Mailman 3 September 2013 - Python-Dev

Re: [Python-Dev] peps: document requirements
by Antoine Pitrou 30 Sep '13

30 Sep '13

On Mon, 30 Sep 2013 17:08:00 +0200 (CEST) christian.heimes <python-checkins(a)python.org> wrote: > + > +* It should return ``0`` for zero length input. (Note: This can be handled as > + special case, too.) What is this required for? The main requirement is that equal stuff hashes equal, but there's no reason for zero-length input to hash to zero, AFAIK. Regards Antoine.

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Getting Tulip (PEP 3156) into the 3.4 stdlib, marked provisional, named asyncio
by Guido van Rossum 30 Sep '13

30 Sep '13

I've been looking at my progress with Tulip and the 3.4 release schedule (PEP 429) and it looks like I will have to do some kind of sprint to get it into the release in time for beta 1, which is planned for Nov 24. Ideally I'd get it into alpha 4, which is scheduled for Oct 20 -- that's in about three weeks, and probably too tight. Even Nov 24 is aggressive, because the PEP (PEP 3156) hasn't even been discussed formally, let alone accepted! Fortunately I'm pretty happy with most of the APIs defined in the PEP -- there are some holes but I expect no big changes at this point. It's clear that the only way we can get this into the stdlib is to mark it as provisional, per PEP 411. That's fine with me. I expect that the kind of changes the code will see between the 3.4 and 3.5 releases are well within the bounds of the expectations set by that PEP -- while it is clear that everything is possible (even withdrawal), the most likely outcome is that the API will be extended or tweaked at most, and not significantly changed in a backward compatible way -- without completely ruling out that some part of the API may deserve a serious overhaul based on experience. That's exactly how I feel about Tulip. I propose that the new library will be named asyncio. It would be odd if we kept the name tulip (stdlib modules rarely have "creative" names), and "asynchronous I/O" seems to cover the contents quite well. I propose that we do the bikeshedding about the API on the python-tulip(a)googlegroups.com mailing list; I'm not sure what we would gain by holding the discussion on python-dev (although clearly we should report back here with important milestones in the review). I will post a message with the kick-off there. I hope people will respect my choice of venue, and limit themselves to procedural issued on python-dev. E.g. it's fine to debate on python-dev whether I'm overstepping my BDFL authority here, or whether the proposed API is of sufficiently wide appeal. But I'd prefer to discuss e.g. the return type of start_serving() or the choice of yield-from over yield on python-tulip. -- --Guido van Rossum (python.org/~guido)

10 17

PEP 453 (pip bootstrapping) ready for pronouncement?
by Nick Coghlan 30 Sep '13

30 Sep '13

With the last round of updates, I believe PEP 453 is ready for Martin's pronouncement. HTML: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0453/ Major diffs: http://hg.python.org/peps/rev/b2993450b32a Many of the updates are just clarifications in response to questions, but the actual significant changes are: - the proposed module name is now "ensurepip" (thanks Antoine for that suggestion) - distros are granted considerable latitude to ensure the distro pip package is used with the system Python installation, so long as they ensure virtual environments continue to work as expected - the two open questions regarding uninstallation and tweaking the directory layout on Windows are decided in favour of the approaches that were already documented in the PEP (since we hadn't received any objections to them in earlier discussions) Regards, Nick. ===================== PEP: 453 Title: Explicit bootstrapping of pip in Python installations Version: $Revision$ Last-Modified: $Date$ Author: Donald Stufft <donald(a)stufft.io>, Nick Coghlan <ncoghlan(a)gmail.com> BDFL-Delegate: Martin von Löwis Status: Draft Type: Process Content-Type: text/x-rst Created: 10-Aug-2013 Post-History: 30-Aug-2013, 15-Sep-2013, 18-Sep-2013, 19-Sep-2013, 23-Sep-2013 Abstract ======== This PEP proposes that the `pip`_ package manager be made available by default when installing CPython and when creating virtual environments using the standard library's ``venv`` module via the ``pyvenv`` command line utility). To clearly demarcate development responsibilities, and to avoid inadvertently downgrading ``pip`` when updating CPython, the proposed mechanism to achieve this is to include an explicit `pip`_ bootstrapping mechanism in the standard library that is invoked automatically by the CPython installers provided on python.org. The PEP also strongly recommends that CPython redistributors and other Python implementations ensure that ``pip`` is available by default, or at the very least, explicitly document the fact that it is not included. Proposal ======== This PEP proposes the inclusion of an ``ensurepip`` bootstrapping module in Python 3.4, as well as in the next maintenance releases of Python 3.3 and 2.7. This PEP does *not* propose making pip (or any dependencies) directly available as part of the standard library. Instead, pip will be a bundled application provided along with CPython for the convenience of Python users, but subject to its own development life cycle and able to be upgraded independently of the core interpreter and standard library. Rationale ========= Currently, on systems without a platform package manager and repository, installing a third-party Python package into a freshly installed Python requires first identifying an appropriate package manager and then installing it. Even on systems that *do* have a platform package manager, it is unlikely to include every package that is available on the Python Package Index, and even when a desired third-party package is available, the correct name in the platform package manager may not be clear. This means that, to work effectively with the Python Package Index ecosystem, users must know which package manager to install, where to get it, and how to install it. The effect of this is that third-party Python projects are currently required to choose from a variety of undesirable alternatives: * Assume the user already has a suitable cross-platform package manager installed. * Duplicate the instructions and tell their users how to install the package manager. * Completely forgo the use of dependencies to ease installation concerns for their users. All of these available options have significant drawbacks. If a project simply assumes a user already has the tooling then beginning users may get a confusing error message when the installation command doesn't work. Some operating systems may ease this pain by providing a global hook that looks for commands that don't exist and suggest an OS package they can install to make the command work, but that only works on systems with platform package managers (such as major Linux distributions). No such assistance is available for Windows and Mac OS X users. The challenges of dealing with this problem are a regular feature of feedback the core Python developers receive from professional educators and others introducing new users to Python. If a project chooses to duplicate the installation instructions and tell their users how to install the package manager before telling them how to install their own project then whenever these instructions need updates they need updating by every project that has duplicated them. This is particular problematic when there are multiple competing installation tools available, and different projects recommend different tools. This specific problem can be partially alleviated by strongly promoting ``pip`` as the default installer and recommending that other projects reference `pip's own bootstrapping instructions <http://www.pip-installer.org/en/latest/installing.html>`__ rather than duplicating them. However the user experience created by this approach still isn't good (especially on Windows, where downloading and running the ``get-pip.py`` bootstrap script with the default OS configuration is significantly more painful than downloading and running a binary executable or installer). The situation becomes even more complicated when multiple Python versions are involved (for example, parallel installations of Python 2 and Python 3), since that makes it harder to create and maintain good platform specific ``pip`` installers independently of the CPython installers. The projects that have decided to forgo dependencies altogether are forced to either duplicate the efforts of other projects by inventing their own solutions to problems or are required to simply include the other projects in their own source trees. Both of these options present their own problems either in duplicating maintenance work across the ecosystem or potentially leaving users vulnerable to security issues because the included code or duplicated efforts are not automatically updated when upstream releases a new version. By providing a cross-platform package manager by default it will be easier for users trying to install these third-party packages as well as easier for the people distributing them as they should now be able to safely assume that most users will have the appropriate installation tools available. This is expected to become more important in the future as the Wheel_ package format (deliberately) does not have a built in "installer" in the form of ``setup.py`` so users wishing to install from a wheel file will want an installer even in the simplest cases. Reducing the burden of actually installing a third-party package should also decrease the pressure to add every useful module to the standard library. This will allow additions to the standard library to focus more on why Python should have a particular tool out of the box, and why it is reasonable for that package to adopt the standard library's 18-24 month feature release cycle, instead of using the general difficulty of installing third-party packages as justification for inclusion. Providing a standard installation system also helps with bootstrapping alternate build and installer systems, such as ``setuptools``, ``zc.buildout`` and the ``hashdist``/``conda`` combination that is aimed specifically at the scientific community. So long as ``pip install <tool>`` works, then a standard Python-specific installer provides a reasonably secure, cross platform mechanism to get access to these utilities. Why pip? -------- ``pip`` has been chosen as the preferred default installer, as it addresses several design and user experience issues with its predecessor ``easy_install`` (these issues can't readily be fixed in ``easy_install`` itself due to backwards compatibility concerns). ``pip`` is also well suited to working within the bounds of a single Python runtime installation (including associated virtual environments), which is a desirable feature for a tool bundled with CPython. Other tools like ``zc.buildout`` and ``conda`` are more ambitious in their aims (and hence substantially better than ``pip`` at handling external binary dependencies), so it makes sense for the Python ecosystem to treat them more like platform package managers to inter operate with rather than as the default cross-platform installation tool. This relationship is similar to that between ``pip`` and platform package management systems like ``apt`` and ``yum`` (which are also designed to handle arbitrary binary dependencies). Explicit bootstrapping mechanism ================================ An additional module called ``ensurepip`` will be added to the standard library whose purpose is to install pip and any of its dependencies into the appropriate location (most commonly site-packages). It will expose a callable named ``bootstrap()`` as well as offer direct execution via ``python -m ensurepip``. The bootstrap will *not* contact PyPI, but instead rely on a private copy of pip stored inside the standard library. Accordingly, only options related to the installation location will be supported (``--user``, ``--root``, etc). It is considered desirable that users be strongly encouraged to use the latest available version of ``pip``, in order to take advantage of the ongoing efforts to improve the security of the PyPI based ecosystem, as well as benefiting from the efforts to improve the speed, reliability and flexibility of that ecosystem. In order to satisfy this goal of providing the most recent version of ``pip`` by default, the private copy of ``pip`` will be updated in CPython maintenance releases, which should align well with the 6-month cycle used for new ``pip`` releases. Security considerations ----------------------- The design in this PEP has been deliberately chosen to avoid making any significant changes to the trust model of the CPython installers for end users that do not subsequently make use of ``pip``. The installers will contain all the components of a fully functioning version of Python, including the ``pip`` installer. The installation process will *not* require network access, and will *not* rely on trusting the security of the network connection established between ``pip`` and the Python package index. Only users that choose to use ``pip`` directly will need to pay attention to any PyPI related security considerations. Implementation strategy ----------------------- To ensure there is no need for network access when installing Python or creating virtual environments, the ``ensurepip`` module will, as an implementation detail, include a complete private copy of pip and its dependencies which will be used to extract pip and install it into the target environment. It is important to stress that this private copy of pip is *only* an implementation detail and it should *not* be relied on or assumed to exist beyond the public capabilities exposed through the ``ensurepip`` module (and indirectly through ``venv``). There is not yet a reference ``ensurepip`` implementation. The existing ``get-pip.py`` bootstrap script demonstrates an earlier variation of the general concept, but the standard library version would take advantage of the improved distribution capabilities offered by the CPython installers to include private copies of ``pip`` and ``setuptools`` as wheel files (rather than as embedded base64 encoded data), and would not try to contact PyPI (instead installing directly from the private wheel files. Rather than including separate code to handle the bootstrapping, the ``ensurepip`` module will manipulate sys.path appropriately to allow the wheel files to be used to install themselves, either into the current Python installation or into a virtual environment (as determined by the options passed to the bootstrap command). It is proposed that the implementation be carried out in five separate steps (all steps after the first are independent of each other and can be carried out in any order): * the first step would add the ``ensurepip`` module and the private copies of the most recently released versions of pip and setuptools, and update the "Installing Python Modules" documentation. This change would be applied to Python 2.7, 3.3 and 3.4. * the Windows installer would be updated to offer the new ``pip`` installation option for Python 2.7.6, 3.3.3 and 3.4.0. * the Mac OS X installer would be updated to offer the new ``pip`` installation option for Python 2.7.6, 3.3.3 and 3.4.0. * the ``venv`` module and ``pyvenv`` command would be updated to make use of ``ensurepip`` in Python 3.4+ * the PATH handling and ``sysconfig`` directory layout on Windows would be updated for Python 3.4+ Proposed CLI ------------ The proposed CLI is based on a subset of the existing ``pip install`` options:: Usage: python -m ensurepip [options] General Options: -h, --help Show help. -v, --verbose Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times. -V, --version Show the pip version that would be extracted and exit. -q, --quiet Give less output. Installation Options: -U, --upgrade Upgrade pip and dependencies, even if already installed --user Install using the user scheme. --root <dir> Install everything relative to this alternate root directory. In most cases, end users won't need to use this CLI directly, as ``pip`` should have been installed automatically when installing Python or when creating a virtual environment. Users that want to retrieve the latest version from PyPI, or otherwise need more flexibility, should invoke the extracted ``pip`` appropriately. Proposed module API ------------------- The proposed ``ensurepip`` module API consists of the following two functions:: def version(): """ Returns a string specifying the bundled version of pip. """ def bootstrap(root=None, upgrade=False, user=False, verbosity=0): """ Bootstrap pip into the current Python installation (or the given root directory). """ Invocation from the CPython installers -------------------------------------- The CPython Windows and Mac OS X installers will each gain a new option: * Install pip (the default Python package management utility)? This option will be checked by default. If the option is checked, then the installer will invoke the following command with the just installed Python:: python -m ensurepip --upgrade This ensures that, by default, installing or updating CPython will ensure that the installed version of pip is at least as recent as the one included with that version of CPython. If a newer version of pip has already been installed then ``python -m ensurepip --upgrade`` will simply return without doing anything. Installing from source ---------------------- While the prebuilt binary installers will be updated to run ``python -m ensurepip`` by default, no such change will be made to the ``make install`` and ``make altinstall`` commands of the source distribution. ``ensurepip`` itself (including the private copy of ``pip`` and its dependencies) will still be installed normally (as it is a regular part of the standard library), only the implicit installation of pip and its dependencies will be skipped. Keeping the pip bootstrapping as a separate step for ``make``-based installations should minimize the changes CPython redistributors need to make to their build processes. Avoiding the layer of indirection through ``make`` for the ``ensurepip`` invocation avoids any challenges associated with determining where to install the extracted ``pip``. Changes to virtual environments ------------------------------- Python 3.3 included a standard library approach to virtual Python environments through the ``venv`` module. Since its release it has become clear that very few users have been willing to use this feature directly, in part due to the lack of an installer present by default inside of the virtual environment. They have instead opted to continue using the ``virtualenv`` package which *does* include pip installed by default. To make the ``venv`` more useful to users it will be modified to issue the pip bootstrap by default inside of the new environment while creating it. This will allow people the same convenience inside of the virtual environment as this PEP provides outside of it as well as bringing the ``venv`` module closer to feature parity with the external ``virtualenv`` package, making it a more suitable replacement. To handle cases where a user does not wish to have pip bootstrapped into their virtual environment a ``--without-pip`` option will be added. The ``venv.EnvBuilder`` and ``venv.create`` APIs will be updated to accept one new parameter: ``with_pip`` (defaulting to ``False``). The new default for the module API is chosen for backwards compatibility with the current behaviour (as it is assumed that most invocation of the ``venv`` module happens through third part tools that likely will not want ``pip`` installed without explicitly requesting it), while the default for the command line interface is chosen to try to ensure ``pip`` is available in most virtual environments without additional action on the part of the end user. This particular change will be made only for Python 3.4 and later versions. The third-party ``virtualenv`` project will still be needed to obtain a consistent cross-version experience in Python 3.3 and 2.7. Documentation ------------- The "Installing Python Modules" section of the standard library documentation will be updated to recommend the use of the bootstrapped `pip` installer. It will give a brief description of the most common commands and options, but delegate to the externally maintained ``pip`` documentation for the full details. The existing content of the module installation guide will be retained, but under a new "Invoking distutils directly" subsection. Bundling CA certificates with CPython ------------------------------------- The ``ensurepip`` implementation will include the ``pip`` CA bundle along with the rest of ``pip``. This means CPython effectively includes a CA bundle that is used solely by ``pip`` after it has been extracted. This is considered preferable to relying solely on the system certificate stores, as it ensures that ``pip`` will behave the same across all supported versions of Python, even those prior to Python 3.4 that cannot access the system certificate store on Windows. Automatic installation of setuptools ------------------------------------ ``pip`` currently depends on ``setuptools`` to handle metadata generation during the build process, along with some other features. While work is ongoing to reduce or eliminate this dependency, it is not clear if that work will be complete for pip 1.5 (which is the version likely to be current when Python 3.4.0 is released). This PEP proposes that, if pip still requires it as a dependency, ``ensurepip`` will include a private copy of ``setuptools`` (in addition to the private copy of ``ensurepip``). ``python -m ensurepip`` will then install the private copy in addition to installing ``pip`` itself. However, this behavior is officially considered an implementation detail. Other projects which explicitly require ``setuptools`` must still provide an appropriate dependency declaration, rather than assuming ``setuptools`` will always be installed alongside ``pip``. Once pip is able to run ``pip install --upgrade pip`` without needing ``setuptools`` installed first, then the private copy of ``setuptools`` will be removed from ``ensurepip`` in subsequent CPython releases. Updating the private copy of pip -------------------------------- In order to keep up with evolutions in packaging as well as providing users with as recent version a possible the ``ensurepip`` module will be regularly updated to the latest versions of everything it bootstraps. After each new ``pip`` release, and again during the preparation for any release of Python (including feature releases), a script, provided as part of this PEP, will be run to ensure the private copies stored in the CPython source repository have been updated to the latest versions. Updating the ensurepip module API and CLI ----------------------------------------- Like ``venv`` and ``pyvenv``, the ``ensurepip`` module API and CLI will be governed by the normal rules for the standard library: no new features are permitted in maintenance releases. However, the embedded components may be updated as noted above, so the extracted ``pip`` may offer additional functionality in maintenance releases. Feature addition in maintenance releases ======================================== Adding a new module to the standard library in Python 2.7 and 3.3 maintenance releases breaks the usual policy of "no new features in maintenance releases". It is being proposed in this case as the current bootstrapping issues for the third-party Python package ecosystem greatly affects the experience of new users, especially on Python 2 where many Python 3 standard library improvements are available as backports on PyPI, but are not included in the Python 2 standard library. By updating Python 2.7, 3.3 and 3.4 to easily bootstrap the PyPI ecosystem, this change should aid the vast majority of current Python users, rather than only those with the freedom to adopt Python 3.4 as soon as it is released. Uninstallation ============== No changes are proposed to the uninstallation process by this PEP. The bootstrapped pip will be installed the same way as any other pip installed packages, and will be handled in the same way as any other post-install additions to the Python environment. At least on Windows, that means the bootstrapped files will be left behind after uninstallation, since those files won't be associated with the Python MSI installer. While the case can be made for the CPython installers clearing out these directories automatically, changing that behaviour is considered outside the scope of this PEP. Script Execution on Windows =========================== While the Windows installer was updated in Python 3.3 to optionally make ``python`` available on the PATH, no such change was made to include the Scripts directory. Independently of this PEP, a proposal has also been made to rename the ``Tools\Scripts`` subdirectory to ``bin`` in order to improve consistency with the typical script installation directory names on \*nix systems. Accordingly, in addition to adding the option to extract and install ``pip`` during installation, this PEP proposes that the Windows installer (and ``sysconfig``) in Python 3.4 and later be updated to: - install scripts to PythonXY\bin rather than PythonXY\Tools\Scripts - add PythonXY\bin to the Windows PATH (in addition to PythonXY) when the PATH modification option is enabled during installation For Python 2.7 and 3.3, it is proposed that the only change be the one to bootstrap ``pip`` by default. This means that, for Python 3.3, the most reliable way to invoke pip on Windows (without tinkering manually with PATH) will actually be ``py -m pip`` (or ``py -3 -m pip`` to select the Python 3 version if both Python 2 and 3 are installed) rather than simply calling ``pip``. For Python 2.7 and 3.2, the most reliable mechanism will be to install the standalone Python launcher for Windows and then use ``py -m pip`` as noted above. Adding the scripts directory to the system PATH would mean that ``pip`` works reliably in the "only one Python installation on the system PATH" case, with ``py -m pip``, ``pipX``, or ``pipX.Y`` needed only to select a non-default version in the parallel installation case (and outside a virtual environment). This change should also make the ``pyvenv`` command substantially easier to invoke on Windows, along with all scripts installed by ``pip``, ``easy_install`` and similar tools. While the script invocations on recent versions of Python will run through the Python launcher for Windows, this shouldn't cause any issues, as long as the Python files in the Scripts directory correctly specify a Python version in their shebang line or have an adjacent Windows executable (as ``easy_install`` and ``pip`` do). Recommendations for Downstream Distributors =========================================== A common source of Python installations are through downstream distributors such as the various Linux Distributions [#ubuntu]_ [#debian]_ [#fedora]_, OSX package managers [#homebrew]_, or Python-specific tools [#conda]_. In order to provide a consistent, user-friendly experience to all users of Python regardless of how they attained Python this PEP recommends and asks that downstream distributors: * Ensure that whenever Python is installed pip is also installed. * This may take the form of separate packages with dependencies on each other so that installing the Python package installs the pip package and installing the pip package installs the Python package. * Another reasonable way to implement this is to package pip separately but ensure that there is some sort of global hook that will recommend installing the separate pip package when a user executes ``pip`` without it being installed. Systems that choose this option should ensure that the ``pyvenv`` command still installs pip into the virtual environment by default, but may modify the ``ensurepip`` module in the system Python installation to redirect to the platform provided mechanism when installing ``pip`` globally. * Do not remove the bundled copy of pip. * This is required for installation of pip into a virtual environment by the ``venv`` module. * This is similar to the existing ``virtualenv`` package for which many downstream distributors have already made exception to the common "debundling" policy. * This does mean that if ``pip`` needs to be updated due to a security issue, so does the private copy in the ``ensurepip`` bootstrap module * However, altering the private copy of pip to remove the embedded CA certificate bundle and rely on the system CA bundle instead is a reasonable change. * Migrate build systems to utilize `pip`_ and `Wheel`_ instead of directly using ``setup.py``. * This will ensure that downstream packages can more easily utilize the new metadata formats which may not have a ``setup.py``. * Ensure that all features of this PEP continue to work with any modifications made to the redistributed version of Python. * Checking the version of pip that will be bootstrapped using ``python -m ensurepip --version`` or ``ensurepip.version()``. * Installation of pip into a global or virtual python environment using ``python -m ensurepip`` or ``ensurepip.bootstrap()``. * ``pip install --upgrade pip`` in a global installation should not affect any already created virtual environments (but is permitted to affect future virtual environments, even though it will not do so when using the upstream version of ``ensurepip``). * ``pip install --upgrade pip`` in a virtual environment should not affect the global installation. In the event that a Python redistributor chooses *not* to follow these recommendations, we request that they explicitly document this fact and provide their users with suitable guidance on translating upstream ``pip`` based installation instructions into something appropriate for the platform. Other Python implementations are also encouraged to follow these guidelines where applicable. Policies & Governance ===================== The maintainers of the bootstrapped software and the CPython core team will work together in order to address the needs of both. The bootstrapped software will still remain external to CPython and this PEP does not include CPython subsuming the development responsibilities or design decisions of the bootstrapped software. This PEP aims to decrease the burden on end users wanting to use third-party packages and the decisions inside it are pragmatic ones that represent the trust that the Python community has already placed in the Python Packaging Authority as the authors and maintainers of ``pip``, ``setuptools``, PyPI, ``virtualenv`` and other related projects. Backwards Compatibility ----------------------- The public API and CLI of the ``ensurepip`` module itself will fall under the typical backwards compatibility policy of Python for its standard library. The externally developed software that this PEP bundles does not. Most importantly, this means that the bootstrapped version of pip may gain new features in CPython maintenance releases, and pip continues to operate on its own 6 month release cycle rather than CPython's 18-24 month cycle. Security Releases ----------------- Any security update that affects the ``ensurepip`` module will be shared prior to release with the Python Security Response Team (security(a)python.org). The PSRT will then decide if the reported issue warrants a security release of CPython with an updated private copy of ``pip``. Appendix: Rejected Proposals ============================ Automatically contacting PyPI when bootstrapping pip ---------------------------------------------------- Earlier versions of this PEP called the bootstrapping module ``getpip`` and defaulted to downloading and installing ``pip`` from PyPI, with the private copy used only as a fallback option or when explicitly requested. This resulted in several complex edge cases, along with difficulties in defining a clean API and CLI for the bootstrap module. It also significantly altered the default trust model for the binary installers published on python.org, as end users would need to explicitly *opt-out* of trusting the security of the PyPI ecosystem (rather than opting in to it by explicitly invoking ``pip`` following installation). As a result, the PEP was simplified to the current design, where the bootstrapping *always* uses the private copy of ``pip``. Contacting PyPI is now always an explicit separate step, with direct access to the full pip interface. Implicit bootstrap ------------------ `PEP439`_, the predecessor for this PEP, proposes its own solution. Its solution involves shipping a fake ``pip`` command that when executed would implicitly bootstrap and install pip if it does not already exist. This has been rejected because it is too "magical". It hides from the end user when exactly the pip command will be installed or that it is being installed at all. It also does not provide any recommendations or considerations towards downstream packagers who wish to manage the globally installed pip through the mechanisms typical for their system. The implicit bootstrap mechanism also ran into possible permissions issues, if a user inadvertently attempted to bootstrap pip without write access to the appropriate installation directories. Including pip directly in the standard library ---------------------------------------------- Similar to this PEP is the proposal of just including pip in the standard library. This would ensure that Python always includes pip and fixes all of the end user facing problems with not having pip present by default. This has been rejected because we've learned, through the inclusion and history of ``distutils`` in the standard library, that losing the ability to update the packaging tools independently can leave the tooling in a state of constant limbo. Making it unable to ever reasonably evolve in a time frame that actually affects users as any new features will not be available to the general population for *years*. Allowing the packaging tools to progress separately from the Python release and adoption schedules allows the improvements to be used by *all* members of the Python community and not just those able to live on the bleeding edge of Python releases. There have also been issues in the past with the "dual maintenance" problem if a project continues to be maintained externally while *also* having a fork maintained in the standard library. Since external maintenance of ``pip`` will always be needed to support earlier Python versions, the proposed bootstrapping mechanism will becoming the explicit responsibility of the CPython core developers (assisted by the pip developers), while pip issues reported to the CPython tracker will be migrated to the pip issue tracker. There will no doubt still be some user confusion over which tracker to use, but hopefully less than has been seen historically when including complete public copies of third-party projects in the standard library. The approach described in this PEP also avoids some technical issues related to handling CPython maintenance updates when pip has been independently updated to a more recent version. The proposed pip-based bootstrapping mechanism handles that automatically, since pip and the system installer never get into a fight about who owns the pip installation (it is always managed through pip, either directly, or indirectly via the ``ensurepip`` bootstrap module). Finally, the separate bootstrapping step means it also easy to avoid installing ``pip`` at all if end users so desire. This is often the case if integrators are using system packages to handle installation of components written in multiple languages using a common set of tools. Defaulting to --user installation --------------------------------- Some consideration was given to bootstrapping pip into the per-user site-packages directory by default. However, this behavior would be surprising (as it differs from the default behavior of pip itself) and is also not currently considered reliable (there are some edge cases which are not handled correctly when pip is installed into the user site-packages directory rather than the system site-packages). .. _Wheel: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0427/ .. _pip: http://www.pip-installer.org .. _setuptools: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools .. _PEP439: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0439/ References ========== .. [1] Discussion thread 1 (distutils-sig) (https://mail.python.org/pipermail/distutils-sig/2013-August/022529.html) .. [2] Discussion thread 2 (distutils-sig) (https://mail.python.org/pipermail/distutils-sig/2013-September/022702.html) .. [3] Discussion thread 3 (python-dev) (https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2013-September/128723.html) .. [4] Discussion thread 4 (python-dev) (https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2013-September/128780.html) .. [#ubuntu] `Ubuntu <http://www.ubuntu.com/>` .. [#debian] `Debian <http://www.debian.org>` .. [#fedora] `Fedora <https://fedoraproject.org/>` .. [#homebrew] `Homebrew <http://brew.sh/>` .. [#conda] `Conda <http://www.continuum.io/blog/conda>` Copyright ========= This document has been placed in the public domain. -- Nick Coghlan | ncoghlan(a)gmail.com | Brisbane, Australia

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Re: [Python-Dev] Why not support user defined operator overloading ?
by 张佩佩 29 Sep '13

29 Sep '13

On 2013/9/30 8:53 Greg Ewing wrote: > It does need to know the operator's precedence and >associativity, though, which means either declaring >it somewhere, or having some kind of fixed rule I suggest all user defined operator are at lowest priority. Regards peipei

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Re: [Python-Dev] cpython (merge 3.3 -> default): merge from 3.3
by Antoine Pitrou 29 Sep '13

29 Sep '13

On Thu, 12 Sep 2013 07:57:25 +0200 (CEST) senthil.kumaran <python-checkins(a)python.org> wrote: > > +<<<<<<< local > Optional argument random is a 0-argument function returning a > random float in [0.0, 1.0); if it is the default None, the > standard random.random will be used. > +======= > + Optional arg random is a 0-argument function returning a random > + float in [0.0, 1.0); by default, the standard random.random. > + > + Do not supply the 'int' argument. > +>>>>>>> other Can you fix this? Thanks Antoine.

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Re: [Python-Dev] [Python-checkins] cpython (merge 3.3 -> default): Fix http.server's request handling case on trailing '/'.
by Eric V. Smith 29 Sep '13

29 Sep '13

On 9/13/2013 3:22 AM, senthil.kumaran wrote: > http://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/b85c9d2a5227 > changeset: 85672:b85c9d2a5227 > parent: 85668:66ec8431032d > parent: 85671:1fcccbbe15e2 > user: Senthil Kumaran <senthil(a)uthcode.com> > date: Fri Sep 13 00:22:45 2013 -0700 > summary: > Fix http.server's request handling case on trailing '/'. > > Patch contributed by Vajrasky Kok. Addresses Issue #17324 > + trailing_slash = True if path.rstrip().endswith('/') else False Wouldn't this be better just as: trailing_slash = path.rstrip().endswith('/') -- Eric.

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Why not support user defined operator overloading ?
by 张佩佩 29 Sep '13

29 Sep '13

Hello: As far as I know, there is not a language support user defined operator overloading. Python3 can overloading belowed operators. - negated + unchanged - minus + add * multiplication / division // true division % remainder ** power (Do I miss something ?) If we can overloading these operators, why we can't overloading other operators? (like .* often used in matrix, U in set operation) Regards! Peipei

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Completed: Google Summer of Code 2013 IDLE Unit Testing and Improvements
by Todd V. Rovito 29 Sep '13

29 Sep '13

In April 2013 we challenged students to not spend their summer idle around the swimming pool but rather spend their time on IDLE and make a difference. IDLE is Python’s Integrated Development Environment (IDE) that is shipped with each Python release (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IDLE_(Python)). Since IDLE ships with Python it is often the first IDE a new Python programmer uses. The Python development community wants to make IDLE an awesome experience especially for people that are learning Python. Despite the fact that IDLE originally shipped in 1998 it had no unit test cases, making it difficult to confidently update the code and ship new versions. For this Google Summer of Code project our students Jayakrishnan Rajagopalasarma (http://123works.blogspot.com/search/label/GSoC%202013) and Phil Webster (http://weblog.philwebster.net/tag/gsoc/) had to not only create the unit tests but assist with design of the unit test framework (http://bugs.python.org/issue15392). By the end of the summer of 2013 Phil and Jayakrishnan have worked on five patches that have been committed to the CPython open source project. In addition the team has started work on an additional five issues (at bugs.python.org) but have not completed them yet. Jayakrishnan explored an idea to add automatic PEP8 checking to IDLE http://bugs.python.org/issue18704. Our hope is that both JayKrish and Phil continue to contribute to Python even now that GSoC is complete. The team wishes to thank Google and the Python Software Foundation for this opportunity to contribute to Python. Thanks to all the Python Core Developers that helped review and commit issues for the students. Special thanks goes to Terry Reedy who provided outstanding feedback on issues and performed all of the student’s commits. Finally thanks to Terri Oda for being a great GSoC administrator for the Python Software Foundation and helping by assigning an awesome co-mentor J.H. Hawley. The complete list of closed issues is below: http://bugs.python.org/issue18279 http://bugs.python.org/issue18189 http://bugs.python.org/issue18425 http://bugs.python.org/issue18226 http://bugs.python.org/issue18489 The complete list of started issues is below: http://bugs.python.org/issue18292 http://bugs.python.org/issue18910 http://bugs.python.org/issue18409 http://bugs.python.org/issue18410 http://bugs.python.org/issue18592

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Re: [Python-Dev] Why not support user defined operator overloading ?
by 张佩佩 29 Sep '13

29 Sep '13

Hello: I agree with Steven D'Aprano. Here is an example: class A(object): def __init__(self, value): self.value = value def add(self, other): return self.value + other.value __magic_method__ = {'+':add} a1 = A(1) a2 = A(2) We only need a macro expand a1 + a2 to a1.__magic__method__['+'](a, b) the later can be execute on Python. Regards peipei

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[RELEASED] Python 3.4.0a3
by Larry Hastings 29 Sep '13

29 Sep '13

On behalf of the Python development team, I'm pleased to announce the third alpha release of Python 3.4. This is a preview release, and its use is not recommended for production settings. Python 3.4 includes a range of improvements of the 3.x series, including hundreds of small improvements and bug fixes. Major new features and changes in the 3.4 release series so far include: * PEP 435, a standardized "enum" module * PEP 442, improved semantics for object finalization * PEP 443, adding single-dispatch generic functions to the standard library * PEP 445, a new C API for implementing custom memory allocators * PEP 446, changing file descriptors to not be inherited by default in subprocesses To download Python 3.4.0a3 visit: http://www.python.org/download/releases/3.4.0/ Please consider trying Python 3.4.0a3 with your code and reporting any issues you notice to: http://bugs.python.org/ Enjoy! -- Larry Hastings, Release Manager larry at hastings.org (on behalf of the entire python-dev team and 3.4's contributors)

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