Doc/library/itertools.rst +++ b/Doc/library/itertools.rst @@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ :func:`min` for a running minimum, :func:`max` for a running maximum, or :func:`operator.mul` for a running product. Amortization tables can be built by accumulating interest and applying payments. First-order - `recurrence relations <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrence_relation>`_ + `recurrence relations <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrence_relation>`_ can be modeled by supplying the initial value in the iterable and using only the accumulated total in *func* argument:: @@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ >>> list(accumulate(cashflows, lambda bal, pmt: bal*1.05 + pmt)) [1000, 960.0, 918.0, 873.9000000000001, 827.5950000000001] - # Chaotic recurrence relation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logistic_map + # Chaotic recurrence relation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logistic_map >>> logistic_map = lambda x, _: r * x * (1 - x) >>> r = 3.8 >>> x0 = 0.4 diff --git a/Doc/library/json.rst b/Doc/library/json.rst --- a/Doc/library/json.rst +++ b/Doc/library/json.rst @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ :rfc:`7159` (which obsoletes :rfc:`4627`) and by `ECMA-404 <http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-404.htm>`_, is a lightweight data interchange format inspired by -`JavaScript <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript>`_ object literal syntax +`JavaScript <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript>`_ object literal syntax (although it is not a strict subset of JavaScript [#rfc-errata]_ ). :mod:`json` exposes an API familiar to users of the standard library diff --git a/Doc/library/logging.rst b/Doc/library/logging.rst --- a/Doc/library/logging.rst +++ b/Doc/library/logging.rst @@ -1246,7 +1246,7 @@ The proposal which described this feature for inclusion in the Python standard library. - `Original Python logging package <http://www.red-dove.com/python_logging.html>`_ + `Original Python logging package <https://www.red-dove.com/python_logging.html>`_ This is the original source for the :mod:`logging` package. The version of the package available from this site is suitable for use with Python 1.5.2, 2.1.x and 2.2.x, which do not include the :mod:`logging` package in the standard diff --git a/Doc/library/mailbox.rst b/Doc/library/mailbox.rst --- a/Doc/library/mailbox.rst +++ b/Doc/library/mailbox.rst @@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ `mbox man page from tin <http://www.tin.org/bin/man.cgi?section=5&topic=mbox>`_ Another specification of the format, with details on locking. - `Configuring Netscape Mail on Unix: Why The Content-Length Format is Bad <http://www.jwz.org/doc/content-length.html>`_ + `Configuring Netscape Mail on Unix: Why The Content-Length Format is Bad <https://www.jwz.org/doc/content-length.html>`_ An argument for using the original mbox format rather than a variation. `"mbox" is a family of several mutually incompatible mailbox formats <http://homepage.ntlworld.com/jonathan.deboynepollard/FGA/mail-mbox-formats.…>`_ @@ -744,7 +744,7 @@ `mmdf man page from tin <http://www.tin.org/bin/man.cgi?section=5&topic=mmdf>`_ A specification of MMDF format from the documentation of tin, a newsreader. - `MMDF <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MMDF>`_ + `MMDF <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MMDF>`_ A Wikipedia article describing the Multichannel Memorandum Distribution Facility. diff --git a/Doc/library/math.rst b/Doc/library/math.rst --- a/Doc/library/math.rst +++ b/Doc/library/math.rst @@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ For further discussion and two alternative approaches, see the `ASPN cookbook recipes for accurate floating point summation - <http://code.activestate.com/recipes/393090/>`_\. + <https://code.activestate.com/recipes/393090/>`_\. .. function:: gcd(a, b) @@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ Return ``e**x - 1``. For small floats *x*, the subtraction in ``exp(x) - 1`` can result in a `significant loss of precision - <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss_of_significance>`_\; the :func:`expm1` + <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss_of_significance>`_\; the :func:`expm1` function provides a way to compute this quantity to full precision:: >>> from math import exp, expm1 @@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ Hyperbolic functions -------------------- -`Hyperbolic functions <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic_function>`_ +`Hyperbolic functions <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic_function>`_ are analogs of trigonometric functions that are based on hyperbolas instead of circles. @@ -371,12 +371,12 @@ .. function:: erf(x) - Return the `error function <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_function>`_ at + Return the `error function <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_function>`_ at *x*. The :func:`erf` function can be used to compute traditional statistical functions such as the `cumulative standard normal distribution - <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution#Cumulative_distribution_fu…>`_:: + <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution#Cumulative_distribution_f…>`_:: def phi(x): 'Cumulative distribution function for the standard normal distribution' @@ -388,17 +388,17 @@ .. function:: erfc(x) Return the complementary error function at *x*. The `complementary error - function <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_function>`_ is defined as + function <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_function>`_ is defined as ``1.0 - erf(x)``. It is used for large values of *x* where a subtraction from one would cause a `loss of significance - <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss_of_significance>`_\. + <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss_of_significance>`_\. .. versionadded:: 3.2 .. function:: gamma(x) - Return the `Gamma function <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_function>`_ at + Return the `Gamma function <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_function>`_ at *x*. .. versionadded:: 3.2 diff --git a/Doc/library/msilib.rst b/Doc/library/msilib.rst --- a/Doc/library/msilib.rst +++ b/Doc/library/msilib.rst @@ -120,9 +120,9 @@ .. seealso:: - `FCICreateFile <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/devnotes/winprog/fcicr…>`_ - `UuidCreate <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/rpc/rpc/uuidcreate.asp>`_ - `UuidToString <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/rpc/rpc/uuidtostring.a…>`_ + `FCICreateFile <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/devnotes/winprog/fcic…>`_ + `UuidCreate <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/rpc/rpc/uuidcreate.asp>`_ + `UuidToString <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/rpc/rpc/uuidtostring.…>`_ .. _database-objects: @@ -151,9 +151,9 @@ .. seealso:: - `MSIDatabaseOpenView <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msidatabaseo…>`_ - `MSIDatabaseCommit <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msidatabasec…>`_ - `MSIGetSummaryInformation <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msigetsummar…>`_ + `MSIDatabaseOpenView <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msidatabase…>`_ + `MSIDatabaseCommit <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msidatabase…>`_ + `MSIGetSummaryInformation <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msigetsumma…>`_ .. _view-objects: @@ -199,11 +199,11 @@ .. seealso:: - `MsiViewExecute <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msiviewexecu…>`_ - `MSIViewGetColumnInfo <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msiviewgetco…>`_ - `MsiViewFetch <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msiviewfetch…>`_ - `MsiViewModify <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msiviewmodif…>`_ - `MsiViewClose <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msiviewclose…>`_ + `MsiViewExecute <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msiviewexec…>`_ + `MSIViewGetColumnInfo <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msiviewgetc…>`_ + `MsiViewFetch <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msiviewfetc…>`_ + `MsiViewModify <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msiviewmodi…>`_ + `MsiViewClose <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msiviewclos…>`_ .. _summary-objects: @@ -243,10 +243,10 @@ .. seealso:: - `MsiSummaryInfoGetProperty <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msisummaryin…>`_ - `MsiSummaryInfoGetPropertyCount <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msisummaryin…>`_ - `MsiSummaryInfoSetProperty <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msisummaryin…>`_ - `MsiSummaryInfoPersist <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msisummaryin…>`_ + `MsiSummaryInfoGetProperty <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msisummaryi…>`_ + `MsiSummaryInfoGetPropertyCount <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msisummaryi…>`_ + `MsiSummaryInfoSetProperty <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msisummaryi…>`_ + `MsiSummaryInfoPersist <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msisummaryi…>`_ .. _record-objects: @@ -297,11 +297,11 @@ .. seealso:: - `MsiRecordGetFieldCount <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msirecordget…>`_ - `MsiRecordSetString <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msirecordset…>`_ - `MsiRecordSetStream <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msirecordset…>`_ - `MsiRecordSetInteger <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msirecordset…>`_ - `MsiRecordClear <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msirecordcle…>`_ + `MsiRecordGetFieldCount <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msirecordge…>`_ + `MsiRecordSetString <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msirecordse…>`_ + `MsiRecordSetStream <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msirecordse…>`_ + `MsiRecordSetInteger <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msirecordse…>`_ + `MsiRecordClear <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/msirecordcl…>`_ .. _msi-errors: @@ -393,10 +393,10 @@ .. seealso:: - `Directory Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/directory_ta…>`_ - `File Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/file_table.a…>`_ - `Component Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/component_ta…>`_ - `FeatureComponents Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/featurecompo…>`_ + `Directory Table <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/directory_t…>`_ + `File Table <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/file_table.…>`_ + `Component Table <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/component_t…>`_ + `FeatureComponents Table <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/featurecomp…>`_ .. _features: @@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ .. seealso:: - `Feature Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/feature_tabl…>`_ + `Feature Table <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/feature_tab…>`_ .. _msi-gui: @@ -516,13 +516,13 @@ .. seealso:: - `Dialog Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/dialog_table…>`_ - `Control Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/control_tabl…>`_ - `Control Types <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/controls.asp>`_ - `ControlCondition Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/controlcondi…>`_ - `ControlEvent Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/controlevent…>`_ - `EventMapping Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/eventmapping…>`_ - `RadioButton Table <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/radiobutton_…>`_ + `Dialog Table <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/dialog_tabl…>`_ + `Control Table <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/control_tab…>`_ + `Control Types <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/controls.asp>`_ + `ControlCondition Table <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/controlcond…>`_ + `ControlEvent Table <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/controleven…>`_ + `EventMapping Table <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/eventmappin…>`_ + `RadioButton Table <https://msdn.microsoft.com/library?url=/library/en-us/msi/setup/radiobutton…>`_ .. _msi-tables: diff --git a/Doc/library/os.rst b/Doc/library/os.rst --- a/Doc/library/os.rst +++ b/Doc/library/os.rst @@ -894,7 +894,7 @@ :func:`~os.open` function. They can be combined using the bitwise OR operator ``|``. Some of them are not available on all platforms. For descriptions of their availability and use, consult the :manpage:`open(2)` manual page on Unix -or `the MSDN <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/z0kc8e3z.aspx>`_ on Windows. +or `the MSDN <https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/z0kc8e3z.aspx>`_ on Windows. .. data:: O_RDONLY @@ -1907,9 +1907,9 @@ and `readdir() <http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/readdir_r.html>`_ functions. On Windows, it uses the Win32 - `FindFirstFileW <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa364418(v=vs.85).a…>`_ + `FindFirstFileW <https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa364418(v=vs.85).…>`_ and - `FindNextFileW <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa364428(v=vs.85).a…>`_ + `FindNextFileW <https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa364428(v=vs.85).…>`_ functions. .. versionadded:: 3.5 diff --git a/Doc/library/othergui.rst b/Doc/library/othergui.rst --- a/Doc/library/othergui.rst +++ b/Doc/library/othergui.rst @@ -8,33 +8,33 @@ .. seealso:: - `PyGObject <https://live.gnome.org/PyGObject>`_ + `PyGObject <https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/PyGObject>`_ provides introspection bindings for C libraries using `GObject <https://developer.gnome.org/gobject/stable/>`_. One of these libraries is the `GTK+ 3 <http://www.gtk.org/>`_ widget set. GTK+ comes with many more widgets than Tkinter provides. An online - `Python GTK+ 3 Tutorial <http://python-gtk-3-tutorial.readthedocs.org/en/latest/>`_ + `Python GTK+ 3 Tutorial <https://python-gtk-3-tutorial.readthedocs.org/en/latest/>`_ is available. `PyGTK <http://www.pygtk.org/>`_ provides bindings for an older version of the library, GTK+ 2. It provides an object oriented interface that is slightly higher level than the C one. There are also bindings to - `GNOME <http://www.gnome.org>`_. An online `tutorial + `GNOME <https://www.gnome.org/>`_. An online `tutorial <http://www.pygtk.org/pygtk2tutorial/index.html>`_ is available. - `PyQt <http://www.riverbankcomputing.co.uk/software/pyqt/intro>`_ + `PyQt <https://riverbankcomputing.com/software/pyqt/intro>`_ PyQt is a :program:`sip`\ -wrapped binding to the Qt toolkit. Qt is an extensive C++ GUI application development framework that is available for Unix, Windows and Mac OS X. :program:`sip` is a tool for generating bindings for C++ libraries as Python classes, and is specifically designed for Python. The *PyQt3* bindings have a book, `GUI Programming with Python: QT Edition - <http://www.commandprompt.com/community/pyqt/>`_ by Boudewijn + <https://www.commandprompt.com/community/pyqt/>`_ by Boudewijn Rempt. The *PyQt4* bindings also have a book, `Rapid GUI Programming with Python and Qt <http://www.qtrac.eu/pyqtbook.html>`_, by Mark Summerfield. - `PySide <http://qt-project.org/wiki/PySide>`_ + `PySide <https://wiki.qt.io/PySide>`_ is a newer binding to the Qt toolkit, provided by Nokia. Compared to PyQt, its licensing scheme is friendlier to non-open source applications. @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ low-level device context drawing, drag and drop, system clipboard access, an XML-based resource format and more, including an ever growing library of user-contributed modules. wxPython has a book, `wxPython in Action - <http://www.manning.com/rappin/>`_, by Noel Rappin and + <https://www.manning.com/books/wxpython-in-action>`_, by Noel Rappin and Robin Dunn. PyGTK, PyQt, and wxPython, all have a modern look and feel and more diff --git a/Doc/library/random.rst b/Doc/library/random.rst --- a/Doc/library/random.rst +++ b/Doc/library/random.rst @@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ `Complementary-Multiply-with-Carry recipe - <http://code.activestate.com/recipes/576707/>`_ for a compatible alternative + <https://code.activestate.com/recipes/576707/>`_ for a compatible alternative random number generator with a long period and comparatively simple update operations. diff --git a/Doc/library/re.rst b/Doc/library/re.rst --- a/Doc/library/re.rst +++ b/Doc/library/re.rst @@ -1389,7 +1389,7 @@ Writing a Tokenizer ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ -A `tokenizer or scanner <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexical_analysis>`_ +A `tokenizer or scanner <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexical_analysis>`_ analyzes a string to categorize groups of characters. This is a useful first step in writing a compiler or interpreter. diff --git a/Doc/library/shelve.rst b/Doc/library/shelve.rst --- a/Doc/library/shelve.rst +++ b/Doc/library/shelve.rst @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ .. seealso:: - `Persistent dictionary recipe <http://code.activestate.com/recipes/576642/>`_ + `Persistent dictionary recipe <https://code.activestate.com/recipes/576642/>`_ with widely supported storage formats and having the speed of native dictionaries. @@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ A subclass of :class:`Shelf` which exposes :meth:`first`, :meth:`!next`, :meth:`previous`, :meth:`last` and :meth:`set_location` which are available in the third-party :mod:`bsddb` module from `pybsddb - <http://www.jcea.es/programacion/pybsddb.htm>`_ but not in other database + <https://www.jcea.es/programacion/pybsddb.htm>`_ but not in other database modules. The *dict* object passed to the constructor must support those methods. This is generally accomplished by calling one of :func:`bsddb.hashopen`, :func:`bsddb.btopen` or :func:`bsddb.rnopen`. The diff --git a/Doc/library/socket.rst b/Doc/library/socket.rst --- a/Doc/library/socket.rst +++ b/Doc/library/socket.rst @@ -983,7 +983,7 @@ The :meth:`ioctl` method is a limited interface to the WSAIoctl system interface. Please refer to the `Win32 documentation - <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms741621%28VS.85%29.aspx>`_ for more + <https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms741621%28VS.85%29.aspx>`_ for more information. On other platforms, the generic :func:`fcntl.fcntl` and :func:`fcntl.ioctl` diff --git a/Doc/library/ssl.rst b/Doc/library/ssl.rst --- a/Doc/library/ssl.rst +++ b/Doc/library/ssl.rst @@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ The *ciphers* parameter sets the available ciphers for this SSL object. It should be a string in the `OpenSSL cipher list format - <http://www.openssl.org/docs/apps/ciphers.html#CIPHER_LIST_FORMAT>`_. + <http://www.openssl.org/docs/apps/ciphers.html#CIPHER-LIST-FORMAT>`_. The parameter ``do_handshake_on_connect`` specifies whether to do the SSL handshake automatically after doing a :meth:`socket.connect`, or whether the @@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ Read the Wikipedia article, `Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG) - <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographically_secure_pseudorandom_number_g…>`_, + <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographically_secure_pseudorandom_number_…>`_, to get the requirements of a cryptographically generator. .. versionadded:: 3.3 @@ -721,7 +721,7 @@ Whether the OpenSSL library has built-in support for *Next Protocol Negotiation* as described in the `NPN draft specification - <http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-agl-tls-nextprotoneg>`_. When true, + <https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-agl-tls-nextprotoneg>`_. When true, you can use the :meth:`SSLContext.set_npn_protocols` method to advertise which protocols you want to support. @@ -1212,7 +1212,7 @@ Set the available ciphers for sockets created with this context. It should be a string in the `OpenSSL cipher list format - <http://www.openssl.org/docs/apps/ciphers.html#CIPHER_LIST_FORMAT>`_. + <http://www.openssl.org/docs/apps/ciphers.html#CIPHER-LIST-FORMAT>`_. If no cipher can be selected (because compile-time options or other configuration forbids use of all the specified ciphers), an :class:`SSLError` will be raised. @@ -1241,7 +1241,7 @@ handshake. It should be a list of strings, like ``['http/1.1', 'spdy/2']``, ordered by preference. The selection of a protocol will happen during the handshake, and will play out according to the `NPN draft specification - <http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-agl-tls-nextprotoneg>`_. After a + <https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-agl-tls-nextprotoneg>`_. After a successful handshake, the :meth:`SSLSocket.selected_npn_protocol` method will return the agreed-upon protocol. @@ -2019,7 +2019,7 @@ :meth:`SSLContext.set_ciphers` method. Starting from Python 3.2.3, the ssl module disables certain weak ciphers by default, but you may want to further restrict the cipher choice. Be sure to read OpenSSL's documentation -about the `cipher list format <http://www.openssl.org/docs/apps/ciphers.html#CIPHER_LIST_FORMAT>`_. +about the `cipher list format <http://www.openssl.org/docs/apps/ciphers.html#CIPHER-LIST-FORMAT>`_. If you want to check which ciphers are enabled by a given cipher list, use the ``openssl ciphers`` command on your system. @@ -2040,25 +2040,25 @@ Class :class:`socket.socket` Documentation of underlying :mod:`socket` class - `SSL/TLS Strong Encryption: An Introduction <http://httpd.apache.org/docs/trunk/en/ssl/ssl_intro.html>`_ + `SSL/TLS Strong Encryption: An Introduction <https://httpd.apache.org/docs/trunk/en/ssl/ssl_intro.html>`_ Intro from the Apache webserver documentation - `RFC 1422: Privacy Enhancement for Internet Electronic Mail: Part II: Certificate-Based Key Management <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1422>`_ + `RFC 1422: Privacy Enhancement for Internet Electronic Mail: Part II: Certificate-Based Key Management <https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1422>`_ Steve Kent - `RFC 1750: Randomness Recommendations for Security <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1750>`_ + `RFC 1750: Randomness Recommendations for Security <https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1750>`_ D. Eastlake et. al. - `RFC 3280: Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and CRL Profile <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3280>`_ + `RFC 3280: Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and CRL Profile <https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3280>`_ Housley et. al. - `RFC 4366: Transport Layer Security (TLS) Extensions <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4366>`_ + `RFC 4366: Transport Layer Security (TLS) Extensions <https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4366>`_ Blake-Wilson et. al. - `RFC 5246: The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2 <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5246>`_ + `RFC 5246: The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2 <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5246>`_ T. Dierks et. al. - `RFC 6066: Transport Layer Security (TLS) Extensions <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6066>`_ + `RFC 6066: Transport Layer Security (TLS) Extensions <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6066>`_ D. Eastlake `IANA TLS: Transport Layer Security (TLS) Parameters <http://www.iana.org/assignments/tls-parameters/tls-parameters.xml>`_ diff --git a/Doc/library/stat.rst b/Doc/library/stat.rst --- a/Doc/library/stat.rst +++ b/Doc/library/stat.rst @@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ On Windows, the following file attribute constants are available for use when testing bits in the ``st_file_attributes`` member returned by :func:`os.stat`. See the `Windows API documentation -<http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/gg258117.aspx>`_ +<https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/gg258117.aspx>`_ for more detail on the meaning of these constants. .. data:: FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE diff --git a/Doc/library/subprocess.rst b/Doc/library/subprocess.rst --- a/Doc/library/subprocess.rst +++ b/Doc/library/subprocess.rst @@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ execute. On Windows, in order to run a `side-by-side assembly`_ the specified *env* **must** include a valid :envvar:`SystemRoot`. - .. _side-by-side assembly: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Side-by-Side_Assembly + .. _side-by-side assembly: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Side-by-Side_Assembly If *universal_newlines* is ``True``, the file objects *stdin*, *stdout* and *stderr* are opened as text streams in universal newlines mode, as @@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ If the shell is invoked explicitly, via ``shell=True``, it is the application's responsibility to ensure that all whitespace and metacharacters are quoted appropriately to avoid -`shell injection <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_injection#Shell_injection>`_ +`shell injection <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_injection#Shell_injection>`_ vulnerabilities. When using ``shell=True``, the :func:`shlex.quote` function can be @@ -721,7 +721,7 @@ .. class:: STARTUPINFO() Partial support of the Windows - `STARTUPINFO <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms686331(v=vs.85).aspx>`__ + `STARTUPINFO <https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms686331(v=vs.85).aspx>`__ structure is used for :class:`Popen` creation. .. attribute:: dwFlags @@ -757,7 +757,7 @@ If :attr:`dwFlags` specifies :data:`STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW`, this attribute can be any of the values that can be specified in the ``nCmdShow`` parameter for the - `ShowWindow <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms633548(v=vs.85).aspx>`__ + `ShowWindow <https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms633548(v=vs.85).aspx>`__ function, except for ``SW_SHOWDEFAULT``. Otherwise, this attribute is ignored. diff --git a/Doc/library/test.rst b/Doc/library/test.rst --- a/Doc/library/test.rst +++ b/Doc/library/test.rst @@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ are expected to crash a subprocess. On Windows, it disables Windows Error Reporting dialogs using - `SetErrorMode <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms680621.aspx>`_. + `SetErrorMode <https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms680621.aspx>`_. On UNIX, :func:`resource.setrlimit` is used to set :attr:`resource.RLIMIT_CORE`'s soft limit to 0 to prevent coredump file diff --git a/Doc/library/tkinter.rst b/Doc/library/tkinter.rst --- a/Doc/library/tkinter.rst +++ b/Doc/library/tkinter.rst @@ -31,13 +31,13 @@ `Tcl/Tk manual <http://www.tcl.tk/man/tcl8.5/>`_ Official manual for the latest tcl/tk version. - `Programming Python <http://www.rmi.net/~lutz/about-pp4e.html>`_ + `Programming Python <http://learning-python.com/books/about-pp4e.html>`_ Book by Mark Lutz, has excellent coverage of Tkinter. `Modern Tkinter for Busy Python Developers <http://www.amazon.com/Modern-Tkinter-Python-Developers-ebook/dp/B0071QDNLO/>`_ Book by Mark Rozerman about building attractive and modern graphical user interfaces with Python and Tkinter. - `Python and Tkinter Programming <http://www.manning.com/grayson/>`_ + `Python and Tkinter Programming <https://www.manning.com/books/python-and-tkinter-programming>`_ The book by John Grayson (ISBN 1-884777-81-3). diff --git a/Doc/library/unittest.mock-examples.rst b/Doc/library/unittest.mock-examples.rst --- a/Doc/library/unittest.mock-examples.rst +++ b/Doc/library/unittest.mock-examples.rst @@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ An alternative way of dealing with mocking dates, or other builtin classes, is discussed in `this blog entry -<http://www.williamjohnbert.com/2011/07/how-to-unit-testing-in-django-with-m…>`_. +<http://williambert.online/2011/07/how-to-unit-testing-in-django-with-mockin…>`_. Mocking a Generator Method @@ -1251,7 +1251,7 @@ :exc:`AssertionError` directly and provide a more useful failure message. As of version 1.5, the Python testing library `PyHamcrest -<https://pypi.python.org/pypi/PyHamcrest>`_ provides similar functionality, +<https://pyhamcrest.readthedocs.org/>`_ provides similar functionality, that may be useful here, in the form of its equality matcher (`hamcrest.library.integration.match_equality -<http://pyhamcrest.readthedocs.org/en/stable/integration/#module-hamcrest.li…>`_). +<https://pyhamcrest.readthedocs.org/en/release-1.8/integration/#module-hamcr…>`_). diff --git a/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst b/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst --- a/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst +++ b/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ .. seealso:: - The `Requests package <http://requests.readthedocs.org/>`_ + The `Requests package <https://requests.readthedocs.org/>`_ is recommended for a higher-level http client interface. diff --git a/Doc/library/winreg.rst b/Doc/library/winreg.rst --- a/Doc/library/winreg.rst +++ b/Doc/library/winreg.rst @@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ The :func:`DeleteKeyEx` function is implemented with the RegDeleteKeyEx Windows API function, which is specific to 64-bit versions of Windows. See the `RegDeleteKeyEx documentation - <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms724847%28VS.85%29.aspx>`__. + <https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms724847%28VS.85%29.aspx>`__. *key* is an already open key, or one of the predefined :ref:`HKEY_* constants <hkey-constants>`. @@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ A call to :func:`LoadKey` fails if the calling process does not have the :const:`SE_RESTORE_PRIVILEGE` privilege. Note that privileges are different from permissions -- see the `RegLoadKey documentation - <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms724889%28v=VS.85%29.aspx>`__ for + <https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms724889%28v=VS.85%29.aspx>`__ for more details. If *key* is a handle returned by :func:`ConnectRegistry`, then the path @@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ possess the :const:`SeBackupPrivilege` security privilege. Note that privileges are different than permissions -- see the `Conflicts Between User Rights and Permissions documentation - <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms724878%28v=VS.85%29.aspx>`__ + <https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms724878%28v=VS.85%29.aspx>`__ for more details. This function passes NULL for *security_attributes* to the API. @@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ +++++++++++++ For more information, see `Registry Key Security and Access -<http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms724878%28v=VS.85%29.aspx>`__. +<https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms724878%28v=VS.85%29.aspx>`__. .. data:: KEY_ALL_ACCESS @@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ *************** For more information, see `Accessing an Alternate Registry View -<http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa384129(v=VS.85).aspx>`__. +<https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa384129(v=VS.85).aspx>`__. .. data:: KEY_WOW64_64KEY @@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ +++++++++++ For more information, see `Registry Value Types -<http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms724884%28v=VS.85%29.aspx>`__. +<https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms724884%28v=VS.85%29.aspx>`__. .. data:: REG_BINARY diff --git a/Doc/library/wsgiref.rst b/Doc/library/wsgiref.rst --- a/Doc/library/wsgiref.rst +++ b/Doc/library/wsgiref.rst @@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ and a validation tool that checks WSGI servers and applications for conformance to the WSGI specification (:pep:`3333`). -See http://www.wsgi.org for more information about WSGI, and links to tutorials -and other resources. +See https://wsgi.readthedocs.org/ for more information about WSGI, and links to +tutorials and other resources. .. XXX If you're just trying to write a web application... diff --git a/Doc/library/xml.rst b/Doc/library/xml.rst --- a/Doc/library/xml.rst +++ b/Doc/library/xml.rst @@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ billion laughs **Yes** **Yes** **Yes** **Yes** **Yes** quadratic blowup **Yes** **Yes** **Yes** **Yes** **Yes** external entity expansion **Yes** No (1) No (2) **Yes** No (3) -DTD retrieval **Yes** No No **Yes** No +`DTD`_ retrieval **Yes** No No **Yes** No decompression bomb No No No No **Yes** ========================= ======== ========= ========= ======== ========= @@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ also point to external resources or local files. The XML parser accesses the resource and embeds the content into the XML document. -DTD retrieval +`DTD`_ retrieval Some XML libraries like Python's :mod:`xml.dom.pulldom` retrieve document type definitions from remote or local locations. The feature has similar implications as the external entity expansion issue. @@ -128,6 +128,6 @@ .. _defusedxml: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/defusedxml/ .. _defusedexpat: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/defusedexpat/ -.. _Billion Laughs: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billion_laughs -.. _ZIP bomb: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zip_bomb -.. _DTD: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document_Type_Definition +.. _Billion Laughs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billion_laughs +.. _ZIP bomb: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zip_bomb +.. _DTD: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document_type_definition diff --git a/Doc/library/xmlrpc.client.rst b/Doc/library/xmlrpc.client.rst --- a/Doc/library/xmlrpc.client.rst +++ b/Doc/library/xmlrpc.client.rst @@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ `XML-RPC Introspection <http://xmlrpc-c.sourceforge.net/introspection.html>`_ Describes the XML-RPC protocol extension for introspection. - `XML-RPC Specification <http://www.xmlrpc.com/spec>`_ + `XML-RPC Specification <http://xmlrpc.scripting.com/spec.html>`_ The official specification. `Unofficial XML-RPC Errata <http://effbot.org/zone/xmlrpc-errata.htm>`_ diff --git a/Doc/library/zipfile.rst b/Doc/library/zipfile.rst --- a/Doc/library/zipfile.rst +++ b/Doc/library/zipfile.rst @@ -13,8 +13,7 @@ The ZIP file format is a common archive and compression standard. This module provides tools to create, read, write, append, and list a ZIP file. Any advanced use of this module will require an understanding of the format, as -defined in `PKZIP Application Note -<http://www.pkware.com/documents/casestudies/APPNOTE.TXT>`_. +defined in `PKZIP Application Note`_. This module does not currently handle multi-disk ZIP files. It can handle ZIP files that use the ZIP64 extensions @@ -115,7 +114,7 @@ .. seealso:: - `PKZIP Application Note <http://www.pkware.com/documents/casestudies/APPNOTE.TXT>`_ + `PKZIP Application Note`_ Documentation on the ZIP file format by Phil Katz, the creator of the format and algorithms used. @@ -511,8 +510,7 @@ .. attribute:: ZipInfo.extra - Expansion field data. The `PKZIP Application Note - <http://www.pkware.com/documents/casestudies/APPNOTE.TXT>`_ contains + Expansion field data. The `PKZIP Application Note`_ contains some comments on the internal structure of the data contained in this string. @@ -574,3 +572,5 @@ .. attribute:: ZipInfo.file_size Size of the uncompressed file. + +.. _PKZIP Application Note: https://pkware.cachefly.net/webdocs/casestudies/APPNOTE.TXT diff --git a/Doc/library/zipimport.rst b/Doc/library/zipimport.rst --- a/Doc/library/zipimport.rst +++ b/Doc/library/zipimport.rst @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ .. seealso:: - `PKZIP Application Note <http://www.pkware.com/documents/casestudies/APPNOTE.TXT>`_ + `PKZIP Application Note <https://pkware.cachefly.net/webdocs/casestudies/APPNOTE.TXT>`_ Documentation on the ZIP file format by Phil Katz, the creator of the format and algorithms used. diff --git a/Doc/using/mac.rst b/Doc/using/mac.rst --- a/Doc/using/mac.rst +++ b/Doc/using/mac.rst @@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ *PyQt* is another popular cross-platform GUI toolkit that runs natively on Mac OS X. More information can be found at -http://www.riverbankcomputing.co.uk/software/pyqt/intro. +https://riverbankcomputing.com/software/pyqt/intro. Distributing Python Applications on the Mac diff --git a/Doc/using/unix.rst b/Doc/using/unix.rst --- a/Doc/using/unix.rst +++ b/Doc/using/unix.rst @@ -26,11 +26,11 @@ .. seealso:: - http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/maint-guide/first.en.html + https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/maint-guide/first.en.html for Debian users - http://en.opensuse.org/Portal:Packaging + https://en.opensuse.org/Portal:Packaging for OpenSuse users - http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/RPM… + https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/RP… for Fedora users http://www.slackbook.org/html/package-management-making-packages.html for Slackware users @@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ =============== If you want to compile CPython yourself, first thing you should do is get the -`source <https://www.python.org/download/source/>`_. You can download either the +`source <https://www.python.org/downloads/source/>`_. You can download either the latest release's source or just grab a fresh `clone <https://docs.python.org/devguide/setup.html#getting-the-source-code>`_. (If you want to contribute patches, you will need a clone.) diff --git a/Doc/using/windows.rst b/Doc/using/windows.rst --- a/Doc/using/windows.rst +++ b/Doc/using/windows.rst @@ -251,12 +251,12 @@ release/python>`_, `Maintainer releases <http://www.tishler.net/jason/software/python/>`_) -See `Python for Windows <https://www.python.org/download/windows/>`_ +See `Python for Windows <https://www.python.org/downloads/windows/>`_ for detailed information about platforms with pre-compiled installers. .. seealso:: - `Python on XP <http://www.richarddooling.com/index.php/2006/03/14/python-on-xp-7-minutes-t…>`_ + `Python on XP <http://dooling.com/index.php/2006/03/14/python-on-xp-7-minutes-to-hello-wor…>`_ "7 Minutes to "Hello World!"" by Richard Dooling, 2006 @@ -279,10 +279,10 @@ additional functionality. The following is a list of popular versions and their key features: -`ActivePython <http://www.activestate.com/activepython/>`_ +`ActivePython <https://www.activestate.com/activepython/>`_ Installer with multi-platform compatibility, documentation, PyWin32 -`Anaconda <http://www.continuum.io/downloads/>`_ +`Anaconda <https://www.continuum.io/downloads/>`_ Popular scientific modules (such as numpy, scipy and pandas) and the ``conda`` package manager. @@ -352,16 +352,16 @@ .. seealso:: - http://support.microsoft.com/kb/100843 + https://support.microsoft.com/kb/100843 Environment variables in Windows NT - http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc754250.aspx + https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc754250.aspx The SET command, for temporarily modifying environment variables - http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc755104.aspx + https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc755104.aspx The SETX command, for permanently modifying environment variables - http://support.microsoft.com/kb/310519 + https://support.microsoft.com/kb/310519 How To Manage Environment Variables in Windows XP http://www.chem.gla.ac.uk/~louis/software/faq/q1.html @@ -781,18 +781,18 @@ PyWin32 ------- -The `PyWin32 <http://python.net/crew/mhammond/win32/>`_ module by Mark Hammond +The `PyWin32 <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pywin32>`_ module by Mark Hammond is a collection of modules for advanced Windows-specific support. This includes utilities for: -* `Component Object Model <http://www.microsoft.com/com/>`_ (COM) +* `Component Object Model <https://www.microsoft.com/com/>`_ (COM) * Win32 API calls * Registry * Event log -* `Microsoft Foundation Classes <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/fe1cf721%28VS.80%29.aspx>`_ (MFC) +* `Microsoft Foundation Classes <https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/fe1cf721%28VS.80%29.aspx>`_ (MFC) user interfaces -`PythonWin <http://web.archive.org/web/20060524042422/ +`PythonWin <https://web.archive.org/web/20060524042422/ https://www.python.org/windows/pythonwin/>`_ is a sample MFC application shipped with PyWin32. It is an embeddable IDE with a built-in debugger. @@ -831,7 +831,7 @@ =========================== If you want to compile CPython yourself, first thing you should do is get the -`source <https://www.python.org/download/source/>`_. You can download either the +`source <https://www.python.org/downloads/source/>`_. You can download either the latest release's source or just grab a fresh `checkout <https://docs.python.org/devguide/setup.html#getting-the-source-code>`_. @@ -874,7 +874,7 @@ .. note:: The embedded distribution does not include the `Microsoft C Runtime - <http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=48145>`_ and it is + <https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=48145>`_ and it is the responsibility of the application installer to provide this. The runtime may have already been installed on a user's system previously or automatically via Windows Update, and can be detected by finding diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/2.0.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/2.0.rst --- a/Doc/whatsnew/2.0.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/2.0.rst @@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ Read the rest of PEP 1 for the details of the PEP editorial process, style, and format. PEPs are kept in the Python CVS tree on SourceForge, though they're not part of the Python 2.0 distribution, and are also available in HTML form from -https://www.python.org/peps/. As of September 2000, there are 25 PEPS, ranging +https://www.python.org/dev/peps/. As of September 2000, there are 25 PEPS, ranging from PEP 201, "Lockstep Iteration", to PEP 225, "Elementwise/Objectwise Operators". @@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ [ (x,y) for x in seq1 for y in seq2] The idea of list comprehensions originally comes from the functional programming -language Haskell (http://www.haskell.org). Greg Ewing argued most effectively +language Haskell (https://www.haskell.org). Greg Ewing argued most effectively for adding them to Python and wrote the initial list comprehension patch, which was then discussed for a seemingly endless time on the python-dev mailing list and kept up-to-date by Skip Montanaro. diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/2.1.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/2.1.rst --- a/Doc/whatsnew/2.1.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/2.1.rst @@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ using Python 2.1, since a new release of the Distutils will be made for users of earlier Python versions. Version 1.0.2 of the Distutils includes the changes described in PEP 241, as well as various bugfixes and enhancements. It will be -available from the Distutils SIG at https://www.python.org/sigs/distutils-sig/. +available from the Distutils SIG at https://www.python.org/community/sigs/current/distutils-sig/. .. seealso:: diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/2.3.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/2.3.rst --- a/Doc/whatsnew/2.3.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/2.3.rst @@ -1080,9 +1080,9 @@ hierarchy. Classic classes are unaffected by this change. Python 2.2 originally used a topological sort of a class's ancestors, but 2.3 now uses the C3 algorithm as described in the paper `"A Monotonic Superclass Linearization - for Dylan" <http://www.webcom.com/haahr/dylan/linearization-oopsla96.html>`_. To + for Dylan" <http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.19.3910>`_. To understand the motivation for this change, read Michele Simionato's article - `"Python 2.3 Method Resolution Order" <https://www.python.org/2.3/mro.html>`_, or + `"Python 2.3 Method Resolution Order" <http://www.phyast.pitt.edu/~micheles/mro.html>`_, or read the thread on python-dev starting with the message at https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2002-October/029035.html. Samuele Pedroni first pointed out the problem and also implemented the fix by coding the @@ -1306,7 +1306,7 @@ partially sorted order such that, for every index *k*, ``heap[k] <= heap[2*k+1]`` and ``heap[k] <= heap[2*k+2]``. This makes it quick to remove the smallest item, and inserting a new item while maintaining the heap property is - O(lg n). (See http://www.nist.gov/dads/HTML/priorityque.html for more + O(lg n). (See https://xlinux.nist.gov/dads//HTML/priorityque.html for more information about the priority queue data structure.) The :mod:`heapq` module provides :func:`heappush` and :func:`heappop` functions @@ -1949,7 +1949,7 @@ source distribution, were updated for 2.3. (Contributed by Sean Reifschneider.) Other new platforms now supported by Python include AtheOS -(http://www.atheos.cx/), GNU/Hurd, and OpenVMS. +(http://atheos.cx/), GNU/Hurd, and OpenVMS. .. ====================================================================== diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/2.4.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/2.4.rst --- a/Doc/whatsnew/2.4.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/2.4.rst @@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ wrote patches implementing function decorators, but the one that was actually checked in was patch #979728, written by Mark Russell. - https://www.python.org/moin/PythonDecoratorLibrary + https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonDecoratorLibrary This Wiki page contains several examples of decorators. .. ====================================================================== @@ -687,7 +687,7 @@ The article uses Fortran code to illustrate many of the problems that floating- point inaccuracy can cause. - http://www2.hursley.ibm.com/decimal/ + http://speleotrove.com/decimal/ A description of a decimal-based representation. This representation is being proposed as a standard, and underlies the new Python decimal type. Much of this material was written by Mike Cowlishaw, designer of the Rexx language. @@ -756,7 +756,7 @@ :c:type:`double` to an ASCII string. The code for these functions came from the GLib library -(http://library.gnome.org/devel/glib/stable/), whose developers kindly +(https://developer.gnome.org/glib/stable/), whose developers kindly relicensed the relevant functions and donated them to the Python Software Foundation. The :mod:`locale` module can now change the numeric locale, letting extensions such as GTK+ produce the correct results. diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/2.5.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/2.5.rst --- a/Doc/whatsnew/2.5.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/2.5.rst @@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ :pep:`328` - Imports: Multi-Line and Absolute/Relative PEP written by Aahz; implemented by Thomas Wouters. - http://codespeak.net/py/current/doc/index.html + https://pylib.readthedocs.org/ The py library by Holger Krekel, which contains the :mod:`py.std` package. .. ====================================================================== @@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ Earlier versions of these features were proposed in :pep:`288` by Raymond Hettinger and :pep:`325` by Samuele Pedroni. - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coroutine + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coroutine The Wikipedia entry for coroutines. http://www.sidhe.org/~dan/blog/archives/000178.html @@ -2088,7 +2088,7 @@ provided the results of their examination of the Python source code. The analysis found about 60 bugs that were quickly fixed. Many of the bugs were refcounting problems, often occurring in error-handling code. See - http://scan.coverity.com for the statistics. + https://scan.coverity.com for the statistics. * The largest change to the C API came from :pep:`353`, which modifies the interpreter to use a :c:type:`Py_ssize_t` type definition instead of diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/2.6.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/2.6.rst --- a/Doc/whatsnew/2.6.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/2.6.rst @@ -153,8 +153,8 @@ therefore posted a call for issue trackers, asking volunteers to set up different products and import some of the bugs and patches from SourceForge. Four different trackers were examined: `Jira -<http://www.atlassian.com/software/jira/>`__, -`Launchpad <http://www.launchpad.net>`__, +<https://www.atlassian.com/software/jira/>`__, +`Launchpad <https://www.launchpad.net>`__, `Roundup <http://roundup.sourceforge.net/>`__, and `Trac <http://trac.edgewall.org/>`__. The committee eventually settled on Jira @@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ During the 2.6 development cycle, Georg Brandl put a lot of effort into building a new toolchain for processing the documentation. The resulting package is called Sphinx, and is available from -http://sphinx.pocoo.org/. +http://sphinx-doc.org/. Sphinx concentrates on HTML output, producing attractively styled and modern HTML; printed output is still supported through conversion to @@ -1796,7 +1796,7 @@ * The :mod:`bsddb` module also has a new maintainer, Jesús Cea Avión, and the package is now available as a standalone package. The web page for the package is `www.jcea.es/programacion/pybsddb.htm - <http://www.jcea.es/programacion/pybsddb.htm>`__. + <https://www.jcea.es/programacion/pybsddb.htm>`__. The plan is to remove the package from the standard library in Python 3.0, because its pace of releases is much more frequent than Python's. @@ -1926,7 +1926,7 @@ the left to six places. (Contributed by Skip Montanaro; :issue:`1158`.) * The :mod:`decimal` module was updated to version 1.66 of - `the General Decimal Specification <http://www2.hursley.ibm.com/decimal/decarith.html>`__. New features + `the General Decimal Specification <http://speleotrove.com/decimal/decarith.html>`__. New features include some methods for some basic mathematical functions such as :meth:`exp` and :meth:`log10`:: diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst --- a/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst @@ -1029,7 +1029,7 @@ * Updated module: the :mod:`bsddb` module has been updated from 4.7.2devel9 to version 4.8.4 of - `the pybsddb package <http://www.jcea.es/programacion/pybsddb.htm>`__. + `the pybsddb package <https://www.jcea.es/programacion/pybsddb.htm>`__. The new version features better Python 3.x compatibility, various bug fixes, and adds several new BerkeleyDB flags and methods. (Updated by Jesús Cea Avión; :issue:`8156`. The pybsddb @@ -1513,7 +1513,7 @@ (Contributed by Kristján Valur Jónsson; :issue:`6192` and :issue:`6267`.) * Updated module: the :mod:`sqlite3` module has been updated to - version 2.6.0 of the `pysqlite package <http://code.google.com/p/pysqlite/>`__. Version 2.6.0 includes a number of bugfixes, and adds + version 2.6.0 of the `pysqlite package <https://github.com/ghaering/pysqlite>`__. Version 2.6.0 includes a number of bugfixes, and adds the ability to load SQLite extensions from shared libraries. Call the ``enable_load_extension(True)`` method to enable extensions, and then call :meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.load_extension` to load a particular shared library. diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.0.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.0.rst --- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.0.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.0.rst @@ -565,7 +565,7 @@ core standard library has proved over time to be a particular burden for the core developers due to testing instability and Berkeley DB's release schedule. However, the package is alive and well, - externally maintained at http://www.jcea.es/programacion/pybsddb.htm. + externally maintained at https://www.jcea.es/programacion/pybsddb.htm. * Some modules were renamed because their old name disobeyed :pep:`0008`, or for various other reasons. Here's the list: diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.2.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.2.rst --- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.2.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.2.rst @@ -845,9 +845,9 @@ * The :class:`collections.Counter` class now has two forms of in-place subtraction, the existing *-=* operator for `saturating subtraction - <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturation_arithmetic>`_ and the new + <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturation_arithmetic>`_ and the new :meth:`~collections.Counter.subtract` method for regular subtraction. The - former is suitable for `multisets <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiset>`_ + former is suitable for `multisets <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiset>`_ which only have positive counts, and the latter is more suitable for use cases that allow negative counts: @@ -906,7 +906,7 @@ complete. Barriers can work with an arbitrary number of threads. This is a generalization -of a `Rendezvous <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronous_rendezvous>`_ which +of a `Rendezvous <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronous_rendezvous>`_ which is defined for only two threads. Implemented as a two-phase cyclic barrier, :class:`~threading.Barrier` objects @@ -1043,7 +1043,7 @@ 0.013765762467652909 The :func:`~math.erf` function computes a probability integral or `Gaussian -error function <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_function>`_. The +error function <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_function>`_. The complementary error function, :func:`~math.erfc`, is ``1 - erf(x)``: >>> erf(1.0/sqrt(2.0)) # portion of normal distribution within 1 standard deviation @@ -1054,7 +1054,7 @@ 1.0 The :func:`~math.gamma` function is a continuous extension of the factorial -function. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_function for details. Because +function. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_function for details. Because the function is related to factorials, it grows large even for small values of *x*, so there is also a :func:`~math.lgamma` function for computing the natural logarithm of the gamma function: @@ -2180,7 +2180,7 @@ A number of usability improvements were made for the :mod:`urllib.parse` module. The :func:`~urllib.parse.urlparse` function now supports `IPv6 -<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6>`_ addresses as described in :rfc:`2732`: +<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6>`_ addresses as described in :rfc:`2732`: >>> import urllib.parse >>> urllib.parse.urlparse('http://[dead:beef:cafe:5417:affe:8FA3:deaf:feed]/foo/') @@ -2328,7 +2328,7 @@ (Contributed by Alexandre Vassalotti, Antoine Pitrou and the Unladen Swallow team in :issue:`9410` and :issue:`3873`.) -* The `Timsort algorithm <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timsort>`_ used in +* The `Timsort algorithm <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timsort>`_ used in :meth:`list.sort` and :func:`sorted` now runs faster and uses less memory when called with a :term:`key function`. Previously, every element of a list was wrapped with a temporary object that remembered the key value @@ -2380,7 +2380,7 @@ Python has been updated to `Unicode 6.0.0 <http://unicode.org/versions/Unicode6.0.0/>`_. The update to the standard adds -over 2,000 new characters including `emoji <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emoji>`_ +over 2,000 new characters including `emoji <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emoji>`_ symbols which are important for mobile phones. In addition, the updated standard has altered the character properties for two @@ -2432,7 +2432,7 @@ **Source code** :source:`Lib/functools.py`. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger; see - `rationale <http://rhettinger.wordpress.com/2011/01/28/open-your-source-more/>`_.) + `rationale <https://rhettinger.wordpress.com/2011/01/28/open-your-source-more/>`_.) * The docs now contain more examples and recipes. In particular, :mod:`re` module has an extensive section, :ref:`re-examples`. Likewise, the @@ -2468,7 +2468,7 @@ =============== In addition to the existing Subversion code repository at http://svn.python.org -there is now a `Mercurial <http://mercurial.selenic.com/>`_ repository at +there is now a `Mercurial <https://www.mercurial-scm.org/>`_ repository at https://hg.python.org/\ . After the 3.2 release, there are plans to switch to Mercurial as the primary @@ -2478,7 +2478,7 @@ To learn to use the new version control system, see the `tutorial by Joel Spolsky <http://hginit.com>`_ or the `Guide to Mercurial Workflows -<http://mercurial.selenic.com/guide>`_. +<https://www.mercurial-scm.org/guide>`_. Build and C API Changes diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.3.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.3.rst --- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.3.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.3.rst @@ -1884,13 +1884,13 @@ Heiko Wundram) * The :class:`~socket.socket` class now supports the PF_CAN protocol family - (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socketcan), on Linux - (http://lwn.net/Articles/253425). + (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socketcan), on Linux + (https://lwn.net/Articles/253425). (Contributed by Matthias Fuchs, updated by Tiago Gonçalves in :issue:`10141`.) * The :class:`~socket.socket` class now supports the PF_RDS protocol family - (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliable_Datagram_Sockets and + (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliable_Datagram_Sockets and https://oss.oracle.com/projects/rds/). * The :class:`~socket.socket` class now supports the ``PF_SYSTEM`` protocol diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.4.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.4.rst --- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.4.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.4.rst @@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ all of the parent's inheritable handles, only the necessary ones. * A new :func:`hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac` function provides the `PKCS#5 password-based key derivation function 2 - <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBKDF2>`_. + <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBKDF2>`_. * :ref:`TLSv1.1 and TLSv1.2 support <whatsnew-tls-11-12>` for :mod:`ssl`. * :ref:`Retrieving certificates from the Windows system cert store support <whatsnew34-win-cert-store>` for :mod:`ssl`. @@ -902,7 +902,7 @@ A new :func:`hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac` function provides the `PKCS#5 password-based key derivation function 2 -<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBKDF2>`_. (Contributed by Christian +<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBKDF2>`_. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`18582`.) The :attr:`~hashlib.hash.name` attribute of :mod:`hashlib` hash objects is now @@ -1917,8 +1917,8 @@ :issue:`18596`.) * The Windows build now uses `Address Space Layout Randomization - <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASLR>`_ and `Data Execution Prevention - <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Execution_Prevention>`_. (Contributed by + <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_space_layout_randomization>`_ and `Data Execution Prevention + <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Execution_Prevention>`_. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`16632`.) * New function :c:func:`PyObject_LengthHint` is the C API equivalent diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.5.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.5.rst --- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.5.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.5.rst @@ -2169,7 +2169,7 @@ The :c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_finalize` slot is now part of the stable ABI. Windows builds now require Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0, which -is available as part of `Visual Studio 2015 <http://www.visualstudio.com>`_. +is available as part of `Visual Studio 2015 <https://www.visualstudio.com/>`_. Extension modules now include a platform information tag in their filename on some platforms (the tag is optional, and CPython will import extensions without diff --git a/Misc/NEWS b/Misc/NEWS --- a/Misc/NEWS +++ b/Misc/NEWS @@ -7411,7 +7411,7 @@ - Issue #16245: Fix the value of a few entities in html.entities.html5. -- Issue #16301: Fix the localhost verification in urllib/request.py for file:// +- Issue #16301: Fix the localhost verification in urllib/request.py for ``file://`` urls. - Issue #16250: Fix the invocations of URLError which had misplaced filename -- Repository URL: https://hg.python.org/cpython

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cpython (merge 3.5 -> default): merge with 3.5
by georg.brandl 26 Feb '16

26 Feb '16

https://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/06001e079072 changeset: 100351:06001e079072 parent: 100349:c964cd3f9858 parent: 100350:fdcc3c0e7c6c user: Georg Brandl <georg(a)python.org> date: Fri Feb 26 19:18:05 2016 +0100 summary: merge with 3.5 files: Doc/using/mac.rst | 6 +++--- 1 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/Doc/using/mac.rst b/Doc/using/mac.rst --- a/Doc/using/mac.rst +++ b/Doc/using/mac.rst @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ What you get after installing is a number of things: -* A :file:`MacPython 3.4` folder in your :file:`Applications` folder. In here +* A :file:`MacPython 3.6` folder in your :file:`Applications` folder. In here you find IDLE, the development environment that is a standard part of official Python distributions; PythonLauncher, which handles double-clicking Python scripts from the Finder; and the "Build Applet" tool, which allows you to @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ anything that has a GUI) need to be run in a special way. Use :program:`pythonw` instead of :program:`python` to start such scripts. -With Python 3.4, you can use either :program:`python` or :program:`pythonw`. +With Python 3.6, you can use either :program:`python` or :program:`pythonw`. Configuration @@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ Distributing Python Applications on the Mac =========================================== -The "Build Applet" tool that is placed in the MacPython 3.4 folder is fine for +The "Build Applet" tool that is placed in the MacPython 3.6 folder is fine for packaging small Python scripts on your own machine to run as a standard Mac application. This tool, however, is not robust enough to distribute Python applications to other users. -- Repository URL: https://hg.python.org/cpython

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cpython (3.5): Fix version.
by georg.brandl 26 Feb '16

26 Feb '16

https://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/fdcc3c0e7c6c changeset: 100350:fdcc3c0e7c6c branch: 3.5 parent: 100348:9b240ec2bd42 user: Georg Brandl <georg(a)python.org> date: Fri Feb 26 19:17:39 2016 +0100 summary: Fix version. files: Doc/using/mac.rst | 6 +++--- 1 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/Doc/using/mac.rst b/Doc/using/mac.rst --- a/Doc/using/mac.rst +++ b/Doc/using/mac.rst @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ What you get after installing is a number of things: -* A :file:`MacPython 3.4` folder in your :file:`Applications` folder. In here +* A :file:`MacPython 3.5` folder in your :file:`Applications` folder. In here you find IDLE, the development environment that is a standard part of official Python distributions; PythonLauncher, which handles double-clicking Python scripts from the Finder; and the "Build Applet" tool, which allows you to @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ anything that has a GUI) need to be run in a special way. Use :program:`pythonw` instead of :program:`python` to start such scripts. -With Python 3.4, you can use either :program:`python` or :program:`pythonw`. +With Python 3.5, you can use either :program:`python` or :program:`pythonw`. Configuration @@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ Distributing Python Applications on the Mac =========================================== -The "Build Applet" tool that is placed in the MacPython 3.4 folder is fine for +The "Build Applet" tool that is placed in the MacPython 3.5 folder is fine for packaging small Python scripts on your own machine to run as a standard Mac application. This tool, however, is not robust enough to distribute Python applications to other users. -- Repository URL: https://hg.python.org/cpython

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cpython (3.5): Closes #26442: fix copy-paste.
by georg.brandl 26 Feb '16

26 Feb '16

https://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/9b240ec2bd42 changeset: 100348:9b240ec2bd42 branch: 3.5 parent: 100346:29beb1554dec user: Georg Brandl <georg(a)python.org> date: Fri Feb 26 19:16:40 2016 +0100 summary: Closes #26442: fix copy-paste. files: Doc/library/xmlrpc.server.rst | 2 +- 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-) diff --git a/Doc/library/xmlrpc.server.rst b/Doc/library/xmlrpc.server.rst --- a/Doc/library/xmlrpc.server.rst +++ b/Doc/library/xmlrpc.server.rst @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ .. warning:: - The :mod:`xmlrpc.client` module is not secure against maliciously + The :mod:`xmlrpc.server` module is not secure against maliciously constructed data. If you need to parse untrusted or unauthenticated data see :ref:`xml-vulnerabilities`. -- Repository URL: https://hg.python.org/cpython

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cpython (merge 3.5 -> default): merge with 3.5
by georg.brandl 26 Feb '16

26 Feb '16

https://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/c964cd3f9858 changeset: 100349:c964cd3f9858 parent: 100347:732e46d081b5 parent: 100348:9b240ec2bd42 user: Georg Brandl <georg(a)python.org> date: Fri Feb 26 19:16:43 2016 +0100 summary: merge with 3.5 files: Doc/library/xmlrpc.server.rst | 2 +- 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-) diff --git a/Doc/library/xmlrpc.server.rst b/Doc/library/xmlrpc.server.rst --- a/Doc/library/xmlrpc.server.rst +++ b/Doc/library/xmlrpc.server.rst @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ .. warning:: - The :mod:`xmlrpc.client` module is not secure against maliciously + The :mod:`xmlrpc.server` module is not secure against maliciously constructed data. If you need to parse untrusted or unauthenticated data see :ref:`xml-vulnerabilities`. -- Repository URL: https://hg.python.org/cpython

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cpython (merge 3.5 -> default): merge with 3.5
by georg.brandl 26 Feb '16

26 Feb '16

https://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/732e46d081b5 changeset: 100347:732e46d081b5 parent: 100345:e4deabbfc1b2 parent: 100346:29beb1554dec user: Georg Brandl <georg(a)python.org> date: Fri Feb 26 19:14:56 2016 +0100 summary: merge with 3.5 files: Doc/library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst | 14 +++++++------- 1 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) diff --git a/Doc/library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst b/Doc/library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst --- a/Doc/library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst +++ b/Doc/library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst @@ -1044,16 +1044,16 @@ This class is the low-level building block of the module. It uses :mod:`xml.parsers.expat` for efficient, event-based parsing of XML. It can - be fed XML data incrementall with the :meth:`feed` method, and parsing events - are translated to a push API - by invoking callbacks on the *target* object. - If *target* is omitted, the standard :class:`TreeBuilder` is used. The - *html* argument was historically used for backwards compatibility and is now - deprecated. If *encoding* [1]_ is given, the value overrides the encoding - specified in the XML file. + be fed XML data incrementally with the :meth:`feed` method, and parsing + events are translated to a push API - by invoking callbacks on the *target* + object. If *target* is omitted, the standard :class:`TreeBuilder` is used. + The *html* argument was historically used for backwards compatibility and is + now deprecated. If *encoding* [1]_ is given, the value overrides the + encoding specified in the XML file. .. deprecated:: 3.4 The *html* argument. The remaining arguments should be passed via - keywword to prepare for the removal of the *html* argument. + keyword to prepare for the removal of the *html* argument. .. method:: close() -- Repository URL: https://hg.python.org/cpython

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