How hard or reasonable would it be to free memory pages on OS level? [pcmiiw] Gabage collection within a generation involves moving live objects to compact the generation storage. This separates the memory region into 2 parts "live" and "cleared", the pointer to the beginning of the "cleared" part is where next allocation is going to happen. When this is done, does Python gc move the objects preserving order or does it try to populate garbaged slot with some live object disregarding order? Earlier case is more applicable, but latter case is a target for below too. If we were to look at memory regions from the OS point of view, they are allocated as pages (or possibly as hugetlb pages). So if we are to compact something like this [LL__][_L__][____][L_LL][LFFF] where [] is a page, L is live object and _ is garbage and F is free memory, would it not make more sense to tell OS that [____] is not needed anymore, and not move some of the consequtive [L_LL][LFFF] at all, or at least not move those objects as far down the memory region? This would of course have a certain overhead of tracking which pages are given back to OS and mapping them back when needed, but at the same time, be beneficial because fewer objets are moved and also possibly improve cpu cache performance because objects won't be moved so far out. p.s. if someone has an athoritative link to modern python gc design, please let me know.