On Mon, May 24, 2021 at 5:43 PM Chris Angelico rosuav@gmail.com wrote:
Requiring that a name not be rebound is well-defined and testable. Requiring that an object not change is either trivial (in the case of, say, an integer) or virtually impossible (in the case of most objects).
What would be the advantage of such a declaration?
ChrisA
## Existing threads re: consts and applications thereof
So, `/? from:me pyrsistent` I found a few results: - "[Python-Dev] Challenge: Please break this! (a.k.a restricted mode revisited)" 2016-04 https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2016-April/143958.html - ~Sandboxing python within python is nontrivial to impossible; consts might help a bit - https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2016-April/143958.html
- "Proposal to add const-ness type hints to PEP-484"
https://mail.python.org/archives/list/python-ideas@python.org/thread/OVPF5I6... - https://github.com/python/typing/issues/242 - "Final names and attributes" https://github.com/python/mypy/pull/5522 This is where `typing.Final` comes from.
- "[Python-ideas] "Immutable Builder" Pattern and Operator" https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-ideas/2017-January/044374.html - [pyrsistent] and "fn.py [do] immutables:
https://github.com/kachayev/fn.py/blob/master/README.rst#persistent-data-str... "
- "[Python-ideas] Add recordlcass to collections module" https://groups.google.com/g/python-ideas/c/9crHfcCBgYs/m/6_EEaWJAAgAJ - ORMs (e.g. Django, SQLAlchemy) require "dirty state" checking to know which object attributes have changed and need an SQL statement to be executed to synchronize the state; this is relevant because when we're asking for mutable namedtuple we're often trying to do exactly this pattern.
- "[Python-ideas] Suggestions: dict.flow_update and dict.__add__"
https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%5BPython-ideas%5D+Suggestions%3A+dict.fl...
dicttoolz has functions for working with these objects; including
dicttoolz.merge (which returns a reference to the merged dicts but does not mutate the arguments passed).
https://toolz.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#dicttoolz https://toolz.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#toolz.dicttoolz.merge
pyrsistent has a PRecord class with invariants and type checking that
precedes dataclasses. pyrsistent also has 'freeze' and 'thaw' functions for immutability. PRecord extends PMap, which implements __add__ as self.update(arg) (which does not mutate self) https://github.com/tobgu/pyrsistent/blob/master/README.rst#precord
https://github.com/tobgu/pyrsistent/blob/master/pyrsistent/_pmap.py
- "[Python-ideas] How to prevent shared memory from being corrupted ?"
https://www.google.com/search?q=%22How+to+prevent+shared+memory+from+being+c...
PyArrow Plasma object ids, "sealing" makes an object immutable,
pyristent
https://arrow.apache.org/docs/python/plasma.html#creating-an-object-buffer
Objects are created in Plasma in two stages. First, they are created,
which allocates a buffer for the object. At this point, the client can write to the buffer and construct the object within the allocated buffer. [...]
- [Python-ideas] Experimenting with dict performance, and an immutable dict
https://mail.python.org/archives/list/python-ideas@python.org/message/DNBGUJ...
https://pyrsistent.readthedocs.io/en/latest/intro.html#pyrsistent :
Pyrsistent is a number of persistent collections (by some referred to
as functional data structures). Persistent in the sense that they are immutable.
All methods on a data structure that would normally mutate it instead
return a new copy of the structure containing the requested updates. The original structure is left untouched.
This will simplify the reasoning about what a program does since no
hidden side effects ever can take place to these data structures. You can rest assured that the object you hold a reference to will remain the same throughout its lifetime and need not worry that somewhere five stack levels below you in the darkest corner of your application someone has decided to remove that element that you expected to be there.
Pyrsistent is influenced by persistent data structures such as those
found in the standard library of Clojure. The data structures are designed to share common elements through path copying. It aims at taking these concepts and make them as pythonic as possible so that they can be easily integrated into any python program without hassle.
What would be the advantage of such a declaration?
Constants don't need to be locked or unlocked; which is advantageous for parallelism and reasoning about program correctness. True consts (wherein everything referred to in that object is 'frozen' and immutable or at least only modifiable with e.g. copy-on-write) wouldn't require locks, which would be post-GIL advantageous.
You could do consts by never releasing a threading.Lock (or similar): - https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio-sync.html#locks - https://docs.python.org/3/library/threading.html#lock-objects - This from https://docs.python.org/2/library/sets.html?highlight=immutable#immutable-tr... re ImmutableSet/FrozenSet is not present in the python 3 docs: https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#set-types-set-frozenset
Though - even if Python enforced normal consts in the language - all of the other code objects would still be mutable, so you still have the impossibility of sandboxing python.
Functional and contracts coding styles rely upon invariance; which can be accomplished with various third-party packages that enforce const-ness throughout what may be an object tree behind that reference that would otherwise need to be copy.deepcopy()'d.
## pyrsistent Src: https://github.com/tobgu/pyrsistent
- PVector, similar to a python list
- PMap, similar to dict
- PSet, similar to set
- PRecord, a PMap on steroids with fixed fields, optional type and
invariant checking and much more
- PClass, a Python class fixed fields, optional type and invariant
checking and much more
- Checked collections, PVector, PMap and PSet with optional type and
invariance checks and more
- PBag, similar to collections.Counter
- PList, a classic singly linked list
- PDeque, similar to collections.deque
- Immutable object type (immutable) built on the named tuple
- freeze and thaw functions to convert between python standard
collections and pyrsistent collections.
- Flexible transformations of arbitrarily complex structures built from
PMaps and PVectors.
## icontract Src: https://github.com/Parquery/icontract
icontract provides design-by-contract to Python3 with informative
violation messages and inheritance.
It also gives a base for a flourishing of a wider ecosystem:
- A linter pyicontract-lint,
- A sphinx plug-in sphinx-icontract,
- A tool icontract-hypothesis for automated testing and ghostwriting test
files which infers Hypothesis strategies based on the contracts, together with IDE integrations such as icontract-hypothesis-vim, icontract-hypothesis-pycharm, and icontract-hypothesis-vscode,
- Directly integrated into CrossHair, a tool for automatic verification
of Python programs, together with IDE integrations such as crosshair-pycharm and crosshair-vscode, and
- An integration with FastAPI through fastapi-icontract to enforce
contracts on your HTTP API and display them in OpenAPI 3 schema and Swagger UI.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_by_contract
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_(mathematics)#Invariants_in_computer... [ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_invariant ]
What is the difference between "invariant" and "constant" and "final"?